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Kuo LT, Lu HY, Chen YH. Traumatic brain injury-induced disruption of the circadian clock. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:403-414. [PMID: 38285094 PMCID: PMC10879350 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been reported in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the rhythmic expression of circadian genes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) following TBI has not yet been studied. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of period 1 (Per1), Per2, Per3, cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), Cry2, brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (Bmal1), and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) was quantified in PBLs from sham-operated rats and rats with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) over a 48-h period. The rectal temperature of the animals was measured every 4 h over 2 days. The mesor, rhythm, amplitude, and acrophase were estimated using cosinor analysis. Cosinor analysis revealed that Per2, Cry1, and Bmal1 mRNAs were rhythmically expressed in the PBLs of sham-operated rats. In contrast, fluctuations in rhythmic expression were not observed following ASDH. The rectal temperature of sham-operated rats also exhibited rhythmicity. ASDH rats had a disrupted rectal temperature rhythm, a diminished amplitude, and an acrophase shift. TBI with ASDH results in dysregulated expression of some circadian genes and changes in body temperature rhythm. Further research is required to understand the pathophysiology of altered circadian networks following TBI. KEY MESSAGES: First to investigate the mRNA expression of circadian genes in PBLs of ASDH rats. ASDH rats had disrupted rhythmicity of Per2, Cry1, and Bmal1 mRNA expression. Cosinor analysis showed that ASDH rats had a disrupted rectal temperature rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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2
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Wen P, Tan F, Wu M, Cai Q, Xu R, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li S, Lei M, Chen H, Khan MSA, Zou Q, Hu X. Proper use of light environments for mitigating the effects of COVID-19 and other prospective public health emergency lockdowns on sleep quality and fatigue in adolescents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14627. [PMID: 37064435 PMCID: PMC10027303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a public health emergency of international concern, and some countries still implement strict regional lockdowns. Further, the upcoming 2023 Asian Games and World University Games will implement a closed-loop management system. Quarantine can harm mental and physical health, to which adolescents are more vulnerable compared with adults. Previous studies indicated that light can affect our psychology and physiology, and adolescents were exposed to the artificial light environment in the evening during the lockdown. Thus, this study aimed to establish and assess appropriate residential light environments to mitigate the effects of lockdowns on sleep quality and fatigue in adolescents. The participants were 66 adolescents (12.15 ± 2.45 years of age) in a closed-loop management environment, who participated in a 28-day (7-day baseline, 21-day light intervention) randomized controlled trial of a light-emitting diode (LED) light intervention. The adolescents were exposed to different correlated color temperature (CCT) LED light environments (2000 K or 8000 K) for 1 h each evening. The results for self-reported daily sleep quality indicated that the low CCT LED light environment significantly improved sleep quality (p < 0.05), and the blood test results for serum urea and hemoglobin indicated that this environment also significantly reduced fatigue (p < 0.05) and moderately increased performance, compared to the high CCT LED light environment. These findings can serve as a springboard for further research that aims to develop interventions to reduce the effects of public health emergency lockdowns on mental and physical health in adolescents, and provide a reference for participants in the upcoming Asian Games and World University Games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Wen
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Fuyun Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Qijun Cai
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Ruiping Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shukun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Menglai Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huanqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Saddique Akbar Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Shang YF, Shen YY, Zhang MC, Lv MC, Wang TY, Chen XQ, Lin J. Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1061235. [PMID: 36817607 PMCID: PMC9935576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivary secretion, and saliva is secreted in response to various stimuli, including odor, taste, vision, and mastication. The chemical and physical properties of saliva change dynamically during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the central nervous system modulates salivary secretion and function via various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Smell, vision, and taste have been investigated for the connection between salivation and brain function. The immune and endocrine functions of the salivary glands have been explored recently. Salivary glands play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection. Various immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as immunoglobins like IgA and IgG have been found in salivary glands. Evidence supports the synthesis of corticosterone, testosterone, and melatonin in salivary glands. Saliva contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum. High level of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines are potential markers for oral carcinoma, infectious disease in the oral cavity, and systemic disease. Further research is required to monitor and predict potential salivary biomarkers for health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Chen Zhang
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Tong Ying Wang
