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Zhang T, Yang S, Liu W, Bai Q, Gao S. Tai Chi training as a primary care plan for the prevention and management of hypertension: an opinion and positioning article. Ann Med 2024; 56:2320863. [PMID: 38373214 PMCID: PMC10878327 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2320863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition worldwide that can impact patients' quality of life. Oral antihypertensive drugs are widely used to manage high blood pressure, primarily by regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Nevertheless, limited efficacy and low compliance represent significant obstacles, arising primarily from dose, duration, and medication type restrictions. Furthermore, the prolonged use of antihypertensive medication may result in dependence and adverse effects, without any substantial improvement in achieving targeted blood pressure leves. As a result, research has focused on using exercise therapy to treat hypertension. Tai Chi, a widely-practiced Chinese health exercise, has evolved into a form of exercise therapy that might help alleviate the risk associated with hypertension. Therefore, this article aims to outline the role of Tai Chi in preventing and managing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- University Hospital, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Physical Education College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Qingping Bai
- Physical Education College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Monfared V, Hashemi M, Kiani F, Javid R, Yousefi M, Hasani M, Jafari A, Vakili MA, Hasani M. The effect of physical activity intervention on blood pressure in 18 low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Hypertens 2024; 30:22. [PMID: 39085963 PMCID: PMC11293006 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-024-00281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In especially, low and middle-income nations (LMICs), where healthcare access may be restricted, high blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, both of which can even lead to death. Altering one's lifestyle, in conjunction with medical therapy, has been demonstrated to be effective in lowering BP. Recent research has shown that physical activity (PA), in a variety of guises and to varying degrees, can be an effective means of lowering BP. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to evaluate the impact that PA plays in the development of hypertension in LMICs nations. METHODS An exhaustive search of the available research was carried out in order to locate studies that were pertinent. We searched a number of online databases, such as SCOPUS, Medline, and Web of Science, looking for clinical trials that were published before March of 2023. Studies were only considered for inclusion if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), reported on the association between PA and BP, and were carried out in LMICs countries. RESULTS This meta-analysis incorporated a comprehensive collection of 60 studies, encompassing a total of 11,002 people, consisting of 5,630 cases and 5372 controls. The findings indicate that engaging in PA had a notable impact on decreasing systolic blood pressure (SBP), as seen by a weighted mean difference (WMD) of -7.70 mmHg, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from -9.50 to -5.91 (p < 0.001). Additionally, PA was found to have a significant influence on reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as indicated by a WMD of -3.60 mmHg, with a 95% CI ranging from -4.48to -2.73(p < 0.001). The findings from subgroup analysis indicate that the observed results remained statistically significant when considering individuals with baseline SBP of 120 mmHg or lower and DBP of 80 mmHg or lower. CONCLUSION The incorporation of PA can significantly contribute to the mitigation of high BP within LMICs nations. Additional investigation is required to ascertain the most effective form and amount of PA in order to mitigate BP levels within these specific individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Monfared
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Mohtaram Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiani
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reyhane Javid
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdis Hasani
- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Vakili
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hirkan Boulevard, Gorgan, 4918936316, Iran.
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Dong Y, Zhang X, Zhao R, Cao L, Kuang X, Yao J. The effects of mind-body exercise on anxiety and depression in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1305295. [PMID: 38384592 PMCID: PMC10879425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1305295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research directly compares the clinical effects of different types of mind-body exercises on anxiety and depression in older adults. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that meet the inclusion criteria to explore the intervention effects of five different types of mind-body exercises in improving anxiety and depression in older adults. Methods We followed the PRISMA-NMA guidelines and conducted searches in the Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to July 28, 2023. The language was limited to English. Two independent reviewers conducted literature screening and data extraction. Review Manager 5.4 was used to perform Pairwise meta-analysis and risk assessment, while STATA version 15 software was used for network meta-analysis. Result A total of 42 studies, involving 2974 participants, were included. The results of the traditional meta-analysis showed that mind-body exercises were superior to the control group in alleviating anxiety (SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.43, -0.31, p<0.05, I2 = 95%) and depressive (SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.34, p<0.05, I2 = 80%). In the network meta-analysis, the ranking of treatment effects for anxiety showed that Tai Chi > Qigong > Yoga > Dance > control group, while for depression, the ranking showed Tai Chi > Pilates > Yoga > Qigong > Dance > control group. Conclusion This study found that mind-body exercises have positive effects on improving anxiety and depression in older adults. Among the five different types of mind-body exercise interventions, Tai Chi was considered an effective approach for improving anxiety and depression. However, we encourage older adults to choose exercise modalities that suit their interests to enhance adherence. Systematic review registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023464296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Dong
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Rongting Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Lan Cao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoqin Kuang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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Li X, Chang P, Wu M, Jiang Y, Gao Y, Chen H, Tao L, Wei D, Yang X, Xiong X, Yang Y, Pan X, Zhao R, Yang F, Sun J, Yang S, Tian L, He X, Wang E, Yang Y, Xing Y. Effect of Tai Chi vs Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure in Patients With Prehypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2354937. [PMID: 38335001 PMCID: PMC10858403 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Prehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Early and effective intervention for patients with prehypertension is highly important. Objective To assess the efficacy of Tai Chi vs aerobic exercise in patients with prehypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 25, 2019, and January 24, 2022, at 2 tertiary public hospitals in China. Participants included 342 adults aged 18 to 65 years with prehypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg. Interventions Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a Tai Chi group (n = 173) or an aerobic exercise group (n = 169). Both groups performed four 60-minute supervised sessions per week for 12 months. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was SBP at 12 months obtained in the office setting. Secondary outcomes included SBP at 6 months and DBP at 6 and 12 months obtained in the office setting and 24-hour ambulatory BP at 12 months. Results Of the 1189 patients screened, 342 (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [11.9] years; 166 men [48.5%] and 176 women [51.5%]) were randomized to 1 of 2 intervention groups: 173 to Tai Chi and 169 to aerobic exercise. At 12 months, the change in office SBP was significantly different between groups by -2.40 (95% CI, -4.39 to -0.41) mm Hg (P = .02), with a mean (SD) change of -7.01 (10.12) mm Hg in the Tai Chi group vs -4.61 (8.47) mm Hg in the aerobic exercise group. The analysis of office SBP at 6 months yielded similar results (-2.31 [95% CI, -3.94 to -0.67] mm Hg; P = .006). Additionally, 24-hour ambulatory SBP (-2.16 [95% CI, -3.84 to -0.47] mm Hg; P = .01) and nighttime ambulatory SBP (-4.08 [95% CI, -6.59 to -1.57] mm Hg; P = .002) were significantly reduced in the Tai Chi group compared with the aerobic exercise group. Conclusions and Relevance In this study including patients with prehypertension, a 12-month Tai Chi intervention was more effective than aerobic exercise in reducing SBP. These findings suggest that Tai Chi may help promote the prevention of cardiovascular disease in populations with prehypertension. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900024368.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peifen Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Hengwen Chen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center of the Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Yan Yang
- Vasculocardiology Department, Fuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiandu Pan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- YongDingLu Community Health Care Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, BaiLi Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic, Beijing
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Li Tian
- Medical Department of Beijing Gulou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Cardiovascular Department of Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Eryu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Kuang X, Dong Y, Song L, Dong L, Chao G, Zhang X, Yang J. The effects of different types of Tai Chi exercise on anxiety and depression in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1295342. [PMID: 38259770 PMCID: PMC10800705 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1295342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults is steadily increasing. Nonetheless, there remains a scarcity of studies directly comparing the clinical effectiveness of various Tai Chi exercises in addressing anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review and analyze the therapeutic efficacy of four types of Tai Chi interventions in enhancing anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods During the period up to July 26, 2023, searches were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). The language scope encompassed both English and Chinese. Two independent reviewers conducted the literature review and data extraction. Review Manager 5.4 was employed for traditional meta-analysis and risk assessment, while version 15 of STATA software was used for generating evidence and funnel plots for network meta-analysis. This study was registered in PROSPERO number CRD 42023442270. Result In this analysis, a total of 20 studies were included, involving 1798 participants. The findings of the pairwise meta-analysis revealed that Tai Chi intervention was more effective than the control group in reducing anxiety (SMD: -1.19, 95% CI: -2.04, -0.34, p < 0.05) and depression (SMD: -0.65, 95% CI: -0.95, -0.65, p < 0.05) symptoms among older adults. The network meta-analysis specifically focused on anxiety symptoms and found that Yang-style Tai Chi (69.9%) had the most favorable outcome, followed by the 24-form Simplified Tai Chi (66.8%). In terms of depression symptoms, the Tai Chi Exercise Program (92.6%) had the highest performance, followed by Yang-style Tai Chi (77.9%). Conclusion The findings of this study imply that Tai Chi can have beneficial outcomes in the reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms among older individuals. Specifically, when examining various forms of Tai Chi interventions, it was observed that Yang-style Tai Chi exhibited a greater efficacy in alleviating anxiety symptoms, whereas Tai Chi exercise programs demonstrated a higher effectiveness in improving depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, it is strongly advised that older adults select an exercise program that aligns with their interests and preferences, as this can enhance social integration and overall well-being. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023442270, identifier [CRD42023442270].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Kuang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, China
