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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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2
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Lye J, Delaney DS, Leith FK, Sardesai VS, McLenachan S, Chen FK, Atlas MD, Wong EYM. Recent Therapeutic Progress and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Hearing Loss. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3347. [PMID: 38137568 PMCID: PMC10741758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from various forms of hearing loss, with an additional 1.1 billion people at risk from various insults such as increased consumption of recreational noise-emitting devices and ageing. The most common type of hearing impairment is sensorineural hearing loss caused by the degeneration or malfunction of cochlear hair cells or spiral ganglion nerves in the inner ear. There is currently no cure for hearing loss. However, emerging frontier technologies such as gene, drug or cell-based therapies offer hope for an effective cure. In this review, we discuss the current therapeutic progress for the treatment of hearing loss. We describe and evaluate the major therapeutic approaches being applied to hearing loss and summarize the key trials and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Lye
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Derek S. Delaney
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Fiona K. Leith
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Varda S. Sardesai
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.M.); (F.K.C.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.M.); (F.K.C.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Vitroretinal Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elaine Y. M. Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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3
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Fan B, Lu F, Du WJ, Chen J, An XG, Wang RF, Li W, Song YL, Zha DJ, Chen FQ. PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadium protects against noise-induced hearing loss. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1601-1606. [PMID: 36571368 PMCID: PMC10075117 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) participates in the regulation of cochlear hair cell survival. Bisperoxovanadium protects against neurodegeneration by inhibiting PTEN expression. However, whether bisperoxovanadium can protect against noise-induced hearing loss and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model of noise-induced hearing loss by exposure to 105 dB sound for 2 hours. We found that PTEN expression was increased in the organ of Corti, including outer hair cells, inner hair cells, and lateral wall tissues. Intraperitoneal administration of bisperoxovanadium decreased the auditory threshold and the loss of cochlear hair cells and inner hair cell ribbons. In addition, noise exposure decreased p-PI3K and p-Akt levels. Bisperoxovanadium preconditioning or PTEN knockdown upregulated the activity of PI3K-Akt. Bisperoxovanadium also prevented H2O2-induced hair cell death by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation in cochlear explants. These findings suggest that bisperoxovanadium reduces noise-induced hearing injury and reduces cochlear hair cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Jia Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Gang An
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ren-Feng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Li Song
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Jun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fu-Quan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Wu F, Sambamurti K, Sha S. Current Advances in Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Therapy to Prevent Acquired Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:569-578. [PMID: 36002664 PMCID: PMC9613825 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are viral vectors that offer an excellent platform for gene therapy due to their safety profile, persistent gene expression in non-dividing cells, target cell specificity, lack of pathogenicity, and low immunogenicity. Recently, gene therapy for genetic hearing loss with AAV transduction has shown promise in animal models. However, AAV transduction for gene silencing or expression to prevent or manage acquired hearing loss is limited. This review provides an overview of AAV as a leading gene delivery vector for treating genetic hearing loss in animal models. We highlight the advantages and shortcomings of AAV for investigating the mechanisms and preventing acquired hearing loss. We predict that AAV-mediated gene manipulation will be able to prevent acquired hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Room 403-E, 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Suhua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Room 403-E, 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Nacher-Soler G, Marteyn A, Barenzung N, Sgroi S, Krause KH, Senn P, Rousset F. Development and in vivo validation of small interfering RNAs targeting NOX3 to prevent sensorineural hearing loss. Front Neurol 2022; 13:993017. [PMID: 36188374 PMCID: PMC9523672 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.993017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzyme NOX3 has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of several acquired forms of sensorineural hearing loss, including cisplatin-, noise- and age-related hearing loss. NOX3 is highly and specifically expressed in the inner ear and therefore represents an attractive target for specific intervention aiming at otoprotection. Despite the strong rationale to inhibit NOX3, there is currently no specific pharmacological inhibitor available. Molecular therapy may represent a powerful alternative. In this study, we developed and tested a collection of small interfering (si) RNA constructs to establish a proof of concept of NOX3 inhibition through local delivery in the mouse inner ear. The inhibitory potential of 10 different siRNA constructs was first assessed in three different cells lines expressing the NOX3 complex. Efficacy of the most promising siRNA construct to knock-down NOX3 was then further assessed in vivo, comparing middle ear delivery and direct intracochlear delivery through the posterior semi-circular canal. While hearing was completely preserved through the intervention, a significant downregulation of NOX3 expression in the mouse inner ear and particularly in the spiral ganglion area at clinically relevant levels (>60%) was observed 48 h after treatment. In contrast to successful intracochlear delivery, middle ear administration of siRNA failed to significantly inhibit Nox3 mRNA expression. In conclusion, intracochlear delivery of NOX3-siRNAs induces a robust temporal NOX3 downregulation, which could be of relevance to prevent predictable acute insults such as cisplatin chemotherapy-mediated ototoxicity and other forms of acquired hearing loss, including post-prevention of noise-induced hearing loss immediately after trauma. Successful translation of our concept into an eventual clinical use in humans will depend on the development of atraumatic and efficient delivery routes into the cochlea without a risk to induce hearing loss through the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Nacher-Soler
