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Han Y, Shao M, Yang H, Sun H, Sang W, Wang L, Wang L, Yang S, Jian Y, Tang B, Li Y. Safety and efficacy of cardioneuroablation for vagal bradycardia in a single arm prospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5926. [PMID: 38467744 PMCID: PMC10928196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is currently considered as a promising treatment option for patients with symptomatic bradycardia caused by vagotonia. This study aims to further investigate its safety and efficacy in patients suffering from vagal bradycardia. A total of 60 patients with vagal bradycardia who underwent CNA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from November 2019 to June 2022. Preoperative atropine tests revealed abnormal vagal tone elevation in all patients. First, the electroanatomic structures of the left atrium was mapped out by using the Carto 3 system, according to the protocol of purely anatomy-guided and local fractionated intracardiac electrogram-guided CNA methods. The upper limit of ablation power of superior left ganglion (SLGP) and right anterior ganglion (RAGP) was not more than 45W with an ablation index of 450.Postoperative transesophageal cardiac electrophysiological examination was performed 1 to 3 months after surgery. The atropine test was conducted when appropriate. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram, Holter electrocardiogram, and skin sympathetic nerve activity were reviewed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Adverse events such as pacemaker implantation and other complications were also recorded to analyze the safety and efficacy of CNA in the treatment of vagus bradycardia. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study (38 males, mean age 36.67 ± 9.44, ranging from 18 to 50 years old). None of the patients had a vascular injury, thromboembolism, pericardial effusion, or other surgical complications. The mean heart rate, minimum heart rate, low frequency, low/high frequency, acceleration capacity of rate, and skin sympathetic nerve activity increased significantly after CNA. Conversely, SDNN, PNN50, rMSSD, high frequency, and deceleration capacity of rate values decreased after CNA (all P < 0.05). At 3 months after ablation, the average heart rate, maximum heart rate, and acceleration capacity of heart rate remained higher than those before ablation, and the deceleration capacity of heart rate remained lower than those before ablation and the above results continued to follow up for 12 months after ablation (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other indicators compared with those before ablation (all P > 0.05). The remaining 81.67% (49/60) of the patients had good clinical results, with no episodes of arrhythmia during follow-up. CNA may be a safe and effective treatment for vagal-induced bradycardia, subject to confirmation by larger multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Han
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Laboratory Animals (Provincial Laboratory Animal Center), Shandong First Medical University, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Mingliang Shao
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Cardiovascular Department, The People's Hospital of Xuancheng City, Anhui, 242000, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Huaxin Sun
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanyue Sang
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Suxia Yang
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yi Jian
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Yaodong Li
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Park H, Park JW, Kim D, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Joung B, Lee MH, Hwang C, Pak HN. Comparison of pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon, high-power short-duration, and conventional radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: a propensity score-weighted study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1238363. [PMID: 37876772 PMCID: PMC10590885 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1238363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The comparative efficacy, saftey, and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters after pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon (Cryo-PVI), high-power short-duration (HPSD-PVI), and conventional radiofrequency ablation (conventional-PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. Materials and methods In this propensity score-weighted, retrospective analysis of a single-center cohort, we analyzed 3,395 patients (26.2% female, 74.5% paroxysmal AF) who underwent AF catheter ablation without an empirical left atrial ablation. Procedural factors, recurrence rates, complication rates, and the post-procedural HRV parameters were compared across the Cryo-PVI (n = 625), HPSD-PVI (n = 748), and conventional-PVI (n = 2,022) groups. Results Despite the shortest procedural time in the Cryo-PVI group (74 min for Cryo-PVI vs. 104 min for HPSD-PVI vs. 153 min for conventional-PVI, p < 0.001), the major complication (p = 0.906) and clinical recurrence rates were similar across the three ablation groups (weighted log-rank, p = 0.824). However, the Cryo-PVI group was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent AF in patients with paroxysmal AF [weighted