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Karami N, Barani S, Fani M, Meri S, Shafiei R, Kalantar K. The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in the Iranian population. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:38. [PMID: 38943065 PMCID: PMC11212229 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in the innate and adaptive immune response systems are linked to variations in the severity of COVID-19. Natural killer cell (NK) function is regulated by sophisticated receptor system including Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. We aimed to investigate the impact of possessing certain KIR genes and genotypes on COVID19 severity in Iranians. KIR genotyping was performed on 394 age/sex matched Iranians with no underlying conditions who developed mild and severe COVID- 19. The presence and/or absence of 11 KIR genes were determined using the PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). RESULTS Patients with mild symptoms had higher frequency ofKIR2DS1 (p = 0.004) and KIR2DS2 (p = 0.017) genes compared to those with severe disease. While KIR3DL3 and deleted variant of KIR2DS4 occurred more frequently in patients who developed a severe form of the disease. In this study, a significant increase of and B haplotype was observed in the Mild group compared to the Severe group (respectively, p = 0.002 and p = 0.02). Also, the prevalence of haplotype A was significantly higher in the Severe group than in the Mild group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the KIR2DS1, KIR2DS, and B haplotype maybe have a protective effect against COVID-19 severity. The results also suggest the inhibitory gene KIR2DL3 and haplotype A are risk factors for the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Shaghik Barani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mona Fani
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology and Translational immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran.
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology and Translational immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Lepine C, Leboulanger N, Badoual C. Juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: What do we know in 2024 ? Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200281. [PMID: 38685530 PMCID: PMC11088349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a lifelong benign squamous lesion associated with HPV infection, particularly HPV6 and HPV11 genotypes. These lesions are rare, but can lead to laryngeal obturations, which can cause disabling dyspnea, or transform into squamous cell carcinoma. The aim here is to provide an epidemiological, biological and clinical overview of this pathology, particularly in children, in order to understand the issues at stake in terms of research and the development of medical and therapeutic management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lepine
- Pathology Department, CHU de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Otolaryngology - Head and Necker Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, 149 Rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Université Paris Cité, France; Pathology Department, European George Pompidou Hospital, APHP, 20 Rue Leblanc 75015 Paris, France.
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3
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Condrat CE, Cretoiu D, Radoi VE, Mihele DM, Tovaru M, Bordea CI, Voinea SC, Suciu N. Unraveling Immunological Dynamics: HPV Infection in Women-Insights from Pregnancy. Viruses 2023; 15:2011. [PMID: 37896788 PMCID: PMC10611104 DOI: 10.3390/v15102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, hormonal and immune adaptations are vital for supporting the genetically distinct fetus during elevated infection risks. The global prevalence of HPV necessitates its consideration during pregnancy. Despite a seemingly mild immune response, historical gestational viral infections underscore its significance. Acknowledging the established HPV infection risks during pregnancy, our review explores the unfolding immunological changes in pregnant women with HPV. Our analysis aims to uncover strategies for safely modulating the immune system, mitigating adverse pregnancy consequences, and enhancing maternal and child health. This comprehensive narrative review delves into the existing knowledge and studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Condrat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.C.)
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (V.E.R.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorica Elena Radoi
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (V.E.R.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Mihaela Mihele
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tovaru
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Ioan Bordea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 252 Fundeni Rd., 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Cristian Voinea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 252 Fundeni Rd., 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.C.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Israr M, Lam F, DeVoti J, Mace EM, Papayannakos C, Abramson A, Steinberg BM, Bonagura VR. PGE 2 expression by HPV6/11-induced respiratory papillomas blocks NK cell activation in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250036. [PMID: 36608264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare chronic disease caused primarily by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, consists of repeated growth of premalignant papillomas in the airway. RRP is characterized by multiple abnormalities in innate and adaptive immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in immune surveillance and are part of the innate immune responses that help prevent tumor growth. We identified that papillomas lack classical class I MHC and retain nonclassical class I MHC expression. Moreover, in this study, we have identified and characterized the mechanism that blocks NK cell targeting of papilloma cells. Here, we show for the first time that the PGE2 secreted by papilloma cells directly inhibits NK cells activation/degranulation principally through the PGE2 receptor EP2, and to a lesser extent through EP4 signaling. Thus, papilloma cells have a potent mechanism to block NK cell function that likely supports papilloma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Fung Lam
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - James DeVoti
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Medical Center, NY, USA
| | | | - Allan Abramson
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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5
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DeVoti JA, Israr M, Lam F, Papayannakos C, Frank DK, Kamdar DP, Pereira LM, Abramson A, Steinberg BM, Bonagura VR. Oropharyngeal tumor cells induce COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes by secretion of IL-1α. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011772. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPC) accounts for 3% of all cancers and greater than 1.5% of all cancer deaths in the United States, with marked treatment-associated morbidity in survivors. More than 80% of OPC is caused by HPV16. Tumors induced by HPV have been linked to impaired immune functions, with most studies focused on the local tumor microenvironment. Fewer studies have characterized the effects of these tumors on systemic responses in OPC, especially innate responses that drive subsequent adaptive responses, potentially creating feed-back loops favorable to the tumor. Here we report that elevated plasma levels of PGE2 are expressed in half of patients with OPC secondary to overexpression of COX-2 by peripheral blood monocytes, and this expression is driven by IL-1α secreted by the tumors. Monocytes from patients are much more sensitive to the stimulation than monocytes from controls, suggesting the possibility of enhanced immune-modulating feed-back loops. Furthermore, control monocytes pre-exposed to PGE2 overexpress COX-2 in response to IL-1α, simulating responses made by monocytes from some OPC patients. Disrupting the PGE2/IL-1α feed-back loop can have potential impact on targeted medical therapies.
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6
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Restricted Recruitment of NK Cells with Impaired Function Is Caused by HPV-Driven Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Papillomas in Aggressive Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Patients. J Virol 2022; 96:e0094622. [PMID: 36154611 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00946-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharynx epithelium neoplasia induced by HPV6/11 infection in juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JO-RRP) causes a great health issue characteristic of frequent relapse and aggressive disease progression. Local cell-mediated immunity shaped by the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic effector cells is critical for viral clearance. In this study, we found that NK cells in the papillomas of aggressive JO-RRP patients, in contrast to massive infiltrated T cells, were scarce in number and impaired in activation and cytotoxicity as they were in peripheral blood. Data from cell infiltration analysis indicated that the migration of NK cell to papilloma was restricted in aggressive JO-RRP patients. Further study showed that the skewed chemokine expression in the papillomas and elevated ICAM-1 expression in hyperplastic epithelia cells favored the T cell but not NK cell recruitment in aggressive JO-RRP patients. In parallel to the increased CD3+ T cells, we observed a dramatical increase in Tregs and Treg-promoting cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and TGFβ in papillomas of aggressive JO-RRP patients. Our study suggested that likely initialized by the intrinsic change in neoplastic epithelial cells with persistent HPV infection, the aggressive papillomas built an entry barrier for NK cell infiltration and formed an immunosuppressive clump to fend off the immune attack from intra-papillomas NK cells. IMPORTANCE Frequent relapse and aggressive disease progression of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JO-RRP) pose a great challenge to the complete remission of HPV 6/11 related laryngeal neoplasia. Local immune responses in papillomas are more relevant to the disease control considering the locale infected restriction of HPV virus in epitheliums. In our study, the restricted NK cell number and reduced expression of activating NKp30 receptor suggested one possible mechanism underlying impaired NK cell defense ability in aggressive JO-RRP papillomas. Meanwhile, the negative impact of HPV persistent infection on NK cell number and function represented yet another example of a chronic pathogen subverting NK cell behavior, affirming a potentially important role for NK cells in viral containment. Further, the skewed chemokine/cytokine expression in the papillomas and the elevated adhesion molecules expression in hyperplastic epithelia cells provided important clues for understanding blocked infiltration and antiviral dysfunction of NK cells in papilloma.