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: German Nacher-Soler
| | - Antoine Marteyn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Barenzung
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Sgroi
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Senn
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of ORL and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francis Rousset
- The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wu F, Hill K, Fang Q, He Z, Zheng H, Wang X, Xiong H, Sha SH. Traumatic-noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss is mediated by activation of CaMKKβ. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:249. [PMID: 35438341 PMCID: PMC9844253 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases (CaMKKs) are serine/threonine-directed protein kinases that are activated following increases in intracellular calcium, playing a critical role in neuronal signaling. Inner-ear-trauma-induced calcium overload in sensory hair cells has been well documented in the pathogenesis of traumatic noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss, but there are no established pharmaceutical therapies available due to a lack of specific therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the activation of CaMKKβ in the inner ear after traumatic noise exposure and assessed the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) with RNA silencing. RESULTS Treatment with short hairpin RNA of CaMKKβ (shCaMKKβ) via adeno-associated virus transduction significantly knocked down CaMKKβ expression in the inner ear. Knockdown of CaMKKβ significantly attenuated noise-induced hair cell loss and hearing loss (NIHL). Additionally, pretreatment with naked CaMKKβ small interfering RNA (siCaMKKβ) attenuated noise-induced losses of inner hair cell synapses and OHCs and NIHL. Furthermore, traumatic noise exposure activates CaMKKβ in OHCs as demonstrated by immunolabeling for p-CaMKI. CaMKKβ mRNA assessed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and immunolabeling for CaMKKβ in OHCs also increased after the exposure. Finally, pretreatment with siCaMKKβ diminished noise-induced activation of AMPKα in OHCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that traumatic-noise-induced OHC loss and hearing loss occur primarily via activation of CaMKKβ. Targeting CaMKKβ is a key strategy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, our data suggest that noise-induced activation of AMPKα in OHCs occurs via the CaMKKβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kayla Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xianren Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Su-Hua Sha • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine • Medical University of South Carolina • Walton Research Building, Room 403-E • 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Telephone: 843-792-8324; Fax: 843-792-0368;
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7
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Taylor JP, Tse HM. The role of NADPH oxidases in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102159. [PMID: 34627721 PMCID: PMC8487856 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an electron donor. There are seven enzymes in the NOX family: NOX1-5 and dual oxidase (DUOX) 1-2. NOX enzymes in humans play important roles in diverse biological functions and vary in expression from tissue to tissue. Importantly, NOX2 is involved in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including regulation of type I interferons, the inflammasome, phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and cell signaling. DUOX1 and DUOX2 play important roles in innate immune defenses at epithelial barriers. This review discusses the role of NOX enzymes in normal physiological processes as well as in disease. NOX enzymes are important in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and have also been implicated in acute lung injury caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Targeting NOX enzymes directly or through scavenging free radicals may be useful therapies for autoimmunity and acute lung injury where oxidative stress contributes to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared P Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is the most common birth defect, estimated to affect 2-3 in every 1000 births. Currently there is no cure for hearing loss. Treatment options are limited to hearing aids for mild and moderate cases, and cochlear implants for severe and profound hearing loss. Here we provide a literature overview of the environmental and genetic causes of congenital hearing loss, common animal models and methods used for hearing research, as well as recent advances towards developing therapies to treat congenital deafness. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Renauld
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martin L Basch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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9
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Zheng Z, Zeng S, Liu C, Li W, Zhao L, Cai C, Nie G, He Y. The DNA methylation inhibitor RG108 protects against noise-induced hearing loss. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:751-771. [PMID: 33723744 PMCID: PMC8490244 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Noise-induced hearing loss represents a commonly diagnosed type of hearing disability, severely impacting the quality of life of individuals. The current work is aimed at assessing the effects of DNA methylation on noise-induced hearing loss. Methods Blocking DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) activity with a selective inhibitor RG108 or silencing DNMT1 with siRNA was used in this study. Auditory brainstem responses were measured at baseline and 2 days after trauma in mice to assess auditory functions. Whole-mount immunofluorescent staining and confocal microcopy of mouse inner ear specimens were performed to analyze noise-induced damage in cochleae and the auditory nerve at 2 days after noise exposure. Results The results showed that noise exposure caused threshold elevation of auditory brainstem responses and cochlear hair cell loss. Whole-mount cochlea staining revealed a reduction in the density of auditory ribbon synapses between inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity via a non-nucleoside specific pharmacological inhibitor, RG108, or silencing of DNA methyltransferase-1 with siRNA significantly attenuated ABR threshold elevation, hair cell damage, and the loss of auditory synapses. Conclusions This study suggests that inhibition of DNMT1 ameliorates noise-induced hearing loss and indicates that DNMT1 may be a promising therapeutic target. Graphical abstract Graphical Headlights • RG108 protected against noise-induced hearing loss • RG108 administration protected against noise-induced hair cell loss and auditory neural damage. • RG108 administration attenuated oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and subsequent apoptosis-mediated cell loss in the cochlea after noise exposure. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10565-021-09596-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen Li
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chengfu Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology and Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China.
