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Godyla-Jabłoński M, Raczkowska E, Jodkowska A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T, Bronkowska M. Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1103. [PMID: 38674794 PMCID: PMC11054851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20-30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences—Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland;
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Manthei A, López-Gámez G, Martín-Belloso O, Elez-Martínez P, Soliva-Fortuny R. Relationship between Physicochemical, Techno-Functional and Health-Promoting Properties of Fiber-Rich Fruit and Vegetable By-Products and Their Enhancement by Emerging Technologies. Foods 2023; 12:3720. [PMID: 37893613 PMCID: PMC10606636 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation and processing of fruits and vegetables produce high amounts of underutilized fractions, such as pomace and peel, which present a risk to the environment but constitute a valuable source of dietary fiber (DF) and bioactive compounds. The utilization of these fiber-rich products as functional food ingredients demands the application of treatments to improve their techno-functional properties, such as oil and water binding, and health-related properties, such as fermentability, adsorption, and retardation capacities of glucose, cholesterol, and bile acids. The enhancement of health-promoting properties is strongly connected with certain structural and techno-functional characteristics, such as the soluble DF content, presence of hydrophobic groups, and viscosity. Novel physical, environmentally friendly technologies, such as ultrasound (US), high-pressure processing (HPP), extrusion, and microwave, have been found to have higher potential than chemical and comminution techniques in causing desirable structural alterations of the DF network that lead to the improvement of techno-functionality and health promotion. The application of enzymes was related to higher soluble DF content, which might be associated with improved DF properties. Combined physical and enzymatic treatments can aid solubilization and modifications, but their benefit needs to be evaluated for each DF source and the desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert Soliva-Fortuny
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida/Agrotecnio-CeRCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.M.)
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Jang HH, Hwang IG, Lee YM. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation on blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207751. [PMID: 37649528 PMCID: PMC10463756 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with increased mortality. The intake of plant food-derived bioactive compounds is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, including decreased blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels by analyzing relevant randomized controlled trials. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases using the "Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes" format to determine whether anthocyanin supplementation intervention affected blood lipid levels compared with placebo supplementation in human participants. Results A total of 41 studies with 2,788 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI -0.26, -0.07) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20, 0.65). Discussion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved blood lipid component levels in the included studies. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels and the safety of anthocyanin supplementation for treating dyslipidemia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021257087, identifier: CRD42021257087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Practical Science Education, Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Prabsangob N. Plant-based cellulose nanomaterials for food products with lowered energy uptake and improved nutritional value-a review. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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In vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenolic compounds: The effect of dissolved oxygen and bile. Food Chem 2023; 404:134490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Saidi SA, Al-Shikh TM, Hamden K. Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) leaf extracts: phytochemical screening, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-toxic activities on diabetic-induced liver-kidney-testes toxicities and inhibition of α-amylase and lipase enzymes. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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da Veiga Correia VT, da Silva PR, Ribeiro CMS, Ramos ALCC, Mazzinghy ACDC, Silva VDM, Júnior AHO, Nunes BV, Vieira ALS, Ribeiro LV, de Paula ACCFF, Melo JOF, Fante CA. An Integrative Review on the Main Flavonoids Found in Some Species of the Myrtaceae Family: Phytochemical Characterization, Health Benefits and Development of Products. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2796. [PMID: 36297820 PMCID: PMC9608453 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This integrative review aims to identify the main flavonoids present in some species of the Myrtaceae family. Studies published between 2016 and 2022 were selected, specifically those which were fully available and written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, and which were related to the fruits araçá (Psidium cattleianum), cambuí (Myrciaria floribunda), gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa), jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora), and jambolan (Syzygium cumini). Scientific studies were gathered and selected in Google Scholar, Scielo, and Science Direct indexed databases, out of which 14 were about araçá, 7 concerned cambuí, 4 were about gabiroba, 29 were related to jabuticaba, and 33 concerned jambolan, when we observed the pre-established inclusion criteria. Results showed that the anthocyanins, such as cyanidin, petunidin, malvidin, and delphinidin, were the mostly identified class of flavonoids in plants of the Myrtaceae family, mainly relating to the purple/reddish color of the evaluated fruits. Other compounds, such as catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and rutin were also identified in different constituent fractions, such as leaves, peel, pulp, seeds, and in developed products, such as jams, desserts, wines, teas, and other beverages. It is also worth noting the positive health effects verified in these studies, such as anti-inflammatory qualities for jambolan, antidiabetic qualities for gabiroba, antioxidant qualities for araçá, and cardioprotective actions for jabuticaba, which are related to the presence of these phytochemicals. Therefore, it is possible to point out that flavonoids are important compounds in the chemical constitution of the studied plants of the Myrtaceae family, with promising potential in the development of new products by the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries due to their bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Tadeu da Veiga Correia
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Rocha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla Mariele Silva Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina do Carmo Mazzinghy
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviane Dias Medeiros Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Afonso Henrique Oliveira Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vieira Nunes