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Qun Chen
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lin,
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Feng G, Zhao J, Peng J, Luo B, Zhang J, Chen L, Xu Z. Circadian clock—A promising scientific target in oral science. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1031519. [PMCID: PMC9708896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1031519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral and maxillofacial organs play vital roles in chewing, maintaining facial beauty, and speaking. Almost all physiological processes display circadian rhythms that are driven by the circadian clock, allowing organisms to adapt to the changing environment. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the circadian clock system participates in oral and maxillofacial physiological and pathological processes, such as jaw and tooth development, salivary gland function, craniofacial malformations, oral carcinoma and other diseases. However, the roles of the circadian clock in oral science have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, This paper provides a systematic and integrated perspective on the function of the circadian clock in the fields of oral science, reviews recent advances in terms of the circadian clock in oral and maxillofacial development and disease, dialectically analyzes the importance of the circadian clock system and circadian rhythm to the activities of oral and maxillofacial tissues, and focuses on analyzing the mechanism of the circadian clock in the maintenance of oral health, affecting the common diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region and the process of oral-related systemic diseases, sums up the chronotherapy and preventive measures for oral-related diseases based on changes in tissue activity circadian rhythms, meanwhile, comes up with a new viewpoint to promote oral health and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Chen, ; Zhi Xu,
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Chen, ; Zhi Xu,
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Yuan H, Xie B, Yu X, Lin C, Li M, Zhang Y, Zou X, Lu M, Zhao M, Wen X. A potential role of p75NTR in the regulation of circadian rhythm and incremental growth lines during tooth development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:981311. [PMID: 36213234 PMCID: PMC9539461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tooth morphogenesis and the formation of hard tissues have been reported to be closely related to circadian rhythms. This study investigates the spatiotemporal expression and relationship of p75NTR with core clock genes, mineralization-related or odontogenesis-related genes, and aims to derive the potential role of p75NTR in regulating circadian rhythm and incrementality growth line formation during tooth development. Materials and methods: The dynamic morphology of the rat dental germ was observed at seven stages (E14.5 d, E16.5 d, E18.5 d, P.N. 4 d, P.N. 7 d, P.N. 10 d, and P.N. 15 d). Next, the expressions of p75NTR and other target factors were traced. The ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were isolated from the E18.5d rat dental germs and synchronized using 50% of fetal bovine serum. Then, they were cultured in light/light (L.L.), dark/dark (D.D.), and light/dark (L.D.) conditions for 48 h. The total RNA was collected every 4 h, and the circadian rhythm dynamics of target factors were observed. To reveal the mechanism further, p75NTR was down-regulated in p75NTRExIII−/− mice and up-regulated in immortalized mouse dental apical papilla progenitor cells. The change tendencies of other target factors were also detected. Results: The clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Per1, and Per2 were all expressed in tooth germs before the formation of dental hard tissues and demonstrated a regular oscillating expression pattern in EMSCs from dental germs. Their expression was affected by the L.D. stimulus, and most of them were promoted by D.D. conditions. p75NTR presented a similar expression pattern and a positive or negative relationship with most clock genes, mineralization-related and odontogenesis-related factors, such as brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (Bmal1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), MSH-like 1 (MSX1), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp). Moreover, the arrangement, morphology, and even boundary in pre-odontoblast/pre-ameloblast layers were disordered in the p75NTRExIII−/− mice. Conclusion: Circadian rhythm was found to affect tooth development. p75NTR might play a crucial role in regulating clock genes in the mineralization and formation of the dental hard tissues. p75NTR is actively involved in the odontoblast-ameloblast junction and cell polarity establishment during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manzhu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujie Wen, ; Manzhu Zhao,
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujie Wen, ; Manzhu Zhao,
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Haraguchi A, Du Y, Shiraishi R, Takahashi Y, Nakamura TJ, Shibata S. Oak extracts modulate circadian rhythms of clock gene expression in vitro and wheel-running activity in mice. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:255-266. [PMID: 38469255 PMCID: PMC10899999 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In mammals, the central circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which coordinates the circadian rhythm and controls locomotor activity rhythms. In addition to SCN cells, the peripheral tissues and embryonic fibroblasts also have clock genes, such as Per1/2 and Bmal1, which generate the transcriptional-translational feedback loop to produce an approximately 24-h cycle. Aging adversely affects the circadian clock system and locomotor functions. Oak extract has been reported to improve age-related physiological changes. However, no study has examined the effect of oak extract on the circadian clock system. Methods We examined the effects of oak extract and its metabolites (urolithin A [ULT] and ellagic acid [EA]) on clock gene expression rhythms in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and SCN. Furthermore, locomotor activity rhythm was assessed in young and aged mice. Results Chronic