1
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Wang S, Liu C, Zhou Z. Government-enterprise green collaborative governance and urban carbon emission reduction: Empirical evidence from green PPP programs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119335. [PMID: 38849001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The reliance solely on the government or enterprises to promote climate governance is contingent upon the vested interests of economic entities and the regulatory bodies' efficiency in governance. Can the model of government-enterprise green collaborative governance evolve into a long-term mechanism for addressing the climate crisis and achieving the goals of sustainable development? By crawling data on public-private partnerships (PPP), employing ChatGPT to identify green PPP projects, and building a generalized difference-in-differences framework based on the Guidance on Building a Green Financial System issued in 2016, this present study investigates whether the involvement of private capital in government-led environmental and climate governance can effectively facilitate government-enterprise green collaborative governance, thereby mitigating urban carbon emissions. The study finds government-enterprise green collaborative governance can significantly reduce urban carbon emissions. The conclusion remains valid even after several rounds of robustness tests, including removing the influence of pertinent climate policies, adjusting the settings of independent and dependent variables, and removing self-selection issues. Heterogeneity tests show, on the first hand, the carbon emission reduction effect of government-enterprise green collaborative governance differs due to the differences in the characteristics of green PPP(Pubic-private partnership) projects such as project return mechanism, project investment volume, and project cooperation term; on the other hand, the carbon emission reduction effect also shows heterogeneity with various urban characteristics such as geographical location, city type and city size. Mechanism tests indicate government-enterprise green collaborative governance affects urban carbon emissions mainly through structural effects, technological effects and co-investment effects. This paper offers a valuable framework for effectively promoting environmental and climate co-governance between governmental bodies and enterprises, while enhancing the market's role in resource benefit allocation within climate governance to mitigate the risks associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Wang
- School of Statistics, JiLin University of Finance and Economics, ChangChun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Statistics, JiLin University of Finance and Economics, ChangChun, 130117, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Economics & Trade, Hunan University, Yuelu District, Hunan 410079, China.
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2
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Nunes C, McKee M, Howard N. The role of global health partnerships in vaccine equity: A scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002834. [PMID: 38386621 PMCID: PMC10883552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of global health partnerships (GHPs) towards the end of the twentieth century reflected concerns about slow progress in access to essential medicines, including vaccines. These partnerships bring together governments, private philanthropic foundations, NGOs, and international agencies. Those in the vaccine field seek to incentivise the development and manufacture of new vaccines, raise funds to pay for them and develop and support systems to deliver them to those in need. These activities became more critical during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the COVAX Facility Initiative promoting global vaccine equity. This review identifies lessons from previous experiences with GHPs. Findings contribute to understanding the emergence of GHPs, the mechanisms they leverage to support global access to vaccines, and the inherent challenges associated with their implementation. Using Arksey and O'Malley's method, we conducted a scoping review to identify and synthesise relevant articles. We analysed data thematically to identify barriers and opportunities for success. We included 68 eligible articles of 3,215 screened. Most (65 [95%]) were discussion or review articles describing partnerships or programmes they supported, and three (5%) were commentaries. Emerging themes included policy responses (e.g., immunisation mandates), different forms of partnerships arising in vaccine innovation (e.g., product development partnerships, public-private partnerships for access), and influence on global governance decision-making processes (e.g., the rising influence of foundations, diminishing authority of WHO, lack of accountability and transparency, creation of disease silos). If global health partnerships are to maximise their contributions, they should: (1) increase transparency, especially regarding their impacts; (2) address the need for health systems strengthening; and (3) address disincentives for cooperative vaccine research and development partnerships and encourage expansion of manufacturing capacity in low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnele Nunes
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McKee
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Howard
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Oyeyemi OT, Ogundahunsi O, Schunk M, Fatem RG, Shollenberger LM. Neglected tropical disease (NTD) diagnostics: current development and operations to advance control. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:1-24. [PMID: 37872790 PMCID: PMC10769148 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2272095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have become important public health threats that require multi-faceted control interventions. As late treatment and management of NTDs contribute significantly to the associated burdens, early diagnosis becomes an important component for surveillance and planning effective interventions. This review identifies common NTDs and highlights the progress in the development of diagnostics for these NTDs. Leveraging existing technologies to improve NTD diagnosis and improving current operational approaches for deployment of developed diagnostics are crucial to achieving the 2030 NTD elimination target. Point-of-care NTD (POC-NTD) diagnostic tools are recommended preferred diagnostic options in resource-constrained areas for mapping risk zones and monitoring treatment efficacy. However, few are currently available commercially. Technical training of remote health care workers on the use of POC-NTD diagnostics, and training of health workers on the psychosocial consequences of these diagnostics are critical in harnessing POC-NTD diagnostic potential. While the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the possibility of achieving NTD elimination in 2030 due to the disruption of healthcare services and dwindling financial support for NTDs, the possible contribution of NTDs in exacerbating COVID-19 pandemic should motivate NTD health system strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA
| | - Olumide Ogundahunsi
- The Central Office for Research and Development (CORD), University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Mirjam Schunk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU) institution, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramzy G. Fatem
- Schistosome Biological Supply Center, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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4
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Ma Z, Augustijn K, De Esch I, Bossink B. Public-private partnerships influencing the initiation and duration of clinical trials for neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011760. [PMID: 37956165 PMCID: PMC10681307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are often studied as an organizational form that facilitates the management and control of the huge costs of drug research and development. Especially the later stages of drug development, including clinical trials, become very expensive. This present study investigates whether and how the type of PPPs influences the initiation and duration of NTD clinical trials. Using the ClinicalTrials.gov database, a dataset of 1175 NTD clinical studies that started between 2000 and 2021 is analyzed based on affiliation information and project duration. For the NTD clinical trials that resulted from PPPs, the collaborating types were determined and analyzed, including the public sector-, private sector-, governmental sector-, and nongovernmental organization-led collaborations. The determinants for the discontinuation of all stopped clinical trials were categorized into scientific-, funding-, political-, and logistic dimensions. The results reveal that public sector-led PPPs were the most common collaborative types, and logistic and scientific issues were the most frequent determinants of stopped clinical trials. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Ma
- Breakthrough Tech Innovation research group, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Augustijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan De Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Bossink
- Breakthrough Tech Innovation research group, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Ma J, Zhang L, Li X, Shen J, Sun Y, Huang Y. China's innovation and research contribution to combating neglected diseases: a secondary analysis of China's public research data. Glob Health Res Policy 2023; 8:6. [PMID: 36915177 PMCID: PMC10010952 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many emerging and developing economies, such as China, have played the important roles in combating global neglected diseases (NDs). This study aims to explore China's public landscape of research projects and funding of NDs and to provide empirical evidence on promoting China's participation in addressing global health priorities that disproportionately affect developing countries. METHODS We systematically sourced China's public funding information from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and provincial science and technology agency websites up to August 16, 2019. Following the G-FINDER R&D scope, we screened projects of NDs for analysis. National-funded projects were reviewed on an annual basis for exploring the trends and distribution of funding flows. Information on provincial-funded projects was compared with national projects by disease, research type, and geographical distribution. RESULTS A total of 1266 projects were included for analysis and categorized by year, funding source, recipient, disease, research type, region, and province. China's national public funding for ND research reached a historical peak of USD 16.22 million in 2018. But the proportion of ND research to all public-funded projects was less than 0.5%, and over half of the ND projects were allocated to "the big three," i.e., tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. About 58% of national and provincial ND projects focus on basic research. Economically developed regions and municipalities play dominant roles in leading national ND research, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong. Provincial ND projects are primarily driven by endemic regions. CONCLUSIONS As a new emerging high-tech innovator, China has gradually increased public input to ND-related innovation and research. But there is still a large funding gap among NDs that requires China's increased support and participation. National development plans and cooperative health needs should be taken into account for China's participation in promoting global research and development (R&D) for combating NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Ma
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanchao Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Shen
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Sun
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangmu Huang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Goethals O, Voge NV, Kesteleyn B, Chaltin P, Jinks T, De Marez T, Koul A, Draghia-Akli R, Neyts J, Van Loock M. A pan-serotype antiviral to prevent and treat dengue: A journey from discovery to clinical development driven by public-private partnerships. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105495. [PMID: 36567021 PMCID: PMC9902276 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While progress has been made in fighting diseases disproportionally affecting underserved populations, unmet medical needs persist for many neglected tropical diseases. The World Health Organization has encouraged strong public-private partnerships to address this issue and several public and private organizations have set an example in the past showing a strong commitment to combat these diseases. Pharmaceutical companies are contributing in different ways to address the imbalance in research efforts. With this review, we exemplify the role of a public-private partnership in research and development by the journey of our dengue antiviral molecule that is now in early clinical development. We detail the different steps of drug development and outline the contribution of each partner to this process. Years of intensive collaboration resulted in the identification of two antiviral compounds, JNJ-A07 and JNJ-1802, the latter of which has advanced to clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethals
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Natalia V. Voge
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), KU Leuven, Bioincubator 2, Leuven, Belgium,Cistim Leuven vzw, Bioincubator 2, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tine De Marez
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Anil Koul
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ruxandra Draghia-Akli
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.