hazard ratio (WHR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.86], whereas it was associated with a higher risk of recurrent AF in patients with persistent AF (WHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06-1.89, p for interaction of <0.001) compared with the conventional-PVI group. In the subgroup analysis for the HRV, the Cryo-PVI group had the highest low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio at 1-year post-procedure, whereas the HPSD-PVI group had the lowest low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio at 1-year post-procedure (p < 0.001). Conclusions The Cryo-PVI group had better rhythm outcomes in patients with paroxysmal AF but worse rhythm outcomes in patients with persistent AF and a higher long-term post-procedural sympathetic nervous activity and sympatho-vagal balance compared with the conventional-PVI group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Je-Wook Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Batten TJ, Evans JP, Burden EG, Mak WK, White W, Smith CD. Suprascapular nerve blockage for painful shoulder pathology - a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment techniques. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:589-598. [PMID: 35976156 PMCID: PMC10471442 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suprascapular nerve blockade (SSNB) through injection (SSNBi) and/or pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) provide options for the management of painful shoulder pathology. Multiple techniques for delivery of SSNB are described but no consensus on optimal symptom control is available. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess patient-focussed outcomes in SSNB and explore the impact of variation in the technical application of this treatment modality. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL were searched for case series, cohort studies and randomised control trials published from database inception until 28 January 2021. Articles reporting use of SSNBi or PRF for treatment of shoulder pain with a minimum 3 months follow-up were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were extracted and the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD), weighted by study size, was reported. Quality of methodology was assessed using Wylde's nonsummative four-point system. FINDINGS Of 758 references, 18 studies were included, totalling 704 SSNB. Average pain improvement at 3 months was 52.3%, with meta-analysis demonstrating a SMD of 2.37. Whereas SSNBi combined with PRF shows the greatest SMD of 2.75, this did not differ significantly from SSNBi or PRF when used as monotherapy. Location of treatment and the guidance technique used did not influence outcome. CONCLUSION SSNBi and PRF provide safe and effective treatment for shoulder pain, as judged by PROMs. This may be of particular value in aging or comorbid patients and with surgical restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regardless of technique, patients experience a marked improvement in pain that is maintained beyond 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- TJ Batten
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - EG Burden
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | - WK Mak
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | - W White
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | - CD Smith
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
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Chen PS, Fishbein MC. Neural Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction: The Importance of Heterogeneity. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1665-1667. [PMID: 37480865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chakraborty P, Po SS. The role of autonomic denervation in the success of atrial fibrillation ablation: Can pulsed-field ablation provide the answer? Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:341-342. [PMID: 36503178 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sunny S Po
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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Radiofrequency denervation and cryoablation of the lumbar zygapophysial joints in the treatment of positive lumbar facet joint syndrome – a report of three cases. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:4515-4520. [PMID: 36189159 PMCID: PMC9519502 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency denervation of the zygapophysial (facet) joints is a frequently performed procedure for chronic low back pain. However, cryoablation represents a novel therapeutic approach for this condition. We observed and analyzed 3 cases with confirmed positive lumbar facet joint syndrome. Our results show a significant improvement in the clinical state of the patients in the first and third months after the procedure. The 6-month follow-up examination demonstrates a recurrence of pain and a gradual deterioration in the quality of life with a lasting partial pain-relief effect. Thermal radiofrequency denervation and cryoablation of the lumbar zygapophysial joints represent an effective, albeit temporary treatment option for lumbar facet joint syndrome patients, resulting from the pathophysiology of sensory nerve regeneration after destructive procedures. This type of treatment can be used repeatedly in the case of a positive response.
