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Jacob TV, Doshi GM. New Promising Routes in Peptic Ulcers: Toll-like Receptors and Semaphorins. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:865-878. [PMID: 37605412 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230821102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Peptic ulcers (PU) are one of the commonest yet problematic diseases found to be existing in the majority of the population. Today, drugs from a wide range of therapeutic classes are available for the management of the disease. Still, the complications of the condition are difficult to tackle and the side effect profile is quite a concern. The literature indicates that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Semaphorins (SEMAs) have been under study for their various pharmacological actions over the past few decades. Both these signalling pathways are found to regulate immunological and inflammatory responses. Moreover, receptors and signalling molecules from the family of TLRs and SEMAs are found to have bacterial recognition and antibacterial properties which are essential in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the major causative agents of PU. Our understanding of SEMAs, a class of proteins involved in cell signalling, is relatively less developed compared to TLRs, another class of proteins involved in the immune response. SEMAs and TLRs play different roles in biological processes, with SEMAs primarily involved in guiding cell migration and axon guidance during development, while TLRs are responsible for recognizing pathogens and initiating an immune response. Here, in this review, we will discuss in detail the signalling cascade of TLRs and SEMAs and thereby understand its association with PU for future therapeutic targeting. The review also aims at providing an overview of the study that has been into exploring the role of these signalling pathways in the management of PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa V Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Yan L, Wang P, Zhao F, Hu S. The role of toll-like receptors in immune tolerance induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13020. [PMID: 37691007 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerobic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa in about half of the world's population. H. pylori infection can lead to various diseases. Chronic infection by H. pylori exposes the gastric mucosa to bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and several toxic proteins. Infected with H. pylori activates the release of pro-inflammatory factors and triggers inflammatory responses that damage the gastric mucosa. As the only microorganism that permanently colonizes the human stomach, H. pylori can suppress host immunity to achieve long-term colonization. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in T-cell activation, promoting innate immune responses and immune tolerance during H. pylori infection. Among the 10 TLRs found in humans, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 have been thoroughly investigated in relation to H. pylori-linked immune regulation. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the various mechanisms employed by different TLRs in the induction of immune tolerance upon H. pylori infection, which will contribute to the research of pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shoukui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Luo P, Li T, Wang S, Sun F, Gong P, Mei B. Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms with cervical HR-HPV infection status in Chinese Han population. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:152. [PMID: 36915050 PMCID: PMC10012518 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may be involved in the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In our study, we aimed to investigate the association of TLR4 (rs10116253, rs1927911, rs10759931) and TLR9 (rs187084, rs352140) gene polymorphisms with cervical persistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, as well as multiple HR-HPV infections. METHODS A total of 269 study subjects were enrolled and grouped by retrospectively analyzing the HR-HPV testing results and other clinical data of 2647 gynecological outpatients from Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University. We conducted a case-control study to compare the role of TLR4/TLR9 gene polymorphisms between HR-HPV transient and persistent infections, as well as between HR-HPV single and multiple infections. HR-HPV genotypes were detected using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms. Analyses of the different outcome variables (HR-HPV infection status and time for HR-HPV clearance) with respect to TLR4/TLR9 polymorphisms were carried out. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of TLR4/TLR9 genotypes and alleles with HR-HPV infection status. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between TLR4/TLR9 genotypes and the time for HR-HPV clearance. RESULTS The mutant genotypes of TLR9 rs187084 and rs352140 were associated with persistent (rs187084: CT and CT+CC; rs352140: CT and CT+TT) and multiple (rs187084: CT and CT+CC; rs352140: CT+TT) (all P < 0.05) HR-HPV infection. However, no association was found between TLR4 polymorphisms and HR-HPV infection status. Kaplan-Meier time to HR-HPV clearance analysis demonstrated that women carrying rs187084 and rs352140 mutant genotypes take longer duration to clear HR-HPV infection compared with wild-type genotype carriers (P1 = 0.012; P2 = 0.031). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TLR9 polymorphisms, but not TLR4, were associated with cervical persistent and multiple HR-HPV infections, which could be useful as a potential predictor of HR-HPV infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Fenglan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Pathology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China.