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7
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Xi Y, Wang W, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Wang G, Gui J, Ni X. Impaired HPV-specific T-cell response in juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Shmeleva EV, Colucci F. Maternal natural killer cells at the intersection between reproduction and mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:991-1005. [PMID: 33903735 PMCID: PMC8071844 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many maternal immune cells populate the decidua, which is the mucosal lining of the uterus transformed during pregnancy. Here, abundant natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages help the uterine vasculature adapt to fetal demands for gas and nutrients, thereby supporting fetal growth. Fetal trophoblast cells budding off the forming placenta and invading deep into maternal tissues come into contact with these and other immune cells. Besides their homeostatic functions, decidual NK cells can respond to pathogens during infection, but in doing so, they may become conflicted between destroying the invader and sustaining fetoplacental growth. We review how maternal NK cells balance their double duty both in the local microenvironment of the uterus and systemically, during toxoplasmosis, influenza, cytomegalovirus, malaria and other infections that threat pregnancy. We also discuss recent developments in the understanding of NK-cell responses to SARS-Cov-2 infection and the possible dangers of COVID-19 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Shmeleva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Bai K, Allen C. How Enhancing Immunity to Low-Risk HPV Could Cure Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2041-2047. [PMID: 33720393 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is currently treated with repeat surgical resection of papillomatous disease that does not address the fundamental underlying issue of chronic infection with low-risk human papillomavirus. Here, we review the biology and immunology of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Antiviral or antiangiogenic adjuvant treatments similarly address the papillomatous disease itself but do not activate HPV immunity. It is likely that only through immune-mediated clearance of low-risk HPV infection can patients with RRP be cured. In some patients, this occurs spontaneously. In others with more aggressive disease, adjuvant immunotherapy to activate immunity may be needed. Based on current understanding of antiviral immune responses, the only rational strategy to clear HPV-infected epithelial cells is through activation of the T-lymphocyte arm of the adaptive immune response. Translation of immunotherapies that are Food and Drug Administration-approved or under clinical study for cancer, such as immune checkpoint blockade or engineered therapeutic vaccines, may provide a path toward tolerable and efficacious adjuvant immunotherapy for RRP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 131:2041-2047, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bai
- Section on Translation Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Clint Allen
- Section on Translation Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
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10
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Lépine C, Klein P, Voron T, Mandavit M, Berrebi D, Outh-Gauer S, Péré H, Tournier L, Pagès F, Tartour E, Le Meur T, Berlemont S, Teissier N, Carlevan M, Leboulanger N, Galmiche L, Badoual C. Histological Severity Risk Factors Identification in Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: How Immunohistochemistry and AI Algorithms Can Help? Front Oncol 2021; 11:596499. [PMID: 33763347 PMCID: PMC7982831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a condition characterized by the repeated growth of benign exophytic papilloma in the respiratory tract. The course of the disease remains unpredictable: some children experience minor symptoms, while others require multiple interventions due to florid growth. Our study aimed to identify histologic severity risk factors in patients with JoRRP. Forty-eight children from two French pediatric centers were included retrospectively. Criteria for a severe disease were: annual rate of surgical endoscopy ≥ 5, spread to the lung, carcinomatous transformation or death. We conducted a multi-stage study with image analysis. First, with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) digital slides of papilloma, we searched for morphological patterns associated with a severe JoRRP using a deep-learning algorithm. Then, immunohistochemistry with antibody against p53 and p63 was performed on sections of FFPE samples of laryngeal papilloma obtained between 2008 and 2018. Immunostainings were quantified according to the staining intensity through two automated workflows: one using machine learning, the other using deep learning. Twenty-four patients had severe disease. For the HE analysis, no significative results were obtained with cross-validation. For immunostaining with anti-p63 antibody, we found similar results between the two image analysis methods. Using machine learning, we found 23.98% of stained nuclei for medium intensity for mild JoRRP vs. 36.1% for severe JoRRP (p = 0.041); and for medium and strong intensity together, 24.14% for mild JoRRP vs. 36.9% for severe JoRRP (p = 0.048). Using deep learning, we found 58.32% for mild JoRRP vs. 67.45% for severe JoRRP (p = 0.045) for medium and strong intensity together. Regarding p53, we did not find any significant difference in the number of nuclei stained between the two groups of patients. In conclusion, we highlighted that immunochemistry with the anti-p63 antibody is a potential biomarker to predict the severity of the JoRRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lépine
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Outh-Gauer
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louis Tournier
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Franck Pagès
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Natacha Teissier
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Carlevan
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
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11
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Burek Kamenaric M, Ivkovic V, Kovacevic Vojtusek I, Zunec R. The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121417. [PMID: 33317205 PMCID: PMC7763146 DOI: 10.3390/v12121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with high seroprevalence in the general population with an unremarkable clinical presentation in healthy people, but a potential for causing serious complications in immunosuppressed transplanted patients. Reactivation or primary infection in kidney allograft recipients may lead to allograft dysfunction and subsequent loss. Currently, there is no widely accepted specific treatment for BKV infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay therapy. Given this and the sequential appearance of viruria-viremia-nephropathy, screening and early detection are of utmost importance. There are numerous risk factors associated with BKV infection including genetic factors, among them human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) alleles have been shown to be the strongest so far. Identification of patients at risk for BKV infection would be useful in prevention or early action to reduce morbidity and progression to frank nephropathy. Assessment of risk involving HLA ligands and KIR genotyping of recipients in the pre-transplant or early post-transplant period might be useful in clinical practice. This review summarizes current knowledge of the association between HLA, KIR and BKV infection and potential future directions of research, which might lead to optimal utilization of these genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Burek Kamenaric
- Tissue Typing Center, Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vanja Ivkovic
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.I.); (I.K.V.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.I.); (I.K.V.)
| | - Renata Zunec
- Tissue Typing Center, Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Lépine C, Voron T, Berrebi D, Mandavit M, Nervo M, Outh-Gauer S, Péré H, Tournier L, Teissier N, Tartour E, Leboulanger N, Galmiche L, Badoual C. Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Aggressiveness: In Situ Study of the Level of Transcription of HPV E6 and E7. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102836. [PMID: 33019611 PMCID: PMC7601884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a condition related to HPV 6 and 11 infection which is characterized by the repeated growth of benign exophytic papilloma in the respiratory tract of children. Disease progression is unpredictable leading sometimes to airway compromise and death. The aim of this study was to explore p16INK4a and expression of the RNA of HPV genes E6 and E7 with a chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) as biomarkers of JoRRP aggressiveness on a bicentric cohort of forty-eight children. CISH was scored semi-quantitatively as high (2+ score) and low (1+ score) levels of transcription of E6 and E7. Patients with a 2+ score had a more aggressive disease compared to those with a 1+ score. These data are a first step towards the use of biomarkers predictive of disease severity in JoRRP, this could improve the disease management, for example, by implementing adjuvant treatment at the early stages. Abstract Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a condition related to HPV 6 and 11 infection which is characterized by the repeated growth of benign exophytic papilloma in the respiratory tract. Disease progression is unpredictable: some children experience minor symptoms, while others require multiple interventions due to florid growth. The aim of this study was to explore the biomarkers of JoRRP severity on a bicentric cohort of forty-eight children. We performed a CISH on the most recent sample of papilloma with a probe targeting the mRNA of the E6 and E7 genes of HPV 6 and 11 and an immunostaining with p16INK4a antibody. For each patient HPV RNA CISH staining was assessed semi-quantitatively to define two scores: 1+, defined as a low staining extent, and 2+, defined as a high staining extent. This series contained 19 patients with a score of 1+ and 29 with a score of 2+. Patients with a score of 2+ had a median of surgical excision (SE) per year that was twice that of patients with a score of 1+ (respectively 6.1 versus 2.8, p = 0.036). We found similar results with the median number of SE the first year. Regarding p16INK4a, all patients were negative. To conclude, HPV RNA CISH might be a biomarker which is predictive of disease aggressiveness in JoRRP, and might help in patient care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lépine
- Department of Pathology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.N.); (S.O.-G.)
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Thibault Voron
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Department of Pathology, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (D.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Marion Mandavit
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Marine Nervo
- Department of Pathology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.N.); (S.O.-G.)
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Sophie Outh-Gauer
- Department of Pathology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.N.); (S.O.-G.)
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Hélène Péré
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
- Department of Virology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Louis Tournier
- Department of Pathology, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (D.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Natacha Teissier
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France;
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
- Department of Immunology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Department of Pathology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.N.); (S.O.-G.)