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Liu Z, Liu J, Hu D, Du J, Liu D, Wang X, Zhang J, Hou Y. Activation of Neural Modeling-Related Genes in the Heart of Mice after Gamma Irradiation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8522417. [PMID: 35003326 PMCID: PMC8741381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8522417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a common sequela of thoracic irradiation. At the same time, nerve remodeling is involved in the progression of heart disease. However, the activation of the nerve remodeling related genes in radiation-induced heart disease is still lacking. METHODS In this study, C57BL/J mice was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection with pentobarbital sodium (2%, 40 mg/kg), and radiation was delivered using a cobalt-60 (60Co) teletherapy unit (Cirus). When the mice were anesthetized, none of them showed the signs of peritonitis, pain, or discomfort. The mice hearts were exposed to a γ-radiation field of 5 mm × 5 mm. The total dose of γ-radiation was 3 Gy/day for each animal for 5 consecutive days. The mice were executed by severed neck, and its limbs were weak. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the possible mechanism of arrhythmia in patients with RIHD. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) was increased significantly after radioactive heart injury compared with the control group. Moreover, the protein expression of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Choline acetyl-transferase (CHAT) was significantly decreased compared with the control group and gradually increased with time rend. The nerve growth factor (NGF) was remarkably increased after radiation-induced heart injury compared with the control group. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the nerve growth factors GAP43 and NGF were significantly increased after radiation-induced heart injury. CONCLUSIONS Chest radiotherapy could activate the neural modeling related genes in RIHD. This may provide a new treatment plan for the future treatment of heart problems caused by chest radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Donglu Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Gottlieb LA, Dekker LRC, Coronel R. The Blinding Period Following Ablation Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: Proarrhythmic and Antiarrhythmic Pathophysiological Mechanisms. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 7:416-430. [PMID: 33736761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes heart failure, ischemic strokes, and poor quality of life. The number of patients with AF is estimated to increase to 18 million in Europe in 2050. Pharmacological therapy does not cure AF in all patients. Ablative pulmonary vein isolation is recommended for patients with drug-resistant symptomatic paroxysmal AF but is successful in only about 60%. In patients in whom ablative therapy is successful on the long term, recurrence of AF may occur in the first weeks to months after pulmonary vein ablation. The early recurrence (or delayed cure) of AF is not understood but forms the basis for the generally accepted 3-month blinding (or blanking) period after ablation therapy, which is not included in the evaluation of the eventual success rate of the procedures. The underlying pathophysiological processes responsible for early recurrence and the delayed cure are unknown. The implicit assumption of the blinding period is that the AF mechanism in this period is different from the ablation-targeted AF mechanism (ectopy from the pulmonary veins). In this review, we evaluate the temporary and long-lasting pro- and antiarrhythmic effects of each of the pathophysiological processes and interventions (necrosis, ischemia, oxidative stress, edema, inflammation, autonomic nervous activity, tissue repair, mechanical remodeling, and use of antiarrhythmic drugs) occurring in the blinding period that can modulate AF mechanisms. We propose that stretch-reducing ablation scar is a permanent antiarrhythmic mechanism that develops during the blinding period and is the reason for delayed cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Gottlieb
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modelling Institute, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas R C Dekker
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Cardiology Department, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modelling Institute, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Liu F, Sun W, Li Y, Sun Y, Yu X, Yin X, Xia Y. Low-Level Stimulation and Ethanol Ablation of the Vein of Marshall Prevent the Vagal-Mediated AF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:675485. [PMID: 34026877 PMCID: PMC8131864 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.675485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms for the vein of Marshall (VOM) mediated atrial fibrillation (AF) are not completely understood. We sought to evaluate the contribution of the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system in VOM mediated AF. Method: Seven mongrel dogs were administered propranolol and continuously exposed to left superior ganglionated plexi (LSGP) stimulation, LSGP + low-level VOM stimulation, LSGP + atropine administration, LSGP + VOM filling with ethanol separately. The effective refractory period (ERP) and window of vulnerability (WOV) at the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV) and left atrial appendage (LAA) were measured. Result: LSGP stimulation significantly shortens the ERP and prolonged the ERP dispersion and WOV in LSPV, LIPV, and LAA. Interestingly, low-level VOM stimulation, atropine administration, or VOM filling with ethanol were able to attenuate the effects of LSGP in all sites. Conclusion: VOM as an inter-communication pathway of ganglionated plexis plays an important role in the development of vagal-related AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanjun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Jin MN, Lim B, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Joung B, Lee MH, Hwang C, Pak HN. Long-Term Outcome of Additional Superior Vena Cava to Septal Linear Ablation in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013985. [PMID: 31726961 PMCID: PMC6915280 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background We previously reported the benefit of linear ablation from the superior vena cava to the right atrial septum (SVC‐L) within a year after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the long‐term effects of SVC‐L and its potential related mechanisms. Methods and Results Among 2140 consecutive patients with AF ablation, we included 614 patients (73.3% male, aged 57.8±10.7 years, 13.7% with persistent AF) who did not undergo an extra–pulmonary vein left atrial ablation after propensity score matching; of those, 307 had additional SVC‐L and 307 had CPVI alone. We evaluated the heart rate variability and computational modeling study to explore mechanisms. Although the procedure time was longer in the SVC‐L group than the CPVI group (P<0.001), the complication rates did not differ (P=0.560). During 40.5±24.4 months of follow‐up, the rhythm outcome was significantly better in the SVC‐L group than the CPVI group (log rank, P<0.001). At 2‐year follow‐up of heart rate variability, a significantly higher mean heart rate (P=0.018) and a lower ratio of low/high‐frequency components (P=0.011) were found with SVC‐L than CPVI alone. In realistic in silico biatrial modeling, which reflected the electroanatomies of 10 patients, SVC‐L significantly reduced biatrial dominant frequency compared with CPVI alone (P<0.001) and increased AF termination and defragmentation rates (P=0.033). Conclusions SVC‐L ablation in addition to CPVI significantly improved the long‐term rhythm outcome over 2 years after AF catheter ablation by mechanisms involving autonomic modulation and AF organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Nyun Jin
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghyun Lim
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Uhm
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hyoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hui-Nam Pak
- Division of Cardiology Yonsei University Health System Seoul Republic of Korea
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Choi EK, Zhao Y, Everett TH, Chen PS. Ganglionated plexi as neuromodulation targets for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28:1485-1491. [PMID: 28833764 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of atrial fibrillation and is one of the candidate targets for atrial fibrillation therapy. This review focuses on the role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation development and discusses the results of the ganglionated plexi catheter and surgical ablation in preclinical and clinical studies. The heart is innervated by the extrinsic and intrinsic autonomic nervous systems. The intrinsic autonomic nervous system consists of multiple ganglionated plexi and axons, which innervate the neighboring atrial myocardium and control their electrophysiological properties. Abnormal autonomic innervation has been observed in an animal model of atrial fibrillation and in humans. Direct recordings of autonomic nerve activity in canine models showed that atrial tachyarrhythmia episodes were invariably preceded by intrinsic cardiac autonomic nerve activity, thus supporting the importance of intrinsic cardiac autonomic nerve activity as the triggers for atrial tachyarrhythmia. Targeting ganglionated plexi with catheter ablation improves the outcomes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation in addition to pulmonary vein antrum isolation. Ablation of ganglionated plexi alone without pulmonary vein isolation is also useful in controlling paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in some patients. However, surgical ganglionated plexi ablation in patients with a large left atrium, persistent atrial fibrillation, and/or a history of prior catheter ablation does not result in additional benefits. These different outcomes suggest that ganglionated plexi ablation is effective in managing patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, but its effects in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and advanced atrial diseases might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Thomas H Everett
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Peng-Sheng Chen
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Park JH, Hong SY, Wi J, Lee DL, Joung B, Lee MH, Pak HN. Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Raises the Plasma Level of NGF-β Which Is Associated with Sympathetic Nerve Activity. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1530-7. [PMID: 26446633 PMCID: PMC4630039 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) is related to cardiac nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyper innervation. We investigated the changes of plasma levels of NGF-β and the relationship to follow-up heart rate variability (HRV) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 147 patients with AF (117 men, 55.8±11.5 years, 106 paroxysmal AF) who underwent RFCA. The plasma levels of NGF-β were quantified using double sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method before (NGF-βpre) and 1 hour after RFCA (NGF-βpost-1 hr). HRV at pre-procedure (HRVpre), 3 months (HRVpost-3 mo), and 1 year post-procedure (HRVpost-1 yr) were analyzed and compared with plasma levels of NGF-β. RESULTS 1) The plasma levels of NGF-β significantly increased after RFCA (20.05±11.09 pg/mL vs. 29.60±19.43 pg/mL, p<0.001). The patients who did not show increased NGF-βpost-1 hr were older (p=0.023) and had greater left atrial volume index (p=0.028) than those with increased NGF-βpost-1 hr. 2) In patients with NGF-βpre>18 pg/mL, low frequency components (LF)/high-frequency components (HF) (p=0.003) and the number of atrial premature contractions (APCs, p=0.045) in HRVpost-3 mo were significantly higher than those with ≤18 pg/mL. 3) The LF/HF at HRVpost-3 mo was linearly associated with the NGF-βpre (B=4.240, 95% CI 1.114-7.336, p=0.008) and the NGF-βpost-1 hr (B=7.617, 95% CI 2.106-13.127, p=0.007). 