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Gillani SW, Ahmad M, Ali MA, Zafar M, Alkahtani J, Makhkamov T, Yuldashev A, Mamarakhimov O, Khaydarov K, Botirova L, Kilic O, Shaheen H, Idrees M, Sultana S, Manzoor M, Majeed S. Phyto-ecological studies and distribution patterns of subfamily Polygonoideae in relation to edaphic factors across diverse ecological zones. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36571. [PMID: 39263057 PMCID: PMC11387361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The species of the subfamily Polygonoideae is an essential component of temperate forests as well as the flora of the western Himalayan region. The aim of this research was to explore the taxonomic diversity, distribution patterns, and associated flora of Polygonoideae in relation to edaphic factors in various ecological zones in the Muzaffarabad division of the Kashmir Western Himalayan Region. We applied a random sampling approach for data collection from 10 different sites with a cumulative 780 quadrats to record the diversity of wild Polygonoideae species across the Muzaffarabad division between 2021 and 2022. This study revealed 279 plant species from 192 genera and 75 families associated with Polygonoideae, with the dominant families being Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, and Rosaceae. Herbs were predominant in the investigated area, with a proportion of 72.40 %, followed by shrubs (9.68 %) and pteridophytes (8.24 %). The flora was dominated by therophytes (37.35 %), whereas nanophylls (37.28 %) were the most dominant leaf form. Persicaria, Rumex, and Polygonum genera were observed and collected from various ecological zones, while Bistorta, Fagopyrum, Oxyria, and Rheum were only collected from a single zone, representing a restricted niche. A total of 28 taxa from 8 genera were studied in the investigative subfamily Polygonoideae, with the majority being therophytes (57.14 %), followed by hemicryptophytes (28.57 %), and leaf form dominated by microphylls (50 %) and nanophylls (17.85 %). The average values for Shannon and Simpson's diversity for the reported plant communities were 0.96 and 3.53, respectively, whereas species richness averaged 2.43 and species evenness 0.92. The vegetation exhibited a relatively lower (<50) maturity, averaging 32.08. Deforestation, overexploitation for medicinal purposes, soil erosion, overgrazing, forest fires, and the expansion of agricultural fields were identified as major threats to floral diversity. A significant correlation was observed between elevation and soil nutrient parameters, where moisture content, SOC, SOM, TK, and TN ratios showed a positive correlation, while pH and TP showed a negative correlation. Polygonum paronychioides and Rumex alpinus were the least observed of Polygonoideae taxa, whereas 39 species were found to be threatened, having low (<0.2) IVI values and seeking immediate conservation efforts. Climate change and anthropogenic pressure may lead to a change in the composition patterns and threaten the Polygonoidae species. We suggest community-based initiatives and sustainable conservation measures to safeguard the floral wealth of the Western Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waseem Gillani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., Kibray District, 100700, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Akramjon Yuldashev
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Andijan State University, 129, Universitet Str., 170100, Andijan, Uzbekistan
| | - Oybek Mamarakhimov
- Department of Ecological Monitoring, National University of Uzbekistan, University Street, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University Faculty of Biology, Universitetsty Bulvvar Street-15, Smarkand, 140104, Uzbekistan
| | - Laziza Botirova
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Botany, Gulistan State University, 4, Micro-district, Gulistan, 120100, Sir- Darya Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Omer Kilic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Vocational Sciences, Adiyaman University, Turkiye
| | - Hamayun Shaheen
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Manzoor
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
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Flores del Pino L, Carrasco Apaza NM, Caro Sánchez Benites V, Téllez Monzón LA, Visitación Bustamante KK, Arana-Maestre J, Suárez Ramos D, Wetzell Canales-Springett A, Dioses Morales JJ, Jaco Rivera E, Uriarte Ortiz A, Jorge-Montalvo P, Visitación-Figueroa L. The predictive model of hydrobiological diversity in the Asana-Tumilaca basin, Peru based on water physicochemical parameters and sediment metal content. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27916. [PMID: 38524626 PMCID: PMC10958436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrobiological diversity in the basin depends on biotic and abiotic factors. A predictive model of hydrobiological diversity for periphyton and macrobenthos was developed through multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) based on the physicochemical parameters of water (PPW) and metal content in sediments (MCS) from eight monitoring stations in the Asana-Tumilaca Basin during the dry and wet seasons. The electrical conductivity presented values between 47.9 and 3617 μS/cm, showing the highest value in the Capillune River due to the influence of geothermal waters. According to Piper's diagram, the water in the basin had a composition of calcium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate-sulfate. According to the Wilcox diagram, the water was found to be between good and very good quality, except for in the Capillune River. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H') were 2.62 and 2.88 for periphyton, and 2.10 and 2.44 for macrobenthos, indicating moderate diversity; for the Pielou's evenness index (J'), they were 0.68 and 0.70 for periphyton, and 0.68 and 0.59 for macrobenthos, indicating similar equity, in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, for both indices. In the model there were three cases, where the first two cases only worked with PPW or MCS, and case 3 worked with PPW and MCS. For case 3, the predicted values for H' and J' of periphyton and macrobenthos concerning those observed presented correlation coefficients of 0.7437 and 0.6523 for periphyton and 0.9321 and 0.8570 for macrobenthos, respectively, which were better than those of cases 1 and 2. In addition, principal component analysis revealed that the As, Pb, and Zn contents in the sediments negatively influenced the diversity, uniformity, and richness of the macrobenthos. In contrast, Cu and Cr had positive impacts because of the adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisveth Flores del Pino
