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Zhang J, Tian H, Mao L, Si L. Treatment of acral and mucosal melanoma: Current and emerging targeted therapies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104221. [PMID: 38036156 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies revolutionized the management of patients with advanced and metastatic cutaneous melanoma. However, despite recent advances in the understanding of the molecular drivers of melanoma and its treatment with targeted therapies, patients with rare and aggressive melanoma subtypes, including acral melanoma (AM) and mucosal melanomas (MM), show limited long-term clinical benefit from current targeted therapies. While patients with AM or MM and BRAF or KIT mutations may benefit from targeted therapies, the frequency of these mutations is relatively low, and there are no genotype-specific treatments for most patients with AM or MM who lack common driver mutations. The poor prognosis of AM and MM can also be attributed to the lack of understanding of their unique molecular landscapes and clinical characteristics, due to being under-represented in preclinical and clinical studies. We review current knowledge of the molecular landscapes of AM and MM, focusing on actionable therapeutic targets and pathways for molecular targeted therapies, to guide the development of more effective targeted therapies for these cancers. Current and emerging strategies for the treatment of these melanoma subtypes using targeted therapies are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaran Zhang
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huichun Tian
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Si
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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2
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Ahn SY, Bae GE, Park SY, Yeo MK. Differences in the Clinical and Molecular Profiles of Subungual Melanoma and Acral Melanoma in Asian Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4417. [PMID: 37686691 PMCID: PMC10486359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Subungual melanoma (SUM) is a rare type of malignant melanoma that arises beneath the nails. SUM is categorized as a type of acral melanoma (AM), which occurs on the hands and feet. SUM is an aggressive type of cutaneous melanoma that is most common among Asian patients. Recent studies reveal that SUM and AM might have different molecular characteristics. Treatment of melanoma relies on analysis of both clinical and molecular data. Therefore, the clinical and molecular characteristics of SUM need to be established, especially during metastasis. To define the mutation profiles of SUM and compare them with those of AM, we performed next-generation sequencing of primary and metastatic tumors of SUM and AM patients. Subungual location was a better independent prognostic factor than acral location for better overall survival (p = 0.001). Patients with SUM most commonly had the triple wild-type (75%) driven by GNAQ (58%) and KIT (25%) mutations, whereas patients with AM had BRAF (28.6%) and RAF (14.3%) molecular types of mutations. Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) were more common in SUM than in AM, whereas copy number alterations (CNAs) were more common metastatic lesions of AM. Metastatic tumors in patients with SUM and AM showed increases in CNAs (43% and 80%, respectively), but not in SNVs. The number of CNAs increased during metastasis. When compared with AM, SUM has distinct clinical and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Ahn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
| | - Go-Eun Bae
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Ito T, Hashimoto H, Kaku-Ito Y, Tanaka Y, Nakahara T. Nail Apparatus Melanoma: Current Management and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062203. [PMID: 36983205 PMCID: PMC10057171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nail apparatus melanoma (NAM) is a rare type of cutaneous melanoma that belongs to the acral melanoma subtype. NAM is managed principally in accordance with the general treatment for cutaneous melanoma, but there is scarce evidence in support of this in the literature. Acral melanoma is genetically different from non-acral cutaneous melanoma, while recently accumulated data suggest that NAM also has a different genetic background from acral melanoma. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the management of NAM. Localized NAM should be surgically removed; amputation of the digit and digit-preserving surgery have been reported. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be considered for invasive NAM for the purpose of accurate staging. However, it is yet to be clarified whether patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes can be safely spared completion lymph node dissection. Similar to cutaneous melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors are used as the first-line treatment for metastatic NAM, but data on the efficacy of these therapies remain scarce. The therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors could be lower for NAM than for cutaneous melanoma. This review highlights the urgent need to accumulate data to better define the optimal management of this rare melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5585; Fax: +81-92-642-5600
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4