| | - Yangjian Dong
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Long Song
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Guodong Chao
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiefu Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, China
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Dong Y, Kuang X, Dong L, Chao G, Qi J, Zhang X, Yao J. Exploring the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine exercise in alleviating anxiety and depression in older adults: a comprehensive study with randomized controlled trial and network meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1290471. [PMID: 38146395 PMCID: PMC10749367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1290471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety and depression pose a significant global health challenge for elderly individuals. Research has demonstrated the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exercise therapies in alleviating these conditions. However, ongoing debate and uncertainty persist regarding the optimal therapy and its impact on anxiety and depression. This study aims to evaluate and prioritize TCM exercise therapies for anxiety and depression in older adults, to identify the most effective intervention, and to provide a basis for informed decision-making in clinical practice. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including The Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wang Fang, and Wei Pu database up to July 2022. Two researchers independently reviewed all included studies and extracted relevant data. Traditional meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4, while network meta-analysis was conducted using STATA software version 15.1 to generate network evidence plots and funnel plots. Result A total of 30 trials, involving 2,806 participants, met the eligibility criteria. The traditional meta-analysis revealed that TCM exercise significantly improved anxiety (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI = -1.39, -0.26, p = 0.004) and depression (SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -0.85, -0.41, p < 0.01) compared to the control group. In the network meta-analysis, Tai Chi exercise was ranked as the most effective intervention for anxiety (68.3%), followed by Yi Jin Jing (63.6%). For depression, the Tai Chi exercise was ranked as the most effective (87.8%), followed by the Ba Duan Jin exercise (74.1%). Conclusion TCE exercise can improve anxiety and depression in older adults, Among the four TCE exercise therapies included, Tai Chi exercise showed better efficacy than other types of treatment. Nevertheless, further research is required to validate the effectiveness of this exercise therapy through larger and more rigorous clinical trials. Systematic review registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023438697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Dong
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Kuang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi University, Guilin, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Guodong Chao
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Juancai Qi
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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Purgato M, Prina E, Ceccarelli C, Cadorin C, Abdulmalik JO, Amaddeo F, Arcari L, Churchill R, Jordans MJ, Lund C, Papola D, Uphoff E, van Ginneken N, Tol WA, Barbui C. Primary-level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well-being in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 10:CD014722. [PMID: 37873968 PMCID: PMC10594594 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014722.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant research gap in the field of universal, selective, and indicated prevention interventions for mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders. Barriers to closing the research gap include scarcity of skilled human resources, large inequities in resource distribution and utilization, and stigma. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of delivery by primary workers of interventions for the promotion of mental health and universal prevention, and for the selective and indicated prevention of mental disorders or symptoms of mental illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To examine the impact of intervention delivery by primary workers on resource use and costs. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, PsycInfo, WHO ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to 29 November 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of primary-level and/or community health worker interventions for promoting mental health and/or preventing mental disorders versus any control conditions in adults and children in LMICs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standardized mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) were used for continuous outcomes, and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous data, using a random-effects model. We analyzed data at 0 to 1, 1 to 6, and 7 to 24 months post-intervention. For SMDs, 0.20 to 0.49 represented small, 0.50 to 0.79 moderate, and ≥ 0.80 large clinical effects. We evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) using Cochrane RoB2. MAIN RESULTS Description of studies We identified 113 studies with 32,992 participants (97 RCTs, 19,570 participants in meta-analyses) for inclusion. Nineteen RCTs were conducted in low-income countries, 27 in low-middle-income countries, 2 in middle-income countries, 58 in upper-middle-income countries and 7 in mixed settings. Eighty-three RCTs included adults and 30 RCTs included children. Cadres of primary-level workers employed primary care health workers (38 studies), community workers (71 studies), both (2 studies), and not reported (2 studies). Interventions were universal prevention/promotion in 22 studies, selective in 36, and indicated prevention in 55 RCTs. Risk of bias The most common concerns over risk of bias were performance bias, attrition bias, and reporting bias. Intervention effects 'Probably', 'may', or 'uncertain' indicates 'moderate-', 'low-', or 'very low-'certainty evidence. *Certainty of the evidence (using GRADE) was assessed at 0 to 1 month post-intervention as specified in the review protocol. In the abstract, we did not report results for outcomes for which evidence was missing or very uncertain. Adults Promotion/universal prevention, compared to usual care: - probably slightly reduced anxiety symptoms (MD -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.27 to -0.01; 1 trial, 158 participants) - may slightly reduce distress/PTSD symptoms (SMD -0.24, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.08; 4 trials, 722 participants) Selective prevention, compared to usual care: - probably slightly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD -0.69, 95% CI -1.08 to -0.30; 4 trials, 223 participants) Indicated prevention, compared to usual care: - may reduce adverse events (1 trial, 547 participants) - probably slightly reduced functional impairment (SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.15; 4 trials, 663 participants) Children Promotion/universal prevention, compared to usual care: - may improve the quality of life (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.11; 2 trials, 803 participants) - may reduce adverse events (1 trial, 694 participants) - may slightly reduce depressive symptoms (MD -3.04, 95% CI -6 to -0.08; 1 trial, 160 participants) - may slightly reduce anxiety symptoms (MD -2.27, 95% CI -3.13 to -1.41; 1 trial, 183 participants) Selective prevention, compared to usual care: - probably slightly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD 0, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.15; 2 trials, 638 participants) - may slightly reduce anxiety symptoms (MD 4.50, 95% CI -12.05 to 21.05; 1 trial, 28 participants) - probably slightly reduced distress/PTSD symptoms (MD -2.14, 95% CI -3.77 to -0.51; 1 trial, 159 participants) Indicated prevention, compared to usual care: - decreased slightly functional impairment (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.10; 2 trials, 448 participants) - decreased slightly depressive symptoms (SMD -0.18, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.04; 4 trials, 771 participants) - may slightly reduce distress/PTSD symptoms (SMD 0.24, 95% CI -1.28 to 1.76; 2 trials, 448 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicated that prevention interventions delivered through primary workers - a form of task-shifting - may improve mental health outcomes. Certainty in the evidence was influenced by the risk of bias and by substantial levels of heterogeneity. A supportive network of infrastructure and research would enhance and reinforce this delivery modality across LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Purgato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Prina
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Ceccarelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Cadorin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Amaddeo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Rachel Churchill
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mark Jd Jordans
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Crick Lund
- King's Global Health Institute, Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Davide Papola
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Uphoff
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Nadja van Ginneken
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wietse Anton Tol
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Tam HL, Leung LYL, Chan ASW. Effectiveness of Tai Chi in Patients With Hypertension: An Overview of Meta-analyses. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 38:443-453. [PMID: 35507028 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. Hypertension management guidelines recommend regular exercise to control blood pressure. Tai Chi is a low-impact, low- to moderate-intensity exercise that has numerous health benefits. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to perform a review of meta-analyses and summarize the existing information on the health benefits of Tai Chi for patients with hypertension. METHODS This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Eight health-related databases were systematically searched from their inception to March 2021 to identify the relevant meta-analyses. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the evidence. RESULTS A total of 6 relevant meta-analyses were included in this review: 3 were rated as critically low in quality, 2 were rated low, and 1 was rated high. In the included meta-analyses, Tai Chi showed many benefits for patients with hypertension. In addition to improving blood pressure, the blood lipid profile, blood sugar, body measurements, and quality of life of patients improved significantly after practicing Tai Chi. CONCLUSION Tai Chi may be considered an effective and safe alternative exercise for patients with hypertension.