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Jha A, Nath N, Kumari A, Kumari N, Panda AK, Mishra R. Polymorphisms and haplotypes of TLR-4/9 associated with bacterial infection, gingival inflammation/recession and oral cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154284. [PMID: 36563560 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression and SNPs of innate immunity genes TLR-4/9 for bacterial infection, gingival inflammation/gingival recession (GIGR), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHOD 235 specimens (120 OSCC cases, among which 85 cases with either Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum or Treponema denticola infection and GIGR) and 115 healthy controls were used to know the expression and polymorphisms (TLR-4: N1:rs10759931, N2:rs11536889, N3:rs1927911, N4:rs4986790; TLR-9: N5:rs5743836, N6:rs352140, N7:rs187084 and N8:rs352139) of TLR-4/9 by western blot, RT-PCR, and allele-specific (AS)-PCR followed by sequencing. RESULTS Increased TLR-4/9 mRNA/protein expression, bacterial infection (BI) and GIGR were associated with OSCC incidence. One of the three BI and GIGR was observed in 70.83% of OSCC cases, whereas all the HC used were free from any of these three BI/GIGR. The N3: CT-genotype (Odds Ratio hereafter as O.R.=1.811, p = 0.0338), TT-genotype (O.R.=3.094, p = 0.0124), 'T'-allele (O.R.=1.821, p = 0.003), N4: AG-genotype (O.R.=2.015, p = 0.0222) and 'G'-allele (O.R.=1.86, p = 0.018) of TLR-4 as well as the N5: CC-genotype (O.R.=3.939, p = 0.0017), 'C'-allele (O.R.=1.839, p = 0.0042), N6: AA-genotype (O.R.=2.195, p = 0.0234), 'A'-allele (O.R.=1.569, p = 0.0163), N7: TC-genotype (O.R.=2.083, p = 0.0136), CC-genotype (O.R.=2.984, p = 0.003) and 'C'-allele (O.R.=1.885, p = 0.0008) of TLR-9 were associated with increased OSCC risk. Similarly, the N2:'C'-allele (O.R.=1.615, p = 0.0382), N3: TT-genotype (O.R.=2.829, p = 0.0336), 'T'-allele (O.R.=1.742, p = 0.0115), N4: AG-genotype (O.R.=2.221, p = 0.0147) and 'G'-allele (O.R.=1.890, p = 0.0238) of TLR-4 as well as the N5: CC-genotype (O.R.=2.830, p = 0.031), N6: AA-genotype (O.R.=2.6, p = 0.0122) and 'A'-allele (O.R.=1.746, p = 0.0064), N7:CC-genotype (O.R.2.706, p = 0.0111) and 'C'-allele (O.R. 1.774, p = 0.0055) of TLR-9 were correlated with GIGR and BI. TLR-4 (N1-N2-N3-N4: A-C-T-A (O.R.=2.1, p = 0.0069) and TLR-9 (N5-N6-N7-N8: T-A-C-A (O.R.=2.019, p = 0.0263); C-A-C-A (O.R.=6.0, p = 0.0084); C-A-C-G (O.R.=4.957, p = 0.0452) haplotypes were linked with OSCC vulnerability, while the TLR-4 (N1-N2-N3-N4: G-C-C-A (O.R.=0.5752, p = 0.0131) and TLR-9 (N5-N6-N7-N8: T-G-T-A (O.R.=0.5438, p = 0.0314); T-G-T-G (O.R.=0.5241, p = 0.036) haplotypes offered protection. CONCLUSION TLR-4/9 expression, polymorphisms, and BI-induced GIGR could increase OSCC risk. This may be used in pathogenesis and oral cancer prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Anjali Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Aditya K Panda
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India.