4) Both NGF-βpre (OR=1.159, 95% CI 1.045-1.286, p=0.005) and NGF-βpost-1 hr (OR=1.098, 95% CI 1.030-1.170, p=0.004) were independent predictors for the increase of LF/HF at HRVpost-3 mo. CONCLUSION AF catheter ablation increases plasma level of NGF-β, and high plasma levels of NGF-βpre was associated with higher sympathetic nerve activity and higher frequency of APCs in HRVpost-3 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yu Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin Wi
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Lyung Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Hyoung Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui-Nam Pak
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
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Loh JT, Nicol AL, Elashoff D, Ferrante FM. Efficacy of needle-placement technique in radiofrequency ablation for treatment of lumbar facet arthropathy. J Pain Res 2015; 8:687-94. [PMID: 26504407 PMCID: PMC4605254 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s84913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have assessed the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation to denervate the facet joint as an interventional means of treating axial low-back pain. In these studies, varying procedural techniques were utilized to ablate the nerves that innervate the facet joints. To date, no comparison studies have been performed to suggest superiority of one technique or even compare the prevalence of side effects and complications. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent a lumbar facet denervation procedure. Each patient’s chart was analyzed for treatment technique (early versus advanced Australian), preprocedural visual numeric scale (VNS) score, postprocedural VNS score, duration of pain relief, and complications. Results Pre- and postprocedural VNS scores and change in VNS score between the two groups showed no significant differences. Patient-reported benefit and duration of relief was greater in the advanced Australian technique group (P=0.012 and 0.022, respectively). The advanced Australian technique group demonstrated a significantly greater median duration of relief (4 months versus 1.5 months, P=0.022). Male sex and no pain-medication use at baseline were associated with decreased postablation VNS scores, while increasing age and higher preablation VNS scores were associated with increased postablation VNS scores. Despite increasing age being associated with increased postablation VNS scores, age and the advanced Australian technique were found to confer greater patient self-reported treatment benefit. Conclusion The advanced Australian technique provides a significant benefit over the early Australian technique for the treatment of lumbar facet pain, both in magnitude and duration of pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Loh
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea L Nicol
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Michael Ferrante
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Waks JW, Josephson ME. Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation - Reentry, Rotors and Reality. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2014; 3:90-100. [PMID: 26835073 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2014.3.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, yet our understanding of the mechanisms that initiate and sustain this arrhythmia remains quite poor. Over the last 50 years, various mechanisms of AF have been proposed, yet none has been consistently observed in both experimental studies and in humans. Recently, there has been increasing interest in understanding how spiral waves or rotors - which are specific, organised forms of functional reentry - sustain human AF and how they might be therapeutic targets for catheter-based ablation. The following review describes the historical understanding of reentry and AF mechanisms from earlier in the 20th century, advances in our understanding of mechanisms that are able to sustain AF with a focus on rotors and complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs), and how the study of AF mechanisms has resulted in new strategies for treating AF with novel forms of catheter ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Waks
- Clinical Fellow in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, US
| | - Mark E Josephson
- Herman C. Dana Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Chief of the Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Director, Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute and Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, US
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Karagueuzian HS. The "nervous" kidney and ventricular fibrillation: a possible game changer? Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:1531-2. [PMID: 23872697 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lo LW, Scherlag BJ, Chang HY, Lin YJ, Chen SA, Po SS. Paradoxical long-term proarrhythmic effects after ablating the “head station” ganglionated plexi of the vagal innervation to the heart. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:751-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Arora R. Recent insights into the role of the autonomic nervous system in the creation of substrate for atrial fibrillation: implications for therapies targeting the atrial autonomic nervous system. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012; 5:850-9. [PMID: 22895601 DOI: 10.1161/circep.112.972273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Arora