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Santos Vieira
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Victor Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Onésio Ferreira Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Argenta Fante
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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de Souza Figueira M, Jurema Soares M, Aparecida Manólio Soares-Freitas R, Rodrigues Sampaio G, Clara da Costa Pinaffi-Langley A, Vasconcelos dos Santos O, Costa De Camargo A, Macedo Rogero M, Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres E. Effect of guarana seed powder on cholesterol absorption in vitro and in Caco-2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Panchal SK, John OD, Mathai ML, Brown L. Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple. Nutrients 2022; 14:2161. [PMID: 35631301 PMCID: PMC9142943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are mainly purple-coloured phenolic compounds of plant origin that as secondary metabolites are important in plant survival. Understanding their health benefits in humans requires sourcing these unstable compounds in sufficient quantities at a reasonable cost, which has led to improved methods of extraction. Dark-coloured fruits, cereals and vegetables are current sources of these compounds. The range of potential sustainable sources is much larger and includes non-commercialised native plants from around the world and agri-waste containing anthocyanins. In the last 5 years, there have been significant advances in developing the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins in chronic human diseases. Anthocyanins exert their beneficial effects through improvements in gut microbiota, oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of neuropeptides such as insulin-like growth factor-1. Their health benefits in humans include reduced cognitive decline; protection of organs such as the liver, as well as the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys; improvements in bone health and obesity; and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarises some of the sources of anthocyanins and their mechanisms and benefits in the treatment of chronic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia;
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Oliver D. John
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; or
| | - Michael L. Mathai
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Xu Y, Hu T, Hu H, Xiong S, Shi K, Zhang N, Mu Q, Xu G, Zhang P, Pan S. Comparative Evaluation on the Bioaccessibility of Citrus Fruit Carotenoids In Vitro Based on Different Intake Patterns. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101457. [PMID: 35627027 PMCID: PMC9141588 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intake pattern has a great impact on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from citrus fruit. Here, we compared the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from fresh citrus fruit (FC), fresh citrus juice (FCJ), and not-from-concentrate citrus juice (NCJ) and analyzed the influencing factors. The results demonstrated that particle size, viscosity, and some active components of the samples during digestion are potential factors affecting the bioaccessibility of carotenoids. The total carotenoid bioaccessibility of NCJ (31.45 ± 2.58%) was significantly higher than that of FC (8.11 ± 0.43%) and FCJ (12.43 ± 0.49%). This work demonstrates that NCJ is an appropriate intake pattern to improve the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from citrus fruit. The findings also suggest that adjustment of food intake patterns is an effective way to improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haijuan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sihui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaixin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qier Mu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.X.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (S.X.); (K.S.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (G.X.); (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-5402-9828
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Horie K, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Oey I. Potential Vasculoprotective Effects of Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Extract in Diabetic KK-A y Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216459. [PMID: 34770868 PMCID: PMC8587626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found naturally in fruits and vegetables; they are widely used in disease prevention and health maintenance. Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) exerts beneficial effects on vascular health in menopausal model animals. However, the vasculoprotective effects in diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic vascular disease secondary to DM are unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether BCE is effective in preventing atherosclerosis using KK-Ay mice as a diabetes model. The mice were divided into three groups and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 1% BCE (BCE1), 3% BCE (BCE2), or Control for 9 weeks. The mice in the BCE2 group showed a considerable reduction in the disturbance of elastic lamina, foam cell formation, and vascular remodeling compared to those in the BCE1 and Control groups. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the score of endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining intensity was significantly higher in both BCE2 (2.9) and BCE1 (1.9) compared to that in the Control (1.1). Furthermore, the score for the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin was significantly lower in the BCE2 (2.9%) than in the Control (2.1%). Our results suggest that the intake of anthocyanin-rich BCE could have beneficial effects on the blood vessels of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines and Triglycerides Levels in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103621. [PMID: 34684622 PMCID: PMC8537201 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits possess potential cardiovascular, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic bioactivities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract rich in iridoids and anthocyanins on several transcription factors, intima/media ratio in aorta and serum parameters, which determine or are valuable indicators of the adverse changes observed in the course of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. For this purpose, male New Zealand rabbits were fed a diet enriched in 1% cholesterol for 60 days. Additionally, one group received 10 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract and the second group 50 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ expression in the aorta, LXR-α expression in the liver; cholesterol, triglycerides, adipokines, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin levels in serum; the intima and media diameter in the thoracic and abdominal aorta were determined. Administration of cornelian cherry extract resulted in an enhancement in the expression of all tested transcription factors, a decrease in triglycerides, leptin and resistin, and an increase in adiponectin levels. In addition, a significant reduction in the I/M ratio was observed for both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The results we have obtained confirm the potential contribution of cornelian cherry extract to mitigation of the risk of developing and the intensity of symptoms of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome.