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
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He W, Jiang M. TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection in Zhejiang, China and its enlightenment to nursing care. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24453. [PMID: 35500224 PMCID: PMC9169190 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous literatures on the association between TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection risk reported conflict results. We conducted a case-control study and meta-analysis to investigate whether TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS 254 patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and 235 patients with Helicobacter pylori negative were enrolled. PubMed, Embase, CNKI (Chinese national knowledge internet) were carefully searched and reviewed. Odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to calculate the association power. RESULTS GG genotype of TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism contributes increased risk to the population of Zhejiang, China (p = 0.019). Meta-analysis found that the positive findings came from Asian population by allele contrast (p = 0.006), homozygote comparison (p = 0.006) and recessive genetic model (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection risk for population of Zhejiang, China. Combined with individual gene polymorphism, the accuracy of risk assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection can be improved and individualized health education can be provided for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection by nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan He
- Emergency and Critical Care CenterNursing DepartmentIntensive Care UnitZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College)HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Meina Jiang
- General SurgeryCancer CenterNursing DepartmentDepartment of Colorectal SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College)HangzhouZhejiangChina
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Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Induction and Regulation of the Innate Immune Response in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1347-1363. [PMID: 35124288 PMCID: PMC8933844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The intestinal type of GC progresses from acute to chronic gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma. Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population, is the causal determinant that initiates the gastric inflammation and then disease progression. In this context, the induction of the innate immune response of gastric epithelial cells and myeloid cells by H. pylori effectors plays a critical role in the outcome of the infection. However, only 1% to 3% of infected patients develop gastric adenocarcinoma, emphasizing that other mechanisms regulate the localized non-specific response, including the gastric microbiota and genetic factors. This review summarizes studies describing the factors that induce and regulate the mucosal innate immune response during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the primary etiologic factor that induces events in the immune system that lead to peptic ulcers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important part of the innate immune system, as they play pivotal roles in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition of HP as well host-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent advancements such as COX-2 production, LPS recognition through TLR2, CagL, and CagY protein of HP activating TLR5, TLR9 activation via type IV secretion system (T4SS) using DNA transfer, TLR polymorphisms, their adaptor molecules, cytokines, and other factors play a significant role in PUD. Thus, some novel PUD treatments including Chuyou Yuyang granules, function by TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway suppression and TNF-α and IL-18 inhibition also rely on TLR signaling. Similarly glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) treatment activates TLR-4 in Ana-1 cells not via TRIF, but via MYD88 expression, which is significantly upregulated to cure PUD. Therefore, understanding TLR signaling complexity and its resultant immune modulation after host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to drug and vaccine development for other diseases as well including cancer and recent pandemic COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the TLRs and HP interaction; its pathophysiology-related signaling pathways, polymorphisms, and pharmaceutical approaches toward PUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Narayan Nepal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Săsăran MO, Mocan S, Ghiga DV, Bogliş A, Duicu C. Innate immunity – the hallmark of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric chronic gastritis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6686-6697. [PMID: 34447815 PMCID: PMC8362532 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity was found to be associated with both persistence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and increased risk of gastric cancer.
AIM To identify the risk factors associated with H. pylori infection and to establish the role of TLR9 rs352140 in suppressing or promoting inflammation related to this infection in children.
METHODS We performed a study of 155 children with digestive symptoms, who were divided into two groups according to the histopathological exam: Group 1 – 48 children with H. pylori-induced chronic gastritis, and Group 2 – control group.
RESULTS Rural area and poor living conditions were significantly associated with H. pylori chronic gastritis (P = 0.0042/P < 0.0001). Both positive immunoglobulin A anti H. pylori and the rapid urease test were significantly associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.0001). Significantly higher values of leukocytes and neutrophils within the peripheral blood were found in children with H. pylori chronic gastritis (P = 0.111/P = 0.284). We found a significant positive correlation between the variant TT genotype of TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism and both leucocytes and neutrophils (P = 0.0225/P = 0.0292).