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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POKUSHALOV EVGENY, ROMANOV ALEXANDER, ARTYOMENKO SERGEY, TUROV ALEX, SHIROKOVA NATALYA, KATRITSIS DEMOSTHENESG. Left Atrial Ablation at the Anatomic Areas of Ganglionated Plexi for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2010; 33:1231-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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El Oumeiri B, Poncelet AJ, El Khoury G. Why is freedom from atrial fibrillation still lower with endoscopic pulmonary vein isolation than with the Cox maze III procedure? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:1036; author reply 1036-7. [PMID: 19327542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kane TPC, Rogers P, Hazelgrove J, Wimsey S, Harper GD. Pulsed radiofrequency applied to the suprascapular nerve in painful cuff tear arthropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008; 17:436-40. [PMID: 18328740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) applied to the suprascapular nerve for pain relief in medically unfit patients with painful cuff tear arthropathy. Twelve patients with chronic shoulder pain due to cuff tear arthropathy were recruited. The mean age was 68 years (range, 60-83 years). The suprascapular nerve was targeted at the suprascapular notch with PRF. The patients were assessed with the Oxford score, Constant score, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score before ablation and 3 and 6 months after ablation. Statistical analysis was undertaken by use of the Friedman test. Ten patients showed improvement in the VAS score (P = .24) and Constant score (P = .005) and eleven in the Oxford score (P = .001). There was a deterioration in the VAS scores between 3 and 6 months, suggesting that the benefits were starting to wear off with time (P > .05). We conclude that PRF may be a useful therapeutic adjunct in patients with painful, end-stage rotator cuff tear arthropathy who are medically unfit for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P C Kane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Chen LS, Zhou S, Fishbein MC, Chen PS. New Perspectives on the Role of Autonomic Nervous System in the Genesis of Arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007; 18:123-7. [PMID: 16911576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction (MI). There is a circadian variation of the frequency of SCD. Beta-blocker therapy significantly reduces the incidence of SCD after MI. These clinical observations suggest a close association between ventricular arrhythmia and sympathetic activity in patients with MI. Following injury, peripheral nerves undergo Wallerian degeneration, which may be followed by neurilemma cell proliferation and axonal regeneration (nerve sprouting), resulting in sympathetic hyperinnervation. It is possible that the increased innervation after myocardial injury may result in increased sympathetic nerve density, which in turn increases the propensity for cardiac arrhythmia. While this Nerve Sprouting Hypothesis seemed to be intuitive, there was no experimental proof of a causal link between sympathetic nerve sprouting and arrhythmogenesis. We therefore performed several studies to determine the relationship between nerve sprouting and cardiac arrhythmia. We also performed direct sympathetic nerve recording in an animal model of SCD. We found that cardiac sympathetic nerves are highly plastic. In addition to MI and rapid pacing, nerve sprouting and heterogeneous sympathetic hyperinnervation may also be induced by radiofrequency ablation, hypercholesterolemia, and stem cells transplantation. The coexistence of denervated and hyperinnervated area in the diseased myocardium could result in increased electrophysiological heterogeneity during sympathetic activation, leading to ventricular arrhythmia and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan S Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the importance of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in the induction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Clinical studies suggest that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are important in mediating PAF. Consistent with that hypothesis, heart rate variability analyses showed that sympathovagal imbalance is present before the onset of PAF episodes. The importance of the ANS in PAF is further supported by animal experiments and recent clinical studies showing that vagal denervation enhances the efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation in preventing AF recurrence. In vitro studies show that ANS activation facilitates early afterdepolarization and triggered activity by simultaneously prolonging the intracellular calcium (Ca(i)) transient (sympathetic effect) and shortening the action potential duration (parasympathetic effect). By simultaneously mapping the membrane potential and Ca(i) transient in canine pulmonary vein during sympathetic stimulation, we demonstrated that spontaneous (voltage-independent) sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release underlies the mechanisms of focal discharges. We developed and studied canine models of PAF induced by electrical, structural, and neural remodeling. We also have developed methods for long-term continuous recording of sympathetic and vagal nerve activity in ambulatory dogs. Preliminary results show that simultaneous sympathovagal discharges precede the onset of PAF in these dogs. ANS activity and Ca(i) transient dynamics are important in the development of PAF. These studies suggest that new methods or drugs aimed at modification of cardiac ANS activity may lead to new opportunities for AF