1
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Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Greig NH. 2-(Piperidin-3-yl)phthalimides reduce classical markers of cellular inflammation in LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells and also demonstrate potentially relevant sigma and serotonin receptor affinity in membrane preparations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 110:129885. [PMID: 38996940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of new 4-amino-2-(piperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-diones and their biological evaluation in a series of in vitro experiments. The synthetic production of these materials was initiated upon the condensation of appropriate nitrophthalic acid derivatives with various 3-aminopiperidines; subsequent reduction provided the final products in moderate to good yields. Readily available chiral pool reagents facilitated entry into optically enriched samples, while the piperidine scaffold furnished a variety of amide and alkylated entries. In total, 16 candidates were produced, and their ensuing treatment in LPS-challenged RAW cells effected slight reductions in secreted TNF-α but provided more robust and dose-dependent declines in nitrite and IL-6 levels relative to basal amounts, all concurrent with maintenance of cellular viability across the concentration ranges screened. The secondary amine cohort including rac-6, (R)-7, and (S)-8 rendered the most pronounced dose-dependent reductions in nitrite and IL-6. When dosed at 30 μM, (R)-7 demonstrated the most compelling effects, with decreases of 32 % and 40 % for nitrite and IL-6, respectively. Notable reductions in the inflammatory markers were also observed for 19 which effected declines in TNF-α (14 %), nitrite (19 %), and IL-6 (11 %) when treated at 30 μM. Additionally, four representative compounds were further evaluated against numerous CNS receptors, channels, and transporters, with 6, 9, and 19 demonstrating varying degrees of nanomolar-to-low-micromolar binding to the σ-1 and σ-2 receptors and also to serotonin receptors 5HT2A, 5HT2B and 5HT3. In this regard, 6 displayed perhaps the most noteworthy affinities, with binding at σ-2 (Ki = 2.2uM), 5HT2B (Ki = 561 nM) and 5HT3 (Ki = 536 nM). Furthermore, no pronounced or dose-dependent Cereblon/DDB1 binding was observed for the screened representative compounds 6, 9, 18 and 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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2
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Bhuniya S, Demina TS, Akopova TA. Advances in Applications of Polysaccharides and Polysaccharide-Based Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6482. [PMID: 38928188 PMCID: PMC11203705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of residues of sugar molecules, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their diverse applications across various industries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kokata 700091, India;
| | - Tatiana S. Demina
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Tatiana A. Akopova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow 117393, Russia
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3
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Benkő BM, Tóth G, Moldvai D, Kádár S, Szabó E, Szabó ZI, Kraszni M, Szente L, Fiser B, Sebestyén A, Zelkó R, Sebe I. Cyclodextrin encapsulation enabling the anticancer repositioning of disulfiram: Preparation, analytical and in vitro biological characterization of the inclusion complexes. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124187. [PMID: 38697585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a high-priority and feasible strategy in the field of oncology research, where the unmet medical needs are continuously unbalanced. Disulfiram is a potential non-chemotherapeutic, adjuvant anticancer agent. However, the clinical translation is limited by the drug's poor bioavailability. Therefore, the molecular encapsulation of disulfiram with cyclodextrins is evaluated to enhance the solubility and stability of the drug. The present work describes for the first time the complexation of disulfiram with randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin. A parallel analytical andin vitrobiological comparison of disulfiram inclusion complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin is conducted. A significant drug solubility enhancement by about 1000-folds and fast dissolution in 1 min is demonstrated. Thein vitrodissolution-permeation studies and proliferation assays demonstrate the solubility-dependent efficacy of the drug. Throughout the different cancer cell lines' characteristics and disulfiram unspecific antitumoral activity, the inhibitory efficacy of the cyclodextrin encapsulated drug on melanoma (IC50 about 100 nM) and on glioblastoma (IC50 about 7000 nM) cell lines differ by a magnitude. This pre-formulation screening experiment serves as a proof of concept of using cyclodextrin encapsulation as a platform tool for further drug delivery development in repositioning areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta-Mária Benkő
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Str. 7-9., Budapest 1092, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Str. 7-9., Budapest 1092, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Moldvai
- Tumor Biology, Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Szabina Kádár
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Str. 7-9., Budapest 1092, Hungary; Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary.
| | - Edina Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Str. 38, Târgu Mureș 540142, Romania.
| | - Márta Kraszni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Str. 7-9., Budapest 1092, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, Budapest 1097, Hungary.
| | - Béla Fiser
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, Miskolc 3515, Hungary; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, 90200 Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine.
