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Killaspy H. The renaissance of mental health rehabilitation services. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:579-581. [PMID: 37489244 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231190540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Killaspy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Martinelli A, Killaspy H, Zarbo C, Agosta S, Casiraghi L, Zamparini M, Starace F, Rocchetti M, de Girolamo G, Ruggeri M, Boero ME, Cerveri G, Clerici M, D’Anna G, De Novellis A, Di Michele V, Di Prisco P, Durbano F, Facchini F, Ghio L, Giosuè P, Greco C, Latorre V, Leuci E, Malagamba D, Maone A, Marina M, Maurizi A, Monzani E, Placenti R, Rancati L, Rippa A, Rovera C, Silva A, Tura G, Zanolini S. Quality of residential facilities in Italy: satisfaction and quality of life of residents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:717. [PMID: 36397009 PMCID: PMC9672559 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery and human rights promotion for people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) is fundamental to provide good care in Residential Facilities (RFs). However, there is a concern about rehabilitation ethos in RFs. This study aimed to investigate the care quality of Italian RFs, the quality of life (QoL) and care experience of residents with SSD. METHODS Fourty-eight RFs were assessed using a quality assessment tool (QuIRC-SA) and 161 residents with SSD were enrolled. Seventeen RFs provided high intensity rehabilitation (SRP1), 15 medium intensity (SRP2), and 16 medium-low level support (SRP3). Staff-rated tools measured psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial functioning; user-rated tools assessed QoL and satisfaction with services. RFs comparisons were made using ANOVA and Chi-squared. RESULTS Over two-thirds patients (41.5 y.o., SD 9.7) were male. Seventy-six were recruited from SRP1 services, 48 from SRP2, and 27 from SRP3. The lowest QuIRC-SA scoring was Recovery Based Practice (45.8%), and the highest was promotion of Human Rights (58.4%). SRP2 had the lowest QuIRC-SA ratings and SRP3 the highest. Residents had similar psychopathology (p = 0.140) and functioning (p = 0.537). SRP3 residents were more employed (18.9%) than SRP1 (7.9%) or SRP2 (2.2%) ones, and had less severe negative symptoms (p = 0.016) and better QoL (p = 0.020) than SRP2 residents. There were no differences in the RF therapeutic milieu and their satisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS Residents of the lowest supported RFs in Italy had less severe negative symptoms, better QoL and more employment than others. The lowest ratings for Recovery Based Practice across all RFs suggest more work is needed to improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martinelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Verona Hospital Trust, AOUI, Verona, Italy. .,Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni, 4, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy.
| | - Helen Killaspy
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- grid.419422.8Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Agosta
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Mental Health and Dependence, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy ,Clinical Psychology Unit, ASST of Mantua, Mantua, Italy
| | - Letizia Casiraghi
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- grid.419422.8Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Starace
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Mental Health and Dependence, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- grid.419422.8Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XSection of Psychiatry, Verona Hospital Trust, AOUI, Verona, Italy
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Martinelli A, Iozzino L, Pozzan T, Cristofalo D, Bonetto C, Ruggeri M. Performance and effectiveness of step progressive care pathways within mental health supported accommodation services in Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:939-952. [PMID: 35041014 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Italy, a growing number of people with severe mental illness (SMI) require care in residential facilities (RFs), a key component of the care pathway. However, despite their development, studies about resident samples have been very few. AIMS This study, the VALERE-REC Study (eVALuation of outcomE in Residential-use of clinical data with REsearch objeCtives) aims to identify the characteristics that increase the probability to move patients living in RFs to a more independent setting. METHODS A survey involved 167 patients hosted in 25 RFs of the Verona Mental Health Department. Forty-five patients were residents (27%) in Comunità Terapeutico Riabilitativa Protetta (CTRP); 56 (34%) in Comunità Alloggio (CA), 14 (8%) in Gruppo Appartamento Protetto (GAP), 52 (31%) in Comunità Alloggio Estensiva (CAE). They were assessed for their care pathway after 30-months. The Quality Indicators for Rehabilitative Care-Supported Accommodation (QuIRC-SA) evaluated the quality of 19/25 (76%) RFs. Descriptive analyses were done. RESULTS According to the mission stated by the Veneto Region guidelines, RFs hosted patients with different needs and clinical profiles. The mean stay was longer than expected, most patients were unemployed, unmet needs were related to self-management and patient's social contacts, and recovery-oriented practices were not implemented. CONCLUSIONS Despite the appropriate admission of patients in different RFs considering their psychopathology, functioning, and needs, the progressive step care pathway did not result effectively pursued. To improve the effectiveness of residential interventions a major task should be to focus on the acquisition of the necessary skills to live independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Verona Hospital Trust, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Iozzino
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tecla Pozzan