CONCLUSION Variant TT genotype carriers of the TLR9 rs352140 gene polymorphism might have a more severe degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Simona Mocan
- Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania
| | - Dana Valentina Ghiga
- Scientific Medical Research Methodology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Alina Bogliş
- Department of Genetics, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Carmen Duicu
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
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The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in virus-related cancers: a mini review. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The modulation of the host innate immune system is a well-established carcinogenesis feature of several tumors, including human Epstein-Barr (EBV) and Papillomavirus-(HPV) related cancers. These viruses are able to interrupt the initial events of the immune response, including the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and inflammation. The aim of the study is to review current data and summarize knowledge on the TLRs and their role in the development of cancer, especially viral-related cancers (EBV and HPV). Research work shows a correlation between the TLRs polymorphism and the development of oropharyngeal and gastric cancer (GC), especially related to viral infections. Many studies suggest the important role for TLRs in inflammatory, autoimmune disease and human cancers. However, further efforts are necessary to draw a precise conclusion.
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10
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Dooyema SDR, Krishna US, Loh JT, Suarez G, Cover TL, Peek RM. Helicobacter pylori-Induced TLR9 Activation and Injury Are Associated With the Virulence-Associated Adhesin HopQ. J Infect Dis 2020; 224:360-365. [PMID: 33245103 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. The H. pylori cancer-associated cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS), which translocates microbial DNA and activates TLR9; however, most cag-PAI+-infected persons do not develop cancer and cag-PAI-independent regulators of pathogenesis, including strain-specific adhesins, remain understudied. We defined the relationships between H. pylori HopQ adhesin allelic type, gastric injury, and TLR9 activation. Type I hopQ alleles were significantly associated with magnitude of injury, cag-T4SS function, and TLR9 activation. Genetic deletion of hopQ significantly decreased H. pylori-induced TLR9 activation, implicating this adhesin in H. pylori-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D R Dooyema
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Microbe-Host Interactions Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Uma S Krishna
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John T Loh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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What are the effects of IL-1β (rs1143634), IL-17A promoter (rs2275913) and TLR4 (rs4986790) gene polymorphism on the outcomes of infection with H. pylori within as Iranian population; A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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TLR4 896A/G and TLR9 1174G/A polymorphisms are associated with the risk of infectious mononucleosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13154. [PMID: 32753695 PMCID: PMC7403730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate innate and adaptive immune responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR genes may influence host–pathogen interactions and can have an impact on the progression of infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the genotype distribution of TLR2 (2029C/T, rs121917864; 2258G/A, rs5743708), TLR4 (896A/G, rs4986790), and TLR9 (− 1237T/C, rs5743836; − 1486T/C, rs187084; 1174G/A, rs352139; and 2848C/T, rs352140) polymorphisms in 149 children and adolescents with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 140 healthy individuals. The potential association of TLR SNPs with the clinical manifestations of EBV infection was also studied. The presence of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 SNPs was identified by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). EBV DNA loads were detected by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The TLR4 896 GG and the TLR9 1174 GA genotypes were associated with an increased risk of EBV-related IM in examined patients (p = 0.014 and p = 0.001, respectively). The heterozygous genotype of the TLR4 896A/G SNP was associated with an increased risk of elevated liver enzyme levels and leukocytosis (p < 0.05). Our preliminary study revealed that the TLR4 896A/G and the TLR9 1174G/A polymorphisms seem to be related to the course of acute EBV infection in children and adolescents.