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7
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Babyar J. Trade, intellectual property, and the public health bearing. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2023; 12:123-132. [PMID: 36926369 PMCID: PMC10013560 DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2022.2062460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to describe the current fracture between global trade and public health priorities, as well as examine opportunities for harmonisation. A literature review of public health, global trade, and intellectual property articles describes several issues with recommendations. Currently, there is mixed quality of research and a lack of health impact assessments to accompany the global trade agenda. Human rights concepts continue in debate as flexibilities to trade laws remain without organised surveillance or evaluation. There are specific, relevant recommendations to implement a trade agenda inclusive of public health leadership. Recent trade and intellctual property advances in public health collaborations should be supported and continued. Trade groups should produce impact assessments before decisions on policies are made, with quality to the research. Lastly, a global research and development treaty should be an open, accessed path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Babyar
- RN, MPH, 136 Reliant Way American Canyon. CA 94503
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8
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Narbaev T. A META-ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP LITERATURE REVIEWS: EXPLORING THE IDENTITY OF THE FIELD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3846/ijspm.2022.17860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The growing literature in PPP has made the field multi-disciplinary, over-differentiated, and unconsolidated. Taking a meta-analysis lens, this study investigates an unexplored identity of the field. It consolidates 61 review articles in PPP, analyses them across numerous review categories, and provides implications and suggestions for future studies. The review categories include the purpose of study, methods used, dataset details, journal and author details, primary disciplinary focus, awareness of previous review studies, and evolution of the PPP review literature. The findings reveal that the literature progressed through four evolution phases: from initiation, formation, growth, to expansion. Future review works should involve more empirical studies and examine the practical relevance of the PPP research. Promising areas are PPP governance, complexity, post-transfer phases, sustainability-related issues, and real estate development through PPP. The PPP researchers in construction engineering and management, property management, public management, and transportation will benefit from understanding the field’s identity, how it is currently being formed, promising areas, and where the literature is evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Narbaev
- Business School, Kazakh-British Technical University, Tole bi 59, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan
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9
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Perez M, von Schnurbein G, Gehringer T. Mitigating health policy fragmentation through interlocks. The networks between American and Swiss public-private partnerships. Health Policy 2022; 126:1163-1172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Cama J, Leszczynski R, Tang PK, Khalid A, Lok V, Dowson CG, Ebata A. To Push or To Pull? In a Post-COVID World, Supporting and Incentivizing Antimicrobial Drug Development Must Become a Governmental Priority. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2029-2042. [PMID: 33606496 PMCID: PMC7931625 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has refocused attention worldwide on the dangers of infectious diseases, in terms of both global health and the effects on the world economy. Even in high income countries, health systems have been found wanting in dealing with the new infectious agent. However, the even greater long-term danger of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria and fungi is still under-appreciated, especially among the general public. Although antimicrobial drug development faces significant scientific challenges, the gravest challenge at the moment appears to be economic, where the lack of a viable market has led to a collapse in drug development pipelines. There is therefore a critical need for governments across the world to further incentivize the development of antimicrobials. Most incentive strategies over the past decade have focused on so-called "push" incentives that bridge the costs of antimicrobial research and development, but these have been insufficient for reviving the pipeline. In this Perspective, we analyze the current incentive strategies in place for antimicrobial drug development, and focus on "pull" incentives, which instead aim to improve revenue generation and thereby resolve the antimicrobial market failure challenge. We further analyze these incentives in a broader "One Health" context and stress the importance of developing and enforcing strict protocols to ensure appropriate manufacturing practices and responsible use. Our analysis reiterates the importance of international cooperation, coordination across antimicrobial research, and sustained funding in tackling this significant global challenge. A failure to invest wisely and continuously to incentivize antimicrobial pipelines will have catastrophic consequences for global health and wellbeing in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cama
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K.
- College
of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, U.K.