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM-U970, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.V.); (M.M.); (H.P.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-156-093-888
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13
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Israr M, DeVoti JA, Lam F, Abramson AL, Steinberg BM, Bonagura VR. Altered Monocyte and Langerhans Cell Innate Immunity in Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP). Front Immunol 2020; 11:336. [PMID: 32210959 PMCID: PMC7076114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The micromilieu within respiratory papillomas supports persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and disease recurrence in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). These patients show polarized (TH2-/Treg) adaptive immunity in papillomas and blood, enriched immature Langerhans cell (iLC) numbers, and overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the upper airway. Blood monocyte-derived, and tissue-derived iLCs from RRP patients and controls were now studied to more fully understand innate immune dysregulation in RRP. Patients' monocytes generated fewer iLCs than controls, due to a reduced fraction of classical monocytes that generated most but not all the iLCs. Prostaglandin E2, which was elevated in RRP plasma, reduced monocyte-iLC differentiation from controls to the levels of RRP patients, but had no effect on subsequent iLC maturation. Cytokine/chemokine responses by iLCs from papillomas, foreskin, and abdominal skin differed significantly. Freshly derived tissue iLCs expressed low CCL-1 and high CCL-20 mRNAs and were unresponsive to IL-36γ stimulation. Papilloma iLCs uniquely expressed IL-36γ at baseline and expressed CCL1 when cultured overnight outside their immunosuppressive microenvironment without additional stimulation. We conclude that monocyte/iLC innate immunity is impaired in RRP, in part due to increased PGE2 exposure in vivo. The immunosuppressive papilloma microenvironment likely alters iLC responses, and vice versa, supporting TH2-like/Treg HPV-specific adaptive immunity in RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - James A DeVoti
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Fung Lam
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Allan L Abramson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
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14
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Papúchová H, Meissner TB, Li Q, Strominger JL, Tilburgs T. The Dual Role of HLA-C in Tolerance and Immunity at the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2730. [PMID: 31921098 PMCID: PMC6913657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a healthy pregnancy, maternal immune cells must tolerate fetal allo-antigens and remain competent to respond to infections both systemically and in placental tissues. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) are the most invasive cells of extra-embryonic origin to invade uterine tissues and express polymorphic Human Leucocyte Antigen-C (HLA-C) of both maternal and paternal origin. Thus, HLA-C is a key molecule that can elicit allogeneic immune responses by maternal T and NK cells and for which maternal-fetal immune tolerance needs to be established. HLA-C is also the only classical MHC molecule expressed by EVT that can present a wide variety of peptides to maternal memory T cells and establish protective immunity. The expression of paternal HLA-C by EVT provides a target for maternal NK and T cells, whereas HLA-C expression levels may influence how this response is shaped. This dual function of HLA-C requires tight transcriptional regulation of its expression to balance induction of tolerance and immunity. Here, we critically review new insights into: (i) the mechanisms controlling expression of HLA-C by EVT, (ii) the mechanisms by which decidual NK cells, effector T cells and regulatory T cells recognize HLA-C allo-antigens, and (iii) immune recognition of pathogen derived antigens in context of HLA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrieta Papúchová
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jack L Strominger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tamara Tilburgs
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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15
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Ivancic R, Iqbal H, deSilva B, Pan Q, Matrka L. Immunological tolerance of low-risk HPV in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:131-142. [PMID: 31628850 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is characterized by benign exophytic lesions of the respiratory tract caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular low-risk HPV6 and HPV11. Aggressiveness varies greatly among patients. Surgical excision is the current standard of care for RRP, with adjuvant therapy used when surgery cannot control disease recurrence. Numerous adjuvant therapies have been used to control RRP with some success, but none are curative. Current literature supports a polarization of the adaptive immune response to a T helper type 2 (Th2)-like or T regulatory phenotype, driven by a complex interplay between innate immunity, adaptive immunity and HPV6/11 proteins. Additionally, certain immunogenetic polymorphisms can predispose individuals to an HPV6/11-tolerant microenvironment. As a result, immunomodulatory efforts are being made to restore the host immune system to a more balanced T cell phenotype and clear viral infection. Literature has shown exciting evidence for the role of HPV vaccination with Gardasil or Gardasil-9 as both primary prevention, by decreasing incidence through childhood vaccinations, and secondary prevention, by treating active RRP disease. Multi-institution randomized clinical trials are needed to better assess their efficacy as treatment for active disease. Interestingly, a DNA vaccine has recently shown in-vitro success in generating a more robust CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, clinical trials for programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors are under investigation for RRP management. Molecular insights into RRP, in particular the interplay between RRP and the immune system, are needed to advance our understanding of this disease and may lead to the identification of immunomodulatory agents to better manage RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ivancic
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - H Iqbal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - B deSilva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Q Pan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - L Matrka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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16
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The Host-Microbe Interplay in Human Papillomavirus-Induced Carcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070199. [PMID: 31337018 PMCID: PMC6680694 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year nearly half a million new cases of cervix cancer are diagnosed worldwide, making this malignancy the fourth commonest cancer in women. In 2018, more than 270,000 women died of cervix cancer globally with 85% of them being from developing countries. The majority of these cancers are caused by the infection with carcinogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is also causally implicated in the development of other malignancies, including cancer of the anus, penis cancer and head and neck cancer. HPV is by far the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, however, most infected people do not develop cancer and do not even have a persistent infection. The development of highly effective HPV vaccines against most common high-risk HPV strains is a great medical achievement of the 21st century that could prevent up to 90% of cervix cancers. In this article, we review the current understanding of the balanced virus-host interaction that can lead to either virus elimination or the establishment of persistent infection and ultimately malignant transformation. We also highlight the influence of certain factors inherent to the host, including the immune status, genetic variants and the coexistence of other microbe infections and microbiome composition in the dynamic of HPV infection induced carcinogenesis.