treatment with EA and ULT delayed the phase of PER2::LUC rhythms in SCN explants, and ULT prolonged the period of PER2::LUC rhythms in MEFs in a dose-dependent manner and increased the amplitude of PER2::LUC rhythms in MEFs, though only at low concentrations. Acute treatment with ULT affected the phase of PER2::LUC rhythms in MEFs depending on the concentration and timing of the treatment. In addition, oak extract prolonged the activity time of behavioral rhythms in old mice and tended to increase daily wheel-running revolutions in both young and old mice. Conclusions These results suggest that oak extract is a novel modulator of the circadian clock in vitro and in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-021-00365-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Haraguchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Yao Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Rena Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Takahiro J. Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
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Cavedon M, vonHoldt B, Hebblewhite M, Hegel T, Heppenheimer E, Hervieux D, Mariani S, Schwantje H, Steenweg R, Theoret J, Watters M, Musiani M. Genomic legacy of migration in endangered caribou. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009974. [PMID: 35143486 PMCID: PMC8830729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide-ranging animals, including migratory species, are significantly threatened by the effects of habitat fragmentation and habitat loss. In the case of terrestrial mammals, this results in nearly a quarter of species being at risk of extinction. Caribou are one such example of a wide-ranging, migratory, terrestrial, and endangered mammal. In populations of caribou, the proportion of individuals considered as "migrants" can vary dramatically. There is therefore a possibility that, under the condition that migratory behavior is genetically determined, those individuals or populations that are migratory will be further impacted by humans, and this impact could result in the permanent loss of the migratory trait in some populations. However, genetic determination of migration has not previously been studied in an endangered terrestrial mammal. We examined migratory behavior of 139 GPS-collared endangered caribou in western North America and carried out genomic scans for the same individuals. Here we determine a genetic subdivision of caribou into a Northern and a Southern genetic cluster. We also detect >50 SNPs associated with migratory behavior, which are in genes with hypothesized roles in determining migration in other organisms. Furthermore, we determine that propensity to migrate depends upon the proportion of ancestry in individual caribou, and thus on the evolutionary history of its migratory and sedentary subspecies. If, as we report, migratory behavior is influenced by genes, caribou could be further impacted by the loss of the migratory trait in some isolated populations already at low numbers. Our results indicating an ancestral genetic component also suggest that the migratory trait and their associated genetic mutations could not be easily re-established when lost in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavedon
- Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Troy Hegel
- Yukon Department of Environment, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Heppenheimer
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dave Hervieux
- Fish and Wildlife Stewardship Branch, Alberta Environment and Parks, Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Schwantje
- Wildlife and Habitat Branch, Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Government of British Columbia, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin Steenweg
- Pacific Region, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Theoret
- Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan Watters
- Land and Resource Specialist, Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco Musiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Veterinary Medicine (Joint Appointment), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Diallo AB, Gay L, Coiffard B, Leone M, Mezouar S, Mege JL. Daytime variation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine production. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105067. [PMID: 34175433 PMCID: PMC8225298 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
S. Ray and A. Reddy recently anticipated the implication of circadian rhythm in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19). In addition to its key role in the regulation of biological functions, the circadian rhythm has been suggested as a regulator of viral infections. Specifically, the time of day of infection was found critical for illness progression, as has been reported for influenza, respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses. We analyzed circadian rhythm implication in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection of isolated human monocytes, key actor cells in Covid-19 disease, from healthy subjects. The circadian gene expression of BMAL1 and CLOCK genes was investigated with q-RTPCR. Monocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus strain and viral infection was investigated by One-Step qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 levels were also measured in supernatants of infected monocytes. Using Cosinor analysis, we showed that BMAL1 and CLOCK transcripts exhibited circadian rhythm in monocytes with an acrophase and a bathyphase at Circadian Time (CT)6 and CT17. After 48 h, the amount of SARS-CoV-2 virus increased in the monocyte infected at CT6 compared to CT17. The high virus amount at CT6 was associated with significant increased release in IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 compared to CT17. Our results suggest that time day of SARS-CoV-2 infection affects viral infection and host immune response. They support consideration of circadian rhythm in SARS-CoV-2 disease progression and we propose circadian rhythm as a novel target for managing viral progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Coiffard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; APHM, UF Immunologie, Marseille, France.
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