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Konda N, Kaur I, Garg P, Chakrabarti S, Willcox MDP. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with keratitis. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 44:101352. [PMID: 32723620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in SNPs in TLR genes between people who had keratitis and controls in an Indian population. METHODS 145 cases of keratitis and 189 matched controls were recruited. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR2 (n = 6), TLR4 (n = 15), TLR5 (n = 13) and TLR9 (n = 10) were analysed. The risk of developing keratitis was assessed based on allele, genotype and haplotype associations. RESULTS For all cases of keratitis, the TLR4 SNP rs4986791 TC genotype frequency was significantly higher in cases (p = 0.006, OR = 1.96, 95 % CI 1.19-3.2). Including cases of only microbial keratitis (MK) revealed that genotypes in TLR2 SNP rs5743706 TA (p = 0.0001; OR = 8.61; 95 % CI 2.59-28.56)), TLR4 SNP s4986791 TC (p = 0.002; OR = 2.65; 95 % CI 1.39-5.07) were significantly more common for MK, whereas the TLR5 SNP rs2241096 A allele (p = 0.00316, OR = 0.42, 95 % CI 0.2-0.9286) and GA genotype (p = 0.016; OR = 0.45; 95 % CI 0.23-0.86) was significantly less common in MK cases. The TLR2 SNP rs5743706 genotype TA was significantly less common in the sterile keratitis (SK) group (p = 0.004, OR = 0.43, 95 %CI 0.24-0.77). Haplotype analysis of MK compared to controls showed that TLR2 AT was more common in controls (p = 0.003); TLR4 ACAC was more common in cases (p = 0.004); TLR5 TGGCA was more common in controls (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study revealed multiple associations between variants across TLR genes, which may have implications for understanding the underlying host factors, risk of developing keratitis and molecular pathogenesis in keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Konda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prashant Garg
- The Cornea Institute, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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The role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is the most common malignancy caused by EBV infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as major components of innate immune system are crucial in the development of inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate tissue and serum level of TLR9 in EBV-positive and EBV-negative gastric cancer patients. The study involved 30 EBV(+) and 30 EBV(-) patients. EBV DNA was detected in fresh frozen tumor tissue. In serum samples TLR9 level, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and antibodies against EBV were detected using ELISA tests. TLR9 level was also measured in homogenate of tumour tissue. TLR9 level was statistically lower in EBV(+) patients both in serum and tissue, with statistically higher level in tissue than in serum. Lower level of TLR9 was accompanied by higher level of Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBVCA), Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) and early antigen (EA). A lower level of TLR9 was detected in patients with poorly differentiated cancer (G3) and greater lymph nodes involvement (N3-N4). Lower level of TLR9 in patients with EA may point to TLR9 role in reactivation of EBV infection.
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15
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Ni WW, Zhang QM, Zhang X, Li Y, Yu SS, Wu HY, Chen Z, Li AL, Du P, Li C. Modulation effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 on gut microbiota and TLR4 expression in β-lactoglobulin-induced allergic mice model. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:149-157. [PMID: 31477403 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg)-sensitized mice model was employed to investigate the correlation between Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 (Lap KLDS 1.0738) modulating gut microbiota and inducting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression. METHODS The alterations of mice fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The serum cytokines production and TLR4/NF-κB mRNA expression in the colon tissues were measured by ELISA kit and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that Lap KLDS 1.0738 pretreatment attenuated β-Lg-induced hypersensitivity, accompanied with a diminished expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Moreover, oral administration of Lap KLDS 1.0738 improved the richness and diversity of fecal microbiota, which was characterized by fewer Proteobacteria phylum and Helicobacteraceae family, and higher Firmicutes phylum and Lachnospiraceae family than allergic group. Notably, TLR4/NF-κB expression was positively correlated with the family of Helicobacteraceae in allergic group, but negatively correlated with the family of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and anti-inflammatory cytokines level. A significant positive correlation was observed between TLR4/NF-κB expression and the production of histamine, total IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Intake of Lap KLDS 1.0738 can influence the gut bacterial composition, which might result in recognizing TLRs signaling so as to inhibit allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-W Ni
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Q-M Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - S-S Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - H-Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - A-L Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
| | - P Du
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
| | - C Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
