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Sartini S, Omholt L, Moatamed NA, Soragni A. