Micro-scale pedestrian streetscapes and physical activity in Hispanic/Latino adults: Results from HCHS/SOL

Social and built neighborhood environments and sleep health: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Community and Surrounding Areas and Sueño Ancillary Studies

STUDY OBJECTIVES

To test associations between neighborhood social, built, and ambient environment characteristics and multidimensional sleep health in Hispanic/Latino adults.

METHODS

Data were from San Diego-based Hispanic/Latino adults mostly of Mexican heritage enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 342). Home addresses were geocoded to ascertain neighborhood characteristics of greenness, walkability (density of intersections, retail spaces, and residences), socioeconomic deprivation (e.g. lower income, lower education), social disorder (e.g. vacant buildings, crime), traffic density, and air pollution (PM 2.5) in the Study of Latinos Communities and Surrounding Areas Study. Sleep dimensions of regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration were measured by self-report or actigraphy approximately 2 years later. Multivariable regression models accounting for study design (stratification and clustering) were used to examine associations of neighborhood variables with individual sleep dimensions and a multidimensional sleep health composite score.

RESULTS

Neighborhood characteristics were not significantly associated with the multidimensional sleep health composite, and there were few significant associations with individual sleep dimensions. Greater levels of air pollution (B = 9.03, 95% CI: 1.16, 16.91) were associated with later sleep midpoint, while greater social disorder (B = -6.90, 95% CI: -13.12, -0.67) was associated with earlier sleep midpoint. Lower walkability was associated with more wake after sleep onset (B = -3.58, 95% CI: -7.07, -0.09).

CONCLUSIONS

Living in neighborhoods with lower walkability and greater air pollution was associated with worse sleep health, but otherwise findings were largely null. Future research should test these hypotheses in settings with greater variability and investigate mechanisms of these associations.

Neighborhood environment and body mass index in community-dwelling older adults in China: The mediating role of transport-related physical activity

OBJECTIVES

To examine whether the associations of neighborhood environment and body mass index (BMI) of community-dwelling older adults aged 70 and above were mediated by transport-related physical activity (TRPA).

METHODS

A bootstrap method was employed to test the mediation model with multisource data from Chongqing, China.

RESULTS

Neighborhood walkability (effect: 0.030, 95% CI [0.001-0.160]) and shopping facility accessibility (effect: 0.002, 95 % CI [0.001 - 0.101]) exhibited positive effects on BMI indirectly through decreasing TRPA duration. Negative indirect effects of sports facility accessibility (effect: -0.004, 95 % CI [-0.112 - -0.003]) and transit accessibility (effect: -0.044, 95 % CI [-0.074 - -0.002]) on BMI were observed through increasing TRPA duration. Park accessibility showed both direct (effect: -0.242, p < 0.05) and indirect (effect: -0.036, 95 % CI [-0.061 - -0.005]) negative correlations with BMI.

CONCLUSION

Our findings facilitate neighborhood environment interventions regarding obesity among older adults in developing countries.