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Eed EM, Hawash YA, Khalifa AS, Alsharif KF, Alghamdi SA, Almalki AA, Almehmadi MM, Ismail KA, Taha AA, Saber T. Association of toll-like receptors 2, 4, 9 and 10 genes polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases in Saudi patients. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:94-100. [PMID: 32719215 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent human pathogens worldwide. However, the outcomes of H. pylori infection are markedly variable from asymptomatic mild lesion to malignant transformation. Many factors are suggested to influence these infection outcomes, including host immunity and genetic susceptibility. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognise different microbial components and play an essential role in the mucosal immune response against H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods The association between the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of TLR2, 4, 9 and 10 and H. pylori-related gastric diseases were investigated by molecular methods after the confirmation of H. pylori infection. The study included 210 patients in three groups; chronic gastritis (n = 90), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (n = 75) and gastric carcinoma (n = 45). Results The results showed a significant association between TLR4 SNPs (rs 4986790 and rs 4986791) and the presence of H. pylori infection, especially in chronic gastritis patient group. Furthermore, TLR9-rs352140 TT genotype was more prevalent among chronic gastritis patient group. TLR10-rs 10004195 TT genotype was found to be less prevalent among H. pylori-related chronic gastritis and PUD and was suspected to have a protective effect. TLR2 SNPs (rs3804099 and rs3804100) showed no significant statistical difference between H. pylori-infected patients and the controls. Conclusion TLR genes polymorphisms may play a role in H. pylori infection susceptibility and may influence its outcomes; however, the ethnic and other factors may modify this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousry A Hawash
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular and Clinical Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany S Khalifa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem A Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadiga A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Taha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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de Sena-Reis JS, Bezerra DD, Figueiredo CA, Barreto ML, Alcântara-Neves NM, da Silva TM. Relationship between African Biogeographical Ancestry and Helicobacter pylori infection in children of a large Latin American urban center. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12662. [PMID: 31571359 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The relationship between race/ethnicity and H pylori infection has been extensively reported, with a higher prevalence of infection observed in black individuals. Whether such differences are due to genetic factors underlying African ancestry remains to be clarified. In the present study, we evaluated the association between the proportion of individual African ancestry and H pylori infection in a sample of 1046 children living in a large Latin American urban center. MATERIALS AND METHODS Estimation of individual biogeographical ancestry was based on 370,539 SNPs and performed using the ADMIXTURE software. Multivariate logistic regression models and mediation analysis considering the influence of previously recognized socioenvironmental risk factors to H pylori infection were performed. All analyses were conducted using the statistical package STATA v.14.0. RESULTS Each 10% increase in the proportion of individual African ancestry was positively and independently associated with H pylori infection in our population (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.10-1.36, P < .001). Mediation analysis demonstrated that only 9.23% of the effect of the individual African ancestry on H pylori infection was explained by factors such as household income, the absence of street paving and crowding. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that genetic variants that covariate with African ancestry may explain an important part of the racial differences observed for the prevalence of H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucineide Silva de Sena-Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Biodiversity and Conservation - PPGGBC, State University of Southwest of Bahia - UESB, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Débora Diniz Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Biodiversity and Conservation - PPGGBC, State University of Southwest of Bahia - UESB, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lima Barreto
- Center for Integration of Data and Knowledge for Health (CIDACS) / FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Magalhães da Silva
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences - DCB, UESB, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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Clyne M, Rowland M. The Role of Host Genetic Polymorphisms in Helicobacter pylori Mediated Disease Outcome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:151-172. [PMID: 31016623 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of infection with the chronic gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is not the same for all individuals and also differs in different ethnic groups. Infection occurs in early life (<3 years of age), and while all infected persons mount an immune response and develop gastritis, the majority of individuals are asymptomatic. However, up to 10-15% develop duodenal ulceration, up to 1% develop gastric cancer (GC) and up to 0.1% can develop gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The initial immune response fails to clear infection and H. pylori can persist for