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Broit N, Johansson PA, Rodgers CB, Walpole S, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of genomic alterations in acral melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:369-386. [PMID: 35229492 PMCID: PMC9540316 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) tumors arise on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, and nailbeds. A comprehensive systematic meta-analysis of AM genomic aberrations has not been conducted to date. A literature review was carried out to identify studies sequencing AM. Whole-genome/exome data from 181 samples were identified. Targeted panel sequencing data from MSK-IMPACT were included as a validation cohort (n = 92), and studies using targeted hot spot sequencing were also collated for BRAF (n = 26 studies), NRAS (n = 21), and KIT (n = 32). Statistical analysis indicated BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, TYRP1, and KIT as significantly mutated genes. Frequent copy-number aberrations were also found for important cancer genes, such as CDKN2A, KIT, MDM2, CCND1, CDK4, and PAK1, among others. Mapping genomic alterations within the context of the hallmarks of cancer identified four components frequently altered, including (i) sustained proliferative signaling and (ii) evading growth suppression, (iii) genome instability and mutation, and (iv) enabling replicative immortality. This analysis provides the largest analysis of genomic aberrations in AM in the literature to date and highlights pathways that may be therapeutically targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Broit
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter A. Johansson
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chloe B. Rodgers
- Genetics and Immunology GroupUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
| | - Sebastian T. Walpole
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nicholas K. Hayward
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Antonia L. Pritchard
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Genetics and Immunology GroupUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
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5
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Darmawan CC, Ohn J, Mun J, Kim S, Lim Y, Jo SJ, Kim Y, Kim B, Seong M, Kim BJ, Lee C, Kwak Y, Chung HJ, Virós A, Lee D. Diagnosis and treatment of nail melanoma: A review of the clinicopathologic, dermoscopic, and genetic characteristics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:651-660. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Darmawan
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface Biology Seoul National University 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - J. Ohn
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface Biology Seoul National University 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - J.‐H. Mun
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface Biology Seoul National University 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Skin Cancer/Chemotherapy Skin Care Center Seoul National University Cancer Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - Y. Lim
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Skin Cancer/Chemotherapy Skin Care Center Seoul National University Cancer Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - S. J. Jo
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Institute of Human‐Environment Interface Biology Seoul National University 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Department of Dermatology Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
- Skin Cancer/Chemotherapy Skin Care Center Seoul National University Cancer Hospital 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - Y.‐g. Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Green Cross Genomic Laboratories 107 Ihyeonro 30beon‐gil Giheng‐gu Yongin‐Si Gyeonggi‐do 16924 Korea
| | - B. Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - M.‐W. Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - B. J. Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - C. Lee
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - Y. Kwak
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐gu Seoul 03080 Korea
| | - H. J. Chung
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - A. Virós
- Skin Cancer and Ageing Lab Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute The University of Manchester Manchester SK10 4TG UK
| | - D.Y. Lee
- Department of Dermatology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University 81 Irwon‐Ro, Gangnam‐gu Seoul 06351 Korea
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Cherepakhin OS, Argenyi ZB, Moshiri AS. Genomic and Transcriptomic Underpinnings of Melanoma Genesis, Progression, and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:123. [PMID: 35008286 PMCID: PMC8750021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer with rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. The discovery of the genetic drivers of melanomagenesis in the last decade has led the World Health Organization to reclassify melanoma subtypes by their molecular pathways rather than traditional clinical and histopathologic features. Despite this significant advance, the genomic and transcriptomic drivers of metastatic progression are less well characterized. This review describes the known molecular pathways of cutaneous and uveal melanoma progression, highlights recently identified pathways and mediators of metastasis, and touches on the influence of the tumor microenvironment on metastatic progression and treatment resistance. While targeted therapies and immune checkpoint blockade have significantly aided in the treatment of advanced disease, acquired drug resistance remains an unfortunately common problem, and there is still a great need to identify potential prognostic markers and novel therapeutic targets to aid in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsolt B. Argenyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Ata S. Moshiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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7
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Millán-Esteban D, García-Casado Z, Manrique-Silva E, Virós A, Kumar R, Furney S, López-Guerrero JA, Requena C, Bañuls J, Traves V, Nagore E. Distribution and clinical role of KIT gene mutations in melanoma according to subtype: a study of 492 Spanish patients. Eur J Dermatol 2021; 31:830-838. [PMID: 33648909 PMCID: PMC7615026 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2021.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIT mutations are primarily associated with acral and mucosal melanoma, and have been reported to show higher prevalence in chronic sun-damaged (CSD) than non-CSD melanomas. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of KIT mutations in melanoma according to subtype, and determine the clinical role of such mutations. MATERIALS & METHODS We present results from a study of a Spanish population of 492 melanomas, classified according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We analysed the mutational status of KIT and correlated with different clinical variables related to sun exposure and family history. RESULTS KIT mutations were significantly more frequent in acral (3/36; 8.3%) and mucosal (4/8; 50%) melanomas than non-acral cutaneous melanomas. No significant difference was observed in KIT mutational status between CSD and non-CSD melanomas. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that KIT mutations in melanoma tumours are unrelated to the development of nevi or chronic sun damage, but their presence is associated with aggressive melanomas which show ulceration, vascular invasiveness, and increased Breslow thickness. These findings are consistent with those reported by The Cancer Genome Atlas network.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millán-Esteban
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. València, Spain
| | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. València, Spain
| | | | - Amaya Virós
- Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Aging. CRUK-Manchester Institute. University of Manchester. Manchester. UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Genomic Functional Analysis. DKFZ. Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Furney
- Genomic Oncology Research Group, Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology. Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. València, Spain
| | - Jose Bañuls
- Department of Dermatology. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Alicante, Spain
| | - Víctor Traves
- Department of Pathology. Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. València, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology. Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. València, Spain
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8
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Bernardes SS, Ferreira I, Elder DE, Nobre AB, Martínez‐Said H, Adams DJ, Robles‐Espinoza CD, Possik PA. More than just acral melanoma: the controversies of defining the disease. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:531-541. [PMID: 34213090 PMCID: PMC8503895 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is a malignant cutaneous melanocytic tumour specifically located on the palms, soles, and nail apparatus, which are areas of glabrous (hairless) skin. Acral lentiginous melanoma, a subtype of AM, represents a histopathological subtype diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma with unique morphological and structural features. Despite clear definitions, the misuse of these terms and the inconsistency in reporting the histopathological features of AM cases have become a major obstacle to the study of the disease. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, histopathological features, prognosis, and genetic profile of AM, highlighting the differences observed when histopathological subtypes are considered. The increasing global effort to characterise AM cases from ethnically diverse populations would benefit greatly from a more consistent classification of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Bernardes
- Program of Immunology and Tumour BiologyBrazilian National Cancer InstituteRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Tissue Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of General PathologyFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - David E Elder
- Division of Anatomic PathologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Aretha B Nobre
- Division of PathologyBrazilian National Cancer InstituteRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Serviço de Patologia, Maternidade EscolaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Héctor Martínez‐Said
