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Angelico G, Attanasio G, Colarossi L, Colarossi C, Montalbano M, Aiello E, Di Vendra F, Mare M, Orsi N, Memeo L. ARID1A Mutations in Gastric Cancer: A Review with Focus on Clinicopathological Features, Molecular Background and Diagnostic Interpretation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2062. [PMID: 38893181 PMCID: PMC11171396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 1 (ARID1A) is a pivotal gene with a significant role in gastrointestinal tumors which encodes a protein referred to as BAF250a or SMARCF1, an integral component of the SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodeling complex. This complex is instrumental in regulating gene expression by modifying the structure of chromatin to affect the accessibility of DNA. Mutations in ARID1A have been identified in various gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. These mutations have the potential to disrupt normal SWI/SNF complex function, resulting in aberrant gene expression and potentially contributing to the initiation and progression of these malignancies. ARID1A mutations are relatively common in gastric cancer, particularly in specific adenocarcinoma subtypes. Moreover, such mutations are more frequently observed in specific molecular subtypes, such as microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers and those with a diffuse histological subtype. Understanding the presence and implications of ARID1A mutations in GC is of paramount importance for tailoring personalized treatment strategies and assessing prognosis, particularly given their potential in predicting patient response to novel treatment strategies including immunotherapy, poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angelico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Giulio Attanasio
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (C.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (C.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Matteo Montalbano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (C.C.); (E.A.)
- PhD Program in Precision Medicine, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aiello
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (C.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Federica Di Vendra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Marzia Mare
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (C.C.); (E.A.)
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Yamashita H, Nakayama K, Kanno K, Ishibashi T, Ishikawa M, Iida K, Razia S, Kiyono T, Kyo S. Evaluation of ARID1A as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1999. [PMID: 38893118 PMCID: PMC11171230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) has been proposed as a new biomarker for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The predictive value of ARID1A for predicting ICI effectiveness has not been reported for endometrial cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether ARID1A negativity predicts ICI effectiveness for endometrial cancer treatment. METHODS We evaluated ARID1A expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+), and immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1/PD-1) by immunostaining endometrial samples from patients with endometrial cancer. Samples in which any of the four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) were determined to be negative via immunostaining were excluded. In the ARID1A-negative group, microsatellite instability (MSI) status was confirmed via MSI analysis. RESULTS Of the 102 samples investigated, 25 (24.5%) were ARID1A-negative. CD8 and PD-1 expression did not differ significantly between the ARID1A-negative group and the ARID1A-positive group; however, the ARID1A-negative group showed significantly lower PD-L1 expression. Only three samples (14.2%) in the ARID1A-negative group showed high MSI. Sanger sequencing detected three cases of pathological mutation in the MSH2-binding regions. We also established an ARID1A-knockout human ovarian endometriotic epithelial cell line (HMOsisEC7 ARID1A KO), which remained microsatellite-stable after passage. CONCLUSION ARID1A negativity is not suitable as a biomarker for ICI effectiveness in treating endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University East Medical Centre, Nagoya 464-8547, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Kanno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University East Medical Centre, Nagoya 464-8547, Japan;
| | - Masako Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Kouji Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Sultana Razia
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-Related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan;
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.K.); (M.I.); (K.I.)
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Hwang I, Cho Y, Kang SY, Kim DG, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim KM. Comparative analysis of ARID1A mutations with mRNA levels and protein expression in gastric carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155063. [PMID: 38324965 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The ARID1A gene is pivotal in chromatin remodeling and genomic integrity and is frequently mutated in various cancer types. ARID1A mutation is the second most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene and has been suggested as a predictor of immunotherapeutic responsiveness in gastric carcinoma (GC). Despite its significance, the relationship among ARID1A somatic mutations, RNA expression levels, and protein expression remains unclear, particularly in GC. For this purpose, we performed comparative study in two cohorts. Cohort 1 used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify 112 GC cases with ARID1A mutations. These cases were compared with ARID1A immunohistochemistry (IHC) results. Cohort 2 employed microarray gene expression data to assess ARID1A RNA levels and compare them with ARID1A IHC results. In Cohort 1, 38.4% of ARID1A-mutated GC exhibited a complete loss of ARID1A protein when assessed by IHC, whereas the remaining 61.6% displayed intact ARID1A. Discordance between NGS and IHC results was not associated with specific mutation sites, variant classifications, or variant allele frequencies. In Cohort 2, 24.1% of the patients demonstrated a loss of ARID1A protein, and there was no significant difference in mRNA levels between the ARID1A protein-intact and -loss groups. Our study revealed a substantial discrepancy between ARID1A mutations detected using NGS and protein expression assessed using IHC in GC. Moreover, ARID1A mRNA expression levels did not correlate well with protein expression. These findings highlighted the complexity of ARID1A expression in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunjoo Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Lu M, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang P. Role of AT-rich interaction domain 1A in gastric cancer immunotherapy: Preclinical and clinical perspectives. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e18063. [PMID: 38041544 PMCID: PMC10902580 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) using monoclonal antibodies has brought about a profound transformation in the clinical outcomes for patients grappling with advanced gastric cancer (GC). Nonetheless, despite these achievements, the quest for effective functional biomarkers for ICI therapy remains constrained. Recent research endeavours have shed light on the critical involvement of modified epigenetic regulators in the pathogenesis of gastric tumorigenesis, thus providing a glimpse into potential biomarkers. Among these regulatory factors, AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a pivotal constituent of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, has emerged as a promising candidate. Investigations have unveiled the pivotal role of ARID1A in bridging the gap between genome instability and the reconfiguration of the tumour immune microenvironment, culminating in an enhanced response to ICI within the landscape of gastric cancer treatment. This all-encompassing review aims to dissect the potential of ARID1A as a valuable biomarker for immunotherapeutic approaches in gastric cancer, drawing from insights garnered from both preclinical experimentation and clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Mengyao Lu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lu S, Duan R, Cong L, Song Y. The effects of ARID1A mutation in gastric cancer and its significance for treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 38008753 PMCID: PMC10676575 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as a significant issue in public health all worldwide as a result of its high mortality rate and dismal prognosis. AT-rich interactive domain 1 A (ARID1A) is a vital component of the switch/sucrose-non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, and ARID1A mutations occur in various tumors, leading to protein loss and decreased expression; it then affects the tumor biological behavior or prognosis. More significantly, ARID1A mutations will likely be biological markers for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment and selective targeted therapy. To provide theoretical support for future research on the stratification of individuals with gastric cancer with ARID1A as a biomarker to achieve precision therapy, we have focused on the clinical significance, predictive value, underlying mechanisms, and possible treatment strategies for ARID1A mutations in gastric cancer in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruifeng Duan