- ,
| | - R. Leszczynski
- Polygeia,
Global Health Student Think Tank, London, U.K.https://www.polygeia.com/
| | - P. K. Tang
- Polygeia,
Global Health Student Think Tank, London, U.K.https://www.polygeia.com/
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, Great
Maze Pond, London SE1 1UK, U.K.
| | - A. Khalid
- Polygeia,
Global Health Student Think Tank, London, U.K.https://www.polygeia.com/
- School
of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, U.K.
| | - V. Lok
- Polygeia,
Global Health Student Think Tank, London, U.K.https://www.polygeia.com/
- School of
Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - C. G. Dowson
- School
of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University
of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Antibiotic
Research U.K., Genesis 5, York Science Park, Heslington, York YO10 5DQ, U.K.
| | - A. Ebata
- Institute
of Development Studies, Library Road, Brighton BN1 9RE, U.K.
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11
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Elfar E, Asem N, Yousof H. The awareness of neglected tropical diseases in a sample of medical and nursing students in Cairo University, Egypt: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008826. [PMID: 33206641 PMCID: PMC7673504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of chronic diseases affecting 1.2 billion people worldwide, with more burden in the developing communities. Improving awareness about NTDs is a powerful affordable long-term intervention for infection control. In literature, there is a limited number of studies in the developing countries assessing the awareness of healthcare providers regarding these diseases. The present study aimed at assessing the awareness of a sample of Cairo University medical and nursing students regarding NTDs. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 184 medical and nursing students in Cairo University. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire in English language with an estimated completion time of 15 minutes was used for evaluation. It included question categories which cover the knowledge about NTDs and control measures as well as the willingness to participate in NTDs control activities. Content analysis was performed on the materials and specifications of the epidemiology course given to medical and nursing students. Out of the study participants, 26% knew the meaning of NTDs. The main source of their knowledge was social media followed by the epidemiology course. A percentage of 33% of the students agreed that NTDs are of public health importance in Egypt. Thirty four percent of the participants expressed their willingness to participate in control activities for NTDs. Comparing medical and nursing students, a higher percentage of the nursing students stated that NTDs are causing a public health problem in Egypt with a statistically significant difference (P value < 0.001), while a statistically significant higher percentage of medical students believed that the awareness level regarding NTDs in Egypt is low (P value = 0.002). Cairo University medical and nursing students in this study showed a gap in the level of knowledge regarding NTDs and their control activities which represents a great threat to the control of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Elfar
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Noha Asem
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Yousof
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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12
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López-López E, Barrientos-Salcedo C, Prieto-Martínez FD, Medina-Franco JL. In silico tools to study molecular targets of neglected diseases: inhibition of TcSir2rp3, an epigenetic enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 122:203-229. [PMID: 32951812 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to study and address neglected tropical diseases (NTD). To this end, in silico methods can serve as the bridge that connects academy and industry, encouraging the development of future treatments against these diseases. This chapter discusses current challenges in the development of new therapies, available computational methods and successful cases in computer-aided design with particular focus on human trypanosomiasis. Novel targets are also discussed. As a case study, we identify amentoflavone as a potential inhibitor of TcSir2rp3 (sirtuine) from Trypanosoma cruzi (20.03 μM) with a workflow that integrates chemoinformatic approaches, molecular modeling, and theoretical affinity calculations, as well as in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar López-López
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pharmacology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando D Prieto-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Sunyoto T. Partnerships for better neglected disease drug discovery and development: how have we fared? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:531-537. [PMID: 32129688 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1736550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In the field of neglected disease, mushrooming partnerships have changed the landscape in the last decades. With high diversity in participants, type, scope, and operational models, partnership becomes the ultimate choice for drug discovery and development. This paper aims to reflect on this phenomenon based on experiences and lessons learned, providing insights for the future.Areas covered: Lack of safe and effective drugs for neglected diseases stems from market and public policy failure. Combining resources, skills, and expertise justifies working collaboratively in the R&D quest. The advancement of public-private partnerships (PPP), including product development partnership (PDP) for neglected diseases, is described, herein, including the rationale behind their conception, evolution, expansion, and alternative approaches. The author also discusses the appeals and the pitfalls of partnership in this field.Expert opinion: The progressive partnerships in drug discovery and development for neglected diseases need to be encouraged, especially in alignment with an open science culture. Experiences in partnerships vary with bias for successful ones, rendering more rigorous evaluation and research necessary. Eventually, the focus of improving partnership should not only be on addressing discovery bottlenecks, but also safeguarding access and delivery. Expanding focus to include vaccines and diagnostics is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temmy Sunyoto
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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14
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Abstract
AbstractDuring three decades, only about 20 new drugs have been developed for malaria, tuberculosis and all neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This critical situation was reached because NTDs represent only 10% of health research investments; however, they comprise about 90% of the global disease burden. Computational simulations applied in virtual screening (VS) strategies are very efficient tools to identify pharmacologically active compounds or new indications for drugs already administered for other diseases. One of the advantages of this approach is the low time-consuming and low-budget first stage, which filters for testing experimentally a group of candidate compounds with high chances of binding to the target and present trypanocidal activity. In this work, we review the most common VS strategies that have been used for the identification of new drugs with special emphasis on those applied to trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Computational simulations based on the selected protein targets or their ligands are explained, including the method selection criteria, examples of successful VS campaigns applied to NTDs, a list of validated molecular targets for drug development and repositioned drugs for trypanosomatid-caused diseases. Thereby, here we present the state-of-the-art of VS and drug repurposing to conclude pointing out the future perspectives in the field.