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Tumor Biology, Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Romána Zelkó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Str. 7-9., Budapest 1092, Hungary.
| | - István Sebe
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Str. 7-9., Budapest 1092, Hungary; Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., R&D Directorate, P.O. Box 100, Budapest 1475, Hungary.
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4
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Vardhan G, Kumar V, Sahu PL, Prakash A, Prasad R, Handu S, Nath UK, Dhamija P. A Validated Chiral Chromatography Method for Enantiomeric Separation of Pomalidomide in Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae026. [PMID: 38745428 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, new chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography (CSP-HPLC) method was established and validated for the quantification of pomalidomide (PMD) enantiomers in human plasma. The chromatographic enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Daicel-CSP, Chiralpack IA 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm; because of its advantages of high degree of retention, high resolution capacity, better reproducibility, ability to produce lower back pressure and low degree of tailing. The mobile phase was maintained as methanol: glacial acetic acid (499.50 ml:50 μL). Ultraviolet wavelength for detection was 220 nm. PMD enantiomer-I and enantiomer-II were separated at 8.83 and 15.34 min, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for each enantiomer and the calibration curve of standard PMD was linear in range between 10-5,000 ng mL-1. The method was validated according to The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH(Q2R1)) specific guidelines. We found no interference peak with PMD chromatogram obtained. This is a simple, reliable and specific method for detection and quantification of enantiomer of PMD in human plasma sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Vardhan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Dehradun-249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Puran Lal Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory, JLN Stadium-G.10, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Anuj Prakash
- Analytical Division, Indian Pharmacopeia Commission, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand India
| | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Dehradun-249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh-249203, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Puneet Dhamija
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Dehradun-249203, Uttarakhand, India
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5
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Devi LS, Casadidio C, Gigliobianco MR, Di Martino P, Censi R. Multifunctionality of cyclodextrin-based polymeric nanoparticulate delivery systems for chemotherapeutics, combination therapy, and theranostics. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123976. [PMID: 38452831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
As cancer being the most difficult disease to treat, different kinds of medications and therapeutic approaches have been prominently developed by scientists. For certain families of drugs, such as immuno-therapeutics or antibody-drug conjugates, efficient delivery systems are required during administration to protect the drugs from chemical degradation or biological inactivation. Delivery systems with the ability to carry different therapeutics or diagnostic agents or both, hold promising potential to tackle the abnormalities behind cancer. In this context, this review provides updated insights on how cyclodextrin-based polymeric nanosystems have become an effective treatment approach against cancer. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural oligosaccharides that are famously exploited in pharmaceutical research due to their exceptional quality of entrapping water-insoluble molecules inside their hydrophobic core and providing enhanced solubility with the help of their hydrophilic exterior. Combining the properties of CDs with polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) brings out excellent versatile and tunable profiles, thanks to the submicron-sized PNPs. By introducing the significance of CD as a delivery system, a collective discussion on different binding approaches and release mechanisms of CD-drug complexation, followed by their characterization studies has been done in this review. Further, in light of recent studies, the article majorly focuses on conveying how promoting CD to a polymeric and nanoscale elevates the multifunctional advantages against cancer that can be successfully applied in combination therapy and theranostics. Moreover, CD-based delivery systems including CALAA-01, CRLX101, and CRLX301, have demonstrated improved tumor targeting, reduced side effects, and prolonged drug release in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Sathi Devi
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Cristina Casadidio
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, (MC), Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Rosa Gigliobianco
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, (MC), Italy.