- Verona Hospital Trust, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Doriana Cristofalo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. .,Verona Hospital Trust, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Mundt AP, Rozas Serri E, Siebenförcher M, Alikaj V, Ismayilov F, Razvodovsky YE, Hasanovic M, Marinov P, Frančišković T, Cermakova P, Harro J, Sulaberidze L, Kalapos MP, Assimov M, Nurmagambetova S, Ibishi NF, Molchanova E, Taube M, Chihai J, Dedovic J, Gosek P, Tataru N, Golenkov A, Lecic-Tosevski D, Randjelovic D, Izakova L, Švab V, Vohidova M, Kerimi N, Sukhovii O, Priebe S. Changes in national rates of psychiatric beds and incarceration in Central Eastern Europe and Central Asia from 1990-2019: A retrospective database analysis. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE 2021; 7:100137. [PMID: 34557842 PMCID: PMC8454862 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Numbers of psychiatric beds (general, forensic, and residential) and prison populations have been considered to be indicators of institutionalisation of people with mental illnesses. The present study aimed to assess changes of those indicators across Central Eastern Europe and Central Asia (CEECA) over the last three decades to capture how care has developed during that historical period. Methods We retrospectively obtained data on numbers of psychiatric beds and prison populations from 30 countries in CEECA between 1990 and 2019. We calculated the median of the percent changes between the first and last available data points for all CEECA and for groups of countries based on former political alliances and income levels. Findings Primary national data were retrieved from 25 out of 30 countries. Data from international registries were used for the remaining five countries. For all of CEECA, the median decrease of the general psychiatric bed rates was 33•8% between 1990 and 2019. Median increases were observed for forensic psychiatric beds (24•7%), residential facility beds (12•0%), and for prison populations (36•0%). Greater reductions of rates of psychiatric beds were observed in countries with lower per capita income as well as in countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union. Seventeen out of 30 countries showed inverse trends for general psychiatric beds and prison populations over time, indicating a possible shift of institutionalisation towards correctional settings. Interpretation Most countries had decreased rates of general psychiatric beds, while there was an increase of forensic capacities. There was an increase in incarceration rates in a majority of countries. The large variation of changes underlines the need for policies that are informed by data and by comparisons across countries. Funding Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo in Chile, grant scheme FONDECYT Regular, grant number 1190613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Mundt
- Medical Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Rozas Serri
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Medical Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mathias Siebenförcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Valbona Alikaj
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Tirana, Albania
| | | | | | - Mevludin Hasanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Medical Faculty, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Petar Marinov
- Association of Experts in Mental Health, Sofia, Bulgaria; Standing Committee for Professional Standards and By-Laws of the Bulgarian Psychiatric Association, Sofia, Bulgaria; Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Thrakian University St. Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | - Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaanus Harro
- North Estonia Medical Centre, Psychiatry Clinic, Tallinn, and Chair of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Marat Assimov
- Department of Communication Skills of the Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Nazmie F Ibishi
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Pristina, Kosovo
| | | | - Māris Taube
- Department of Psychiatry, Riga Stradin's University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jana Chihai
- Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology Department, State Medical and Pharmaceutical University Nicolae Testemitanu, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Jovo Dedovic
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit - Special Psychiatric Hospital Kotor, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - Paweł Gosek
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology • Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicoleta Tataru
- Senior consultant psychiatrist, Psychiatry Ambulatory Clinic, Oradea, România
| | - Andrei Golenkov
- Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
| | | | | | - Lubomira Izakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vesna Švab
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Nina Kerimi
- Consultant, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Programme Office in Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Oleksii Sukhovii
- Center for Mental Health and Monitoring of Drugs and Alcohol MoH of Ukraine
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit of Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Echebarrena RC, Silva PRFD. Leitos de saúde mental em hospitais gerais: o caso do Rio de Janeiro. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042020e319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o modelo de provisão de leitos de saúde mental em três hospitais gerais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e sua relação com a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores locais, um gestor municipal e dois ex-coordenadores nacionais de saúde mental. Os resultados apontaram que os hospitais estudados oferecem espaços restritivos, com predomínio de terapia farmacológica e forte influência do modelo biomédico. A presença dos leitos de saúde mental nos hospitais tem-se mostrado uma experiência bem-sucedida na melhoria do cuidado integral aos usuários. A interação com a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial foi apresentada como modelo de assistência preconizado, mas ainda enfrentando fragilidades em sua implementação. Os achados da pesquisa evidenciaram que a baixa implantação de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral na cidade se deve a lacunas na formação de profissionais e ao estigma que faz com que gestores resistam em receber usuários com transtornos mentais em suas instituições. Modificações recentes na política nacional de saúde mental, no sentido de interromper o fechamento de leitos em hospitais psiquiátricos, devem acarretar alterações na direção da reforma psiquiátrica no País.