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15
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Engels D, Zhou XN. Neglected tropical diseases: an effective global response to local poverty-related disease priorities. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:10. [PMID: 31987053 PMCID: PMC6986060 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-0630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have long been overlooked in the global health agenda. They are intimately related to poverty, cause important local burdens of disease, but individually do not represent global priorities. Yet, NTDs were estimated to affect close to 2 billion people at the turn of the millennium, with a collective burden equivalent to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or malaria. A global response was therefore warranted. Main text The World Health Organization (WHO) conceived an innovative strategy in the early 2000s to combat NTDs as a group of diseases, based on a combination of five public health interventions. Access to essential NTD medicines has hugely improved thanks to strong public-private partnership involving the pharmaceutical sector. The combination of a WHO NTD roadmap with clear targets to be achieved by 2020 and game-changing partner commitments endorsed in the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, have led to unprecedented progress in the implementation of large-scale preventive treatment, case management and care of NTDs. The coming decade will see as challenges the mainstreaming of these NTD interventions into Universal Health Coverage and the coordination with other sectors to get to the roots of poverty and scale up transmission-breaking interventions. Chinese expertise with the elimination of multiple NTDs, together with poverty reduction and intersectoral action piloted by municipalities and local governments, can serve as a model for the latter. The international community will also need to keep a specific focus on NTDs in order to further steer this global response, manage the scaling up and sustainment of NTD interventions globally, and develop novel products and implementation strategies for NTDs that are still lagging behind. Conclusions The year 2020 will be crucial for the future of the global response to NTDs. Progress against the 2020 roadmap targets will be assessed, a new 2021–2030 NTD roadmap will be launched, and the London Declaration commitments will need to be renewed. It is hoped that during the coming decade the global response will be able to further build on today’s successes, align with the new global health and development frameworks, but also keep focused attention on NTDs and mobilize enough resources to see the effort effectively through to 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Engels
- Uniting to Combat NTDs Support Centre, Geneva, Switzerland. .,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,World Health Organization Collaborative Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,World Health Organization Collaborative Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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16
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Umeh CA, Rockers PC, Laing RO, Wagh O, Wirtz VJ. Pharmaceutical industry-led partnerships focused on addressing the global burden of non-communicable diseases: a review of Access Accelerated. Public Health 2020; 181:73-79. [PMID: 31958672 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In spite of the increasing number of global health partnerships led by biopharmaceutical companies, there is a paucity of information on the number, type, and role of partners. This paper aims to analyze partnerships carrying out company programs included in Access Accelerated, a new industry initiative, focused on addressing the global non-communicable disease burden. STUDY DESIGN Document review and content analysis. METHODS We extracted data on the number, type, and role of partners from 63 company programs reported into the Access Observatory, a public platform for reporting on access-to-medicines programs, in 2017. We did a descriptive analysis of the proportion of partners by sector, institution, and location. We used the Fischer's exact test to analyze the relationship between the program strategies, disease focus, and countries with the type of program partners. Based on our empirical findings, we developed a typology of program partnerships, according to which we categorized each of the 63 programs. RESULTS Programs worked with three partners on average, the majority of which were local governmental or non-governmental organizations (70%). Most programs focused on health service strengthening (83%), community awareness and linkage to care (81%), and health service delivery (60%). Twenty-six of the 63 programs (41%) worked with the local Ministries of Health while 25 (40%) partnered with disease-specific organizations, 21 (33%) with hospitals, and 16 (25%) with academic institutions. Partnering with the Ministries of Health was significantly associated with the use of a health service strengthening program strategy (P = 0.02). Partnering with a hospital (P = 0.004) or private sector partner (P = 0.0009) was significantly associated with a program disease focus on cancer. Seventy-nine percent of the programs were solely funded by pharmaceutical companies. According to our program typology, 40 (63%) programs partnered directly or indirectly with multiple implementing organizations, which delivered the program directly to beneficiaries. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical companies play a leading role in funding Access Accelerated programs with local governmental or non-governmental organizations mainly involved in program implementation. A detailed and transparent reporting of the role of local stakeholders in agenda setting, planning, and coordination of programs is needed to ensure public trust and accountability of programs led by pharmaceutical companies. More research is needed to identify the partnerships that are particularly suitable to promote efficient implementation, evaluation, and reporting depending on the nature of the program and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Umeh
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - P C Rockers
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA.