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17
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Shah-Hosseini A, Jafari M, Mohammadi A, Sanaei R, Alavian SM, Doosti-Irani A, Nooradeh Keykavousi M, Tajik N. The impact of KIR-HLA genotype on hepatitis B virus clearance in Iranian infected individuals. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:463-470. [PMID: 29032460 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIRs) have a principal role in regulating the effector functions of NK cells, particularly in viral infections. The major ligands for KIRs are human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association of KIR genes, their known HLA ligands and compound KIR-HLA genotypes with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Our study group consisted of 202 Iranian HBV-infected patients (52 spontaneously recovered, 50 asymptomatic carriers, 50 chronic sufferers and 50with liver cirrhosis) and 100 ethnic-matched healthy control subjects. KIR and HLA genotyping was performed by a polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP). The frequencies of the KIR2DL5A, KIR2DS1, and KIR3DS1 genes were significantly elevated in recovered individuals when compared with both control and patient groups. Also, KIR2DL5, and KIR3DP1 full were escalated in recovered individuals in comparison with patient groups. In addition, HLA-Bw4 ligand and HLA-A Bw4 were highly frequent in recovered individuals compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the KIR3DS1 + HLA-Bw4, KIR3DS1 + HLA-Bw4 Iso80 , and KIR3DS1 + HLA-A Bw4 genotypes were significantly more common in recovered individuals than both healthy control and patient groups. Interestingly, AA genotype had less frequency and Bx had higher frequency in recovered individuals compared with both healthy control and patient groups. Our findings suggest a potential impact of the NK cells' activating phenotype that leads to the HBV clearance in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shah-Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Science, Gerash, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Sanaei
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Nader Tajik
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Holm A, Nagaeva O, Nagaev I, Loizou C, Laurell G, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Nylander K, Olofsson K. Lymphocyte profile and cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis suggest dysregulated cytokine mRNA response and impaired cytotoxic capacity. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:541-550. [PMID: 28805308 PMCID: PMC5691300 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a relatively rare, chronic disease caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 6 and 11, and characterized by wart‐like lesions in the airway affecting voice and respiratory function. The majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously, however, some individuals are afflicted with persistent HPV infections. Failure to eliminate HPV 6 and 11 due to a defect immune responsiveness to these specific genotypes is proposed to play a major role in the development of RRP. Methods We performed a phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from 16 RRP patients and 12 age‐matched healthy controls, using immunoflow cytometry, and monoclonal antibodies against differentiation and activation markers. The cytokine mRNA profile of monocytes, T helper‐, T cytotoxic‐, and NK cells was assessed using RT‐qPCR cytokine analysis, differentiating between Th1‐, Th2‐, Th3/regulatory‐, and inflammatory immune responses. Results We found a dominance of cytotoxic T cells, activated NK cells, and high numbers of stressed MIC A/B expressing lymphocytes. There was an overall suppression of cytokine mRNA production and an aberrant cytokine mRNA profile in the activated NK cells. Conclusion These findings demonstrate an immune dysregulation with inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio and aberrant cytokine mRNA production in RRP patients, compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Nagaeva
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nagaev
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christos Loizou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucia Mincheva-Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Division of Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Hilton HG, Parham P. Missing or altered self: human NK cell receptors that recognize HLA-C. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:567-579. [PMID: 28695291 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are fast-acting and versatile lymphocytes that are critical effectors of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and placental development. Controlling NK cell function are the interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C ligands. Due to the extensive polymorphism of both KIR and HLA class I, these interactions are highly diversified and specific combinations correlate with protection or susceptibility to a range of infectious, autoimmune, and reproductive disorders. Evolutionary, genetic, and functional studies are consistent with the interactions between KIR and HLA-C being the dominant control mechanism of human NK cells. In addition to their recognition of the C1 and C2 epitopes, increasing evidence points to KIR having a previously unrecognized selectivity for the peptide presented by HLA-C. This selectivity appears to be a conserved feature of activating KIR and may partly explain the slow progress made in identifying their HLA class I ligands. The peptide selectivity of KIR allows NK cells to respond, not only to changes in the surface expression of HLA-C, but also to the more subtle changes in the HLA-C peptidome, such as occur during viral infection and malignant transformation. Here, we review recent advances in understanding of human-specific KIR evolution and how the inhibitory and activating HLA-C receptors allow NK cells to respond to healthy cells, diseased cells, and the semi-allogeneic cells of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo G Hilton
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Fairchild D-159, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Fairchild D-159, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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20
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Prall TM, Graham ME, Karl JA, Wiseman RW, Ericsen AJ, Raveendran M, Alan Harris R, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Rogers J, O'Connor DH. Improved full-length killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor transcript discovery in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:325-339. [PMID: 28343239 PMCID: PMC5856007 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-0977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) modulate disease progression of pathogens including HIV, malaria, and hepatitis C. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques are widely used as nonhuman primate models to study human pathogens, and so, considerable effort has been put into characterizing their KIR genetics. However, previous studies have relied on cDNA cloning and Sanger sequencing that lack the throughput of current sequencing platforms. In this study, we present a high throughput, full-length allele discovery method utilizing Pacific Biosciences circular consensus sequencing (CCS). We also describe a new approach to Macaque Exome Sequencing (MES) and the development of the Rhexome1.0, an adapted target capture reagent that includes macaque-specific capture probe sets. By using sequence reads generated by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and MES to inform primer design, we were able to increase the sensitivity of KIR allele discovery. We demonstrate this increased sensitivity by defining nine novel alleles within a cohort of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM), a geographically isolated population with restricted KIR genetics that was thought to be completely characterized. Finally, we describe an approach to genotyping KIRs directly from sequence reads generated using WGS/MES reads. The findings presented here expand our understanding of KIR genetics in MCM by associating new genes with all eight KIR haplotypes and demonstrating the existence of at least one KIR3DS gene associated with every haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent M Prall
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Michael E Graham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Adam J Ericsen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | | | - R Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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21
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Reduced frequency of two activating KIR genes in patients with sepsis. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:363-369. [PMID: 28213050 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell activity is regulated by activating and inhibitory signals transduced by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Diversity in KIR gene repertoire among individuals may affect disease outcome. Sepsis development and severity may be influenced by genetic factors affecting the immune response. Here, we examined sixteen KIR genes and their human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands in critical patients, aiming to identify patterns that could be associated with sepsis. Male and female patients (ages ranging between 14 and 94years-old) were included. DNA samples from 211 patients with sepsis and 60 controls (critical care patients with no sepsis) collected between 2004 and 2010 were included and genotyped for KIR genes using the polymerase chain reaction method with sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO), and for HLA genes using the polymerase chain reaction method with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The frequencies of activating KIR2DS1 and KIR3DS1 in sepsis patients when compared to controls were 41.23% versus 55.00% and 36.49% versus 51.67% (p=0.077 and 0.037 respectively before Bonferroni correction). These results indicate that activating KIR genes 2DS1 and 3DS1 may more prevalent in critical patients without sepsis than in patients with sepsis, suggesting a potential protective role of activating KIR genes in sepsis.
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22
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Neuchel C, Fürst D, Niederwieser D, Bunjes D, Tsamadou C, Wulf G, Pfreundschuh M, Wagner E, Stuhler G, Einsele H, Schrezenmeier H, Mytilineos J. Impact of Donor Activating KIR Genes on HSCT Outcome in C1-Ligand Negative Myeloid Disease Patients Transplanted with Unrelated Donors-A Retrospective Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169512. [PMID: 28107369 PMCID: PMC5249182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer cells (NK) are lymphocytes with the potential to recognize and lyse cells which escaped T-cell mediated lysis due to their aberrant HLA expression profiles. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) influence NK-cell activity by mediation of activating or inhibitory signals upon interaction with HLA-C (C1, C2) ligands. Therefore, absence of ligands for donor inhibitory KIRs following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may have an influence on its outcome. Previous studies showed that C1 negative patients have a decreased HSCT outcome. Our study, based on a cohort of 200 C1-negative patients, confirmed these findings for the endpoints: overall survival (OS: HR = 1.41, CI = 1.14–1.74, p = 0.0012), disease free survival (DFS: HR = 1.27, CI = 1.05–1.53, p = 0.015), treatment related mortality (TRM: HR = 1.41, CI = 1.01–1.96, p = 0.04), and relapse incidence (RI: HR = 1.33, CI = 1.01–1.75, p = 0.04) all being inferior when compared to C1-positive patients (n = 1246). Subsequent analysis showed that these findings applied for patients with myeloid malignancies but not for patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (OS: myeloid: HR = 1.51, CI = 1.15–1.99, p = 0.003; lymphoblastic: HR = 1.26, CI = 0.91–1.75, p = 0.16; DFS: myeloid: HR = 1.31, CI = 1.01–1.70, p = 0.04; lymphoblastic: HR = 1.21, CI = 0.90–1.61, p = 0.21; RI: myeloid: HR = 1.31, CI = 1.01–1.70, p = 0.04; lymphoblastic: HR = 1.21, CI = 0.90–1.61, p = 0.21). Interestingly, within the C1-negative patient group, transplantation with KIR2DS2 resulted in better OS (9/10 matched: HR = 0.24, CI = 0.08–0.67, p = 0.007) as well as DFS (9/10 matched: HR = 0,26, CI = 0.11–0.60, p = 0.002), and transplantation with KIR2DS1 positive donors was associated with a decreased RI (HR = 0.30, CI = 0.13–0.69, p = 0.005). TRM was increased when the donor was positive for KIR2DS1 (HR = 2.61, CI = 1.26–5.41, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that inclusion of KIR2DS1/2/5 and KIR3DS1-genotyping in the unrelated donor search algorithm of C1-ligand negative patients with myeloid malignancies may prove to be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Neuchel
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttenberg–Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Fürst
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttenberg–Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Donald Bunjes
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Clinic Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Tsamadou
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttenberg–Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Pfreundschuh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wagner
- Department of Medicine III, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gernot Stuhler
- Centre for Bone Marrow and Blood Stem Cell Transplantation, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttenberg–Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joannis Mytilineos
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttenberg–Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- DRST–German Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kalyanaraman N, Thayumanavan L, Jayalakshmi M. KIR : HLA association with clinical manifestations of HBV infection in Madurai, south India. J Genet 2016; 95:13-9. [PMID: 27019428 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral action of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by a wide repertoire of germ-line encoded membrane receptors which recognize the expression of certain self-molecules on target cells. Among the receptors, killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor (KIR) which recognizes the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I has a predominant role in regulating the effector functions of NK cells, particularly in viral infections.We studied a total of 128 hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients (15 acute, 43 asymptomatic, 27 chronic and 43 with other liver diseases) while attending the Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, India, and 128 ethnic matched control to find the association between the KIR : HLA genes and differential manifestations of HBV. KIR and its ligand HLA polymorphism were identified by DNAPCR methods. The activatory receptor KIR-2DS1 was significantly elevated in various disease categories, namely asymptomatic, chronic and other HBV, except acute HBV infection. Whereas, KIR 2DS3 in acute and chronic patients and KIR 2DS5 and 3DS1 in asymptomatic individuals. Among various KIR-HLA combinations, homozygous 2DS2:C1 and individuals with 3DSI:BW4 (OR = 3.23, CI = 1.55-6.7, Pc = 0.02) are associated with HBV asymptomatism, while most of the two domain inhibitory receptors with their ligands showed significant risk in other liver diseases. Further, KIR3DL1 : HLA Bw4Iso80 (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.58-9.55, Pc = 0.004) is related with higher risk for asymptomatic infection when compared with chronic HBV. Thus, the select KIR : HLA alleles and combinations seem to direct the NK cell activities and immune response in different directions resulting in varied symptoms and manifestations in the subgroups of HBV-infected patients studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Kalyanaraman
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021,
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Espinoza JL, Nguyen VH, Ichimura H, Pham TTT, Nguyen CH, Pham TV, Elbadry MI, Yoshioka K, Tanaka J, Trung LQ, Takami A, Nakao S. A functional polymorphism in the NKG2D gene modulates NK-cell cytotoxicity and is associated with susceptibility to Human Papilloma Virus-related cancers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39231. [PMID: 27995954 PMCID: PMC5172372 DOI: 10.1038/srep39231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent worldwide and is etiologically linked to several cancers, including cervical and genital cancers. NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed by NK cells, plays an important role in cancer immune-surveillance. We analyzed the impact of a NKG2D gene variant, rs1049174, on the incidence of HPV-related cancers in Vietnamese patients and utilized various molecular approaches to elucidate the mechanisms of NKG2D receptor regulation by rs1049174. In a group of 123 patients with HPV+ anogenital cancers, the low cytotoxicity allele LNK was significantly associated with increased cancer susceptibility (p = 0.016). Similar results were also observed in a group of 153 women with cervical cancer (p = 0.05). In functional studies, NK cells from individuals with LNK genotype showed a lower NKG2D expression and displayed less efficient NKG2D-mediated functions than NK cells with HNK genotype. Notably, the rs1049174 variant occurs within a targeting site for miR-1245, a negative regulator of NKG2D expression. Compared with the higher cytotoxicity allele HNK, the LNK allele was more efficiently targeted by miR-1245 and thus determined lower NKG2D expression in NK cells with the LNK genotype. The NKG2D variants may influence cancer immunosurveillance and thus determine susceptibility to various malignancies, including HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Luis Espinoza
- Cellular transplantation Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Viet H. Nguyen
- Cellular transplantation Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichimura
- Department of viral infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Trang T. T. Pham
- Department of viral infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Cuong H. Nguyen
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Thuc V. Pham
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | | | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Division of Virology, Department of Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ly Q. Trung
- Soc Trang Provincial Hospital, Soc Trang, Vietnam
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Cellular transplantation Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Dominguez-Valentin M, Gras Navarro A, Rahman AM, Kumar S, Retière C, Ulvestad E, Kristensen V, Lund-Johansen M, Lie BA, Enger PØ, Njølstad G, Kristoffersen E, Lie SA, Chekenya M. Identification of a Natural Killer Cell Receptor Allele That Prolongs Survival of Cytomegalovirus-Positive Glioblastoma Patients. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5326-36. [PMID: 27406829 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By affecting immunological presentation, the presence of cytomegalovirus in some glioblastomas may impact progression. In this study, we examined a hypothesized role for natural killer (NK) cells in impacting disease progression in this setting. We characterized 108 glioblastoma patients and 454 healthy controls for HLA-A,-B,-C, NK-cell KIR receptors, and CMV-specific antibodies and correlated these metrics with clinical parameters. Exome sequences from a large validation set of glioblastoma patients and control individuals were examined from in silico databases. We demonstrated that the KIR allele KIR2DS4*00101 was independently prognostic of prolonged survival. KIR2DS4*00101 displayed 100% concordance with cognate HLA-C1 ligands in glioblastoma patients, but not controls. In the context of both HLA-C1/C2 ligands for the KIR2DS4 receptor, patient survival was further extended. Notably, all patients carrying KIR2DS4*00101 alleles were CMV seropositive, but not control individuals, and exhibited increased NK-cell subpopulations, which expressed the cytotoxicity receptors CD16, NKG2D, and CD94/NKG2C. Finally, healthy controls exhibited a reduced risk for developing glioblastoma if they carried two KIR2DS4*00101 alleles, where protection was greatest among Caucasian individuals. Our findings suggest that KIR2DS4*00101 may offer a molecular biomarker to identify intrinsically milder forms of glioblastoma. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5326-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway. Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Elling Ulvestad
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Njølstad
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Kristoffersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Atle Lie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Epidemiology of Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-016-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Della Chiesa M, Sivori S, Carlomagno S, Moretta L, Moretta A. Activating KIRs and NKG2C in Viral Infections: Toward NK Cell Memory? Front Immunol 2015; 6:573. [PMID: 26617607 PMCID: PMC4638145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the immune defense against viral infections. The contribution of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and CD94/NKG2C in regulating anti-viral responses has recently emerged. Thus, in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting, the presence of donor activating KIRs (aKIRs) may protect against viral infections, while in HIV-infected individuals, KIR3DS1, in combination with HLA-Bw4-I80, results in reduction of viral progression. Since, studies have been performed mainly at the genetic or transcriptional level, the effective size, the function, and the "licensing" status of NK cells expressing aKIRs, as well as the nature of their viral ligands, require further investigation. Certain viral infections, mainly due to Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), can deeply influence the NK cell development and function by inducing a marked expansion of mature NKG2C(+) NK cells expressing self-activating KIRs. This suggests that NKG2C and/or aKIRs are involved in the selective proliferation of this subset. The persistent, HCMV-induced, imprinting suggests that NK cells may display unexpected adaptive immune traits. The role of aKIRs and NKG2C in regulating NK cell responses and promoting a memory-like response to certain viruses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Della Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Simona Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Dipartimento di Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Bambin Gesù , Roma , Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
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Alagarasu K, Bachal RV, Shah PS, Cecilia D. Profile of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and its human leucocyte antigen ligands in dengue-infected patients from Western India. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:432-8. [PMID: 26385514 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of natural killer cells (NKs). Qualitative and quantitative differences in the type and the number of KIRs expressed on NK cells affect its activation which would influence the outcome of the disease. In this study, 114 hospitalized cases of dengue [82 dengue fever (DF) and 32 dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases] and 104 healthy controls (HC) without no known history of hospitalization for dengue-like illness were investigated for their KIR gene profile to find out the association of KIR genes with dengue disease severity. KIR gene profile was investigated using duplex sequence-specific priming polymerase chain reaction-based typing system. The results revealed a higher frequency of KIR3DL1 gene [P = 0.0225; odds ratio (OR) 4.1 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-14.8] and lower frequency of KIR3DS1/3DS1 genotype [P = 0.0225; OR 0.24 95% CI (0.068-0.88)] in DF cases compared to HC. Immunoglobulin-like receptor gene frequencies were not different between DHF and DF or HC. The results suggest that KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 locus might be associated with the risk of developing DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alagarasu
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Pune, India
| | - R V Bachal
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Pune, India
| | - P S Shah
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Pune, India
| | - D Cecilia
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Pune, India
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The effect of KIR2D-HLA-C receptor-ligand interactions on clinical outcome in a HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Thai population. AIDS 2015; 29:1607-15. [PMID: 26372271 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles interact with both cytotoxic T lymphocytes through their T-cell receptors, and natural killer cells through their killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Compared with the reported protective effect of KIR3DL1/S1-HLA-Bw4 interactions in HIV-infected patients, the effect of KIR2D-HLA-C combinations on HIV control remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of KIR2D-HLA-C combinations on HIV disease progression. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of a Thai HIV cohort. METHODS Two hundred and nine HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected, treatment-naive Thai patients (CD4 T-cell counts of >200/μl) and 104 exposed seronegatives were studied. The effect of KIR-HLA receptor-ligand combinations on viral transmission and survival rate was statistically analyzed. RESULTS We found the following results: higher frequency of patients expressing both KIR2DL3 and HLA-C1 among infected patients compared with exposed seronegative (odds ratio 4.8, P = 0.004), higher viral load in patients expressing HLA-C1 with KIR2DL3 compared with those without this receptor-ligand combination (median 4.8 vs. 4.2 log copies/ml, P = 0.033), higher numbers of KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 interactions was associated with a higher viral load (β = 0.13, P = 0.039 by linear regression model), and higher mortality rate in carriers of the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination (adjusted hazard ratio 1.9, P = 0.012 by Cox hazard model). CONCLUSION We have identified a deleterious effect of the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 receptor-ligand combination on HIV clinical outcomes in a Thai cohort. Further investigation into mechanisms underlying this susceptibility may aid the understanding of the role of natural killer cells in HIV disease control and pathogenesis.