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Cong
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Song
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Kim JY, Park CK, Noh S, Cheong JH, Noh SH, Kim H. Prognostic Significance of ARID1A Expression Patterns Varies with Molecular Subtype in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Gut Liver 2023; 17:753-765. [PMID: 36789575 PMCID: PMC10502505 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is frequently mutated in gastric cancer (GC), especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated and microsatellite instability high GC. The loss of ARID1A expression has been reported as a poor prognostic marker in GC. However, the relationships between ARID1A alteration and EBV-associated and microsatellite instability high GC, which are known to have a favorable prognosis, has hampered proper evaluation of the prognostic significance of ARID1A expression in GC. We aimed to analyze the true prognostic significance of ARID1A expression by correcting confounding variables. Methods We evaluated the ARID1A expression in a large series (n=1,032) of advanced GC and analyzed the relationships between expression pattern and variable parameters, including clinicopathologic factors, key molecular features such as EBV-positivity, mismatch repair protein deficiency, and expression of p53 and several receptor tyrosine kinases including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. Survival analysis of the molecular subtypes was done according to the ARID1A expression patterns. Results Loss of ARID1A expression was found in 52.5% (53/101) of mutL homolog 1 (MLH1)-deficient and 35.8% (24/67) of EBV-positive GCs, compared with only 9.6% (82/864) of the MLH1-proficient and EBV-negative group (p<0.001). The loss of ARID1A expression was associated only with MLH1 deficiency and EBV positivity. On survival analysis, the loss of ARID1A expression was associated with worse prognosis only in MLH1-proficient and EBV-negative GC. Multivariate analysis revealed that both loss of ARID1A and decreased ARID1A expression were independent worse prognostic factors in patients with advanced GC. Conclusions Only in MLH1-proficient and EBV-negative GC, the loss of ARID1A expression is related to poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Keun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songmi Noh
- Department of Pathology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Hirabayashi M, Georges D, Clifford GM, de Martel C. Estimating the Global Burden of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:922-930.e21. [PMID: 35963539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence suggests that a fraction of new gastric cancer cases may be etiologically associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a known carcinogenic agent. We aimed to systematically explore the proportion of EBV-positive gastric cancer. METHODS We did a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020164473) from January 1990 to August 2021. For each country and geographical region with available data, pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EBV in gastric tumors were calculated for 3 subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma (conventional adenocarcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, and remnant/stump carcinoma). For conventional adenocarcinoma, prevalence ratios (PRs) were presented for sex, Lauren's classification, gastric cancer stage, and anatomical location of the stomach. RESULTS In 220 eligible studies including over 68,000 cases of conventional gastric adenocarcinoma, EBV prevalence in tumor cells was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.9%-8.1%) and was higher in men compared with women (PR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.4), in diffuse type compared with intestinal type (PR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and in the proximal region compared with the distal region (PR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.0-3.1). There was no difference in EBV prevalence by gastric cancer stage. EBV prevalence was 75.9% (95% CI, 62.8%-85.5%) among lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma and 26.3% (95% CI, 22.2%-32.0%) among remnant or stump carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Assuming a causal association between EBV and gastric cancer, our findings, when applied to the GLOBOCAN 2020 gastric cancer incidence, suggest that primary prevention such as the development of an effective EBV vaccine might prevent 81,000 EBV-associated gastric cancer cases worldwide annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Hirabayashi
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Loe AKH, Zhu L, Kim TH. Chromatin and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:22-31. [PMID: 36653445 PMCID: PMC9898530 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. It is a multifactorial disease highly influenced by environmental factors, which include radiation, smoking, diet, and infectious pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic regulators are frequently altered in GC, playing critical roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. While it is known that environmental factors cause widespread alterations in DNA methylation, promoting carcinogenesis, the chromatin- and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing recent discoveries addressing the roles of histone modifiers and noncoding RNAs and the mechanisms of their interactions in gastric tumorigenesis. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation would likely facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific epigenetic regulators in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Lexin Zhu
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Zhang J, Yang ZM, Huang Y, Wang KN, Xie Y, Yang N. LncRNA GAS5 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ovarian clear cell carcinoma via the miR-31-5p/ARID1A axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:940-950. [PMID: 34414664 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of the lncRNA growth arrest special 5 (GAS5) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), we measured the expression of GAS5 and miR-31-5p in OCCC tissue samples and OCCC cell lines using RT-qPCR. MTT and colony formation assays were used to measure cell viability and colony formation ability. Cell invasion was determined by Transwell assays. The binding between GAS5 and miR-31-5p as well as miR-31-5p and ARID1A was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The ARID1A protein levels were detected using western blotting. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for the analysis of the 5-year survival rate of patients with OCCC. GAS5 and ARID1A levels were significantly decreased, while miR-31-5p levels were strongly elevated in the OCCC tissues and cell lines. Patients with lower GAS5/ARID1A levels had shorter overall survival times. Overexpression of GAS5 or inhibition of miR-31-5p suppressed cell viability and invasion of OCCC cells and upregulated the protein levels of ARID1A. Moreover, overexpression of miR-31-5p reversed the effects of overexpression of GAS5. Cotransfection with pcDNA3.1-GAS5 and miR-31-5p inhibitor led to the lowest cell viability and cell invasion rates. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the target relationship between GAS5 and miR-31-5p, as well as between miR-31-5p and ARID1A. LncRNA GAS5 inhibited cell viability and invasion of OCCC through activation of ARID1A by sponging miR-31-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Mei Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ka-Na Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Yoon JY, Brezden-Masley C, Streutker CJ. Autophagic Heterogeneity in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:555614. [PMID: 33859932 PMCID: PMC8042205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.555614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, with various etiologies and with tumors encompassing a spectrum of histologic and molecular subtypes. "Autophagy" includes two related but distinct homeostatic processes that promote cell survival under adverse conditions, namely macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy. There is increasing evidence of the roles autophagy may play in tumorigenesis. Methods Autophagic pathways were examined in the context of the heterogeneity intrinsic to gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, utilizing immunohistochemistry targeting specific proteins within the pathways (p62, LAMP2A, LC3B). We examined whole sections of normal and dysplastic gastric mucosa, as well as a tissue microarray of adenocarcinomas. Results Dysplastic gastric epithelium was marked by frequent nuclear p62 and aberrant LAMP2A expression compared to normal. Examining the pattern of LC3B/cytoplasmic p62 immuno-reactivity in gastric adenocarcinoma demonstrated a predominant pattern of LC3BHigh/p62High staining (56/86, 65.1%), which has been previously associated with active, but impaired macroautophagy. There were no statistically significant associations seen between LC3B/cytoplasmic p62 staining patterns with tumor grade, histotype, or approximated TCGA molecular subtype. LAMP2A and nuclear p62 and staining patterns were also heterogeneous across the cohort, but with no statistically significant associations seen. The prognostic significance of the three proteins was limited, however high nuclear p62 levels were associated with worse overall survival (log-rank p-value = 0.0396). Conclusion Our data demonstrate the dynamic nature of autophagic proteins in the gastric epithelium, and we expand the biological heterogeneity observed in gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma to include autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yoon Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Váraljai R, Horn S, Sucker A, Piercianek D, Schmitt V, Carpinteiro A, Becker KA, Reifenberger J, Roesch A, Felsberg J, Reifenberger G, Sure U, Schadendorf D, Helfrich I. Integrative Genomic Analyses of Patient-Matched Intracranial and Extracranial Metastases Reveal a Novel Brain-Specific Landscape of Genetic Variants in Driver Genes of Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040731. [PMID: 33578810 PMCID: PMC7916600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of brain metastases in advanced melanoma patients is a frequent event that limits patients' quality of life and survival. Despite recent insights into melanoma genetics, systematic analyses of genetic alterations in melanoma brain metastasis formation are lacking. Moreover, whether brain metastases harbor distinct genetic alterations beyond those observed at different anatomic sites of the same patient remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS In our study, 54 intracranial and 18 corresponding extracranial melanoma metastases were analyzed for mutations using targeted next generation sequencing of 29 recurrently mutated driver genes in melanoma. In 11 of 16 paired samples, we detected nucleotide modifications in brain metastases that were absent in matched metastases at extracranial sites. Moreover, we identified novel genetic variants in ARID1A, ARID2, SMARCA4 and BAP1, genes that have not been linked to brain metastases before; albeit most frequent mutations were found in ARID1A, ARID2 and BRAF. Conclusion: Our data provide new insights into the genetic landscape of intracranial melanoma metastases supporting a branched evolution model of metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Váraljai
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (R.V.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (D.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Susanne Horn
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (R.V.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (D.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
- Faculty Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute for Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (R.V.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (D.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Daniela Piercianek
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Schmitt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.C.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.C.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Julia Reifenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (R.V.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (D.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Sure
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (R.V.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (D.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (R.V.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (D.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.); (G.R.); (U.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-1648; Fax: +49-201-723-5525
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12
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Wang R, Chen M, Ye X, Poon K. Role and potential clinical utility of ARID1A in gastrointestinal malignancy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108360. [PMID: 34083049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain 1A) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene, and its encoded product is an important component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. ARID1A plays an important role in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and the regulation of other of biological behaviors. Recently, ARID1A mutations have been increasingly reported in esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and other malignant tumors of the digestive system. This article reviews the relationship between ARID1A mutation and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including microsatellite instability and the PI3K/ATK signaling pathway, and relates these mechanisms to the prognostic assessment of digestive malignancy. Further, this review describes the potential for molecular pathologic epidemiology (MPE) to provide new insights into environment-tumor-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ye
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519085, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Karen Poon
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519085, Guangdong Province, China.
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13
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Nowak KM, Chetty R. SWI/SNF-deficient cancers of the Gastroenteropancreatic tract: an in-depth review of the literature and pathology. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:195-198. [PMID: 33288347 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SWItch Sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex is a large, multi-subunit ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complex that acts as a tumor suppressor by modulating transcription. Mutations of SWI/SNF subunits have been described in relation to developmental disorders, hereditary SWI/SNF deficiency syndromes, as well as malignancies. In this review we summarize the current literature in regards to SWI/SNF-deficient tumors of the luminal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and pancreas. As a group they range from moderately to undifferentiated tumors composed of monotonous anaplastic cells, prominent macronucleoli and a variable rhabdoid cell component. Deficiency of a SWI/SNF subunit is typified by complete loss of nuclear staining by immunohistochemistry for respective subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia M Nowak
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Programme, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Department of Histopathology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton; United Kingdom and Deciphex Ltd, Ireland.