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy Marisol Carrasco Apaza
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Víctor Caro Sánchez Benites
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Lena Asunción Téllez Monzón
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Kimberly Karime Visitación Bustamante
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Jerry Arana-Maestre
- Museum of Natural History, Department of Limnology, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Suárez Ramos
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Ayling Wetzell Canales-Springett
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Jacqueline Jannet Dioses Morales
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Alex Uriarte Ortiz
- Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA), Ministerio Del Ambiente, 15076, Lima, Peru
| | - Paola Jorge-Montalvo
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa
- Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
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Nadia ZM, Baten MA, Roy P, Saha N, Habib KA, Mahfuj S, Kamrujjaman M, Rashed M. River pattern influences the composition of small indigenous species (SIS) of fish in deltaic Rajbari district, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26575. [PMID: 38434058 PMCID: PMC10906390 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh is endowed with diverse rivers providing huge ecosystem services, but the diversity status and the abundance of the small indigenous species (SIS) are not identical in all rivers due to the natural water flow regime and anthropogenic challenges. Therefore, the present study endeavors to elucidate the composition and conservation status of SIS fish from four rivers namely, the Padma, the Gorai, the Chandana and the Horai rivers of Rajbari District, Bangladesh. Data were meticulously collected through fish sampling in each season, field observations, focus group discussions, and individual interviews by using a semi-structured questionnaire spanning from May 2021 and April 2022. The number of SIS in the Padma, the Gorai, the Chandana and the Horai rivers of Rajbari were 60, 36, 33 and 26, respectively, whereas a predominant concentration of fishes was notably observed in the benthopelagic zone of these rivers. Among the 60 riverine SIS, 23 fish were common in the four rivers. Additionally, Cyprinidae (>30%) was observed to be the most abundant SIS in the studied rivers. The fishermen in the research area used seven major fishing equipment of which cast nets are the most common for catching fish species. The abundance of SIS during the rainy season was the highest for all the studied rivers than the other seasons and 12 SIS were available throughout the year. Notably, the least concerned SIS outnumbered the other categories whereas, more than 10% was under the vulnerable category in the four rivers. The leading threats to the fish diversity were pollution followed by illegal and overfishing, siltation, reduced depth, degeneration of rivers and others. Consequently, to safeguard the existing SIS, reducing human pressure, implementing fishing regulations strictly, establishing and administering fish sanctuaries, and raising public awareness can be helpful for the sustainability of aquatic resources in deltaic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubyda Mushtari Nadia
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Baten
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Roy
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Newton Saha
- Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Ahsan Habib
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sarower Mahfuj
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Rashed
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Evaluation of Well-Being Status of Near-Threatened Gangetic Leaf Fish Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) in the Kawadighi Haor: Implications to Haor Fishery Management in the Northeastern Bangladesh. CONSERVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation3010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the status of the well-being of wild Nandus nandus in the Kawadighi Haor through morphometric and gastrointestinal indices and local people’s perceptions. Basic macroscopic morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the viscera somatic index (VSI), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), the condition factor (K), length–weight relationships, and gut histology were analyzed from the regular commercial catch. The GIT morphology includes a tube-like esophagus, a tapering stomach, a tubular intestinal region, and a rectum, all of which have clinically normal shapes and conditions. VSI and HSI values fluctuate throughout the year, indicating the periodic variation of food content and availability in the ecosystem. The condition factor (K) was generally stable, with minor deviations in December. The mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa were identified from the stomach of N. nandus and showed normal histological characteristics. There were numerous proliferated villi in the tunica mucosa, but no histopathological abnormalities were found in the gut. These findings suggest that the current population of N. nandus in the Haor is in a favorable condition. However, local people reported some potential threats that might be a concern for the long-term survival of this species. The results of the present study will be useful for effective and sustainable stock management of the N. nandus fishery in the Kawadighi Haor and other floodplain ecosystems.