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10
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He ZH, Pan S, Zheng HW, Fang QJ, Hill K, Sha SH. Treatment With Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506 Attenuates Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648461. [PMID: 33777956 PMCID: PMC7994600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuation of noise-induced hair cell loss and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) by treatment with FK506 (tacrolimus), a calcineurin (CaN/PP2B) inhibitor used clinically as an immunosuppressant, has been previously reported, but the downstream mechanisms of FK506-attenuated NIHL remain unknown. Here we showed that CaN immunolabeling in outer hair cells (OHCs) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c4 (NFATc4/NFAT3) in OHC nuclei are significantly increased after moderate noise exposure in adult CBA/J mice. Consequently, treatment with FK506 significantly reduces moderate-noise-induced loss of OHCs and NIHL. Furthermore, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by moderate noise was significantly diminished by treatment with FK506. In agreement with our previous finding that autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) does not change in OHCs under conditions of moderate-noise-induced permanent threshold shifts, treatment with FK506 increases LC3B immunolabeling in OHCs after exposure to moderate noise. Additionally, prevention of NIHL by treatment with FK506 was partially abolished by pretreatment with LC3B small interfering RNA. Taken together, these results indicate that attenuation of moderate-noise-induced OHC loss and hearing loss by FK506 treatment occurs not only via inhibition of CaN activity but also through inhibition of ROS and activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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11
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Rodrigues JC, Bachi ALL, Silva GAV, Rossi M, do Amaral JB, Lezirovitz K, de Brito R. New Insights on the Effect of TNF Alpha Blockade by Gene Silencing in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082692. [PMID: 32294929 PMCID: PMC7215896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure represents the second most common cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss and we observed that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was involved in this context. The effect of Tnfα gene silencing on the expression profile related to the TNFα metabolic pathway in an experimental model of noise-induced hearing loss had not previously been studied. Methods: Single ears of Wistar rats were pretreated with Tnfα small interfering RNA (siRNA) by trans-tympanic administration 24 h before they were exposed to white noise (120 dBSPL for three hours). After 24 h of noise exposure, we analyzed the electrophysiological threshold and the amplitude of waves I, II, III, and IV in the auditory brain response click. In addition, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the TNFα metabolic pathway in the ears submitted or not to gene silencing. Results: Preservation of the electrophysiological threshold and the amplitude of waves was observed in the ears submitted to gene silencing compared to the ears not treated. Increased anti-apoptotic gene expression and decreased pro-apoptotic gene expression were found in the treated ears. Conclusion: Our results allow us to suggest that the blockade of TNFα by gene silencing was useful to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína C. Rodrigues
- Clinical Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (K.L.); (R.d.B.)
- Laboratory of Otolaryngology (LIM32), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - André L. L. Bachi
- ENT Research Lab. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo. (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP 04039-032, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (M.R.); (J.B.d.A.)
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos 12245-520, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Gleiciele A. V. Silva
- Laboratory of Otolaryngology (LIM32), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- ENT Research Lab. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo. (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP 04039-032, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (M.R.); (J.B.d.A.)
| | - Jonatas B. do Amaral
- ENT Research Lab. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo. (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP 04039-032, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (M.R.); (J.B.d.A.)
| | - Karina Lezirovitz
- Clinical Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (K.L.); (R.d.B.)
- Laboratory of Otolaryngology (LIM32), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Rubens de Brito
- Clinical Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (K.L.); (R.d.B.)
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12
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Fan B, Wang J, Zha D, Qiu J, Chen F. ATP depletion induced cochlear hair cells death through histone deacetylation in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2020; 727:134918. [PMID: 32200029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown histone modifications being present in cochlear hair cells in animal models of hearing loss. Our past studies have shown that ATP depletion, histone deacetylase (HDAC) upregulation, and histone deacetylation occur in cochlea after noise exposure, and these are linked to hair cell death. Whether ATP depletion correlates with the expression level of HDACs and acetylation of histones is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes in the expression of HDACs and the level of histone acetylation in cochlear hair cells using an ATP-depleted explant culture of mouse organ of Corti. We found that the expression of HDAC3 and HDAC6 increased and hair cells were lost after oligomycin A (OA) treatment. Meanwhile, the acetylation level of histone H2B reduced. However, when oligomycin was combined with an HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), the acetylation level of histone H3 was restored. Moreover, combined treatment of oligomycin and TSA or sodium butyrate (NaB) attenuated oligomycin-induced cochlear hair cell loss. In conclusion, our results indicated that ATP depletion led to histone deacetylation and eventually resulted in hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Ogier JM, Lockhart PJ, Burt RA. Intravenously delivered aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin, are not ototoxic in mice. Hear Res 2020; 386:107870. [PMID: 31864009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs on the World Health Organization's list of critical medicines are ototoxic, destroying sensory hair cells within the ear. These drugs preserve life, but patients can experience side effects including permanent hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity was first recognised 80 years ago. However, no preventative treatments have been developed. In order to develop such treatments, we must identify the factors driving hair cell death. In vivo, studies of cell death are typically conducted using mouse models. However, a robust model of aminoglycoside ototoxicity does not exist. Previous studies testing aminoglycoside delivery via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection have produced variable ototoxic effects in the mouse. As a result, surgical drug delivery to the rodent ear is often used to achieve ototoxicity. However, this technique does not accurately model clinical practice. In the clinic, aminoglycosides are administered to humans intravenously (i.v.). However, repeated i.v. delivery has not been reported in the mouse. This study evaluated whether repeated i.v. administration of amikacin or tobramycin would induce hearing loss. Daily i.v. injections over a two-week period were well tolerated and transient low frequency hearing loss was observed in the aminoglycoside treatment groups. However, the hearing changes observed did not mimic the high frequency patterns of hearing loss observed in humans. Our results indicate that the i.v. delivery of tobramycin or amikacin is not an effective technique for inducing ototoxicity in mice. This result is consistent with previously published reports indicating that the mouse cochlea is resistant to systemically delivered aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ogier
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burt
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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14
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Effects of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Particulate Matter-Induced Damages in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4357684. [PMID: 31814835 PMCID: PMC6878801 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4357684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PL-MSCs) on particulate matter- (PM-) exposed human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). HMEECs were treated with 300 μg/ml PM for 24 hours. The PL-MSCs were cocultured with PM-treated HMEECs. Cells were harvested on days 0, 1, and 4, and the expression of the inflammatory genes TNFα, COX2, IL1β, IL6, and MUC5B in HMEECs and anti-inflammatory genes PTGES, TGFβ, and VEGF in PL-MSCs was examined by qRT-PCR. The culture media were collected to measure the secreted PGE2 level using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of TNFα, COX2, IL1β, IL6, and MUC5B in HMEECs increased following PM treatment. PM-treated HMEECs cocultured with PL-MSCs showed alleviated inflammatory reactions represented by lower mRNA expression levels of MUC5B, TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 compared to monocultured PM-treated HMEECs. The mRNA expression levels of PGE2, TGFβ, and VEGF were elevated in cocultured PL-MSCs compared to those of control PL-MSCs. The medium of PM-treated HMEECs cocultured with PL-MSCs exhibited increased PGE2 levels. The increased inflammatory response in PM-treated HMEECs was reversed using PL-MSCs. The PGE2, TGFβ, and VEGF were the mediators of the anti-inflammatory effects of PL-MSCs.
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15
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Ohlemiller KK. Mouse methods and models for studies in hearing. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3668. [PMID: 31795658 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory mice have become the dominant animal model for hearing research. The mouse cochlea operates according to standard "mammalian" principles, uses the same cochlear cell types, and exhibits the same types of injury as found in other mammals. The typical mouse lifespan is less than 3 years, yet the age-associated pathologies that may be found are quite similar to longer-lived mammals. All Schuknecht's types of presbycusis have been identified in existing mouse lines, some favoring hair cell loss while others favor strial degeneration. Although noise exposure generally affects the mouse cochlea in a manner similar to other mammals, mice appear more prone to permanent alterations to hair cells or the organ of Corti than to hair cell loss. Therapeutic compounds may be applied systemically or locally through the tympanic membrane or onto (or through) the round window membrane. The thinness of the mouse cochlear capsule and annular ligament may promote drug entry from the middle ear, although an extremely active middle ear lining may quickly remove most drugs. Preclinical testing of any therapeutic will always require tests in multiple animal models. Mice constitute one model providing supporting evidence for any therapeutic, while genetically engineered mice can test hypotheses about mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf at Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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16
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Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have shown potential as therapeutic molecules for the treatment of inner ear dysfunction. The peripheral sensory organs responsible for both hearing and equilibrium are housed within the inner ear. Hearing loss and vestibular balance problems affect a large portion of the population and limited treatment options exist. Targeting ASOs to the inner ear as a therapeutic strategy has unique pharmacokinetic and drug delivery opportunities and challenges. Here, we review ASO technology, delivery, disease targets, and other key considerations for development of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Science and Medicine, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Timothy A Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 304 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase G9a Attenuates Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy and Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2019; 20:217-232. [PMID: 30710318 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-019-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of histones alters their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins, influencing gene expression and cell fate. In this study, we investigated the effect of G9a (KMT1C, EHMT2), a major histone lysine methyltransferase encoded by the human EHMT2 gene and responsible for histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) on noise-induced permanent hearing loss (NIHL) in adult CBA/J mice. The conditions of noise exposure used in this study led to losses of cochlear synapses and outer hair cells (OHCs) and permanent auditory threshold shifts. Inhibition of G9a with its specific inhibitor BIX 01294 or with siRNA significantly attenuated these pathological features. Treatment with BIX 01294 also prevented the noise-induced decrease of KCNQ4 immunolabeling in OHCs. Additionally, G9a was increased in cochlear cells, including both outer and inner sensory hair cells, some spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and marginal cells, 1 h after the completion of the noise exposure. Also subsequent to noise exposure, immunoreactivity for H3K9me2 appeared in some nuclei of OHCs following a high-to-low frequency gradient with more labeled OHCs in the 45-kHz than the 32-kHz region, as well as in the marginal cells and in some SGNs of the basal turn. These findings suggest that epigenetic modifications of H3K9me2 are involved in NIHL and that pharmacological targeting of G9a may offer a strategy for protection against cochlear synaptopathy and NIHL.