- Servicio de Piel y Partes BlandasInstituto Nacional de CancerologíaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
| | - Carla Daniela Robles‐Espinoza
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma HumanoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSantiago de QuerétaroMexico
| | - Patricia A Possik
- Program of Immunology and Tumour BiologyBrazilian National Cancer InstituteRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Shen L, Guo J, Zhang Q, Pan H, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Liu T, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Shu Y, Huang X, Wang S, Wang J, Zhou A, Ye D, Sun T, Gao Y, Yang S, Wang Z, Li J, Wu YL. Tislelizumab in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors: an open-label, non-comparative, phase 1/2 study. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000437. [PMID: 32561638 PMCID: PMC7304812 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tislelizumab is an investigational, humanized, IgG4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and binding specificity for programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) that was engineered to minimize binding to FcγR on macrophages in order to abrogate antibody-dependent phagocytosis, a mechanism of T-cell clearance and potential resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. METHODS The purpose of this phase 1/2, open-label, non-comparative study was to examine the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of tislelizumab in adult (≥18 years) Chinese patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumors with measurable disease. The phase 1 portion of the study consisted of a dose-verification study and a pharmacokinetic (PK) substudy; phase 2 was an indication-expansion study including 11 solid tumor cohorts. Patients previously treated with therapies targeting PD-1 or its ligand, programmed cell death ligand-1 were excluded. During dose-verification, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were monitored; safety and tolerability were examined and the previously determined recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was verified. The primary endpoint of phase 2 was investigator-assessed objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. RESULTS As of December 1, 2018, 300 patients were treated with tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks (Q3W). Median duration of follow-up was 8.1 months (range 0.2-21.9). No DLTs were reported during the phase 1 dose-verification study and the RP2D was confirmed to be 200 mg intravenously Q3W. Most treatment-related adverse events (62%) were grade 1 or 2, with the most common being anemia (n=70; 23%) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (n=67; 22%). Of the 251 efficacy evaluable patients, 45 (18%) achieved a confirmed clinical response, including one patient from the PK substudy who achieved a complete response. Median duration of response was not reached for all except the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cohort (8.3 months). Antitumor responses were observed in multiple tumor types. CONCLUSIONS Tislelizumab was generally well tolerated among Chinese patients. Antitumor activity was observed in patients with multiple solid tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTR20160872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- The Cancer Institute Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yujuan Gao
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Silu Yang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jian Li
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Frequency of mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT in different populations and histological subtypes of melanoma: a systemic review. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:62-70. [PMID: 31274706 PMCID: PMC6940026 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The presence of mutations of BRAF, NRAS, and KIT genes is recognized as playing a role during carcinogenesis. Our study aims to evaluate and review other studies that present the frequency of mutations of BRAF, NRAS, and KIT genes for different populations, and analyse correlation to their clinical-pathological characteristics and to the demographics of melanoma. Thirty-two articles were selected from a collection of published literature studying 6299 patients. The parameters for correlation to different variables were calculated by odds ratio, for random and single effects. 38.5% of patients present BRAF gene mutations, 16.4% in NRAS, and 10% in KIT. Mutations of the BRAF gene were correlated to superficial spreading melanoma (odds ratio = 1.31), localization in the torso (odds ratio = 1.42) and presence of metastases. Mutations in NRAS were correlated to nodular melanoma (odds ratio = 1.57), localized in the limbs (odds ratio = 1.31). Mutations of the KIT gene were correlated to mucosal melanoma (odds ratio = 1.59). Populations in Brazil, the US, Sweden, Italian, and Australia were found to be correlated to mutations of BRAF and melanoma. Populations in Italy, Sweden, Spain, and the US were found to be correlated to mutations of NRAS. Populations in Japan, China, Turkey, Canada, and Russia were found to be correlated to mutations of KIT. Data correlated to the presence of melanoma and population type is due to the amount of studies performed across of globe.