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Yoon JY, Brezden-Masley C, Streutker CJ. Lgr5 and stem/progenitor gene expression in gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma - significance of potentially retained stemness. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:860. [PMID: 32894084 PMCID: PMC7487651 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas are heterogeneous, comprising four molecularly distinct subtypes, namely EBV-positive, microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability (CIN) and genomically stable (GS) subtypes, and a part of this heterogeneity may hypothesized to be different cells-of-origin. Stem/progenitor cell hierarchy in the stomach is complex, which include the Lgr5(+) gastric stem cells (GSCs). Methods While previous studies have focused on non-nuclear Lgr5 expression, nuclear Lgr5 expression has been reported in a subset of stem cells, and we examined nuclear Lgr5 expression in a local cohort of 95 cases of gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. mRNA levels for LGR5 and other stem cell marker genes were examined in the TCGA cohort. Results We observed nuclear Lgr5 expression in a 18/95 cases. Near mutual exclusivity was seen between nuclear Lgr5 and strong non-nuclear Lgr5. Both strong non-nuclear and nuclear Lgr5 expression tended to be seen more frequently with the intestinal histotype and approximated CIN molecular subtype. With respect to overall survival (OS), nuclear Lgr5 expression appears to be protective, with the worst survival being seen in the cases lacking nuclear Lgr5 and with low non-nuclear Lgr5 expression. When compared to other stem/progenitor cell markers, LGR5 mRNA expression clusters with other GSC marker genes, including VIL1. Higher expression of these GSC marker genes was associated with better OS. Conclusions Our results show that Lgr5 expression is dynamic in gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma and heterogeneous across the several disease attributes. We postulate that this may reflect “retained stemness” in the form of Lgr5High-GSC signature that appears to be associated with better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yoon Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Rm 2-099CC, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B-1W8, Canada.
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15
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Sakuratani T, Takeuchi T, Yasufuku I, Iwata Y, Saigo C, Kito Y, Yoshida K. Downregulation of ARID1A in gastric cancer cells: a putative protective molecular mechanism against the Harakiri-mediated apoptosis pathway. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:401-411. [PMID: 32789692 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to unravel the pathobiological role of impaired ARID1A expression in gastric carcinogenesis. We examined ARID1A expression immunohistochemically in 98 gastric cancer tissue specimens with regard to the clinicopathological features. Based on the proportion and intensity of ARID1A immunoreactivity at the cancer invasion front, we subdivided the specimens into low- and high-expression ARID1A groups. Notably, low ARID1A expression was significantly correlated with overall survival of the patients. Subsequently, we determined the molecular signature that distinguished ARID1A low/poor prognosis from ARID1A high/good prognosis gastric cancers. A comprehensive gene profiling analysis followed by immunoblotting revealed that a mitochondrial apoptosis mediator, Harakiri, was less expressed in ARID1A low/poor prognosis than ARID1A high/good prognosis gastric cancers. siRNA-mediated ARID1A downregulation significantly reduced expression of the Harakiri molecule in cultured gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, downregulation of ARID1A conferred resistance to apoptosis induced by the mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor, devimistat. In contrast, enforced Harakiri expression restored sensitivity to devimistat-induced apoptosis in ARID1A downregulated gastric cancer cells. The present findings indicate that impaired ARID1A expression might lead to gastric carcinogenesis, putatively through gaining resistance to the Harakiri-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Sakuratani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Itaru Yasufuku
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chiemi Saigo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Histo- and immunohistochemistry-based estimation of the TCGA and ACRG molecular subtypes for gastric carcinoma and their prognostic significance: A single-institution study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224812. [PMID: 31790410 PMCID: PMC6886787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancers comprise molecularly heterogeneous diseases; four molecular subtypes were identified in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) study, with implications in patient management. In our efforts to devise a clinically feasible means of subtyping, we devised an algorithm based on histology and five stains available in most academic pathology laboratories. This algorithm was used to subtype our cohort of 107 gastric cancer patients from a single institution (St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada), which was divided into 3 cases of EBV-positive, 23 of MSI, 27 of GS and 54 of CIN tumours. 87% of the tumours with diffuse histology were classified as GS subtype, which was notable for younger age. Examining for characteristic molecular features, aberrant p53 immunostaining was seen most frequently in the CIN subtype (43% in CIN vs. 6% in others), whereas ARID1A loss was rarely seen (6% vs. 35% in others). HER2 overexpression was seen exclusively in CIN tumours (17% of CIN tumours). PD-L1 positivity was seen predominantly in the EBV and MSI tumours. As with the TCGA study, no survival differences were seen between the subtypes. A similar strategy was employed to approximate the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) molecular subtyping, with the addition of p53 IHC to the algorithm. We observed rates of ARID1A loss and HER2 overexpression that were comparable to the ACRG study. In summary, our algorithm allowed for clinically feasible means of subtyping gastric carcinoma that recapitulated the key molecular features reported in the large scale studies.