control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Sheng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Katritsis D, Wood MA, Shepard RK, Giazitzoglou E, Kourlaba G, Ellenbogen KA. Atrial arrhythmias following ostial or circumferential pulmonary vein ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2006; 16:123-30. [PMID: 17103316 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-006-9036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The incidence, clinical significance and optimum treatment of AF ablation-induced proarrhythmia is not entirely known. This report describes the incidence and management of atrial arrhythmias occurring after various techniques for the ablative therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Five hundred and forty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were subjected to ostial pulmonary vein (PV) (n = 204), antral (n = 300), or circumferential (n = 40) ablation around the PV ostia. RESULTS Atrial tachycardia or flutter during the first 6 months after AF ablation was detected in 14 patients and was more common among patients subjected to circumferential or circumferential and linear ablation (18% and 22%, respectively) than to other techniques (p < 0.001). The risk of atrial tachycardia or flutter among patients who underwent ostial, ostial with lines and antral ablation was 1%, 8% and 1%, respectively. No difference was observed in the risk of atrial arrhythmia between patients who underwent ablation with or without additional lines, either ostial (p = 0.17) or circumferential (p = 0.99). Re-ablation was performed in patients with sustained atrial arrhythmia (11 out of 14 patients). At 6 months, no recurrence was seen in 10 of these patients as well as in 3 patients with non-sustained atrial tachycardia or flutter. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of atrial tachycardia or flutter following AF ablation is lower for ostial than circumferential ablation. The addition of lines along the mitral isthmus and between the superior PVs does not significantly affect the risk of ablation-induced arrhythmia. Non-sustained atrial tachycardia or flutter following AF ablation procedures does not always require additional ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes Katritsis
- Department of Cardiology, Athens Euroclinic, 9 Athanassiadou St, Athens, 11521 Greece.
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Yan SH, Hu HS, Wang XL, Xing QC, Wang Q, Shi CW, Cheng WJ, Xue M. Effects of prolonged metoprolol treatment on neural remodeling and inducible ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction in rabbits. Int J Cardiol 2006; 117:317-22. [PMID: 16887215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural remodeling is part of the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we developed a rabbit model of MI to investigate the effect of the beta-blocker metoprolol on ventricular neural remodeling and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 30 rabbits, and sham operations were performed in 12 control animals. Metoprolol was then administered to 15 of the MI animals. After electrophysiological recordings, the expression of nerve markers was studied at the infarct border and the non-infarct left ventricle free wall (LVFW) by immunostaining or RT-PCR. RESULTS Eight weeks after MI, the incidence of inducible ventricular arrhythmias was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the MI group than in the sham group. However, metoprolol treatment decreased incidence of post-MI ventricular arrhythmias (8.3%) compared to those without treatment (58.3%, P<0.001). The density of nerve fibers was increased in MI group (3889+/-521 microm(2)/mm(2)) compared to the sham group (1727+/-304 microm(2)/mm(2)). Treatment of MI rabbits with metoprolol resulted in a partial reduction (2725+/-283 microm(2)/mm(2)). However, the shape and imbalance of nerve fibers appeared to be normalized by the metoprolol treatment. The expression levels of TH mRNA were reduced (P<0.01) by metoprolol treatment. CONCLUSION Metoprolol reduces post-MI ventricular arrhythmias, partly by altering the neural remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Zipes
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Abstract
Mechanisms responsible for atrial fibrillation are not completely understood but the autonomic nervous system is a potentially potent modulator of the initiation, maintenance, termination and ventricular rate determination of atrial fibrillation. Complex interactions exist between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems on the central, ganglionic, peripheral, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels that could be responsible for alterations in conduction and refractoriness properties of the heart as well as the presence and type of triggered activity, all of which could contribute to atrial fibrillation. These dynamic inter-relationships may also be altered dependent upon other neurohumoral modulators and cardiac mechanical effects from ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. The clinical implications regarding the effects of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation are widespread. The effects of modulating ganglionic input into the atria may alter the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation as has been highlighted from ablation investigations. This article reviews what is known regarding the inter-relationships between the autonomic nervous system and atrial fibrillation and provides state of the art information at all levels of autonomic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Olshansky
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Kadish A. Can radiofrequency ablation get on your nerves? Heart Rhythm 2005; 1:718-9. [PMID: 15851244 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2004.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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