decades. H. pylori has been classified as a group one carcinogen by the WHO. Interestingly, development of duodenal ulceration protects against GC. Factors that determine the outcome of infection include the genotype of the infecting strains and the environment. Host genetic polymorphisms have also been identified as factors that play a role in mediating the clinical outcome of infection. Several studies present compelling evidence that polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) play a role in modulating disease outcome. However, as the number of studies grows emerging confounding factors are small sample size and lack of appropriate controls, lack of consideration of environmental and bacterial factors and ethnicity of the population. This chapter is a review of current evidence that host genetic polymorphisms play a role in mediating persistent H. pylori infection and the consequences of the subsequent inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine and The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marion Rowland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Huang Z, Liu Y, Liang L, Liu W, Sooranna SR, Mo J, Liu L, Li Z, Guo J. Association of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease in the ethnic Zhuang population of the Guangxi Province of China. Gene 2019; 708:1-9. [PMID: 31082501 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to be involved in the innate immunity and inflammatory responses that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to examine the potential relationship of TLR4 polymorphisms and serum TLR4 protein levels and the risk of CAD in the ethnic Zhuang population of China. METHODS 1171 serum samples were collected from Zhuang patients, including 556 CAD cases (≥50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel) and 615 normal healthy controls (subjects with no luminal stenosis in coronary arteries). Detection of TLR4 polymorphisms was by single base extension polymerase chain reaction (Snapshot PCR) and DNA sequencing (rs11536879A/G and rs11536889G/C) gene sequence in all subjects. Serum TLR4 protein concentrations was measured by ELISA. RESULTS There are significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of TLR4 gene rs11536889 between Chinese Zhuang CAD patients and controls, especially in the males. Male carriers of rs11536879 andrs11536889 variant alleles show an increased risk of CAD compared to non-carriers. Serum TLR4 protein levels of CAD patients are higher than controls and the levels tended to increase with the number of coronary artery lesions. Serum TLR4 protein levels of CAD patients showed no correlation with rs11536879 and rs11536889 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS The rs11536879 and rs11536889 polymorphisms of TLR4 gene and serum TLR4 protein levels may contribute to the occurrence and development of CAD. However, the rs11536879 and rs11536889 polymorphisms have no significant effects on the expression of serum TLR4 protein in Zhuang patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Limei Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369, Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - Jianjiao Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Zhile Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.
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Mirkamandar E, Nemati M, Hayatbakhsh MM, Bassagh A, Khosravimashizi A, Jafarzadeh A. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the TLR2 gene (rs3804099), but not in the TLR4 gene (rs4986790), with Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 29:283-291. [PMID: 29755012 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.17484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2 and TLR4, take part in elicitation of immune responses against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs3804099 in the TLR2 gene and rs4986790 in the TLR4 gene with H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer (PU). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood specimens were obtained from 350 individuals, including 100 H. pylori-infected patients with PU, 125 H. pylori-infected asymptomatic subjects (AS), and 125 non-infected healthy subjects (NHS). The DNA was extracted, and the SNPs were determined using ARMS-PCR method. RESULTS The frequency of CT genotype at TLR2 SNP rs3804099 in both the PU and AS groups was significantly higher than in the NHS group (p<0.05). In total H. pylori-infected individuals (PU+AS), the frequency of the CT genotype at rs3804099 was also significantly higher than in the NHS group (p<0.005). The frequency of the CC genotype at rs3804099 in PU+AS was markedly lower than in the NHS group (p=0.066). PU patients carried CT genotype more frequently than total healthy individuals (AS+NHS) (p<0.03). The distribution of the TT genotype was lower, whereas the frequency of the CT genotype was higher in AS individuals infected with CagA+ strains than those infected with CagA- strains (p<0.03). No significant differences were found among the PU, AS, and NHS groups regarding the genetic differences at rs4986790 in the TLR4 gene. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence regarding the association of the rs3804099 in the TLR2 gene with H. pylori infection and PU. The rs3804099 may affect vulnerability to H. pylori infection, particularly to CagA+ strains of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mirkamandar
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences School of Para-Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Hayatbakhsh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezu Bassagh
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezu Khosravimashizi