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17
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Wells JP, White J, Stirling PC. R Loops and Their Composite Cancer Connections. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:619-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ünçel M, Diniz G, Aköz G, Ekin ZY, Sayhan S, Yardım S, Salimoğlu S. Loss of Nuclear ARID-1A Expressions Is Associated with Hormone Receptor Status in Breast Cancers. Eur J Breast Health 2019; 15:125-129. [PMID: 31001615 DOI: 10.5152/ejbh.2019.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Adenine thymine-rich interactive domain 1A (ARIDIA) is a tumor suppressor gene involved in chromatin remodeling and it encodes the ARIDIA protein. Recent studies have shown the loss of ARIDIA protein expression in different carcinomas may have a prognostic significance. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the interactions between ARIDIA loss and molecular subtypes of breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods ARIDIA expressions were studied in 292 formalin- fixed, paraffin- embedded breast carcinoma specimens and its association with different pathological and clinical parameters was evaluated. Results Loss of ARIDIA expression was detected in 123 cases. There was no statistically significant association between ARID-1A expression and molecular subtype of breast carcinomas (p=0.110) or HER2 amplification (p=0.909). Contrarily, there was a significant association between ARIDIA expression and presence of estrogen (p=0.047) or progesterone receptors (p=0.023). Besides a statistically significant relationship was found between loss of ARID1A, and the presence of both in situ component (p=0.016) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.001). Conclusion In this study, we have demonstrated that loss of ARID1A expression positively correlates with hormone receptor status as well as tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Ünçel
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülden Diniz
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Aköz
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Yıldırım Ekin
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Sayhan
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Yardım
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Semra Salimoğlu
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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Savas S, Skardasi G. The SWI/SNF complex subunit genes: Their functions, variations, and links to risk and survival outcomes in human cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 123:114-131. [PMID: 29482773 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SWI/SNF is a multiprotein complex essential for regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In this article, we review the function and characteristics of this complex and its subunits in cancer-related phenotypes. We also present and discuss the publically available survival analysis data for TCGA patient cohorts, revealing novel relationships between the expression levels of the SWI/SNF subunit genes and patient survival times in several cancers. Overall, multiple lines of research point to a wide-spread role for the SWI/SNF complex genes in human cancer susceptibility and patient survival times. Examples include the mutations in ARID1A with cancer-driving effects, associations of tumor SWI/SNF gene expression levels and patient survival times, and two BRM promoter region polymorphisms linked to risk or patient outcomes in multiple human cancers. These findings should motivate comprehensive studies in order to fully dissect these relationships and verify the potential clinical utility of the SWI/SNF genes in controlling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Savas
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada; Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Georgia Skardasi
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Chromatin remodeling gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation by targeting PIK3CA and PDK1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46127-46141. [PMID: 27323812 PMCID: PMC5216786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) was frequently mutated in cancers. The modulation mechanism of ARID1A for PI3K/AKT signaling in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. Here, we found that depletion of endogenous ARID1A enhanced the in vitro proliferation, colony formation, cellular growth, nutrient uptake and in vivo xenograft tumor growth of GC cells. PI3K/AKT activation by ARID1A-silencing was profiled using a phospho-protein antibody array. The phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, GSK3β and 70S6K, and the protein and mRNA expressions of PI3K and PDK1, were upregulated by ARID1A-silencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay revealed that ARID1A-involved SWI/SNF complex inhibited PIK3CA and PDK1 transcription by direct binding to their promoters. Serial deletion mutation analyses revealed that the ARID1A central region containing the HIC1-binding domain, but not the ARID DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal domain, was essential for the inhibition of GC cell growth, PI3K/AKT pathway phosphorylation and its transcriptional modulation activity of PIK3CA and PDK1. The proliferation, cellular growth and glucose consumption of ARID1A-deficient GC cells were efficiently prohibited by allosteric inhibitors mk2206 and LY294002, which targeting AKT and PI3K, respectively. Both inhibitors also downregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway in ARID1A-deficient GC cells. Such cells were sensitized to the treatment of LY294002, and AT7867, another inhibitor of AKT and p70S6K. The administration of LY294002 alone inhibited the in vivo growth of ARID1A- deficient GC cells in mouse xenograft model. Our study provides a novel insight into the modulatory function and mechanism of ARID1A in PI3K/AKT signaling in GC.
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Kim YS, Jeong H, Choi JW, Oh HE, Lee JH. Unique characteristics of ARID1A mutation and protein level in gastric and colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:268-274. [PMID: 28937020 PMCID: PMC5625362 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_184_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Recently, AT-rich interactive domain-containing 1A protein (ARID1A) has been identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinicopathologic value of ARID1A mutation or protein level in GC and CRC patients is controversial. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between ARID1A aberrations and clinicopathologic parameters in GC and CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant published studies were selected from PubMed and EMBASE. The effect sizes of ARID1A mutation or level on the patient's clinicopathologic parameters were calculated by prevalence rate or odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR), respectively. The effect sizes were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS The frequency of ARID1A mutation and loss of ARID1A protein expression in GC patients was 17% and 27%, respectively. The loss of ARID1A protein expression of GC patients was significantly associated with advanced tumor depth (OR = 1.8, P = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.4, P = 0.001), and unfavorable adjusted overall survival (HR = 1.5, P < 0.001). ARID1A mutation of GC was significantly associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) (OR = 24.5, P < 0.001) and EBV infection (OR = 2.6, P = 0.001). The frequency of ARID1A mutation and ARID1A protein expression loss in CRC patients was approximately 12-13%. Interestingly, the loss of ARID1A protein expression in CRC patients was significantly associated with poorly differentiated grade (OR = 4.0, P < 0.001) and advanced tumor depth (OR = 1.8, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis revealed that ARID1A alterations may be involved in the carcinogenesis of GC by EBV infection and MSI. The loss of ARID1A protein expression may be a marker of poor prognosis in GC and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ju-Han