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Tod BM, Schneider JW, Bowcock AM, Visser WI, Kotze MJ. The tumor genetics of acral melanoma: What should a dermatologist know? JAAD Int 2020; 1:135-147. [PMID: 34355205 PMCID: PMC8329760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatologists stand at the gateway of individualization of classification, treatment, and outcomes of acral melanoma patients. The acral melanoma genetic landscape differs in vital ways from that of other cutaneous melanomas. These differences have important implications in understanding pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. The selection of molecularly targeted therapy must be adapted for acral melanoma. It is also critical to recognize that tumor development is far more complex than an isolated event, reliably treated by a medication acting on a single target. Tumors exhibit intratumor genetic heterogeneity, metastasis may have different genetic or epigenetic features than primary tumors, and tumor resistance may develop because of the activation of alternative genetic pathways. Microenvironmental, immune, and epigenetic events contribute and sustain tumors in complex ways. Treatment strategies with multiple targets are required to effectively disrupt the tumor ecosystem. This review attempts to translate the current molecular understanding of acral melanoma into digestible concepts relevant to the practice of dermatology. The focus is tumor genetics defining potentially treatable cancer pathways, contextualized within the relevant pathologic and molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M. Tod
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johann W. Schneider
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anne M. Bowcock
- Departments of Dermatology, Oncological Sciences and Genetics and Genome Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Willem I. Visser
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maritha J. Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Su W, Guan Y, Huang B, Wang J, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Jiao Q, Ji J, Yu D, Xu L. Bioinformatic analysis reveals hub genes and pathways that promote melanoma metastasis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:863. [PMID: 32894090 PMCID: PMC7487637 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all skin tumors, and metastases are the major cause of death from it. The molecular mechanism leading to melanoma metastasis is currently unclear. METHODS With the goal of revealing the underlying mechanism, three data sets with accession numbers GSE8401, GSE46517 and GSE7956 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the differentially expressed gene (DEG) of primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma, three kinds of analyses were performed, namely functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and co-expression and drug-gene interaction prediction analysis. RESULTS A total of 41 up-regulated genes and 79 down-regulated genes was selected for subsequent analyses. Results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that extracellular matrix organization and proteoglycans in cancer are closely related to melanoma metastasis. In addition, seven pivotal genes were identified from PPI network, including CXCL8, THBS1, COL3A1, TIMP3, KIT, DCN, and IGFBP5, which have all been verified in the TCGA database and clinical specimens, but only CXCL8, THBS1 and KIT had significant differences in expression. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, CXCL8, THBS1 and KIT may be the hub genes in the metastasis of melanoma and thus may be regarded as therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Su
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guan
- School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longjiang Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association of KIT mutations with clinicopathologic features of melanomas using a meta-analysis and to identify differences between Asian and White populations using subgroup analyses. We selected 32 studies from the literature including 5224 patients. The pooled data were combined, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also determined. KIT mutations were reported in 497 (9.5%) of 5224 patients with melanomas, and were associated significantly with age, clinical melanoma subtype, anatomic location, and chronic sun-damage (CSD), but not with sex, histological type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, or tumor stage. The incidence of KIT mutation was significantly higher in older individuals (OR=1.296, 95% CI: 1.025-1.641; P=0.031), and showed a positive association with mucosal melanoma (OR=1.363, 95% CI: 1.094-1.697; P=0.006), acral melanoma (OR=1.374, 95% CI: 1.123-1.682; P=0.02), and CSD (OR=1.880, 95% CI: 1.127-3.136; P=0.016), but a negative relationship with melanomas arising in non-CSD skin (OR=0.562, 95% CI: 0.392-0.805; P=0.002). The frequency of KIT mutations was associated negatively with melanomas located on the extremities. KIT mutations, which are critical in the genetic pathogenesis of melanomas, define a unique subtype of melanoma associated closely with older age, and acral, mucosal, or CSD sites, but not associated with any histological features or tumor stage. Although the KIT mutation rate is higher in White than Asian populations, no significant difference in clinical association with KIT mutations was detected between the two groups.