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Wang JG, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu L. Hypertension in China: epidemiology and treatment initiatives. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:531-545. [PMID: 36631532 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The past two to three decades have seen a steady increase in the prevalence of hypertension in China, largely owing to increased life expectancy and lifestyle changes (particularly among individuals aged 35-44 years). Data from the China hypertension survey conducted in 2012-2015 revealed a high prevalence of grade 3 hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg) in the general population, which increased with age to up to 5% among individuals aged ≥65 years. The risk profile of patients with hypertension in China has also been a subject of intense study in the past 30 years. Dietary sodium and potassium intake have remained largely the same in China in the past three decades, and salt substitution strategies seem to be effective in reducing blood pressure levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death. However, the number of individuals with risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in general, such as physical inactivity and obesity, has increased dramatically in the same period. Moreover, even in patients diagnosed with hypertension, their disease is often poorly managed owing to a lack of patient education and poor treatment compliance. In this Review, we summarize the latest epidemiological data on hypertension in China, discuss the risk factors for hypertension that are specific to this population, and describe several ongoing nationwide hypertension control initiatives that target these risk factors, especially in the low-resource rural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Guang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Research Centre for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Research Centre for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Research Centre for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
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Htun HL, Teshale AB, Cumpston MS, Demos L, Ryan J, Owen A, Freak-Poli R. Effectiveness of social prescribing for chronic disease prevention in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:265-276. [PMID: 36813546 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social prescribing (SP) enables healthcare professionals to link patients with non-medical interventions available in the community to address underlying socioeconomic and behavioural determinants. We synthesised the evidence to understand the effectiveness of SP for chronic disease prevention. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using five databases and two registries. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials of SP among community-dwelling adults recruited from primary care or community setting, investigating any chronic disease risk factors defined by the WHO (behavioural factors: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and excessive alcohol consumption; metabolic factors: raised blood pressure, overweight/obesity, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia). Random effect meta-analyses were performed at two time points: completion of intervention and follow-up after trial. RESULTS We identified nine reports from eight trials totalling 4621 participants. All studies evaluated SP exercise interventions which were highly heterogeneous regarding the content, duration, frequency and length of follow-up. Majority of studies had some concerns for risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed that SP likely increased physical activity (completion: mean difference (MD) 21 min/week, 95% CI 3 to 39, I2=0%; follow-up ≤12 months: MD 19 min/week, 95% CI 8 to 29, I2=0%). However, SP may not improve markers of adiposity, blood pressure, glucose and serum lipid. There were no eligible studies that primarily target unhealthy diet, smoking and excessive alcohol drinking behaviours. CONCLUSIONS SP exercise interventions probably increased physical activity slightly; however, no benefits were observed for metabolic factors. Determining whether SP is effective in modifying the determinants of chronic diseases and promotes sustainable healthy behaviours is limited by the current evidence of quantification and uncertainty, warranting further rigorous studies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022346687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet Lin Htun
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Miranda S Cumpston
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Demos
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Disease Management Association (ADMA), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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The Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2897664. [PMID: 36818230 PMCID: PMC9935892 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2897664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the increasing number of patients with hypertension, exercise intervention is an excellent alternative or adjunctive treatment for hypertension. Traditional Chinese exercises are excellent physical and mental exercise methods. Although some studies have reviewed the effects of Chinese traditional exercise on patients with hypertension, most of the reviews only involved a single category of traditional exercise. Furthermore, few studies have conducted in-depth analysis of the combined intervention methods of traditional Chinese exercise, and there are high heterogeneity. This study evaluates the current clinical evidence of Chinese traditional exercises in the treatment of essential hypertension. A total of 49 randomized controlled trials with 4207 hypertensive patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria by searching all relevant studies from the establishment of six electronic databases until September 10, 2022. Among them, 24 used tai chi and 25 used Qigong, including Yijinjing, Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, Baduanjin, and Guolin Qigong. This study divided four subgroups according to the type of intervention to explore the source of heterogeneity among studies and found that traditional Chinese exercises can assist or even may replace traditional treatments. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the use of antihypertensive drugs alone or in health education, the addition of Chinese traditional exercises showed significant effects in regulating the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Although the results show that traditional Chinese exercise are effective, the clinical evidence will be affected by the low quality of most randomized controlled trials. More rigorously designed trials are needed in the future to further validate it.
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12
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Yin Y, Yu Z, Wang J, Sun J. Effects of the different Tai Chi exercise cycles on patients with essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1016629. [PMID: 36937925 PMCID: PMC10020615 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1016629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The main treatment for essential hypertension at this stage is pharmacotherapy. Long-term pharmacotherapy is costly with some side effects. Tai Chi, a bright star in traditional Chinese arts, relaxes both mind and body and has been shown to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This study aimed to systematically review the therapeutic effectiveness of the Tai Chi exercise cycle on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors of patients with essential hypertension. Methods Searching CNKI, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to collect randomized controlled trials about Tai Chi exercise in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search time ranged from the date of database construction to December 2022. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the included trials. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.3 and Stata12.0 software. Results According to the meta-analysis, compared with the controls, Tai Chi exercise with a cycle of more than 12 weeks may be better for the reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD = -11.72, 95% CI (-15.52, -7.91)] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD = -4.68, 95% CI (-7.23, -2.12)], as well as increasing the content of nitric oxide (NO) [MD = 0.99, 95% CI (0.69, 1.28)]. The blood lipid metabolism ability may also be improved after more than 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise, total cholesterol (TC) [SMD = -0.68, 95% CI (-0.89, -0.46), triglyceride (TG) [SMD = -0.84, 95% CI (-1.25, -0.43)], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [SMD = -1.58, 95% CI (-2.29, -0.86)]. However, the improvement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [SMD = 0.54, 95% CI (0.28, 0.79)] was better with a less than 12 weeks exercise cycle. A subgroup analysis for exercise frequency and time showed that the exercise frequency should preferably be more than or equal to 5 times per week for patients with hypertension, and for patients with hypertension plus hyperlipidemia, the exercise frequency less than 5 times per week with exercise time less than 60 min each day may be more beneficial. Conclusion The meta-analysis indicated that a more than 12 weeks Tai Chi exercise cycle with less than 60 min each time and more than 5 times per week may be more beneficial in blood pressure reduction, NO level increasing and blood lipid metabolism improving in the comparison with the other exercise cycles. For patients with hypertension plus hyperlipidemia, exercise frequency of less than 5 times per week may be better. Systematic Review Registration [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022352035].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yin
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: Junzhi Sun