Lee, Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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Luchini C, Veronese N, Solmi M, Cho H, Kim JH, Chou A, Gill AJ, Faraj SF, Chaux A, Netto GJ, Nakayama K, Kyo S, Lee SY, Kim DW, Yousef GM, Scorilas A, Nelson GS, Köbel M, Kalloger SE, Schaeffer DF, Yan HB, Liu F, Yokoyama Y, Zhang X, Pang D, Lichner Z, Sergi G, Manzato E, Capelli P, Wood LD, Scarpa A, Correll CU. Prognostic role and implications of mutation status of tumor suppressor gene ARID1A in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39088-97. [PMID: 26384299 PMCID: PMC4770758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) has been demonstrated in several cancers, but its prognostic role is unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk associated with loss of ARID1A (ARID1A−) for all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence of disease in subjects with cancer. PubMed and SCOPUS search from database inception until 01/31/2015 without language restriction was conducted, contacting authors for unpublished data. Eligible were prospective studies reporting data on prognostic parameters in subjects with cancer, comparing participants with presence of ARID1A (ARID1A+) vs. ARID1A−, assessed either via immunohistochemistry (loss of expression) or with genetic testing (presence of mutation). Data were summarized using risk ratios (RR) for number of deaths/recurrences and hazard ratios (HR) for time-dependent risk related to ARID1A− adjusted for potential confounders. Of 136 hits, 25 studies with 5,651 participants (28 cohorts; ARID1A−: n = 1,701; ARID1A+: n = 3,950), with a mean follow-up period of 4.7 ± 1.8 years, were meta-analyzed. Compared to ARID1A+, ARID1A− significantly increased cancer-specific mortality (studies = 3; RR = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–2.00, I2 = 31%). Using HRs adjusted for potential confounders, ARID1A− was associated with a greater risk of cancer-specific mortality (studies = 2; HR = 2.55, 95%CI = 1.19–5.45, I2 = 19%) and cancer recurrence (studies = 10; HR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.22–3.05, I2 = 76%). On the basis of these results, we have demonstrated that loss of ARID1A shortened time to cancer-specific mortality, and to recurrence of cancer when adjusting for potential confounders. For its role, this gene should be considered as an important potential target for personalized medicine in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luchini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Angela Chou
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St. Leonards, Australia.,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre St. Leonards, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, SYDPATH St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St. Leonards, Australia.,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre St. Leonards, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila F Faraj
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregg S Nelson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve E Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hai-Bo Yan
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoshihito Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York, USA.,Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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23
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Ibarrola-Villava M, Llorca-Cardeñosa MJ, Tarazona N, Mongort C, Fleitas T, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Roselló S, Navarro S, Ribas G, Cervantes A. Deregulation of ARID1A, CDH1, cMET and PIK3CA and target-related microRNA expression in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26935-45. [PMID: 26334097 PMCID: PMC4694964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations play an important role in gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis. Aberrations of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling pathway are well described. However, emerging genes have been described such as, the chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A. Our aim was to determine the expression levels of four GC-related genes, ARID1A, CDH1, cMET and PIK3CA, and 14 target-related microRNAs (miRNAs). We compared mRNA and miRNA expression levels among 66 gastric tumor and normal adjacent mucosa samples using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Moreover, ARID1A, cMET and PIK3CA protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Finally, gene and miRNAs associations with clinical characteristics and outcome were also evaluated. An increased cMET and PIK3CA mRNA expression was found in 78.0% (P = 2.20 × 10−5) and 73.8% (P = 1.00 × 10−3) of the tumors, respectively. Moreover, IHC revealed that cMET and PIK3CA expression was positive in 63.6% and 87.8% of the tumors, respectively. Six miRNAs had significantly different expression between paired-samples, finding five up-regulated [miR-223-3p (P = 1.65 × 10−6), miR-19a-3p (P = 1.23 × 10−4), miR-128-3p (P = 3.49 × 10−4), miR-130b-3p (P = 1.00 × 10−3) and miR-34a-5p (P = 4.00 × 10−3)] and one down-regulated [miR-124-3p (P = 0.03)]. Our data suggest that cMET, PIK3CA and target-related miRNAs play an important role in GC and may serve as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Ibarrola-Villava
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta J Llorca-Cardeñosa
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Tarazona
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mongort
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tania Fleitas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Alejandro Perez-Fidalgo
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Roselló
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Yang L, Wei S, Zhao R, Wu Y, Qiu H, Xiong H. Loss of ARID1A expression predicts poor survival prognosis in gastric cancer: a systematic meta-analysis from 14 studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28919. [PMID: 27354232 PMCID: PMC4926214 DOI: 10.1038/srep28919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling gene, AT-rich interactive domain 1A gene (ARID1A), frequently mutates inactively in gastric cancer (GC). However, its prognostic value remains controversial. To address this issue, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed. Studies published until March 2016 were systematically searched. A total of 15 cohorts from 14 literatures involving 3183 patients were subjected to this meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that ARID1A expression loss predicted poor overall survival (OS) in GC (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.40-1.81; P < 0.001), with low heterogeneity among these studies (I(2) = 21.5%; P = 0.214). Stratification analyses revealed that ARID1A expression loss was associated with poor OS in Asians (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.44-1.89), proportion of proximal disease ≤30% subgroup (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.36-2.38) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (+) > 5% subgroup (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.18-2.15). The robust results were suggested by sensitivity analyses and no evidence of significant publication bias was detected. This study demonstrated a significant relationship between deletion of ARID1A expression and poor OS in GC. Moreover, ethnicity, tumor location and EBV infection status might be potential key factors influencing this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Rongxian Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yingxing Wu
- Carilion Clinic, 1906 Belleview Ave SE, Roanoke, Virginia 24014, USA
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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25