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Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) 6 and 11 are part of a large family of small DNA viruses, some of which are commensal. Although much of the population can contain or clear infection with these viruses, there is a subset of individuals who develop persistent infection that can cause significant morbidity and on occasion mortality. Depending on the site of infection, patients chronically infected with these viruses develop either recurrent, and on occasion, severe genital warts or recurrent respiratory papillomas that can obstruct the upper airway. The HPV-induced diseases described are likely the result of a complex and localized immune suppressive milieu that is characteristic of patients with persistent HPV infection. We review data that documents impaired Langerhans cell responses and maturation, describes the polarized adaptive T-cell immune responses made to these viruses, and the expression of class select II MHC and KIR genes that associate with severe HPV6 and 11 induced disease. Finally, we review evidence that documents the polarization of functional TH2 and T-regulatory T-cells in tissues persistently infected with HPV6 and 11, and we review evidence that there is suppression of natural killer cell function. Together, these altered innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the cellular and humoral microenvironment that supports HPV 6 and 11-induced disease.
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Impact of "Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor /Ligand" Genotypes on Outcome following Surgery among Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Activating KIRs Are Associated with Long-Term Disease Free Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132526. [PMID: 26181663 PMCID: PMC4504472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30 % of patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer develop recurrence following surgery. How individual regulation of host mediated anti-tumor cytotoxicity is modified by the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIRs) genotype is essential for prediction of outcome. We analyzed the frequency of KIR and KIR ligand Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I genotypes, and their effects on recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS). Out of randomly selected 87 colorectal cancer patients who underwent R0 resection operations between 2005 and 2008, 29 patients whose cancers progressed within a median five-year follow-up period were compared with 58 patients with no recurrence within the same time period. Recurrent cases shared similar tumor stages with non-recurrent cases, but had different localizations. We used DNA isolated from pathological archival lymphoid and tumor tissues for KIR and KIR ligand (HLA-C, group C1, group C2, and HLA-A-Bw4) genotyping. Among cases with recurrence, KIR2DL1 (inhibitory KIR) and A-Bw4 (ligand for inhibitory KIR3DL1) were observed more frequently (p=0.017 and p=0.024); and KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS3 (both activating KIRs) were observed less frequently (p=0.005 and p=0.043). Similarly, in the non-recurrent group, inhibitory KIR-ligand combinations 2DL1-C2 and 2DL3-C1 were less frequent, while the activating combination 2DS2-C1 was more frequent. The lack of KIR2DL1, 2DL1-C2, and 2DL3-C1 improved disease-free survival (DFS) (100% vs. 62.3%, p=0.05; 93.8% vs. 60.0%, p=0.035; 73.6% vs. 55.9%, p=0.07). The presence of KIR2DS2, 2DS3, and 2DS2-C1 improved DFS (77.8% vs. 48.5%, p=0.01; 79.4% vs. 58.5%, p=0.003; 76.9% vs. 51.4%, p=0.023). KIR2DS3 reduced the risk of recurrence (HR=0.263, 95% CI = 0.080-0.863, p=0.028). The number of activating KIRs are correlated strongly with DFS, none/ one/ two KIR : 54/77/98 months (p=0.004). In conclusion the inheritance of increasing numbers of activating KIRs and lack of inhibitory KIRs, independent of tumor localization or stage, is associated with long-term DFS.
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Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors gene polymorphism in patients with dengue infection, Andaman Islands, India. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Guha P, Bhattacharjee S, Chaudhuri TK. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the Bengali population of northern West Bengal, India. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:441-51. [PMID: 25205074 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Indian Subcontinent exhibits extensive diversity in its culture, religion, ethnicity and linguistic heritage, which symbolizes extensive genetic variations within the populations. The highly polymorphic Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) family plays an important role in tracing genetic differentiation in human population. In this study, we aimed to analyse the KIR gene polymorphism in the Bengali population of northern West Bengal, India. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the KIR gene polymorphism in the Bengalis of West Bengal, India. Herein, we have studied the distribution of 14 KIR genes (KIR3DL1-3DL3, KIR2DL1-2DL5, KIR2DS1-2DS5 AND KIR3DS1) and two pseudogenes (KIR3DP1 and 2DP1) in the Bengalis. Apart from the framework genes (KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3 and 3DP1), which are present in all the individuals, the gene frequencies of other KIR genes varied between 0.34 and 0.88. Moreover, upon comparing the KIR polymorphism of the Bengalis with the available published data of other world populations, it has been found that the Indo-European-speaking Bengalis from the region share both Dravidian and Indo-Aryan gene pool with considerable influences of mongoloid and European descents. Furthermore, evidences from previously published data on human leucocyte antigen and Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity support the view. Our results will help to understand the genetic background of the Bengali population, in illustrating the population migration events in the eastern and north-eastern part of India, in explaining the extensive genetic admixture amongst the different linguistic groups of the region and also in KIR-related disease researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guha
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
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DeVoti J, Hatam L, Lucs A, Afzal A, Abramson A, Steinberg B, Bonagura V. Decreased Langerhans cell responses to IL-36γ: altered innate immunity in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Mol Med 2014; 20:372-80. [PMID: 24950037 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, chronic disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) types 6 and 11 that is characterized by the polarization of adaptive immune responses that support persistent HPV infection. Respiratory papillomas express elevated mRNA levels of IL-36γ, a proinflammatory cytokine in comparison to autologous clinically normal laryngeal tissues; however there is no evidence of inflammation in these lesions. Consistent with this, respiratory papillomas do not contain TH1-like CD4(+) T-cells or cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cells, but instead contain a predominance of TH2-like and T regulatory cells (Tregs). In addition, papillomas also are infiltrated with immature Langerhans cells (iLCs). In this study, we show that papilloma cells express IL-36γ protein, and that human keratinocytes transduced with HPV11 have reduced IL-36γ secretion. We now provide the first evidence that peripheral blood-derived iLCs respond to IL-36γ by expressing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. When stimulated with IL-36γ, iLCs from patients with RRP had lower expression levels of the TH2-like chemokine CCL-20 as compared with controls. Patients' iLCs also had decreased steady state levels of CCL-1, which is a proinflammatory chemokine. Moreover, CCL-1 levels in iLCs inversely correlated with the severity of RRP. The combined decrease of TH1- and a TH2-like chemokines by iLCs from patients could have consequences in the priming of IFN-γ expression by CD8(+) T-cells. Taken together, our results suggest that, in RRP, there is a defect in the proinflammatory innate immune responses made by iLCs in response to IL-36γ. The consequence of this defect may lead to persistent HPV infection by failing to support an effective HPV-specific, TH1-like and/or Tc1-like adaptive response, thus resulting in the predominant TH2-like and/or Treg micromilieu present in papillomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- James DeVoti
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Lynda Hatam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Lucs
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali Afzal
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Allan Abramson
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Bettie Steinberg
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent Bonagura
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
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Schafer JL, Colantonio AD, Neidermyer WJ, Dudley DM, Connole M, O’Connor DH, Evans DT. KIR3DL01 recognition of Bw4 ligands in the rhesus macaque: maintenance of Bw4 specificity since the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1907-17. [PMID: 24453246 PMCID: PMC4162532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of MHC class I ligands for rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to our basic understanding of KIR and MHC class I coevolution and to the study of NK cell responses in this nonhuman primate model for AIDS and other viral diseases. In this study, we show that Mamu-KIR3DL01, which is expressed by ∼90% of rhesus macaques, recognizes MHC class I molecules with a Bw4 motif. Primary NK cells expressing Mamu-KIR3DL01 were identified by staining with a mAb which, in this study, was shown to bind Mamu-KIR3DL01 allotypes with an aspartic acid at position 233. The cytolytic activity of Mamu-KIR3DL01(+) NK cells was suppressed by cell lines expressing the Bw4 molecules Mamu-B*007:01, -B*041:01, -B*058:02, and -B*065:01. The Bw4 motif was necessary for Mamu-KIR3DL01 recognition because substitutions in this region abrogated Mamu-KIR3DL01(+) NK cell inhibition. However, the presence of a Bw4 motif was not sufficient for recognition because another Bw4 molecule, Mamu-B*017:01, failed to suppress the cytolytic activity of these NK cells. Replacement of three residues in Mamu-B*017:01, predicted to be KIR contacts based on the three-dimensional structure of the human KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 complex, with the corresponding residues at these positions for the other Mamu-Bw4 ligands restored Mamu-KIR3DL01(+) NK cell inhibition. These results define the ligand specificity of one of the most polymorphic and commonly expressed KIRs in the rhesus macaque and reveal similarities in Bw4 recognition by Mamu-KIR3DL01 and human KIR3DL1, despite the absence of an orthologous relationship between these two KIRs or conservation of surface residues predicted to interact with MHC class I ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Arnaud D. Colantonio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - William J. Neidermyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Michelle Connole
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772
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Niyibizi J, Rodier C, Wassef M, Trottier H. Risk factors for the development and severity of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:186-97. [PMID: 24367938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a rare yet aggressive disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Although many newborns are likely exposed to HPV, few develop JoRRP and the clinical course of the disease varies from one child to another. This systematic review seeks to provide an up-to-date understanding of the risk factors for acquisition and severity. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search in EMBASE, MEDLINE and EBMR databases using various combinations of keywords related to JoRRP etiology, risk factors and severity. We also searched Google Scholar and the reference lists of eligible studies. Our search was limited to original studies published in French or English between 1995 and July 2012 and to patients under 20 years of age. RESULTS Of 1362 citations, we retrieved 102 articles and found 14 additional studies. We retained 32 studies meeting inclusion criteria. All were observational and together included 2296 JoRRP cases. Risk factors could be classified mainly as maternal and birth history, viral genotype, and host factors. A history of genital warts during pregnancy and delivery was strongly linked to the development of JoRRP. Depending on ethnicity, specific human leukocyte antigen class II alleles and immune response factors were important determinants of JoRRP acquisition and severity. HPV-11 genotype and younger age at onset of JoRRP were important predictors of severity. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and immunological profiles underlying the acquisition and clinical course are not readily modifiable. Thus, preventing condylomas in women of childbearing age could reduce the burden of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Public Health School 7101, Avenue du Parc, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Sainte Justine Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine), 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Room A-830, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Caroline Rodier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Public Health School 7101, Avenue du Parc, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Merck Canada Inc., 16711 Route Transcanadienne, Kirkland, Quebec H9H 3L1, Canada
| | - Maggy Wassef
- Sainte Justine Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine), 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Room A-830, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Public Health School 7101, Avenue du Parc, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Sainte Justine Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine), 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Room A-830, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Rodier C, Lapointe A, Coutlée F, Mayrand MH, Dal Soglio D, Roger M, Trottier H. Juvenile respiratory papillomatosis: risk factors for severity. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1447-58. [PMID: 23765781 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is caused mainly by human papillomavirus genotypes 6 or 11, acquired at birth or during pregnancy from an infected mother. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is characterized by recurring warts growing most commonly in the larynx. Multiple surgical procedures and the risk of airway obstruction contribute to the devastating impact of this disease. Some children will go into remission after a few surgeries whereas others will require repeated interventions over several years. Further understanding of the risk factors associated with severity may contribute to tailored treatments. A retrospective study of cases diagnosed between January 1995 and December 2008 was conducted to study determinants of severe forms of juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from children's medical charts and mothers' delivery charts. Viral factors (HPV genotyping and viral load) were studied from archived biopsies. Specific HLA class II alleles and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genes were tested from saliva samples. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for severity. Overall, 31 pediatric cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were identified. The only significant factor associated with severe forms of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was the maternal history of condylomas during pregnancy (OR: 12.05 [P=0.05]). The analysis failed to identify risk factors that could be used clinically to identify recurrent respiratory papillomatosis cases likely to take a severe course. Although too early to determine, vaccination against the HPV types involved most commonly in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may provide the best hope to prevent severe forms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rodier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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38
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Song MJ, Lee CW, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Kim CJ, Hur SY, Park TC, Kim TG, Park JS. Association of KIR genes and HLA-C alleles with HPV-related uterine cervical disease in Korean women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 81:164-70. [PMID: 23398510 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C alleles, receptors and ligands of natural killer cells are associated with the development of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical disease in Korean women. Blood samples from 132 women with HPV-related cervical disease and 159 women without HPV infection were collected for genotyping of KIR genes and HLA-C alleles. Although no relationship was found between KIR genes and HPV-related cervical disease, a significant relationship was found between HLA-C alleles as ligands of KIR and HPV-related cervical disease. Women with HPV-related cervical disease were found to be significantly more likely to carry HLA-C*0303, particularly those with HPV 16 or 18 infection, and less likely to carry HLA-C*01 compared to women without HPV infection. HLA-C*0303 was found to confer susceptibility to HPV-related cervical disease, whereas HLA-C*01 was found to confer a protective effect against HPV-related cervical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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39
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Natural killer cell response to BK virus infection in polyoma virus–associated nephropathy of renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2013; 84:233-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Jobim MR, Jobim M, Salim PH, Portela P, Jobim LF, Leistner-Segal S, Bittelbrunn AC, Menke CH, Biazús JV, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G. Analysis of KIR gene frequencies and HLA class I genotypes in breast cancer and control group. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1130-3. [PMID: 23792055 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death among women, with a 0.5% increase in incidence per year. Natural killer cells (NK) are part of the innate immune system recognizing class I HLA molecules on target cells through their membrane receptors, called killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between the KIR genes and HLA alleles in patients with breast cancer and healthy controls. Two hundred thirty patients with breast cancer and 272 healthy controls were typed for HLA class I and KIR genes by PCR-SSO. When both groups were compared, the presence of inhibitory KIR2DL2 receptors was significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy controls. No significant differences were found for HLA-C2 and HLA-Bw4. However, a higher frequency of HLA-C1 in breast cancer patients was observed. These findings suggest a potential role for the KIR gene system in breast cancer. Further studies to confirm this observation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regina Jobim
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Trydzenskaya H, Juerchott K, Lachmann N, Kotsch K, Kunert K, Weist B, Schönemann C, Schindler R, Nickel P, Melzig MF, Hugo C, Thomusch O, Neumann AU, Reinke P, Babel N. The genetic predisposition of natural killer cell to BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant patients. Kidney Int 2013; 84:359-65. [PMID: 23486513 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) infection represents a serious complication in renal transplant patients resulting in BKV-associated nephropathy and subsequent allograft loss. Natural killer cells are crucial in the antiviral immune response; however, an understanding of the role of natural killer cells in protection against BKV is limited. To elucidate whether killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their interaction between donor-/recipient-related ligands have a role in BKV infection, we performed genotyping analysis in 48 kidney transplant recipients with a history of severe BKV infection/BKV-associated nephropathy and 110 recipients with stable renal function and no BKV reactivation. Of interest, we found that telomeric gene content motif was significantly associated with severe course of BKV infection/BKV-associated nephropathy and detected significantly higher percentage of patients with BKV-associated nephropathy carrying low numbers of activating receptors compared with the control group. Detailed analysis of each single receptor revealed significantly lower frequencies of the activating receptor KIR3DS1 in patients with BKV infection/nephropathy as compared with the controls. Thus, our study supports protective effects of activating receptors in BKV infection and suggest natural killer-cell-related genetic predisposition to the development of BKV-associated nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trydzenskaya