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Li X, Gao Y, Wu M, Wei D, Xiong X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Pan X, Zhao R, Yang F, Sun J, Yang S, Tian L, Ban L, Li X, Chang P, Xing Y. Effect of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise on blood pressure in prehypertension patients (TCOBPP): a study protocol for a 12-month single-blind randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:1001. [PMID: 36510218 PMCID: PMC9743705 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with optimal blood pressure (BP), the prehypertension increases the risk of incident hypertension, cardiovascular (CV) events, and death. Moderate intensity of regular physical activity can reduce BP. However, aerobic exercise has some limitations. As a safe, low-impact, enjoyable, and inexpensive form of exercise that requires minimal equipment and space, Tai Chi is expected as a viable alternative to aerobic exercise. The study aimed to assess the effect of Tai Chi intervention program, compared with aerobic exercise, on the BP in prehypertension patients. METHODS This study is a 12-month, two-center, single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial. Three hundred forty-two patients with prehypertension [with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the range of 120 mmHg to 139 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the range of 80 mmHg to 89 mmHg] are randomized to one of two intervention groups in a 1:1 ratio: Tai Chi or aerobic exercise. BP monitoring methods of office blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) are used at the same time to detect BP in multiple dimensions. The primary outcome is the comparison of SBP change from baseline to 12 months in Tai Chi group and SBP change from baseline to 12 months in aerobic exercise group. The secondary endpoints are as following: (1) the comparison of DBP of office blood pressure change from baseline to 12 months between Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group, (2) the comparison of BP and the variability of BP assessed through ABPM change from baseline to 12 months between Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group, (3) the comparison of BP assessed through HBPM change from baseline to 12 months between Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group. DISCUSSION This will be the first randomized controlled trial to specifically study the benefits of Tai Chi on the blood pressure control in patients with prehypertension. The successful completion of this study will help to provide evidence for whether Tai Chi is more desirable than aerobic exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900024368. Registered on 7 July 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=39478&htm=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Li
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- grid.412073.3Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Min Wu
- grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Dawei Wei
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.412073.3Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yan Yang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.412073.3Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Xiandu Pan
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Ran Zhao
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Li Tian
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China ,grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Linqiang Ban
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xingye Li
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Peifen Chang
- grid.412073.3Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- grid.464297.aGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
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Leung LYL, Tam HL, Ho JKM. Effectiveness of Tai Chi on older adults: A systematic review of systematic reviews with re-meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 103:104796. [PMID: 36058045 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This overview study examined and synthesized the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on the physical conditions, psychological conditions, cognitive abilities, and quality of life (QoL) of older adults. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Using Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, English-language systematic reviews (SRs) published within the latest decade (2010-2020) were included. SRs with meta-analysis were selected if TC was the examined intervention and older adults was the targeted population. A total of 16 SRs covering 89 original studies were included. A number of the pooled results of the included SRs were inconclusive. Taking into consideration of the new meta-analyses of this study, TC significantly improved most outcomes, including the mobility, pain level, physical function, psychological distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, global cognitive function, mental speed and attention, learning ability, verbal fluency, executive function, and QoL of older adults. TC can be an effective intervention for older adults for improving physical and psychological conditions, cognitive abilities, and QoL. Additional high-quality studies with larger samples investigating the effectiveness of TC in older adults are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Yuen Ling Leung
- The Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ 07043-2314, USA; Canadian Academy of Independent Scholar, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hon Lon Tam
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau; The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jonathan Ka Ming Ho
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong
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The effect of an evidence-based Tai chi intervention on the fatigue-sleep disturbance-depression symptom cluster in breast cancer patients: A preliminary randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2022; 61:102202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Network Meta-Analysis of the Antihypertensive Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Patients with Essential Hypertension. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9419037. [PMID: 36032544 PMCID: PMC9402382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9419037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) have been gradually used to reduce the blood pressure levels of patients with essential hypertension. However, there are several types of TCEs, and there is no comparative study on the antihypertensive effects of various TCEs in patients with essential hypertension. Objective The objective is to compare the therapeutic effects of Taijiquan (TJQ), Baduanjin (BDJ), Wuqinxi (WQX), and Yijinjing (YJJ) on essential hypertension and provide a reference for clinical treatment and scheme optimization. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Scientific Journal Database, China Biology Medicine database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to collect all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCEs in the treatment of essential hypertension. The search time was from the establishment of each database to November 2021. After data extraction and quality evaluation, the network meta-analysis was performed with Stata 16.0 and ADDIS 1.16.8. Results Finally, 45 RCTs involving 3864 patients were included. Network meta-analysis showed that YJJ had the best effect in reducing systolic blood pressure, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = −14.27, 95% CI = (−20.53∼−8.08), P < 0.05]. The best probability ranking was YJJ (P=0.736) > TJQ (P=0.203) > WQX (P=0.059) > BDJ (P=0.002). In terms of reducing diastolic blood pressure, the treatment effect of YJJ was the best, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = −7.77, 95% CI (−12.19∼−3.33), P < 0.05]. The best probability ranking was YJJ (P=0.702) > TJQ (P=0.178) > WQX (P=0.095) > BDJ (P=0.025). Conclusion The results showed that TCEs significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the control group, and YJJ might be the best choice. However, a larger sample, multicenter, double-blinded, high-quality RCTs are needed to make clear conclusions.
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Li Y, Cao Y, Ding M, Li G, Han X, Zhou S, Wuyang H, Luo X, Zhang J, Jiang J. Non-pharmacological interventions for older patients with hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:71-80. [PMID: 35850034 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective non-pharmacological interventions to control the blood pressure variation in older hypertensive patients. METHODS Primary endpoints were office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The quality of evidence was assessed using the "risk of bias 2″ tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis using R-4.0.2 software to compare the efficacy of interventions. RESULTS 36 eligible studies (3,531 patients) with a median follow-up of 12 weeks, assessing 18 non-pharmacological interventions, were included. The percentages of high, moderate, low, and very low certainty evidence were 16.7%, 38.9%, 33.3%, and 11.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION High certainty evidence suggests that self-management education is most effective in lowering SBP and DBP in older patients with hypertension, followed by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Moderate-intensity resistance training is the most effective exercise for lowering SBP. REGISTRATION PROSPERO, #CRD42020209850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yongwen Cao
- Planning and Finance Department of Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Mingfeng Ding
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haotian Wuyang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolei Luo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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18
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Comparison of the effects of Tai Chi and general aerobic exercise on weight, blood pressure and glycemic control among older persons with depressive symptoms: a randomized trial. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 35525971 PMCID: PMC9077840 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood pressure and glycemic control are associated with the management of depressive symptoms in patients with depression. Previous studies have demonstrated that both Tai Chi and aerobic exercise have positive effects on blood pressure and glycemic control. Few studies have compared the physiological effects of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise in older adults with depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Tai Chi and aerobic exercise on weight, body mass index, blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in older persons with mild to moderate-severe depressive symptoms. Methods A randomized controlled trial was performed. The older persons (age ≥ 60 years old) with depressive symptoms were recruited. Then, participants were randomly allocated to the Tai Chi group and the aerobic exercise group received a 12-week 24-movement Yang’s Tai Chi intervention and aerobic exercise, respectively. Data collection occurred at baseline and after completion of the interventions (week 12). Results A total of 238 participants with mild to moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were included in the final analysis, including 120 in the Tai Chi group and 118 in the aerobic exercise group. The difference in weight and body mass index in the Tai Chi group was 2.0 kg (Z = -4.930, P < 0.001) and 0.77 kg/m2 (Z = -5.046, P < 0.001) higher than that in the aerobic exercise group, respectively. After the 12-week intervention, the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in the Tai Chi group were 5.50 mmHg (Z = -2.282, P = 0.022) and 8.0 mmHg (Z = -3.360, P = 0.001) lower than that in the aerobic exercise group, respectively. The difference in HbA1c level in the Tai Chi group was 0.50% higher than that in the aerobic exercise group (Z = -4.446, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study showed that Tai Chi exercise was more effective in improving blood pressure and HbA1c level than general aerobic exercise. It suggested that Tai Chi might be an effective approach for the management of blood pressure and long-term glucose control in older persons with depressive symptoms. Trial registration Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100042534. Registration date: 23/01/2021, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=120602.
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Yang G, Li W, Klupp N, Cao H, Liu J, Bensoussan A, Kiat H, Karamacoska D, Chang D. Does tai chi improve psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors? A systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 34983493 PMCID: PMC8725570 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological risk factors have been recognised as potential, modifiable risk factors in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Tai Chi, a mind-body exercise, has the potential to improve psychological well-being and quality of life. We aim to assess the effects and safety of Tai Chi on psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We searched for randomised controlled trials evaluating Tai Chi for psychological well-being and quality of life in people with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors, from major English and Chinese databases until 30 July 2021. Two authors independently conducted study selection and data extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Review Manager software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 37 studies (38 reports) involving 3525 participants in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor. Positive effects of Tai Chi on stress, self-efficacy, and mood were found in several individual studies. Meta-analyses demonstrated favourable effects of Tai Chi plus usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD - 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 2.55, - 1.70, 3 studies, I2 = 60%) and depression (SMD -0.86, 95% CI: - 1.35, - 0.37, 6 studies, I2 = 88%), and improving mental health (MD 7.86, 95% CI: 5.20, 10.52, 11 studies, I2 = 71%) and bodily pain (MD 6.76, 95% CI: 4.13, 9.39, 11 studies, I2 = 75%) domains of the 36-Item Short Form Survey (scale from 0 to 100), compared with usual care alone. Tai Chi did not increase adverse events (RR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.20, 5 RCTs, I2 = 0%), compared with control group. However, less than 30% of included studies reported safety information. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi seems to be beneficial in the management of anxiety, depression, and quality of life, and safe to practice in people with CVD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Monitoring and reporting of safety information are highly recommended for future research. More well-designed studies are warranted to determine the effects and safety of Tai Chi on psychological well-being and quality of life in this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42016042905. Registered on 26 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Yang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610036, Sichuan, China
| | - Nerida Klupp
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2122, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Effects of Three Traditional Chinese Fitness Exercises Combined with Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2570472. [PMID: 34754311 PMCID: PMC8572593 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2570472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare the efficacy of three different traditional Chinese exercises (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Wuqinxi) combined with antihypertensive drugs (AHD) on patients with essential hypertension (EH). Method Eight electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of traditional Chinese fitness exercises combined with AHD and AHD alone. The analysis mainly consists of network meta-analysis (NMA) and pairwise meta-analysis. The Cochrane assessment tool was adopted to assess the risk of bias of included literatures. This study used STATA/SE 15.1 (StataCorp, 2017), R software (version 4.0.1), and Cochrane's Review Manager software (version 5.4) to conduct data analysis and figures generation. Results A total of 30 RCTs were included in this study, of which 16 evaluated Tai Chi plus AHD versus AHD, 11 evaluated Baduanjin plus AHD versus AHD, and 3 evaluated Wuqinxi plus AHD versus AHD. No RCT compared directly among the three traditional Chinese fitness exercises. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that Tai Chi plus AHD was significantly superior to AHD alone in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). BDJ plus AHD was statistically superior to AHD alone in reducing SBP, DBP, and endothelin (ET) and increasing nitric oxide (NO). NMA results indicated that Tai Chi plus AHD (WMD −12.42 mmHg, 95% CI: −15.29 to −9.55) and Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD −7.03 mmHg, 95% CI: −9.80 to −4.26) were superior to AHD, and Tai Chi was more effective than other traditional exercises in lowering SBP, Tai Chi plus AHD (WMD −7.56 mmHg, 95% CI: −10.15 to −4.96) and Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD −4.51 mmHg, 95% CI: −7.38 to −1.65) were superior to AHD in reducing DBP, Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD 4.26 μmol/L, 95%CI: 2.68 to 5.83) was statistically superior to AHD in increasing NO, and Tai Chi plus AHD (WMD −7.64 pg/ml, 95% CI: −10.46 to −4.83) and Baduanjin plus AHD (WMD −9.23 pg/ml, 95% CI: −10.85 to −7.61) were superior to AHD in lowering ET. Conclusion Compared with AHD alone, both Tai Chi plus AHD and Baduanjin plus AHD showed significant benefit in regulating SBP, DBP, and ET. Among the three traditional Chinese fitness exercises, Tai Chi may be the best as an adjunctive therapy for SBP reduction. These findings provided evidence for the therapeutic benefit of either Tai Chi or Baduanjin exercise as an adjunct therapy for patients with EH. Limited by the methodological quality and quantity of included studies, results need to be interpreted with caution, and it is necessary to carry out further high-quality RCTs on traditional Chinese fitness exercise-assisted treatment of EH in the future.
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Tan KHL, Siah CJR. Effects of low-to-moderate physical activities on older adults with chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:2072-2086. [PMID: 34664329 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Examined the evidence of low-to-moderate-intensity physical activities to assess the effect in managing hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia conditions among community-dwelling older adult. BACKGROUND Physical activity is recommended for the maintenance and improvement of health. However, high-intensity physical activity may adversely impact exercise adherence by older adults. DESIGN This review was conducted with reference to methods set out in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The PRISMA statement was employed to guide the reporting of the systematic review and meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Seven electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles that were published in English from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020. REVIEW METHOD This review included randomised controlled trials and cluster-randomised controlled trials on interventions of physical activities with low-to-moderate intensities compared against usual care without physical activities. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan, with Cochran Q and I2 used for determining heterogeneity. The overall effect was reviewed with z scores. RESULTS Fifteen randomised controlled trials with 940 total participants were evaluated. Low-to-moderate-intensity physical activity significantly improved systolic blood pressure [Z = 3.59, p = .0003], HbA1C [Z = 2.10, p = .04] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels [Z = 3.83, p = .0001], compared to usual care. A further subgroup analysis found no significant difference in systolic blood pressure level after three sessions a week as well as after three months. There were insufficient papers to evaluate for both HbA1C and HDL levels. CONCLUSION Regular physical activity ranging from low-to-moderate intensity should be encouraged among older adults with chronic diseases. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE This review suggested that low-to-moderate levels of physical activity could be encouraged among community-dwelling older adults to improve their physical health.
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22
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Tai Chi as a Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4094325. [PMID: 34527058 PMCID: PMC8437614 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4094325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study systematically evaluated the effects of Tai Chi exercise on blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with hypertension. A meta-analysis was performed to provide a reliable reference for clinical practice. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in five English databases and two Chinese databases, with the earliest data dated December 5, 2020. A quality assessment of the methods and a meta-analysis were also conducted. Results The meta-analysis of 24 studies showed that the intervention group showed better outcomes in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD −1.05, 95% CI −1.44 to −0.67, P ≤ 0.001; I2 = 93.7%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD −0.91, 95% CI −1.24 to −0.58, P ≤ 0.001; I2 = 91.9%), and QOL (physical functioning (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.37, P=0.001; I2 = 91.3%), role-physical (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.11, P ≤ 0.001; I2 = 65%), general health (SMD 0.75, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.17, P=0.001; I2 = 88.1%), bodily pain (SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.00, P ≤ 0.001; I2 = 83.1%), vitality (SMD 0.71, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.07, P ≤ 0.001; I2 = 84.3%), social functioning (SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.19, P=0.027; I2 = 93.1%), role-emotional (SMD 0.64, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.06, P=0.003; I2 = 88.1%), and mental health (SMD 0.73, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.16, P=0.001; I2 = 88.2%)) compared to those of the control group. However, no significant improvements were seen in BMI of the intervention group (SMD −0.08, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.19, P=0.554; I2 = 69.4%) compared to that of the control group. Conclusion Tai Chi is an effective intervention to improve SBP and DBP in patients with essential hypertension.