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Loss of ARID1A Expression is Related to Gastric Cancer Progression, Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, and Mismatch Repair Deficiency. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:320-5. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Kim YB, Ham IH, Hur H, Lee D. Various ARID1A expression patterns and their clinical significance in gastric cancers. Hum Pathol 2016; 49:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Gounaris I, Brenton JD. Molecular pathogenesis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1389-405. [PMID: 25952785 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is a distinct subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, characterized by an association with endometriosis, glycogen accumulation and resistance to chemotherapy. Key driver events, including ARID1A mutations and HNF1B overexpression, have been recently identified and their functional characterization is ongoing. Additionally, the role of glycogen in promoting the malignant phenotype is coming under scrutiny. Appreciation of the notion that ovarian clear cell carcinoma is essentially an ectopic uterine cancer will hopefully lead to improved animal models of the disease, in turn paving the way for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gounaris
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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28
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Cho HD, Lee JE, Jung HY, Oh MH, Lee JH, Jang SH, Kim KJ, Han SW, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Bae SB, Lee HJ. Loss of Tumor Suppressor ARID1A Protein Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18:339-46. [PMID: 26770240 PMCID: PMC4705085 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2015.18.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic mutations of the chromatin remodeling AT-rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like) gene (ARID1A) have been identified in many human cancers, including breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nuclear expression of ARID1A in breast cancers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to correlate the findings to clinicopathologic variables including prognostic significance. METHODS IHC was performed on tissue microarrays of 476 cases of breast cancer. Associations between ARID1A expression and clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular subtype were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Low expression of ARID1A was found in 339 of 476 (71.2%) cases. Low expression of ARID1A significantly correlated with positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.027), advanced pathologic stage (p=0.001), low Ki-67 labeling index (p=0.003), and negative p53 expression (p=0.017). The ARID1A low expression group had significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival than the ARID1A high expression group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that low expression of ARID1A was a significant independent predictive factor for poor disease-free and overall survival in patients with breast cancer (disease-free survival: hazard ratio, 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.73, p=0.004; overall survival: hazard ratio, 0.11, 95% CI, 0.03-0.46, p=0.003). In patients with luminal A type disease, patients with low ARID1A expression had significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival rates than patients with high ARID1A expression (p=0.022 and p=0.018, respectively). CONCLUSION Low expression of ARID1A is an independent prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients and may be associated with luminal A type disease. Although the biologic function of ARID1A in breast cancer remains unknown, low expression of ARID1A can provide valuable prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Deuk Cho
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hae Yoen Jung
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mee-Hye Oh
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Si-Hyong Jang
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Han
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Han Jo Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang Byung Bae
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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29
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Takeda T, Banno K, Okawa R, Yanokura M, Iijima M, Irie-Kunitomi H, Nakamura K, Iida M, Adachi M, Umene K, Nogami Y, Masuda K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Aoki D. ARID1A gene mutation in ovarian and endometrial cancers (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 35:607-13. [PMID: 26572704 PMCID: PMC4689482 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A gene (ARID1A) encodes ARID1A, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Mutation of ARID1A induces changes in expression of multiple genes (CDKN1A, SMAD3, MLH1 and PIK3IP1) via chromatin remodeling dysfunction, contributes to carcinogenesis, and has been shown to cause transformation of cells in association with the PI3K/AKT pathway. Information on ARID1A has emerged from comprehensive genome-wide analyses with next-generation sequencers. ARID1A mutations have been found in various types of cancer and occur at high frequency in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, including clear cell adenocarcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and also occur at endometrial cancer especially in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It has also been suggested that ARID1A mutation occurs at the early stage of canceration from endometriosis to endometriosis-associated carcinoma in ovarian cancer and also from atypical endo-metrial hyperplasia to endometrioid adenocarcinoma in endometrial cancer. Therefore, development of a screening method that can detect mutations of ARID1A and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway might enable early diagnosis of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers and endometrial cancers. Important results may also emerge from a current clinical trial examining a multidrug regimen of temsirolimus, a small molecule inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, for treatment of advanced ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma with ARID1A mutation and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Also administration of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit cancer proliferation with PIK3CA mutation and resistance to mTOR inhibitors and GSK126, a molecular-targeted drug can inhibit proliferation of ARID1A-mutated ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma cells by targeting and inhibiting EZH2. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of chromatin remodeling dysregulation initiated by ARID1A mutation, to develop methods for early diagnosis, to investigate new cancer therapy targeting ARID1A, and to examine the involvement of ARID1A mutations in development, survival and progression of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Okawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Moito Iijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Haruko Irie-Kunitomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Umene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160‑8582, Japan
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30
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Sun Q, Zhu T, Wang CY, Ma D. Binding of human SWI1 ARID domain to DNA without sequence specificity: A molecular dynamics study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26223912 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SWI1 is a member of a new class of tumor DNA-binding proteins named as the AT-rich interaction domain family (ARID), and considered to bind with AT base pairs specifically. Genomic and functional data support ARID1A as a tumor suppressor because ARID1A/BAF250a (SWI1) subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex has emerged as recurrently mutated in a broad array of tumor types. But the crystal structure of SWI1 has not been solved as yet. Using docking and molecular dynamics, we predicted the DNA interaction pattern of human SWI1 ARID and made comparisons with the other two representative ARID family members, human Mrf-2 ARID and Drosophila Dri ARID. Dynamic results revealed that the N-terminal and loop L1 of SWI1 ARID bound with the DNA major groove, while the loop L2 and helix H6 bound with the minor groove. Moreover, it was found that SWI1 ARID bound with DNA apparently in a sequence-nonspecific manner. It was concluded that SWI1 ARID can form stable complex with sequence-nonspecific DNA segment comparing to Mrf-2 ARID/DNA and Dri ARID/DNA sequence-specific complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chang-Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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31