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Wang X, Zhu Y, Long H, Pan S, Xiong H, Fang Q, Hill K, Lai R, Yuan H, Sha SH. Mitochondrial Calcium Transporters Mediate Sensitivity to Noise-Induced Losses of Hair Cells and Cochlear Synapses. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:469. [PMID: 30670946 PMCID: PMC6331433 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria modulate cellular calcium homeostasis by the combined action of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a selective calcium entry channel, and the sodium calcium exchanger (NCLX), which extrudes calcium from mitochondria. In this study, we investigated MCU and NCLX in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) using adult CBA/J mice and noise-induced alterations of inner hair cell (IHC) synapses in MCU knockout mice. Following noise exposure, immunoreactivity of MCU increased in cochlear sensory hair cells of the basal turn, while immunoreactivity of NCLX decreased in a time- and exposure-dependent manner. Inhibition of MCU activity via MCU siRNA pretreatment or the specific pharmacological inhibitor Ru360 attenuated noise-induced loss of sensory hair cells and synaptic ribbons, wave I amplitudes, and NIHL in CBA/J mice. This protection was afforded, at least in part, through reduced cleavage of caspase 9 (CC9). Furthermore, MCU knockout mice on a hybrid genetic CD1 and C57/B6 background showed resistance to noise-induced seizures compared to wild-type littermates. Owing to the CD1 background, MCU knockouts and littermates suffer genetic high frequency hearing loss, but their IHCs remain intact. Noise-induced loss of IHC synaptic connections and reduction of auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitude were recovered in MCU knockout mice. These results suggest that cellular calcium influx during noise exposure leads to mitochondrial calcium overload via MCU and NCLX. Mitochondrial calcium overload, in turn, initiates cell death pathways and subsequent loss of hair cells and synaptic connections, resulting in NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianren Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanping Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haishan Long
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Song Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kayla Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ruosha Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hu Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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19
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Silva SA, Maass JC. p27 Kip1 down-regulation as achieved by two clinically feasible means did not induce proliferation of supporting cells in the rat neonatal cochlea in vivo. Hear Res 2018; 373:10-22. [PMID: 30578960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the cochlear sensory epithelium becomes quiescent early during development. After the first postnatal week, there is no cell replacement or proliferation, and severe damage leads to permanent deafness. Supporting cells' trans-differentiation has been suggested as a way to regenerate cochlear hair cells after damage. However, they are also needed for proper functionality. Cdkn1b (p27Kip1) participates in the cochlear terminal mitosis state achieved during development. Its expression is maintained in adult supporting cells and its postnatal deletion has induced cochlear proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, its manipulation has been proposed as a feasible way to induce proliferation of supporting cells after birth. Nevertheless, the literature is scarce regarding feasible methods to directly decrease p27Kip1 in the clinical domain. The effects of p27Kip1 knockdown using viral vectors are not completely elucidated and no pharmacological approaches to decrease p27Kip1 in the cochlea have been tested in vivo before. This study explores the ability of p27Kip1 messenger knockdown and pharmacological transcriptional inhibition to induce proliferation of supporting cells in the P0 neonatal rat cochlea in vivo. Respectively, lentiviral vectors transducing shRNA against p27Kip1 were administered into the scala media or Alsterpaullone 2-Cyanoethyl into the round window niche. Cell markers and gene expression were assessed through immunostaining and qRT-PCR. Despite both methods significantly decreasing p27Kip1 expression in vivo, signs of toxicity in the organ of Corti were not found; however, relevant proliferation was not found either. Finally, cochlear damage was added to increase the response in vitro, achieving only a mild to moderate proliferation induction. We conclude that our approaches were not able to stimulate the recall of supporting cell proliferation despite significantly decreased p27Kip1 levels in vivo. Considering the evaluation of the cochlea at a very responsive stage, we propose that the level of isolated modification of p27Kip1 expression in living mammals achievable through these approaches is insufficient to induce proliferation of supporting cells. Future proliferation induction experiments in the cochlea should study other methods and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and Interdisciplinary Program of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 8380453, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Maass
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and Interdisciplinary Program of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 8380453, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Department of Otolaryngology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Vitacura 5951, 7650568, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.
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20
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Bhutta MF, Thornton RB, Kirkham LAS, Kerschner JE, Cheeseman MT. Understanding the aetiology and resolution of chronic otitis media from animal and human studies. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:1289-1300. [PMID: 29125825 PMCID: PMC5719252 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the middle ear, known clinically as chronic otitis media, presents in different forms, such as chronic otitis media with effusion (COME; glue ear) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). These are highly prevalent diseases, especially in childhood, and lead to significant morbidity worldwide. However, much remains unclear about this disease, including its aetiology, initiation and perpetuation, and the relative roles of mucosal and leukocyte biology, pathogens, and Eustachian tube function. Chronic otitis media is commonly modelled in mice but most existing models only partially mimic human disease and many are syndromic. Nevertheless, these models have provided insights into potential disease mechanisms, and have implicated altered immune signalling, mucociliary function and Eustachian tube function as potential predisposing mechanisms. Clinical studies of chronic otitis media have yet to implicate a particular molecular pathway or mechanism, and current human genetic studies are underpowered. We also do not fully understand how existing interventions, such as tympanic membrane repair, work, nor how chronic otitis media spontaneously resolves. This Clinical Puzzle article describes our current knowledge of chronic otitis media and the existing research models for this condition. It also identifies unanswered questions about its pathogenesis and treatment, with the goal of advancing our understanding of this disease to aid the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Summary: Chronic middle ear inflammation is a common disease. Animal models, and in particular mouse models, have been used to elucidate some potential mechanisms, including dysfunction in immune signalling, mucociliary function or Eustachian tube function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood F Bhutta
- Department of ENT, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, BN2 5BE, England .,Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Ruth B Thornton
- Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Lea-Ann S Kirkham
- Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Joseph E Kerschner