| | - Piera Di Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti e Pescara, Via dei Vestini 1, 66100 Chieti, (CH), Italy
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, (MC), Italy
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6
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Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Narala S, Vemula SK, Repka M. Drug complexes: Perspective from Academic Research and Pharmaceutical Market. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1519-1540. [PMID: 37138135 PMCID: PMC10156076 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous research efforts, drug delivery through the oral route remains a major challenge to formulation scientists. The oral delivery of drugs poses a significant challenge because more than 40% of new chemical entities are practically insoluble in water. Low aqueous solubility is the main problem encountered during the formulation development of new actives and for generic development. A complexation approach has been widely investigated to address this issue, which subsequently improves the bioavailability of these drugs. This review discusses the various types of complexes such as metal complex (drug-metal ion), organic molecules (drug-caffeine or drug-hydrophilic polymer), inclusion complex (drug-cyclodextrin), and pharmacosomes (drug-phospholipids) that improves the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeability of the drug along with the numerous case studies reported in the literature. Besides improving solubility, drug-complexation provides versatile functions like improving stability, reducing the toxicity of drugs, increasing or decreasing the dissolution rate, and enhancing bioavailability and biodistribution. Apart, various methods to predict the stoichiometric ratio of reactants and the stability of the developed complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
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7
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Determination of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Pomalidomide (Form A). Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity of inclusion complex loaded with puerarin and corn peptide. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Cristina Cardia M, Francesca Palmas M, Casula L, Pisanu A, Marceddu S, Valenti D, Sinico C, Pini E, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Greig NH, Rosa Carta A, Lai F. Nanocrystals as an effective strategy to improve Pomalidomide bioavailability in rodent. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122079. [PMID: 35932932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pomalidomide (POM) is an FDA-approved immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiDs) an it is effectively used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. IMiDs are analogs of the drug thalidomide and they have been repurposed for the treatment of several diseases such as psoriatic arthritis and Kaposi Sarcoma. In recent years, IMiDs have been also evaluated as a new treatment for neurological disorders with an inflammatory and neuroinflammatory component. POM draws particular interest for its potent anti-TNF-α activity at significantly lower concentrations than the parent compound thalidomide. However, POM's low water solubility underpins its low gastrointestinal permeability resulting in irregular and poor absorption. The purpose of this work was to prepare a POM nanocrystal-based formulation that could efficiently improve POM's plasma and brain concentration after intraperitoneal injection. POM nanocrystals prepared as a nanosuspension by the media milling method showed a mean diameter of 219 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.21. POM's nanocrystal solubility value (22.97 µg/mL) in phosphate buffer was about 1.58 folds higher than the POM raw powder. Finally, in vivo studies conducted in adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats indicated that POM nanocrystal ensured higher and longer-lasting drug levels in plasma and brain when compared with POM coarse suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Cardia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Augusta Pisanu
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Marceddu
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA-CNR), Baldinca (Sassari), Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Pini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna Rosa Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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10
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Nguyen TTL, Kim JW, Choi HI, Maeng HJ, Koo TS. Development of an LC-MS/MS Method for ARV-110, a PROTAC Molecule, and Applications to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061977. [PMID: 35335338 PMCID: PMC8954769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ARV-110, a novel proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC), has been reported to show satisfactory safety and tolerability for prostate cancer therapy in phase I clinical trials. However, there is a lack of bioanalytical assays for ARV-110 determination in biological samples. In this study, we developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of ARV-110 in rat and mouse plasma and applied it to pharmacokinetic studies. ARV-110 and pomalidomide (internal standard) were extracted from the plasma samples using the protein precipitation method. Sample separation was performed using a C18 column and a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in distilled water–0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (30:70, v/v). Multiple reaction monitoring was used to quantify ARV-110 and pomalidomide with ion transitions at m/z 813.4 → 452.2 and 273.8 → 201.0, respectively. The developed method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 2–3000 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy, precision, matrix effect, process efficiency, and recovery. ARV-110 was stable in rat and mouse plasma under long-term storage, three freeze-thaw cycles, and in an autosampler, but unstable at room temperature and 37 °C. Furthermore, the elimination of ARV-110 via phase 1 metabolism in rat, mouse, and human hepatic microsomes was shown to be unlikely. Application of the developed method to pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the oral bioavailability of ARV-110 in rats and mice was moderate (23.83% and 37.89%, respectively). These pharmacokinetic findings are beneficial for future preclinical and clinical studies of ARV-110 and/or other PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thao-Linh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.W.K.); (H.-I.C.)
| | - Hae-In Choi
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.W.K.); (H.-I.C.)
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.M.); (T.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4935 (H.-J.M.); +82-42-821-8628 (T.-S.K.)
| | - Tae-Sung Koo
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.W.K.); (H.-I.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.-J.M.); (T.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4935 (H.-J.M.); +82-42-821-8628 (T.-S.K.)
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