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Marquez SB, Thompson KW, Lu L, Reisman D. Beyond Mutations: Additional Mechanisms and Implications of SWI/SNF Complex Inactivation. Front Oncol 2015; 4:372. [PMID: 25774356 PMCID: PMC4343012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED SWI/SNF is a major regulator of gene expression. Its role is to facilitate the shifting and exposure of DNA segments within the promoter and other key domains to transcription factors and other essential cellular proteins. This complex interacts with a wide range of proteins and does not function within a single, specific pathway; thus, it is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, including DNA repair, differentiation, development, cell adhesion, and growth control. Given SWI/SNF's prominent role in these processes, many of which are important for blocking cancer development, it is not surprising that the SWI/SNF complex is targeted during cancer initiation and progression both by mutations and by non-mutational mechanisms. Currently, the understanding of the types of alterations, their frequency, and their impact on the SWI/SNF subunits is an area of intense research that has been bolstered by a recent cadre of NextGen sequencing studies. These studies have revealed mutations in SWI/SNF subunits, indicating that this complex is thus important for cancer development. The purpose of this review is to put into perspective the role of mutations versus other mechanisms in the silencing of SWI/SNF subunits, in particular, BRG1 and BRM. In addition, this review explores the recent development of synthetic lethality and how it applies to this complex, as well as how BRM polymorphisms are becoming recognized as potential clinical biomarkers for cancer risk. SIGNIFICANCE Recent reviews have detailed the occurrence of mutations in nearly all SWI/SNF subunits, which indicates that this complex is an important target for cancer. However, when the frequency of mutations in a given tumor type is compared to the frequency of subunit loss, it becomes clear that other non-mutational mechanisms must play a role in the inactivation of SWI/SNF subunits. Such data indicate that epigenetic mechanisms that are known to regulate BRM may also be involved in the loss of expression of other SWI/SNF subunits. This is important since epigenetically silenced genes are inducible, and thus, the reversal of the silencing of these non-mutationally suppressed subunits may be a viable mode of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Marquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Kenneth W Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Inada R, Sekine S, Taniguchi H, Tsuda H, Katai H, Fujiwara T, Kushima R. ARID1A expression in gastric adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathological significance and correlation with DNA mismatch repair status. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2159-2168. [PMID: 25717252 PMCID: PMC4326154 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the mismatch repair (MMR) status and the ARID1A expression as well as their clinicopathological significance in gastric adenocarcinomas.
METHODS: We examined the expressions of MMR proteins and ARID1A by immunohistochemistry in consecutive 489 primary gastric adenocarcinomas. The results were further correlated with clinicopathological variables.
RESULTS: The loss of any MMR protein expression, indicative of MMR deficiency, was observed in 38 cases (7.8%) and was significantly associated with an older age (68.6 ± 9.2 vs 60.4 ± 11.7, P < 0.001), a female sex (55.3% vs 31.3%, P = 0.004), an antral location (44.7% vs 25.7%, P = 0.021), and a differentiated histology (57.9% vs 39.7%, P = 0.023). Abnormal ARID1A expression, including reduced or loss of ARID1A expression, was observed in 109 cases (22.3%) and was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion (80.7% vs 69.5%, P = 0.022) and lymph node metastasis (83.5% vs 73.7%, P = 0.042). The tumors with abnormal ARID1A expression more frequently indicated MMR deficiency (47.4% vs 20.2%, P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis identified abnormal ARID1A expression as an independent poor prognostic factor (HR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.84; P = 0.040).
CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that the AIRD1A inactivation is associated with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, poor prognosis, and MMR deficiency in gastric adenocarcinomas.
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Kim MJ, Gu MJ, Chang HK, Yu E. Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with poor prognosis in small intestinal carcinoma. Histopathology 2015; 66:508-16. [PMID: 25400081 DOI: 10.1111/his.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) and p53 expression in small intestinal carcinoma (SIC) and to determine its prognostic significance. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining for ARID1A and p53 was performed in 178 SICs using a tissue microarray (TMA). Loss of or low ARID1A expression was observed in 36 (20.2%) and 60 (33.7%) of cases, respectively. Aberrant p53 expression was observed in 99 (55.6%) cases. Loss of or low ARID1A expression was found to be associated with signet ring cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, a high-grade tumour, and a higher T stage. No relationship was found between aberrant p53 expression and clinicopathological factors or overall survival. Patients with loss of ARID1A expression, irrespective of p53 expressional status, showed significantly poorer overall survival than those expressing ARID1A. Multiple regression analysis revealed that grade and pT stage were associated significantly with ARID1A loss, and multivariate analysis showed that patients with high ARID1A expression had a lower risk of death than those with loss of ARID1A expression. CONCLUSIONS Low or loss of ARID1A expression is correlated significantly with a high-grade tumour, higher T stage, and poorer overall survival. These findings suggest that ARID1A expression could be used as a prognostic marker in SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Lee SY, Kim DW, Lee HS, Ihn MH, Oh HK, Park DJ, Kim HH, Kang SB. Loss of AT-rich interactive domain 1A expression in gastrointestinal malignancies. Oncology 2014; 88:234-40. [PMID: 25503393 DOI: 10.1159/000369140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) has recently been identified as a novel tumor suppressor in various tumor types. This study was designed to explore the clinical relevance and prognostic impact of ARID1A expression loss in colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry for ARID1A was performed using tissue microarray blocks containing 196 CRCs and 275 GCs, along with paired normal mucosa. Data on clinicopathologic variables and oncologic outcomes of patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS We identified 6.1% (12/196) CRC and 8.0% (22/275) GC cases showing loss of ARID1A expression. Expression of ARID1A in paired mucosal epithelial cells was normal in all patients. Loss of ARID1A expression was significantly correlated with negative lymphatic invasion (p = 0.003) in CRC, with large tumor size (p = 0.037) in GC, and with expanding tumor border in both tumor types (CRC, p = 0.010; GC, p = 0.031). However, no association was evident between ARID1A expression and 5-year overall survival in both tumor types. CONCLUSIONS Loss of ARID1A expression is uncommon and not associated with oncologic outcome but may be related to less invasive clinicopathologic features in CRC and GC. Further studies with a larger number of subjects are needed to establish the possible prognostic impact of ARID1A expression loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
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