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Felx A, Kane M, Corbière M, Lesage A. Using Group Concept Mapping to Develop a Conceptual Model of Housing and Community-Based Residential Settings for Adults With Severe Mental Illness. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:430. [PMID: 32636764 PMCID: PMC7319103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most existing conceptual models of residential environments and housing programs were developed over a decade ago or lack comprehensiveness. The attributes to be used to describe housing programs with adequate specification remain unclear including the attributes that mediate service user outcomes. In this study, group concept mapping was used to develop a conceptual model of housing and community-based residential settings for adults with severe mental illness based on stakeholder perceptions and values. METHODS Participants were selected through purposive sampling and included service users, family members, staff working in residential facilities, mental health workers and managers. Participants (n=221) generated 1,382 statements describing attributes of housing and community-based residential settings for adults with severe mental illness (99% saturation). Thematic content analysis was conducted to analyze the statements and create a list of 140 selected statements. Participants then rated (n=416) and sorted into categories (n=73) the selected statements. Descriptive statistics were computed for each statement relative importance. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to produce the conceptual model (maps). Stakeholders (n=12) were also involved in the interpretation of the maps. RESULTS The findings show overall concordance between stakeholders in relation to statements perceived importance (rating) and the statements inter-relationships (sorting). The stress value of 0.23 indicates that the two-dimensional solution of the multidimensional scaling analysis fits the data set (goodness of fit). The final conceptualization includes 12 clusters: (1) A balanced and healthy housing system; (2) Quality and management practices (facility/local level); (3) Physical external environment; (4) Services tailored to needs and preferences; (5) Services and interventions provided (linkage); (6) Equality, policies and availability of activities; (7) Organizational structure and staff qualities; (8) Services and interventions (learning skills); (9) Services and interventions (daily living support); (10) Personal space and right to privacy; (11) Physical interior environment; (12) Respect, functioning and atmosphere. CONCLUSION The results illustrate the multifaceted and multilevel nature of community-based residential settings through a visual representation. They articulate a number of attributes, clusters and dimensions that could be included in a common conceptual model of community-based residential settings and housing for adults with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Felx
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mental Health and Addiction Programs, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mary Kane
- Concept Systems Incorporated, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marc Corbière
- Department of Education and Pedagogy – Career Counselling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Research Centre of IUSMM, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mental Health and Work Foundation of IUSMM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictions, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Barbato A, D'Avanzo B, Harvey C, Lesage A, Maone A. Editorial: From Residential Care to Supported Housing. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32595543 PMCID: PMC7303362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Barbato
- Unit for Quality of Care and Rights Promotion in Mental Health, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Avanzo
- Unit for Quality of Care and Rights Promotion in Mental Health, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Carol Harvey
- Psychosocial Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alain Lesage
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS est-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio Maone
- Psychiatric Residential Care Unit, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
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Soares LDML, Silva PRFD. Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: uma análise da estrutura e do processo de cuidado. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042019s708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a estrutura e o processo de cuidado nos Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos existentes no município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que se concentrou na coleta de informações primárias por meio de instrumento estruturado. A pesquisa foi realizada em todos os dispositivos em funcionamento no mês de dezembro de 2016. No Rio de Janeiro, as Residências Terapêuticas recebem essencialmente pacientes egressos de internações psiquiátricas de longa permanência (94,3%), com grande oferta de vagas em dispositivos com presença de equipe nas 24 horas do dia (63,8%). Foi constatado que parte significativa dos moradores apresentava baixa frequência nas atividades assistenciais dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (48,7%). O cuidado interno nos dispositivos residenciais aponta para uma modelagem com forte entrelaçamento entre a moradia e as ações de reabilitação psicossocial. A baixa rotatividade de usuários mostra uma tendência para constituição de serviços com cuidado de longo prazo, o que deve ser levado em conta na manutenção e na expansão do programa no intuito de planejar serviços efetivos. Os resultados apontam que as bolsas de apoio à desinstitucionalização e, principalmente, a renda contínua aferida mediante o Benefício de Prestação Continuada são vitais para a sustentabilidade do programa.
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McPherson P, Krotofil J, Killaspy H. What Works? Toward a New Classification System for Mental Health Supported Accommodation Services: The Simple Taxonomy for Supported Accommodation (STAX-SA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E190. [PMID: 29364171 PMCID: PMC5858263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inconsistent terminology and variation in service models have made synthesis of the supported accommodation literature challenging. To overcome this, we developed a brief, categorical taxonomy that aimed to capture the defining features of different supported accommodation models: the simple taxonomy for supported accommodation (STAX-SA). Data from a previous review of existing classification systems were used to develop the taxonomy structure. After initial testing and amendments, the STAX-SA and an existing taxonomy were applied to 132 supported accommodation service descriptions drawn from two systematic reviews and their performance compared. To assess external validity, the STAX-SA was distributed to a sample of supported accommodation managers in England and they were asked to use it to classify their services. The final version of the STAX-SA comprised of five supported accommodation 'types', based on four domains; Staffing location; Level of support; Emphasis on move-on; and Physical setting. The STAX-SA accurately categorized 71.1% (n = 94) of service descriptions, outperforming the comparison tool, and was not affected by publication date or research design. The STAX-SA effectively discriminated between 'real world' service models in England and 53.2% (n = 17) of service managers indicated that the taxonomy was 'Very effective' or 'Extremely effective' in capturing key characteristics of their service. The STAX-SA is an effective tool for classifying supported accommodation models and represents a promising approach to synthesizing the extant effectiveness literature. The authors recommend the development of reporting guidelines for future supported accommodation publications to facilitate comparison between models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McPherson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Joanna Krotofil
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Helen Killaspy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London W1T 7NF, UK.
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