| | - R O Laing
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA; School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O Wagh
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - V J Wirtz
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
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Valera-Vera EA, Sayé M, Reigada C, Miranda MR, Pereira CA. In silico repositioning of etidronate as a potential inhibitor of the Trypanosoma cruzi enolase. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 95:107506. [PMID: 31821935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate. In trypanosomatids, enolase was proposed as a key enzyme after in silico and in vivo analysis and it was validated as a protein essential for the survival of the parasite. Therefore, enolase constitutes an interesting enzyme target for the identification of drugs against Chagas disease. In this work, a combined virtual screening strategy was implemented, employing similarity virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. First, two known enolase inhibitors and the enzyme substrates were used as queries for the similarity screening on the Sweetlead database using five different algorithms. Compounds retrieved in the top 10 of at least three search algorithms were selected for further analysis, resulting in six compounds of medical use (etidronate, pamidronate, fosfomycin, acetohydroxamate, triclofos, and aminohydroxybutyrate). Molecular docking simulations and pose re-scoring predicted that binding with acetohydroxamate and triclofos would be weak, while fosfomycin and aminohydroxybutyrate predicted binding is experimentally implausible. Docking poses obtained for etidronate, pamidronate, and PEP were used for molecular dynamics calculations to describe their mode of binding. From the obtained results, we propose etidronate as a potential TcENO inhibitor and describe molecular motifs to be taken into account in the repurposing or design of drugs targeting this enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Valera-Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Sayé
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chantal Reigada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana R Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio A Pereira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Galière M, Peyre M, Muñoz F, Poupaud M, Dehove A, Roger F, Dieuzy-Labaye I. Typological analysis of public-private partnerships in the veterinary domain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224079. [PMID: 31671123 PMCID: PMC6822735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are defined as a collaborative approach in which the public and private sector share resources, responsibilities and risks to achieve common objectives and mutual benefits in a sustainable manner. PPPs are identified as a key solution to reinforce Veterinary Services. However only limited information is available on the scope, added value and enabling factors of PPPs in this sector. The aims of this study were to develop a typology of PPPs in the veterinary field and to identify key success factors and obstacles to their implementation. A structured questionnaire was sent to all 181 World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Member Countries and to 47 private contacts. 36 different variables characterizing PPP initiatives were collected. 97 examples of PPPs were retrieved from 76 countries. Dimensionality reduction techniques were combined with clustering and discrimination methods to establish a typology of PPPs and to derive a set of simple rules to classify new instances of PPPs. Three clusters were identified, separated according to two main variables: the type of private partners and the type of interaction. Cluster 1, transactional PPPs, represented the traditional understanding of PPPs by Veterinary Services, initiated and funded by the public sector, giving service delivery accreditation to mostly private veterinarians; cluster 2, collaborative PPPs, included partnerships between producer associations and public Veterinary Services, driven by trade interests; cluster 3, transformational PPPs, represented joint programs initiated and funded by private companies and initially driven by business development objectives. Specific success factors and key obstacles affecting the performances and sustainability of these initiatives were identified for each cluster. This study represents the first practical attempt to develop a meaningful typology of PPPs in the field of animal health and to identify fundamental obstacles currently inhibiting the development of PPPs, and suggests ways to support national Veterinary Services in overcoming these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Galière
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Marisa Peyre
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (MP); (IDL)
| | - Facundo Muñoz
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariline Poupaud
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Dehove
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - François Roger
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Berner-Rodoreda A, Rehfuess EA, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Cobelens F, Raviglione M, Flahault A, Casamitjana N, Fröschl G, Skordis-Worral J, Abubakar I, Ashrafian H, Agardh A, Visser L, Schultsz C, Plasència A, Jahn A, Norton R, van Leeuwen R, Hagander L, Bärnighausen T. Where is the 'global' in the European Union's Health Research and Innovation Agenda? BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001559. [PMID: 31646008 PMCID: PMC6781967 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Global Health has not featured as prominently in the European Union (EU) research agenda in recent years as it did in the first decade of the new millennium, and participation of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in EU health research has declined substantially. The Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Framework adopted by the European Parliament in April 2019 for the