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He M, Yang S, Miao Y, Zhang W, Zhu D, Xu D. Four-week Tai Chi intervention decreases attention bias to drug cues in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:638-648. [PMID: 34325579 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1950745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mind-body exercise is used for the rehabilitation of individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). Attention bias to substances is an important index of MUD. However, whether a mind-body exercise intervention can decrease attention bias is unclear.Objective: This study aimed to test the effect of a four-week Tai Chi (a Chinese traditional mind-body exercise) exercise program on the attention bias of individuals with MUD.Methods: Thirty-two men with MUD and without Tai Chi practice experience were recruited and randomly assigned to either a Tai Chi exercise group or a control group. The Tai Chi group received four-week Tai Chi training, while the control group engaged in daily exercise (including radio gymnastics and Jianxincao, two kinds of free-hand exercises). During a drug-related Stroop task, participants were instructed to respond to the color of the word ignoring the word type (drug-related or neutral words). The reaction time and d' (the index of sensitivity) were measured.Results: The participants showed attention bias to substance cues; the reaction time was slower for drug-related words than for neutral words (p < .05). After the Tai Chi intervention, the Tai Chi group showed a faster reaction time (ps < .05) and a smaller d' (ps < .05) than the baseline across all the word types. In contrast, the control group showed no differences (ps > .05).Conclusion: Four-week Tai Chi intervention reduced sensitivity and attentional bias to drug-related cues in individuals with MUD, suggesting that mind-body exercise might enhance recovery from MUD via attention control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng He
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Miao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikun Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of International Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Bureau of Drug Rehabilitation Administration, Shanghai, China
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Chau JPC, Leung LYL, Liu X, Lo SHS, Choi KC, Zhao J, Chiang HCY. Effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes among community-dwelling adults with or at risk of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101445. [PMID: 34260997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review evaluated the effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes among community-dwelling adults with or at risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in 10 databases. Data were statistically pooled for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty RCTs were included. One study involved adults with MetS, and the other 19 studies involved adults with at least one risk factor for MetS. Tai Chi was found to reduce waist circumference and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese adults. Tai Chi also reduces waist circumference, body mass index, blood glucose level, insulin resistance, and increases the quality of life (QoL) in adults with elevated blood glucose/type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Among participants with hypertension, Tai Chi improves blood pressure, lipid profiles, anxiety, depression, and physical QoL. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi may be effective for enhancing the physiological and psychosocial wellbeing of community-dwelling adults at risk of MetS. Further RCTs are needed to examine its effects in adults with MetS and identify optimal regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita Pak Chun Chau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leona Yuen Ling Leung
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Liu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Chow Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Chung Yan Chiang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Feasibility of Implementing a Tai Chi Program in an Assisted Living Facility: Reducing Fall Risks and Improving Quality of Life. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061277. [PMID: 33808636 PMCID: PMC8003394 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One in four American older adults fall every year, resulting in injuries, death, and significant financial burden. Although fall etiology is multifactorial, the medical problems and aging factors that lead to unsteady gait and imbalance represent one of the major fall risks among older adults. A growing number of research studies support the health benefits of regular Tai Chi (TC) practice including improved physical, cognitive, and psychological function. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the feasibility of establishing a 12-week (45 min per session) Tai Chi (TC) program (Sun Style Tai Chi) in a 75 bed assisted living facility as well as to evaluate the potential of the TC program to improve the fear of falling and functional mobility (as proxy for fall risk) and quality of life (QoL). A nurse who was a certified TC instructor taught the program. Twenty-three participants, 96% female and 96% white, mean (SD) age 83 (±7) years, attended one or more TC classes. Class attendance, self-reported questionnaires (e.g., fear of falling, QoL), and objective measure Timed Up and Go (TUG) were used to collect data. Nine participants (39%) completed 9 out of 12 sessions. Eleven participants (48%) completed both pre- and post-intervention measurements and twelve (52%) provided feedback on a post-intervention satisfaction survey. Participants showed 20% improvement in fear of falling (mean relative change) and 21% decrease (mean relative change) in TUG test (p = 0.001) with no clinically important changes in QoL. This quality improvement project suggested that TC is a feasible exercise that might have the potential to reduce risk of falls in older adults, and the program was well accepted with no serious or other adverse events reported. Further research studies are needed to examine the potential effects of TC programs with an appropriately powered RCT and longer intervention period.
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26
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Clinical Evidence of Tai Chi Exercise Prescriptions: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5558805. [PMID: 33777155 PMCID: PMC7972853 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5558805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review aims to summarize the existing literature on Tai Chi randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recommend Tai Chi exercise prescriptions for different diseases and populations. Methods A systematic search for Tai Chi RCTs was conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Web of Science) from their inception to December 2019. SPSS 20.0 software and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used to analyze the data, and the risk of bias tool in the RevMan 5.3.5 software was used to evaluate the methodological quality of RCTs. Results A total of 139 articles were identified, including diseased populations (95, 68.3%) and healthy populations (44, 31.7%). The diseased populations included the following 10 disease types: musculoskeletal system or connective tissue diseases (34.7%), circulatory system diseases (23.2%), mental and behavioral disorders (12.6%), nervous system diseases (11.6%), respiratory system diseases (6.3%), endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases (5.3%), neoplasms (3.2%), injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (1.1%), genitourinary system diseases (1.1%), and diseases of the eye and adnexa (1.1%). Tai Chi exercise prescription was generally classified as moderate intensity. The most commonly applied Tai Chi style was Yang style (92, 66.2%), and the most frequently specified Tai Chi form was simplified 24-form Tai Chi (43, 30.9%). 12 weeks and 24 weeks, 2-3 times a week, and 60 min each time was the most commonly used cycle, frequency, and time of exercise in Tai Chi exercise prescriptions. Conclusions We recommend the more commonly used Tai Chi exercise prescriptions for different diseases and populations based on clinical evidence of Tai Chi. Further clinical research on Tai Chi should be combined with principles of exercise prescription to conduct large-sample epidemiological studies and long-term prospective follow-up studies to provide more substantive clinical evidence for Tai Chi exercise prescriptions.
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Wu Y, Johnson BT, Chen S, Chen Y, Livingston J, Pescatello LS. Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:211-221. [PMID: 32360952 PMCID: PMC7987647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional health organizations are not currently recommending Tai Ji Quan alongside aerobic exercise to treat hypertension. We aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy. METHODS Tai Ji Quan interventions published in English and Chinese were included when they involved healthy adults, reported pre- and post-intervention blood pressure (BP), and had a non-exercise/non-diet control group. We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for studies published through July 31, 2018, yielding 31 qualifying controlled trials. We (1) evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study quality, (2) performed meta-regression analyses following random-effects assumptions, and (3) generated additive models representing the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions. RESULTS Participants (n = 3223) were middle-aged (56.6 ± 15.1 years of age, mean ± SD) adults with prehypertension (systolic BP (SBP) = 136.9 ± 15.2 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) = 83.4 ± 8.7 mmHg). Tai Ji Quan was practiced 4.0 ± 1.4 sessions/week for 54.0 ± 10.6 min/session for 22.3 ± 20.2 weeks. Overall, Tai Ji Quan elicited significant reductions in SBP (-11.3 mmHg, 95%CI: -14.6 to -8.0; d+ = -0.75) and DBP (-4.8 mmHg, 95%CI: -6.4 to -3.1; d+ = -0.53) vs. control (p < 0.001). Controlling for publication bias among samples with hypertension, Tai Ji Quan trials published in English elicited SBP reductions of 10.4 mmHg and DBP reductions of 4.0 mmHg, which was half the magnitude of trials published in Chinese (SBP reductions of 18.6 mmHg and DBP reductions of 8.8 mmHg). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful BP reductions (i.e., 10.4 mmHg and 4.0 mmHg of SBP and DBP reductions, respectively) among individuals with hypertension. Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jill Livingston
- Homer Babbidge Library, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Song Y, Li J, István B, Xuan R, Wei S, Zhong G, Gu Y. Current Evidence on Traditional Chinese Exercises for Quality of Life in Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:627518. [PMID: 33553269 PMCID: PMC7854897 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.627518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases seen in primary human health care that could lead to various health problems and reduce the quality of life (QOL). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises (TCE) on QOL in patients with essential hypertension. Three English databases and one Chinese database were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) until August 2020. A total of 13 RCTs with 1,361 hypertensive patients met the inclusion criteria, 10 trials employed Tai Chi and 3 trials employed Qigong, including Dongeui Qinggong, Yijinjing, and Wuqinxi. Despite a large heterogeneity within studies, it is demonstrated that TCE may be an effective therapy to improve the QOL of hypertensive patients. More specific, compared with no intervention, the meta-analysis presented that Tai Chi significantly improved both the physical and mental component of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) QOL scale, and it was found that the simplified 24-form Tai Chi with a frequency of 30–50 min per session at five to eight sessions per week was the most commonly used setting. The pooling also revealed that Tai Chi and Qigong had some significantly positive effects on QOL based on other scales. However, more rigorously designed RCTs are warranted for further verification. This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated that Tai Chi may be an effective therapy to improve the QOL of patients with essential hypertension. All these findings provide helpful information for hypertensive patients and medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jialin Li
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bíró István
- Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of T.C.M., Ningbo, China
| | | | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Li Y, Zhong D, Dong C, Shi L, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Zheng H, Li J, Liu T, Jin R. The effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi for patients with essential hypertension: study protocol for an open-label single-center randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:23. [PMID: 33413354 PMCID: PMC7792191 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence showed that Tai Chi may have beneficial effects among hypertensive individuals, although the results are not convincing. We aim to conduct a high-quality clinical trial with 24-h BP measurement to provide robust evidence of Tai Chi for essential hypertension. METHODS This is an open-label single-center randomized controlled trial with 3 parallel arms. We will compare Tai Chi with walking and waiting-list control. We will recruit 234 hypertensive patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and randomly assign them to 3 different groups. Participants in Tai Chi group will receive a group-format Yang style 24-form Tai Chi exercise program, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The walking group will be asked to walk, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The waiting-list group will not receive any interventions and/or exercise training. The primary outcome is the change in average 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) between baseline and 12 weeks after randomization. The secondary outcomes include 24-h Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), average SBP and average DBP during the daytime and night-time, blood pressure (BP) variability, SBP load and DBP load, circadian rhythm of BP, and morning BP surge, endothelial functional indicators, home measured BP, quality of life, adverse events and so on. DISCUSSION We expect findings of this trial will provide important insight into application of Tai Chi as an effective and acceptable method for hypertensive patients. Successful completion of this proposed study will also contribute to promotion of Tai Chi in the community in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267471 , date: February 12, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Dong
- The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling Zheng
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoqin Li
- Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Sports, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Koren Y, Leveille S, You T. Tai Chi Interventions Promoting Social Support and Interaction Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2021; 14:126-137. [PMID: 34039148 PMCID: PMC9836824 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20210325-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tai chi is known to improve balance and reduce falls in older adults. Yet, little is known about the impact of group tai chi on perceived social support and its relationship with participant self-efficacy and adherence. The current systematic review, guided by Social Cognitive Theory and Successful Aging, includes an overview of tai chi interventions with and without enhancements (e.g., music, mentorship, group practice) that evaluated social support among their outcomes (N = 10). PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies eligible under the inclusion criteria: sample population aged ≥60 years and published between 1999 and 2019. Four articles reported on tai chi interventions with specific enhancements to promote social interaction and reported increased perceived social support (p < 0.05). Six studies evaluated social support outcomes of tai chi programs without specific modifications to promote social engagement. Four of the six traditional tai chi intervention studies reported improved social support (p < 0.05). Group tai chi interventions for older adults may increase social support and therefore further increase health benefits of tai chi exercise among this population. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(3), 126-137.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Koren
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Leveille
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tongjian You
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Miller KJ, Areerob P, Hennessy D, Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Mesagno C, Grace F. Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise are equivalent to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. F1000Res 2020; 9:1325. [PMID: 34158928 PMCID: PMC8191520 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27123.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise has been identified as an allied health strategy that can support the management of depression in older adults, yet the relative effectiveness for different exercise modalities is unknown. To meet this gap in knowledge, we present a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the head-to-head effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise to mitigate depressive symptoms in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods: A PRISMA-NMA compliant review was undertaken on RCTs from inception to September 12
th, 2019. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for eligible RCTs enrolling adults with a mean age ≥ 65 years, comparing one or more exercise intervention arms, and which used valid measures of depressive symptomology. Comparative effectiveness was evaluated using network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence, controlling for inherent variation in trial control groups. Results: The systematic review included 82 RCTs, with 69 meeting eligibility for the network meta-analysis (
n = 5,379 participants). Pooled analysis found each exercise type to be effective compared with controls (Hedges’
g = -0.27 to -0.51). Relative head-to-head comparisons were statistically comparable between exercise types: resistance versus aerobic (Hedges’
g = -0.06,
PrI = -0.91, 0.79), mind-body versus aerobic (Hedges’
g = -0.12,
PrI = -0.95, 0.72), mind-body versus resistance (Hedges’
g = -0.06,
PrI = -0.90, 0.79). High levels of compliance were demonstrated for each exercise treatment. Conclusions: Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise demonstrate equivalence to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults aged ≥ 65 years, with comparably encouraging levels of compliance to exercise treatment. These findings coalesce with previous findings in clinically depressed older adults to encourage personal preference when prescribing exercise for depressive symptoms in older adults. Registration: PROSPERO
CRD42018115866 (23/11/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Miller
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Pinyadapat Areerob
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Declan Hennessy
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Mesagno
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Fergal Grace
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
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32
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Miller KJ, Areerob P, Hennessy D, Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Mesagno C, Grace F. Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise are equivalent to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. F1000Res 2020; 9:1325. [PMID: 34158928 PMCID: PMC8191520 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27123.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise has been identified as an allied health strategy that can support the management of depression in older adults, yet the relative effectiveness for different exercise modalities is unknown. To meet this gap in knowledge, we present a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the head-to-head effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise to mitigate depressive symptoms in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods: A PRISMA-NMA compliant review was undertaken on RCTs from inception to September 12 th, 2019. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for eligible RCTs enrolling adults with a mean age ≥ 65 years, comparing one or more exercise intervention arms, and which used valid measures of depressive symptomology. Comparative effectiveness was evaluated using network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence, controlling for inherent variation in trial control groups. Results: The systematic review included 82 RCTs, with 69 meeting eligibility for the network meta-analysis ( n = 5,379 participants). Pooled analysis found each exercise type to be effective compared with controls (Hedges' g = -0.27 to -0.51). Relative head-to-head comparisons were statistically comparable between exercise types: resistance versus aerobic (Hedges' g = -0.06, PrI = -0.91, 0.79), mind-body versus aerobic (Hedges' g = -0.12, PrI = -0.95, 0.72), mind-body versus resistance (Hedges' g = -0.06, PrI = -0.90, 0.79). High levels of compliance were demonstrated for each exercise treatment. Conclusions: Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise demonstrate equivalence to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults aged ≥ 65 years, with comparably encouraging levels of compliance to exercise treatment. These findings coalesce with previous findings in clinically depressed older adults to encourage personal preference when prescribing exercise for depressive symptoms in older adults. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018115866 (23/11/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Miller
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Pinyadapat Areerob
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Declan Hennessy
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Mesagno
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Fergal Grace
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
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33
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Choo YT, Jiang Y, Hong J, Wang W. Effectiveness of Tai Chi on quality of life, depressive symptoms and physical function among community-dwelling older adults with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 111:103737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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34
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Abstract
Tai chi is an ancient Chinese internal martial art that has increased in popularity across the United States over the past 2 decades. Tai chi combines gentle physical movement, mental imagery, and natural, relaxed breathing. There is increasing scientific evidence showing the impact of tai chi exercise on multifaceted areas of health and well-being, including positive effects on cognition, depression, anxiety, sleep, cardiovascular health, and fall prevention. A review of the health benefits of tai chi exercise is presented, as well as recommendations for nurses seeking to answer patient questions about tai chi.
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35
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Taylor-Piliae RE, Finley BA. Tai Chi exercise for psychological well-being among adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020; 19:580-591. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515120926068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Regular exercise is beneficial for adults with cardiovascular disease to improve psychological well-being. Tai Chi is a mind–body exercise thought to promote psychological well-being.
Aim:
Examine the efficacy of Tai Chi in improving psychological well-being among persons with cardiovascular disease.
Methods:
An electronic literature search of 10 databases (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, OpenGrey, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) was conducted. Clinical trials that examined one or more aspect of psychological well-being, incorporated a Tai Chi intervention among cardiovascular disease participants, and were published in English or German languages were included. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 software (Biostat, Inc.) was used to calculate the effect sizes (i.e. Hedges’ g) and the 95% confidence intervals using random effects models.
Results:
A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, enrolling 1853 participants (mean age = 66 years old, 44% women). Outcomes included: quality of life (QOL), stress, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. When Tai Chi was compared with controls, significantly better general QOL (Hedges’ g 0.96; p=0.02, I2=94.99%), mental health QOL (Hedges’ g=0.20; p=0.01, I2=15.93) and physical health QOL (Hedges’ g=0.40; p=0.00, I2=0%); with less depression (Hedges’ g=0.69; p=0.00, I2=86.64%) and psychological distress (Hedges’ g=0.58; p=0.00, I2=0%) were found.