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Duangjai A, Trisat K, Saokaew S. Effect of Roasting Degree, Extraction Time, and Temperature of Coffee Beans on Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Anti-Hyperlipidaemic Activities Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:338-345. [PMID: 34737995 PMCID: PMC8531425 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.3.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee consumption has been linked to a low risk of metabolic syndrome. However, evidence supporting its anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activities remain poorly defined. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique has been shown to achieve high yields of bioactive compounds in coffee, with preserved functionality. The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of various coffee roasting extracts using UAE on their anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic properties. We examined α-amylase and α-glucosidase, micelle size, micelle solubility, and pancreatic lipase activities. Coffee roasting degrees were classified as light coffee (LC), medium coffee (MC), and dark coffee (DC). We showed that DC at 80°C for 10 min, 40°C for 20 min, and 20°C for 20 min has a high potency to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase activities by 33.79±3.25%, 19.68±1.43%, and 36.63±1.58%, respectively. LC enhanced cholesterol micelle size and suppressed cholesterol micelle solubility, which suggests that coffee roasting may enhance anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Duangjai
- Unit of Excellence in Research and Product Development of Coffee, Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Kanittaporn Trisat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailan
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.,Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.,Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.,Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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14
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Suo H, Shishir MRI, Xiao J, Wang M, Chen F, Cheng KW. Red Wine High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenolic Complex: An Emerging Modulator of Human Metabolic Disease Risk and Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10907-10919. [PMID: 34461020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Moderate red wine consumption has been linked to reduced chronic disease risk. Thus far, little has been known about the physicochemical properties and potential biological effects of high-molecular-weight polyphenolic complexes (HPPCs), a major fraction of red wine polyphenols. In this work, the stability and biochemical properties of HPPCs under simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro were studied. The results showed that HPPCs were resistant to simulated gastric digestion (SGD) and simulated intestinal digestion (SID). They exhibited significant inhibitory activity against key metabolic syndrome-associated digestive enzymes, achieving 17.1-90.9% inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase, lipase, and cholesterol esterase at 0.02-0.45 mg/mL. HPPCs were metabolized by gut microbiota (GM), leading to significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity when compared with the original, SGD, and SID samples. Furthermore, they favorably modulated GM profiles, which was accompanied by significantly increased short-chain fatty acid generation during the early colonic fermentation phase. These findings suggest that HPPCs are a promising modulator of human metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Suo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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15
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Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Extract in Healthy Female Subjects: A Pilot Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134085. [PMID: 34279425 PMCID: PMC8272003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blackcurrant extract (BCE) ameliorates dyslipidemia in menopausal model animals and in elderly women at a risk of dyslipidemia. However, it is unknown whether the daily intake of BCE can prevent lipid abnormalities in healthy individuals. Lipids are essential for the body, but they also cause arteriosclerosis. In this noncomparative pilot study, we examined the effects of BCE administered for 29 days on serum lipids in young healthy women. Blood samples were collected before and on days 4 and 29 after BCE intake, and 20 lipoprotein fractions in the serum were separated using a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography method to measure the triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels in lipoproteins. There were no effects on lipids on day 4 of BCE intake, but the total cholesterol level decreased on day 29. Furthermore, the levels of total very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, small VLDL cholesterol, and large low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased. These results suggest that the daily intake of BCE has a hypocholesterolemic effect in healthy women, and that it is effective in preventing atherosclerosis.
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