period 2021-2027 will serve as an important funding instrument for health research, yet the proposed health research budget to be finalised towards the end of 2019 was reduced from 10% in the current framework, Horizon 2020, to 8% in Horizon Europe. Our analysis takes the evolvement of Horizon Europe from the initial framework of June 2018 to the framework agreed on in April 2019 into account. It shows that despite some improvements in terms of Global Health and reference to the Sustainable Development Goals, European industrial competitiveness continues to play a paramount role, with Global Health research needs and relevant health research for LMICs being only partially addressed. We argue that the globally interconnected nature of health and the transdisciplinary nature of health research need to be fully taken into account and acted on in the new European Research and Innovation Framework. A facilitated global research collaboration through Horizon Europe could ensure that Global Health innovations and solutions benefit all parts of the world including EU countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Berner-Rodoreda
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Annette Rehfuess
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank Cobelens
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Raviglione
- Global Health Centre, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Núria Casamitjana
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Günter Fröschl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU München, München, Germany
| | | | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anette Agardh
- Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leo Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antoni Plasència
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albrecht Jahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robyn Norton
- The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Remko van Leeuwen
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Hagander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Somkhele and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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20
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Krishnapillai V, Sreedevi A, Ramakrishnan D. From Neglect to Equity vis-a-vis Noncommunicable Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases. Indian J Community Med 2019; 44:S1-S2. [PMID: 31728078 PMCID: PMC6824170 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_304_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aswathy Sreedevi
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devraj Ramakrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
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21
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Cianni L, Feldmann CW, Gilberg E, Gütschow M, Juliano L, Leitão A, Bajorath J, Montanari CA. Can Cysteine Protease Cross-Class Inhibitors Achieve Selectivity? J Med Chem 2019; 62:10497-10525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cianni
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfgang Feldmann
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luiz Juliano
- A. C. Camargo Cancer Center and São Paulo Medical School of Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, 01509-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Montanari
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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22
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Lombardo FC, Pasche V, Panic G, Endriss Y, Keiser J. Life cycle maintenance and drug-sensitivity assays for early drug discovery in Schistosoma mansoni. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:461-481. [PMID: 30610241 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for schistosomiasis is still limited to a handful of academic laboratories worldwide, with only a few novel antischistosomal lead compounds being actively researched. Despite recent international mobilization against the disease to stimulate and promote antischistosomal drug discovery, setting up a drug-screening flow with schistosome parasites remains challenging. Whereas numerous different protocols to obtain and cultivate schistosomes have been published, those describing the drug-screening process are scarce, and none gather together parasite cultivation and early drug discovery procedures. To help overcome this hurdle, we provide here a set of integrated methods either adapted from already-published protocols or based on our long-term experience in schistosomiasis research. Specifically, we detail the establishment and maintenance of the complex and several-week-long Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in a laboratory setting, as well as the means of retrieving and culturing the parasites at their relevant life stages. The in vitro and in vivo assays that are performed along the drug-screening cascade are also described. In these assays, which can be performed within 5 d, the effect of a drug is determined by phenotypic assessment of the parasites' viability and morphology, for which stage-specific scoring scales are proposed. Finally, the modalities for testing and evaluating a compound in vivo, constituting a procedure lasting up to 10 weeks, are presented in order to go from in vitro hit identification to the selection of early lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio C Lombardo
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valérian Pasche
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Panic
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Endriss
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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González-García J. Progress in Antiparasitic Drug Discovery: From the Laboratory Bench to the Collaborative Initiatives. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 18:2199-2200. [DOI: 10.2174/156802661826190124115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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