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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Kuśnierczyk P. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene associations with autoimmune and allergic diseases, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and neoplasms. Front Immunol 2013; 4:8. [PMID: 23372569 PMCID: PMC3557723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of cell surface inhibitory or activating receptors expressed on natural killer cells and some subpopulations of T lymphocytes. KIR genes are clustered in the 19q13.4 region and are characterized by both allelic (high numbers of variants) and haplotypic (different numbers of genes for inhibitory and activating receptors on individual chromosomes) polymorphism. This contributes to diverse susceptibility to diseases and other clinical situations. Associations of KIR genes, as well as of genes for their ligands, with selected diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and non-small cell lung cancer are discussed in the context of NK and T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wrocław, Poland
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Rosenthal DW, DeVoti JA, Steinberg BM, Abramson AL, Bonagura VR. T(H)2-like chemokine patterns correlate with disease severity in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Mol Med 2012; 18:1338-45. [PMID: 23019074 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), characterized by the recurrent growth of benign tumors of the respiratory tract, is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), predominantly types 6 and 11. Surgical removal of these lesions can be required as frequently as every 3 to 4 wks to maintain a patent airway. There is no approved medical treatment for this disease. In this study, we have characterized the T(H)2-like chemokine profile (CCL17, CCL18, CCL20, CCL22) in patients with RRP and asked whether it was modulated in patients who had achieved significant clinical improvement. CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were increased in papillomas compared with clinically normal laryngeal epithelium of the RRP patients. Overall, CCL20 mRNA expression was not increased, but there was intense, selective CCL20 protein expression in the basal layer of the papillomas. Patients with RRP expressed more CCL17 (p = 0.003), CCL18 (p = 0.0003), and CCL22 (p = 0.007) in their plasma than controls. Plasma CCL18 decreased over time in three patients enrolled in a pilot clinical trial of celecoxib, and the decrease occurred in conjunction with clinical improvement. There was a significant correlation between sustained clinical remission in additional patients with RRP and reduced levels of CCL17 (p = 0.01), CCL22 (p = 0.002) and CCL18 (p = 0.05). Thus, the change in expression of these three plasma T(H)2-like chemokines may, with future studies, prove to serve as a useful biomarker for predicting disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Rosenthal
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cells is controlled by several activating and inhibitory receptors, including the family of killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). One distinctive feature of KIRs is the extensive number of various haplotypes generated by the gene content within the KIR gene locus as well as by highly polymorphic members of the KIR gene family, namely KIR3DL1/S1. Within the KIR3DL1/S1 gene locus, KIR3DS1 represents a conserved allelic variant and displays other unique features in comparison to the highly polymorphic KIR3DL1 allele. KIR3DS1 is present in all human populations and belongs to the KIR haplotype group B. KIR3DS1 encodes for an activating receptor featuring the characteristic short cytoplasmic tail and a positively charged residue within the transmembrane domain, which allows recruitment of the ITAM-bearing adaptor molecule DAP12. Although HLA class I molecules are thought to represent natural KIR ligands, and HLA-Bw4 molecules serve as ligands for KIR3DL1, the ligand for KIR3DS1 still needs to be identified. Despite the lack of formal evidence for an interaction of KIR3DS1 with HLA-Bw4-I80 or any other HLA class I subtype to date, a growing number of associations between the presence of KIR3DS1 and the outcome of viral infections have been described. Especially, the potential protective role of KIR3DS1 in combination with HLA-Bw4-I80 in the context of HIV-1 infection has been studied intensively. In addition, a number of recent studies have associated the presence or absence of KIR3DS1 with the occurrence and outcome of some malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In this review, we summarize the present knowledge regarding the characteristics of KIRD3S1 and discuss its role in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körner
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University Charlestown, MA, USA
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45
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Portela P, Jobim LF, Salim PH, Koff WJ, Wilson TJ, Jobim MR, Schwartsmann G, Roesler R, Jobim M. Analysis of KIR gene frequencies and HLA class I genotypes in prostate cancer and control group. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:423-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are more than simple killers and have been implicated in control and clearance of malignant and virally infected cells, regulation of adaptive immune responses, rejection of bone marrow transplants, and autoimmunity and the maintenance of pregnancy. Human NK cells largely use a family of germ-line encoded killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to respond to the perturbations from self-HLA class I molecules present on infected, malignant, or HLA-disparate fetal or allogenic transplants. Genes encoding KIR receptors and HLA class I ligands are located on different chromosomes, and both feature extraordinary diversity in the number and type of genes. The independent segregation of KIR and HLA gene families produce diversity in the number and type of KIR-HLA gene combinations inherited in individuals, which may determine their immunity and susceptibility to diseases. This chapter provides an overview of NK cells and their unprecedented phenotypic and functional diversity within and between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Rajalingam R. Human diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and disease. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2011; 46:216-28. [PMID: 22259627 PMCID: PMC3259513 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2011.46.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are the third population of lymphocyte in the mononuclear cell compartment that triggers first-line of defense against viral infection and tumor transformation. Historically, NK cells were thought of as components of innate immunity based on their intrinsic ability to spontaneously kill target cells independent of HLA antigen restriction. However, it is now clear that NK cells are quite sophisticated and use a highly specific and complex target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated via a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are the key receptors of human NK cells development and function. To date, fourteen distinct KIRs have been identified: eight are inhibitory types, and six are activating types. The number and type of KIR genes present varies substantially between individuals. Inhibitory KIRs recognize distinct motifs of polymorphic HLA class I molecules. Upon engagement of their specific HLA class I ligands, inhibitory KIR dampen NK cell reactivity. In contrast, activating KIRs are believed to stimulate NK cell reactivity when they sense their ligands (unknown). KIR and HLA gene families map to different human chromosomes (19 and 6, respectively), and their independent segregation produces a wide diversity in the number and type of inherited KIR-HLA combinations, likely contributing to overall immune competency. Consistent with this hypothesis, certain combinations of KIR-HLA variants have been correlated with susceptibility to diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, and cancer. This review summarizes our emerging understanding of KIR-HLA diversity in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Differential association of KIR gene loci to risk of malaria in ethnic groups of Assam, Northeast India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1921-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
During development, natural killer (NK) cells exit the BM to reach the blood. CXCR4 retains NK cells in the BM, whereas the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) promotes their exit from this organ. However, how the action of these receptors is coordinated to preserve NK-cell development in the BM parenchyma while providing mature NK cells at the periphery is unclear. The role of CXCR4 and S1P5 in NK-cell recirculation at the periphery is also unknown. In the present study, we show that, during NK-cell differentiation, CXCR4 expression decreases whereas S1P5 expression increases, thus favoring the exit of mature NK cells via BM sinusoids. Using S1P5(-/-) mice and a new knockin mouse model in which CXCR4 cannot be desensitized (a mouse model of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis [WHIM] syndrome), we demonstrate that NK-cell exit from the BM requires both CXCR4 desensitization and S1P5 engagement. These 2 signals occur independently of each other: CXCR4 desensitization is not induced by S1P5 engagement and vice versa. Once in the blood, the S1P concentration increases and S1P5 responsiveness decreases. This responsiveness is recovered in the lymph nodes to allow NK-cell exit via lymphatics in a CXCR4-independent manner. Therefore, coordinated changes in CXCR4 and S1P5 responsiveness govern NK-cell trafficking.
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Abstract
NK cell effector function is regulated by a range of activating and inhibitory receptors, and many of their known ligands are MHC class I molecules. Human NK receptors encoded by the Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family recognize polymorphic HLA-C as well as some HLA-A and HLA-B molecules. KIRs are expressed by uterine NK (uNK) cells, which are distinctive NK cells directly in contact with the invading fetal placental cells that transform the uterine arteries during the first trimester. Trophoblast cells express both maternal and paternal HLA-C allotypes and can therefore potentially interact with KIRs expressed by uNK. Therefore, allorecognition of paternal HLA-C by maternal KIR might influence trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling, with subsequent effects on placental development and the outcome of pregnancy. We discuss here the studies relating to KIR/HLA-C interactions with an emphasis on how these function during pregnancy to regulate placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympe Chazara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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