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Dias-Santagata D, Selim MA, Su Y, Peng Y, Vollmer R, Chłopik A, Tell-Marti G, Paral KM, Shalin SC, Shea CR, Puig S, Fernandez-Figueras MT, Biernat W, Ryś J, Marszalek A, Hoang MP. KIT mutations and CD117 overexpression are markers of better progression-free survival in vulvar melanomas. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1376-1384. [PMID: 28734009 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed prognostic markers and none has correlated molecular status and prognosis in vulvar melanomas. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinicopathological features of 95 cases of vulvar melanoma. METHODS p53, CD117, Ki-67, neurofibromin, brafv600e and nrasq61r immunostains, and molecular analyses by either targeted next-generation or direct sequencing, were performed on available archival materials. RESULTS Molecular testing detected mutations in KIT (44%), BRAF (25%), NF1 (22%), TP53 (17%), NRAS (9%) and TERT promoter (9%). Co-mutation of KIT and NF1 and of KIT and NRAS were identified in two and one cases, respectively. KIT mutations were significantly associated with better progression-free survival in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses CD117 expression was significantly associated with better progression-free survival. Tumour thickness was significantly associated with worse progression-free and overall survival, and perineural invasion significantly correlated with reduced melanoma-specific survival and reduced overall survival. Cases were from multiple centres and only a subset of samples was available for molecular testing. CONCLUSIONS KIT mutations and CD117 overexpression are markers of better progression-free survival. In addition to its prognostic value, molecular testing may identify cases that might respond to targeted agents or immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dias-Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - M A Selim
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - Y Su
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Y Peng
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, U.S.A
| | - R Vollmer
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - A Chłopik
- Poznan University Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Tell-Marti
- Department of Dermatology, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, and Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K M Paral
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - S C Shalin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, U.S.A
| | - C R Shea
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - S Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, and Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Fernandez-Figueras
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Biernat
- Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Ryś
- Center of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Marszalek
- Poznan University Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - M P Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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Acral Melanoma in Chinese: A Clinicopathological and Prognostic Study of 142 cases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31432. [PMID: 27545198 PMCID: PMC4992860 DOI: 10.1038/srep31432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM), as a peculiar subgroup of melanoma, is rare in Caucasians but has higher incidence in Asians. Large series of study on AM with clinicopathological features and prognostic factors is still limited, especially in Asian population. We retrospectively collected clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 142 AM cases. All patients were Chinese, with the age ranging from 24 to 87 years (mean 62.0; median 62.0). The Breslow thickness of primary lesions ranged from 0.6 to 16.3 mm (mean 4.9; median 3.7). 85.9% of the patients had acral lentiginous histologic subtype. Plantar was the most frequently involved site, followed by heels. Statistically, duration of the lesion before diagnosis (≤2.5 years), Breslow thickness >4.0 mm (T4), high mitotic index (>15 mm−2), presence of vascular invasion, regional lymph node metastasis at diagnosis and pathologic stage (II/III/IV) were found to be independent prognostic factors in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The prognosis of AM in Chinese is extremely poor. Our 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 53.3% and 27.4%, respectively. Therefore, AM in Asians represents a more biologically aggressive melanoma subtype and is thought to carry a worse prognosis when compared with other races or cutaneous melanomas in other anatomic sites.
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Joubert C, Boissonneau S, Fina F, Figarella-Branger D, Ouafik L, Fuentes S, Dufour H, Gonçalves A, Charaffe-Jauffret E, Metellus P. [Immunohistochemical hormonal mismatch and human epidermal growth factor type 2 [HER2] phenotype of brain metastases in breast cancer carcinoma compared to primary tumors]. Neurochirurgie 2016; 62:151-6. [PMID: 27236733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenotype changes between primary tumor and the corresponding brain metastases are recent reported data. Breast cancer, with biological markers predicting prognosis and guiding therapeutic strategy remains an interesting model to observe and evaluate theses changes. The objective of our study was to compare molecular features (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2, [HER2]) between brain metastases and its primary tumor in patients presenting with pathologically confirmed breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study was based on the immunohistochemical analysis of the brain metastases paraffin embedded samples stored in our institutional tumor bank, after surgical resection. The level of expression of hormonal receptors and HER2 on brain metastases were centrally reviewed and compared to the expression status in primary breast cancer from medical records. RESULTS Forty-four samples of brain metastases were available for analysis. Hormonal receptor modification status was observed in 11/44 brain metastases (25%) for ER and 6/44 (13.6%) for PR. A modification of HER2 overexpression was observed in brain metastases in 6/44 (13.6%). Molecular subtype modification was shown in 17 cases (38.6%). A significant difference was demonstrated between time to develop brain metastases in cases without status modification (HER2, ER and PR) (med=49.5months [7.8-236.4]) and in cases in which brain metastases status differs from primary tumor (med=27.5months [0-197.3]), (P=0.0244, IC95=3.09-51.62, Mann and Whitney test). CONCLUSION the main interest of this study was to focus on the molecular feature changes between primary tumor and their brain metastases. Time to develop brain metastases was correlated to phenotypic changes in brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joubert