- Office of the Dean, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael T Cheeseman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH23 9RG, Scotland
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21
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Lee MY, Park YH. Potential of Gene and Cell Therapy for Inner Ear Hair Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8137614. [PMID: 30009175 PMCID: PMC6020521 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8137614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) or a damaged afferent nerve pathway to the auditory cortex. The most common option for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss is hearing rehabilitation using hearing devices. Various kinds of hearing devices are available but, despite recent advancements, their perceived sound quality does not mimic that of the "naïve" cochlea. Damage to crucial cochlear structures is mostly irreversible and results in permanent hearing loss. Cochlear HC regeneration has long been an important goal in the field of hearing research. However, it remains challenging because, thus far, no medical treatment has successfully regenerated cochlear HCs. Recent advances in genetic modulation and developmental techniques have led to novel approaches to generating HCs or protecting against HC loss, to preserve hearing. In this review, we present and review the current status of two different approaches to restoring or protecting hearing, gene therapy, including the newly introduced CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and stem cell therapy, and suggest the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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22
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Mäder K, Lehner E, Liebau A, Plontke SK. Controlled drug release to the inner ear: Concepts, materials, mechanisms, and performance. Hear Res 2018; 368:49-66. [PMID: 29576310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Progress in drug delivery to the ear has been achieved over the last few years. This review illustrates the main mechanisms of controlled drug release and the resulting geometry- and size-dependent release kinetics. The potency, physicochemical properties, and stability of the drug molecules are key parameters for designing the most suitable drug delivery system. The most important drug delivery systems for the inner ear include solid foams, hydrogels, and different nanoscale drug delivery systems (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanocapsules, polymersomes). Their main characteristics (i.e., general structure and materials) are discussed, with special attention given to underlining the link between the physicochemical properties (e.g., surface areas, glass transition temperature, microviscosity, size, and shape) and release kinetics. An appropriate characterization of the drug, the excipients used, and the formulated drug delivery systems is necessary to achieve a deeper understanding of the release process and decrease variability originating from the drug delivery system. This task cannot be solved by otologists alone. The interdisciplinary cooperation between otology/neurotology, pharmaceutics, physics, and other disciplines will result in improved drug delivery systems for the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Eric Lehner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arne Liebau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan K Plontke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Noise-Induced Loss of Hair Cells and Cochlear Synaptopathy Are Mediated by the Activation of AMPK. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7497-510. [PMID: 27413159 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0782-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major unresolved public health problem. Here, we investigate pathomechanisms of sensory hair cell death and suggest a novel target for protective intervention. Cellular survival depends upon maintenance of energy homeostasis, largely by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In response to a noise exposure in CBA/J mice, the levels of phosphorylated AMPKα increased in hair cells in a noise intensity-dependent manner. Inhibition of AMPK via siRNA or the pharmacological inhibitor compound C attenuated noise-induced loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) and synaptic ribbons, and preserved auditory function. Additionally, noise exposure increased the activity of the upstream AMPK kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in cochlear tissues. The inhibition of LKB1 by siRNA attenuated the noise-increased phosphorylation of AMPKα in OHCs, reduced the loss of inner hair cell synaptic ribbons and OHCs, and protected against NIHL. These results indicate that noise exposure induces hair cell death and synaptopathy by activating AMPK via LKB1-mediated pathways. Targeting these pathways may provide a novel route to prevent NIHL. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our results demonstrate for the first time that the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α in sensory hair cells is noise intensity dependent and contributes to noise-induced hearing loss by mediating the loss of inner hair cell synaptic ribbons and outer hair cells. Noise induces the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 by liver kinase B1 (LKB1), triggered by changes in intracellular ATP levels. The inhibition of AMPK activation by silencing AMPK or LKB1, or with the pharmacological inhibitor compound C, reduced outer hair cell and synaptic ribbon loss as well as noise-induced hearing loss. This study provides new insights into mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss and suggests novel interventions for the prevention of the loss of sensory hair cells and cochlear synaptopathy.
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24
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Mittal R, Debs LH, Nguyen D, Patel AP, Grati M, Mittal J, Yan D, Eshraghi AA, Liu XZ. Signaling in the Auditory System: Implications in Hair Cell Regeneration and Hearing Function. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2710-2721. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Luca H. Debs
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Amit P. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
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Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases Attenuate Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2016; 17:289-302. [PMID: 27095478 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of auditory sensory hair cells is the major pathological feature of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Currently, no established clinical therapies for prevention or amelioration of NIHL are available. The absence of treatments is due to our lack of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying noise-induced damage. Our previous study indicates that epigenetic modification of histones alters hair cell survival. In this study, we investigated the effect of noise exposure on histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) in the inner ear of adult CBA/J mice and determined if inhibition of histone deacetylases by systemic administration of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) could attenuate NIHL. Our results showed that H3K9ac was decreased in the nuclei of outer hair cells (OHCs) and marginal cells of the stria vascularis in the basal region after exposure to a traumatic noise paradigm known to induce permanent threshold shifts (PTS). Consistent with these results, levels of histone deacetylases 1, 2, and 3 (HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3) were increased predominately in the nuclei of cochlear cells. Silencing of HDAC1, HDAC2, or HDAC3 with siRNA reduced the expression of the target HDAC in OHCs, but did not attenuate noise-induced PTS, whereas treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor SAHA, also named vorinostat, reduced OHC loss, and attenuated PTS. These findings suggest that histone acetylation is involved in the pathogenesis of noise-induced OHC death and hearing loss. Pharmacological targeting of histone deacetylases may afford a strategy for protection against NIHL.