Conclusions:
Few Tai Chi studies have been conducted during the past decade examining psychological well-being among older adults with cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed with more rigorous study designs, adequate Tai Chi exercise doses, and carefully chosen outcome measures that assess the mechanisms as well as the effects of Tai Chi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke A Finley
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- The Meadows Behavioral Health, Wickenburg, USA
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36
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Cheng D, Wang B, Li Q, Guo Y, Wang L. Research on Function and Mechanism of Tai Chi on Cardiac Rehabilitation. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:393-400. [PMID: 32350802 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of cardiovascular patients, more and more people are living with diseases. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective treatment and prevention measure for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which aims to relieve both psychological and physiological stress of CVD, reduce risk of death from CVD, improve cardiovascular function and patients' quality of life. Tai Chi is popular in China and mainly used as a daily leisure activity for the elderly to strengthen their bodies. This review discusses whether Tai Chi could be taken as a positive intervention in CR and what is the exact role and its mechanisms as exercise therapy for CVD. The authors detail the role of Tai Chi on CR from the aspects of exercise capacity, risk factors of CVD and psychological factors, etc., as well as highlight the limitation of Tai Chi research at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage College • Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Qian Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage College • Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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37
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Liang H, Luo S, Chen X, Lu Y, Liu Z, Wei L. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors and quality of life in adults with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2020; 49:353-363. [PMID: 32171586 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the major attributable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The effect of Tai Chi on essential hypertension (EH) is contentious. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the effects of Tai Chi on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and quality of life in adults with EH. METHODS Using data collected from 15 databases up to December 2018, we meta-analyzed randomized controlled trials of the effect of Tai Chi on EH. RESULTS Tai Chi exercise was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD -12.47, 95%CI -16.00 to -8.94, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD -6.46, 95%CI -8.28 to -4.64, P < 0.001); better quality of life (SMD 0.62, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.90, P < 0.001); lower lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (WMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.37, P < 0.001), triglycerides (WMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.07, P = 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD -0.86, 95% CI -1.30 to -0.43, P < 0.001); and lower blood glucose (WMD -0.91, 95% CI -1.59 to -0.23, P = 0.009). Tai Chi had no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (WMD -0.92, 95% CI -2.21 to -0.37, P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi lowers blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and blood glucose and significantly increases the quality of life in adults with EH. There is strong evidence for the short-term efficacy of Tai Chi exercises. Larger well-designed RCTs focused on the long-term effect of Tai Chi exercises and patient adherence are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuan East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangpeng Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Nanta Road 102, Beihu District, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuan East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Lu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuan East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
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38
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Zhong D, Li J, Yang H, Li Y, Huang Y, Xiao Q, Liu T, Jin R. Tai Chi for Essential Hypertension: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:25. [PMID: 32124064 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi for essential hypertension (EH). RECENT FINDINGS A total of 9 databases were searched from inception to January 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi for EH were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 reviewers. A total of 28 RCTs involving 2937 participants were ultimately included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with health education/no treatment, other exercise or antihypertensive drugs (AHD), Tai Chi showed statistically significant difference in lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The trial sequential analysis suggested that the evidence in our meta-analysis was reliable and conclusive. Subgroup analyses of Tai Chi vs. AHD demonstrated Tai Chi for hypertension patients < 50 years old showed greater reduction in SBP and DBP. Intervention of 12-24 weeks could significantly lower SBP and DBP. Among 28 included RCTs, 2 RCTs reported that no adverse events occurred. The quality of evidence for the blood pressure (BP) of Tai Chi vs. AHD was moderate, and DBP of Tai Chi vs. health education (HE)/ no treatment (NT) was high. Other outcome indicators were considered low or very low quality according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Tai Chi could be recommended as an adjuvant treatment for hypertension, especially for patients less than 50 years old. However, due to poor methodological qualities of included RCTs and high heterogeneity, this conclusion warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Li
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Huang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Xiao
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Physical Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou ZY, Zhao WR, Shi WT, Xiao Y, Ma ZL, Xue JG, Zhang LQ, Ye Q, Chen XL, Tang JY. Endothelial-Dependent and Independent Vascular Relaxation Effect of Tetrahydropalmatine on Rat Aorta. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31057398 PMCID: PMC6477965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an active natural alkaloid isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang which has been widely used for treating pain and cardiovascular disease in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies suggested THP have various pharmacological effects in neural and cardio tissue while the vascular reactivity of THP was not fully established. The present study found that THP relaxed rat aorta which contracted by phenylephrine (Phe), KCl, and U46619. The vascular relaxation effect of THP was partially attenuated by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, Akt inhibitor IV, endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NAME, guanylate cyclase inhibitors and the mechanical removal of endothelium. Also, the eNOS substrate L-arginine reversed the inhibition effect of L-NAME on THP-induced vascular relaxation. THP also induced intracellular NO production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, Pre-incubation with β-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol, angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) inhibitor losartan, angiotensin II receptor 2 (AT1) inhibitor PD123319 or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril enhanced the vascular relaxation effect of THP. THP did not affect the angiotensin II induced vascular contraction. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor indomethacin did not affect the vascular relaxation effect of THP. Furthermore, pre-treatment THP attenuated KCl and Phe induced rat aorta contraction in standard Krebs solution. In Ca2+ free Krebs solution, THP inhibited the Ca2+ induced vascular contraction under KCl or Phe stress and reduced KCl stressed Ca2+ influx in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. THP also inhibited intracellular Ca2+ release induced vascular contraction by blocking Ryr or IP3 receptors. In addition, the voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv) blocker 4-aminopyridine, ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) blocker glibenclamide and inward rectifying K+ channel blocker BaCl2 attenuated THP induced vascular relaxation regardless of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) blocker tetraethylammonium. Thus, we could conclude that THP relaxed rat aorta in an endothelium-dependent and independent manner. The underlying mechanism of THP relaxing rat aorta involved PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling path-way, Ca2+ channels and K+ channels rather than COX2, β-adrenergic receptor and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). These findings indicated that THP might be a potent treatment of diseases with vascular dysfunction like hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wai-Rong Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ting Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Lin Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Gui Xue
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun-Qing Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Tai Chi exercise is more effective than brisk walking in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults with hypertension: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 88:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Wu MT, Tang PF, Goh JOS, Chou TL, Chang YK, Hsu YC, Chen YJ, Chen NC, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF, Chiu MJ, Lan C. Task-Switching Performance Improvements After Tai Chi Chuan Training Are Associated With Greater Prefrontal Activation in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:280. [PMID: 30319391 PMCID: PMC6165861 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) training has benefits on task-switching ability. However, the neural correlates underlying the effects of TCC training on task-switching ability remain unclear. Using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a numerical Stroop paradigm, we investigated changes of prefrontal brain activation and behavioral performance during task-switching before and after TCC training and examined the relationships between changes in brain activation and task-switching behavioral performance. Cognitively normal older adults were randomly assigned to either the TCC or control (CON) group. Over a 12-week period, the TCC group received three 60-min sessions of Yang-style TCC training weekly, whereas the CON group only received one telephone consultation biweekly and did not alter their life style. All participants underwent assessments of physical functions and neuropsychological functions of task-switching, and fMRI scans, before and after the intervention. Twenty-six (TCC, N = 16; CON, N = 10) participants completed the entire experimental procedure. We found significant group by time interaction effects on behavioral and brain activation measures. Specifically, the TCC group showed improved physical function, decreased errors on task-switching performance, and increased left superior frontal activation for Switch > Non-switch contrast from pre- to post-intervention, that were not seen in the CON group. Intriguingly, TCC participants with greater prefrontal activation increases in the switch condition from pre- to post-intervention presented greater reductions in task-switching errors. These findings suggest that TCC training could potentially provide benefits to some, although not all, older adults to enhance the function of their prefrontal activations during task-switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tien Wu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Tang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joshua O. S. Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Lan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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