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Xu F, Mai CL, Zhu Q. Association of TLR-9 polymorphisms with the development of gastroduodenal ulcer: A hospital-based study in a Chinese cohort. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x18757262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infections have been one of the major factors associated with gastroduodenal ulcer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of human recognize mycobacterium-induced immune response and protect subjects from disease pathogenesis. Variants in TLR genes are believed to influence immune responses to H. pylori and clinical severity. TLR-9 polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to gastroduodenal ulcer in different populations. In this study, we investigate the role of common TLR-9 variants in susceptibility/resistance to the development of gastroduodenal ulcer in a Chinese cohort. The present hospital-based case–control study enrolled 580 patients with abdominal discomfort, and based on endoscopic investigation, the patients were categorized into (1) gastric ulcer (n = 154), (2) duodenal ulcer (n = 70), (3) gastric and duodenal ulcers (n = 25), (4) gastritis (n = 195), and (5) healthy stomach (n = 136). A total of 520 healthy controls from similar geographical areas were enrolled as controls. TLR-9 (C-1237T, C-1486T, and G+2848A) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in both healthy controls and patients were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in biopsy tissues were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of TLR-9+2848 heterozygotes (CT) was significantly higher in gastroduodenal ulcer patients compared to healthy controls. Sub-categorization of patients revealed higher prevalence of heterozygotes of TLR-9 C+2848T and C-1486T polymorphisms in patients with gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), and those with both gastric and duodenal ulcers (GDU) when compared to controls. Patients displayed higher plasma cytokine levels than healthy controls. TLR-9 polymorphisms (C+2848T and C-1486T) correlated with altered cytokine expression in biopsy tissues and their plasma levels. In conclusion, TLR-9 (C+2848T and C-1486T) polymorphisms are associated with gastroduodenal ulcer and correlated with altered cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Digestive System Department, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-ling Mai
- Digestive System Department, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Digestive System Department, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Toll-Like Receptors are Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Mucosa Pathology. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.58351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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23
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Mommersteeg MC, Yu J, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM. Genetic host factors in Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis: Emerging new paradigms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:42-52. [PMID: 29154808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter Pylori is a gram negative rod shaped microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately half the world's population. Infection with c may cause chronic gastritis which via a quite well described process known as Correas cascade can progress through sequential development of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia to gastric cancer. H. pylori is currently the only bacterium that is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by the WHO, although the exact mechanisms by which this bacterium contributes to gastric carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. Only a minority of H. pylori-infected patients will eventually develop gastric cancer, suggesting that host factors may be important in determining the outcome of H. pylori infection. This is supported by a growing body of evidence suggesting that the host genetic background contributes to risk of H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. In particular single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that influence bacterial handling via pattern recognition receptors appear to be involved, further strengthening the link between host risk factors, H. pylori incidence and cancer. Many of these genes influence cellular pathways leading to inflammatory signaling, inflammasome formation and autophagy. In this review we summarize known carcinogenic effects of H. pylori, and discuss recent findings that implicate host genetic pattern recognition pathways in the development of gastric cancer and their relation with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C Mommersteeg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical center Rotterdam, Office NA-619, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Rm 707A, 7/F., Li Ka Shing Medical Science Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical center Rotterdam, Office NA-619, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical center Rotterdam, Office NA-619, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Goda V, Jayaraman M, Loganathan R, Nazeer M, Ali M, Karunakaran P, Devaraju P. TLR5 Polymorphisms rs2072493, rs5744174, and rs5744168 Are Not Genetic Risk Factors for Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection in Indian Tamils. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:537-543. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1319381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Goda
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Megala Jayaraman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Rekha Loganathan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Mehnaz Nazeer
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Premkumar Karunakaran
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
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