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Pyykkö I, Zou J, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R, Kinnunen P. An Overview of Nanoparticle Based Delivery for Treatment of Inner Ear Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1427:363-415. [PMID: 27259938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3615-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles offer new possibilities for inner ear treatment as they can carry a variety of drugs, protein, and nucleic acids to inner ear. Nanoparticles are equipped with several functions such as targetability, immuno-transparency, biochemical stability, and ability to be visualized in vivo and in vitro. A group of novel peptides can be attached to the surface of nanoparticles that will enhance the cell entry, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting. Eight different types of nanoparticles with different payload carrying strategies are available now. The transtympanic delivery of nanoparticles indicates that, depending on the type of nanoparticle, different migration pathways into the inner ear can be employed, and that optimal carriers can be designed according to the intended cargo. The use of nanoparticles as drug/gene carriers is especially attractive in conjunction with cochlear implantation or even as an inclusion in the implant as a drug/gene reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmari Pyykkö
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tampere and University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland. .,Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
| | - Jing Zou
- BECS, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Aalto, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Annelies Schrott-Fischer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Paavo Kinnunen
- BECS, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
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Lu X, Sipe CW. Developmental regulation of planar cell polarity and hair-bundle morphogenesis in auditory hair cells: lessons from human and mouse genetics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 5:85-101. [PMID: 26265594 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common and costly sensory defect in humans and genetic causes underlie a significant proportion of affected individuals. In mammals, sound is detected by hair cells (HCs) housed in the cochlea of the inner ear, whose function depends on a highly specialized mechanotransduction organelle, the hair bundle. Understanding the factors that regulate the development and functional maturation of the hair bundle is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of human deafness. Genetic analysis of deafness genes in animal models, together with complementary forward genetic screens and conditional knock-out mutations in essential genes, have provided great insights into the molecular machinery underpinning hair-bundle development and function. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of hair-bundle morphogenesis, with an emphasis on the molecular pathways governing hair-bundle polarity and orientation. We next discuss the proteins and structural elements important for hair-cell mechanotransduction as well as hair-bundle cohesion and maintenance. In addition, developmental signals thought to regulate tonotopic features of HCs are introduced. Finally, novel approaches that complement classic genetics for studying the molecular etiology of human deafness are presented. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:85-101. doi: 10.1002/wdev.202 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Conor W Sipe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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28
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Yuan H, Wang X, Hill K, Chen J, Lemasters J, Yang SM, Sha SH. Autophagy attenuates noise-induced hearing loss by reducing oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1308-24. [PMID: 25694169 PMCID: PMC4410759 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species play a dual role in mediating both cell stress and defense pathways. Here, we used pharmacological manipulations and siRNA silencing to investigate the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress under conditions of noise-induced temporary, permanent, and severe permanent auditory threshold shifts (temporary threshold shift [TTS], permanent threshold shift [PTS], and severe PTS [sPTS], respectively) in adult CBA/J mice. RESULTS Levels of oxidative stress markers (4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE] and 3-nitrotyrosine [3-NT]) increased in outer hair cells (OHCs) in a noise-dose-dependent manner, whereas levels of the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 B (LC3B) were sharply elevated after TTS but rose only slightly in response to PTS and were unaltered by sPTS noise. Furthermore, green fluorescent protein (GFP) intensity increased in GFP-LC3 mice after TTS-noise exposure. Treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy activator, significantly increased LC3B expression, while diminishing 4-HNE and 3-NT levels, reducing noise-induced hair cell loss, and, subsequently, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). In contrast, treatment with either the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) or LC3B siRNA reduced LC3B expression, increased 3-NT and 4-HNE levels, and exacerbated TTS to PTS. INNOVATION This study demonstrates a relationship between oxidative stress and autophagy in OHCs and reveals that autophagy is an intrinsic cellular process that protects against NIHL by attenuating oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the lower levels of oxidative stress incurred by TTS-noise exposure induce autophagy, which promotes OHC survival. However, excessive oxidative stress under sPTS-noise conditions overwhelms the beneficial potential of autophagy in OHCs and leads to OHC death and NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yuan
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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29
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Oishi N, Duscha S, Boukari H, Meyer M, Xie J, Wei G, Schrepfer T, Roschitzki B, Boettger EC, Schacht J. XBP1 mitigates aminoglycoside-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1763. [PMID: 25973683 PMCID: PMC4669688 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we study links between aminoglycoside-induced mistranslation, protein misfolding and neuropathy. We demonstrate that aminoglycosides induce misreading in mammalian cells and assess endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed upregulation of genes related to protein folding and degradation. Quantitative PCR confirmed induction of UPR markers including C/EBP homologous protein, glucose-regulated protein 94, binding immunoglobulin protein and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mRNA splicing, which is crucial for UPR activation. We studied the effect of a compromised UPR on aminoglycoside ototoxicity in haploinsufficient XBP1 (XBP1+/−) mice. Intra-tympanic aminoglycoside treatment caused high-frequency hearing loss in XBP1+/− mice but not in wild-type littermates. Densities of spiral ganglion cells and synaptic ribbons were decreased in gentamicin-treated XBP1+/− mice, while sensory cells were preserved. Co-injection of the chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuated hearing loss. These results suggest that aminoglycoside-induced ER stress and cell death in spiral ganglion neurons is mitigated by XBP1, masking aminoglycoside neurotoxicity at the organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Duscha
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Boukari
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Meyer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T Schrepfer
- 1] Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA [2] Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E C Boettger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Schacht
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Increased Sensitivity to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Blockade of Endogenous PI3K/Akt Signaling. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2015; 16:347-56. [PMID: 25790950 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-015-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in mediating survival of sensory hair cells. Here, we investigated the involvement of PI3K/Akt in noise-induced hearing loss in both temporary and permanent threshold shift noise models. The PI3K regulatory subunit p85α and phosphorylation of Akt on serine 473 (p-Akt S473) are downregulated in sensory hair cells, including both outer and inner hair cells, and supporting cells of the mouse organ of Corti 1 h after exposure to permanent-threshold-shift-inducing noise (PTS noise), but not with temporary-threshold-shift-inducing noise (TTS noise). In contrast, the PI3K catalytic subunit p110α and phosphorylation of Akt on threonine 308 (p-Akt T308) do not change with PTS or TTS noise. Additionally, mice pretreated with p85α small interfering RNA (siRNA) have decreased expression of p-Akt1 (S473) in their sensory hair cells and increased sensitivity to TTS noise-induced hearing loss. Finally, Akt1-knockout mice also have enhanced sensitivity to TTS noise-induced hearing loss. In conclusion, this study suggests that endogenous PI3K/Akt signaling is an intrinsic protective mechanism of the inner ear. Blockade of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways increases sensitivity to TTS noise-induced hearing loss.