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Singha P, Pal S. Wetland transformation and its impact on the livelihood of the fishing community in a flood plain river basin of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159547. [PMID: 36265635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Discretely wetland transformations and livelihood vulnerability related works are profoundly found worldwide, but their linkage is not investigated often. The present study aimed to explore the after damming transformation of wetland's eco-hydrological status and water quality and assessed its effects on livelihood vulnerability state of the fishermen community in the lower part of the Tangon river basin. Based on 15 field and satellite image-driven indicators of transformation, multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to model the eco-hydrological state (EHS) of the wetland. Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) of 45 fishing-dominated villages was computed using a balanced weighted LVI score. The result revealed that 60.55 % wetland area was obliterated between the pre- dam and post-dam periods, and the existing wetland area (21.06 km2) witnessed noticeable eco-hydrological and water quality degradation. Correlation and kernel density estimation (KDE) plot clearly revealed that rate of EHS degradation and water quality changes was negatively associated (at ≤0.01 level of significance) and both controlled LVI. So, such changes not only pose pressure on the aquatic species like fishes but also hampered the well-being of the fishermen communities evolving. The findings of the work would be useful in this transition while deciding the alternative strategies to build a resilient community. Moreover, since the eco-hydrological state were explored this would be effective for wetland restoration planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singha
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Swades Pal
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
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Siddique MAB, Ahammad AS, Bashar A, Hasan NA, Mahalder B, Alam MM, Biswas JC, Haque MM. Impacts of climate change on fish hatchery productivity in Bangladesh: A critical review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11951. [PMID: 36506393 PMCID: PMC9732313 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change due to its geographical location. Climate change issues have become major concerns in aquaculture industry, particularly for fish hatchery productivity. Fish production in Bangladesh is mainly steered by the aquaculture sector, which is dependent on private hatchery-based fish seed production to a great extent. This review aimed to present the impacts of climate change on fish hatcheries, particularly during different stages of hatchery production, and the economic loss from the onset of disease and other impairments due to environmental causes. Geographically, most hatcheries in Bangladesh are operated within a narrow range of temperature (22.8-23.1 °C, equivalent to 73-73.5 °F) and rainfall (1750-2000 mm). Thus, slightest fluctuations in these parameters affect seed production in fish hatcheries. The broodstock, produced in natural and captive conditions, is severely affected by flash flooding, water quality deterioration, river siltation, erratic rainfall, and temperature fluctuations. Based on our review, temperature fluctuation is the main factor hampering maturation and breeding performances of broodstock. Temperature has also been reported to affect embryonic development and cause stunted growth of larvae and juvenile. In shrimp and prawn hatcheries, fluctuations in temperature, pH, and salinity are responsible for post-larval disease outbreaks. In some instances, storms and heavy rainfall wash away reared broodfish and fish seed from the hatcheries, causing massive socioeconomic losses. This review presents indisputable negative impacts of climate change on hatchery production. As of now, no cost-effective proven strategies have been developed to minimize the effects of climate change on Bangladesh's fish hatchery production, on which the aquaculture industry is inextricably dependent. For sustainable fish hatchery production, basic research on climate impacts on hatcheries is inevitable, as well as improving capacity of hatchery owners are needed for resilient hatchery operations in Bangladesh and similar environments worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.K. Shakur Ahammad
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Neaz A. Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Balaram Mahalder
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mehedi Alam
- Department of Fishery Resources Conservation and Management, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Mahfujul Haque
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
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Sultana MA, Pandit D, Barman SK, Tikadar KK, Tasnim N, Fagun IA, Hussain MA, Kunda M. A review of fish diversity, decline drivers, and management of the Tanguar Haor ecosystem: A globally recognized Ramsar site in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ahammad AKS, Asaduzzaman M, Ferdusy T, Islam MM, Wong LL, Rahman MM, Haque MM, Hassan J. Morphogenetic diversity of the selected hatchery populations of an Indian major carp (Labeo rohita, Hamilton, 1822) in the Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. ANIMAL GENE 2022; 25:200131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.angen.2022.200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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Kunda M, Ray D, Pandit D, Harun-Al-Rashid A. Establishment of a fish sanctuary for conserving indigenous fishes in the largest freshwater swamp forest of Bangladesh: A community-based management approach. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09498. [PMID: 35647342 PMCID: PMC9131154 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Al-Emran M, Hasan NA, Khan MP, Islam SMM, Bashar A, Zulfahmi I, Shahjahan M, Sumon KA. Alterations in hematological parameters and the structure of peripheral erythrocytes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to profenofos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29049-29061. [PMID: 34993795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The burden of pesticide use from agricultural intensification lies in the fact that pesticides may end up in aquatic ecosystems and have pernicious effects on non-target organisms, including fish. Different blood biomarkers, including hemato-biochemical indices, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA), were observed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to varying sub-lethal concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of 96-h LC50) of profenofos at different time intervals (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The results revealed that glucose and white blood cell (WBC) levels significantly increased, while hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly decreased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Aberrant erythrocytic morphology-derived ENA, such as nuclear degeneration, micronuclear formation, binuclear development, nuclear budding, and karyopyknosis, significantly increased with time in profenofos-exposed groups compared to controls. Between the treatment and control groups, a significant execution was discerned for teardrop and fusion type ECA. For other cellular aberrations of erythrocytes, including elongated, twin, and spindle, a significant difference appeared only at the beginning of the experiment (day 7). This study concludes that the presence of widely used profenofos in aquatic systems has a pernicious effect on Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al-Emran
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Neaz A Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Polash Khan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Majharul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ilham Zulfahmi
- Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Heal RD, Hasan NA, Haque MM. Increasing disease burden and use of drugs and chemicals in Bangladesh shrimp aquaculture: A potential menace to human health. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112796. [PMID: 34385024 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using structured surveys in 2008 and 2016, change in disease burden and use of chemical treatments in Bangladesh shrimp farm management was examined. Overall, disease burden had increased in all farms and was more polarized, with a fewer number of individual infectious diseases responsible for most disease in ponds. Farmers also reported physical deformities, nutritional deficiencies, and unknown diseases further indicating poor health of their stock. To combat the threat, more chemical treatments were used (5.2 treatments per farm in 2008 versus 28.8 in 2016), resulting in an average increase of 424% in the number of active substances entering shrimp ponds. Although there was a modest reduction in the use of antimicrobials, shrimp was being exposed to a wider range of chemicals during rearing. The subsequent concern for the environment, animal and human health demands further research to identify potential risks from residues of chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Heal
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - Neaz A Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Mahfujul Haque
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Hasan NA, Heal RD, Bashar A, Haque MM. Face masks: protecting the wearer but neglecting the aquatic environment? - A perspective from Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 4:100126. [PMID: 37522149 PMCID: PMC9040459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In Bangladesh, as with many countries, the spread of COVID-19 made the wearing of single-use face masks, a non-pharmaceutical intervention to reduce viral transmission, surge in popularity amongst the general population. Consequently, irresponsible discarding of used masks into the environment, and mismanagement of the waste they produce, is potentially placing a large pollution burden on aquatic ecosystems in the country. Slow degradation of mask-derived polypropylene and polyethylene fibres creates large reservoirs of microplastic pollutants and these have acute and chronic effects on aquatic organism physiology. Using literature reviews, extrapolation of published data, and field observations, we present an emerging issue of pollution from COVID-19 personal protective equipment such as face masks in Bangladesh. We have estimated the volume of waste generated and document the potential consequences of its improper disposal, and subsequent degradation, in aquaculture ponds within country. In a field survey of 30 ponds in the Muktagacha upazilla, 76.7% were found to have plastics in contact with the water, or within 1m of the pond, and there was an average of 63 pieces of macro-plastic pollution per 5m2. This included floating discarded face masks. Bangladesh has a rich freshwater and marine resource which it depends upon for export trade, nutrition of the population, and jobs. To mitigate potential acute and chronic impacts on aquaculture and the environment, recommendations are made that, if adopted, would reduce entry of microplastics into the aquatic environments via face mask waste mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neaz A Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Richard D Heal
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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