- Département de neurochirurgie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - S Boissonneau
- Département de neurochirurgie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - F Fina
- Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de transfert d'oncologie biologique, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - D Figarella-Branger
- Laboratoire de transfert d'oncologie biologique, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, Marseille, France; Département d'anatomie pathologique, Aix-Marseille Université, CHU Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - L Ouafik
- Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de transfert d'oncologie biologique, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - S Fuentes
- Département de neurochirurgie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - H Dufour
- Département de neurochirurgie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - A Gonçalves
- Département d'oncologie moléculaire, centre de lutte contre le cancer, institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - E Charaffe-Jauffret
- Département d'anatomie pathologique, centre de lutte contre le cancer, institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - P Metellus
- Département de neurochirurgie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille cedex 05, France; Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
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Mazurenko NN, Tsyganova IV, Lushnikova AA, Ponkratova DA, Anurova OA, Cheremushkin EA, Mikhailova IN, Demidov LV. The spectrum of oncogene mutations differs among melanoma subtypes. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Kang XJ, Shi XH, Chen WJ, Pu XM, Sun ZZ, Halifu Y, Wu XJ, Yu SR, Liu WX, Liang JQ, Luo D, Ren DY. Analysis ofKITmutations and c-KIT expression in Chinese Uyghur and Han patients with melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:81-7. [PMID: 25917463 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.-J. Kang
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - X.-H. Shi
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Liaocheng; Liaocheng Shandong China
| | - W.-J. Chen
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - X.-M. Pu
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Z.-Z. Sun
- Department of Pathology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Y. Halifu
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - X.-J. Wu
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - S.-R. Yu
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - W.-X. Liu
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - J.-Q. Liang
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - D. Luo
- Department of Dermatology; People's Hospital of Xinjiang; Uyghur Autonomous Region; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - D.-Y. Ren
- Department of Dermatology; Central Hospital of China National Petroleum Corporation; Langfang Hebei China
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Oyama S, Funasaka Y, Watanabe A, Takizawa T, Kawana S, Saeki H. BRAF,KITandNRASmutations and expression of c-KIT, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphorylated AKT in Japanese melanoma patients. J Dermatol 2015; 42:477-84. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Oyama
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics; Graduate School of Medicine; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy; Graduate School of Medicine; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiji Kawana
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
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Marconato L, Zorzan E, Giantin M, Di Palma S, Cancedda S, Dacasto M. Concordance of c-kit mutational status in matched primary and metastatic cutaneous canine mast cell tumors at baseline. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:547-53. [PMID: 24372836 PMCID: PMC4858004 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation analysis of proto‐oncogene c‐kit (c‐kit) is advisable before starting treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in dogs with mast cell tumor (MCT), including those with metastatic disease. Testing is usually performed on primary tumors, assuming that c‐kit mutation status does not change in metastasis. Hypothesis/Objectives To give an insight into the mutational processes and to make a recommendation on the use of c‐kit mutational analysis in the clinical setting. Animals Twenty‐one client‐owned dogs with metastatic MCT. Methods Dogs undergoing resection or biopsy for both primary and matched metastatic MCT were prospectively enrolled. Total RNA or DNA was extracted from primary MCT and corresponding metastases. Exons 8, 9, and 11 were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Genetic features between primary MCT and metastases were compared. Their correlation with clinicopathologic features was investigated. Results Concordance (mutated or wild‐type) of mutational status, evaluable in 21 primary and matched metastatic (20 nodal and 1 splenic) MCTs, was 100%. Three new c‐kit mutations were identified. No significant correlation was detected between c‐kit mutation and clinicopathologic features. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Proto‐oncogene c‐kit mutational status is conserved between any primary and its matched secondary tumor, suggesting that both can be used for c‐kit mutational testing. Targeted therapies might be also used to treat metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
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Valsecchi ME, Sato T. The potential role of sunitinib targeting melanomas. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1473-83. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.837449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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