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Han Y, Wang X, Chen J, Sha SH. Noise-induced cochlear F-actin depolymerization is mediated via ROCK2/p-ERM signaling. J Neurochem 2015; 133:617-28. [PMID: 25683353 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has suggested that traumatic noise activates Rho-GTPase pathways in cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), resulting in cell death and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). In this study, we investigated Rho effectors, Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs), and the targets of ROCKs, the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, in the regulation of the cochlear actin cytoskeleton using adult CBA/J mice under conditions of noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) and permanent threshold shift (PTS) hearing loss, which result in changes to the F/G-actin ratio. The levels of cochlear ROCK2 and p-ERM decreased 1 h after either TTS- or PTS-noise exposure. In contrast, ROCK2 and p-ERM in OHCs decreased only after PTS-, not after TTS-noise exposure. Treatment with lysophosphatidic acid, an activator of the Rho pathway, resulted in significant reversal of the F/G-actin ratio changes caused by noise exposure and attenuated OHC death and NIHL. Conversely, the down-regulation of ROCK2 by pretreatment with ROCK2 siRNA reduced the expression of ROCK2 and p-ERM in OHCs, exacerbated TTS to PTS, and worsened OHC loss. Additionally, pretreatment with siRNA against radixin, an ERM protein, aggravated TTS to PTS. Our results indicate that a ROCK2-mediated ERM-phosphorylation signaling cascade modulates noise-induced hair cell loss and NIHL by targeting the cytoskeleton. We propose the following cascade following noise trauma leading to alteration of the F-actin arrangement in the outer hair cell cytoskeleton: Noise exposure reduces the levels of GTP-RhoA and subsequently diminishes levels of RhoA effector ROCK2 (Rho-associated kinase 2). Phosphorylation of ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) by ROCK2 normally allows ERM to cross-link actin filaments with the plasma membrane. Noise-decreased levels of ROCK results in reduction of phosphorylation of ERM that leads to depolymerization of actin filaments. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an agonist of RhoA, binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) leading to activation of RhoA through Gα12/13 and RhoGEF. Administration of LPA rescues the noise-diminished F/G-actin ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Receptor-interacting protein kinases modulate noise-induced sensory hair cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1262. [PMID: 24874734 PMCID: PMC4047918 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases promote the induction of necrotic cell death pathways. Here we investigated signaling pathways in outer hair cells (OHCs) of adult male CBA/J mice exposed to noise that causes permanent threshold shifts, with a particular focus on RIP kinase-regulated necroptosis. One hour after noise exposure, nuclei of OHCs in the basal region of the cochlea displayed both apoptotic and necrotic features. RIP1 and RIP3 protein levels increased and caspase-8 was activated. Treatment with pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD blocked the activation of caspase-8 and reduced the number of apoptotic nuclei, while increasing levels of RIP1, RIP3, and necrotic OHCs. Conversely, treatment with necrosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or RIP3 siRNA (siRIP3) diminished noise-induced increases in RIP1 and RIP3, and decreased necrotic OHC nuclei. This treatment also increased the number of apoptotic nuclei without increasing activation of caspase-8. Consistent with the elevation of levels of RIP1 and RIP3, noise-induced active AMPKα levels increased with ZVAD treatment, but decreased with Nec-1 and siRIP3 treatment. Furthermore, treatment with siRIP3 did not alter the activation of caspase-8, but instead increased activation of caspase-9 and promoted endonuclease G translocation into OHC nuclei. Finally, auditory brainstem response functional measurements and morphological assessment of OHCs showed that ZVAD treatment reduces noise-induced deficits. This protective function is potentiated when combined with siRIP3 treatment. In conclusion, noise-induced OHC apoptosis and necrosis are modulated by caspases and RIP kinases, respectively. Inhibition of either pathway shifts the prevalence of OHC death to the alternative pathway.
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Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 regulates sensory cell survival in the cochlea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61999. [PMID: 23626763 PMCID: PMC3633911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study delineates the role of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) in hair cell death induced by several etiologies of acquired hearing loss (noise trauma, aminoglycoside treatment, age). In vivo, Prx3 transiently increased in mouse cochlear hair cells after traumatic noise exposure, kanamycin treatment, or with progressing age before any cell loss occurred; when Prx3 declined, hair cell loss began. Maintenance of high Prx3 levels via treatment with the radical scavenger 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate prevented kanamycin-induced hair cell death. Conversely, reducing Prx3 levels with Prx3 siRNA increased the severity of noise-induced trauma. In mouse organ of Corti explants, reactive oxygen species and levels of Prx3 mRNA and protein increased concomitantly at early times of drug challenge. When Prx3 levels declined after prolonged treatment, hair cells began to die. The radical scavenger p-phenylenediamine maintained Prx3 levels and attenuated gentamicin-induced hair cell death. Our results suggest that Prx3 is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and that maintenance of Prx3 levels in hair cells is a critical factor in their susceptibility to acquired hearing loss.
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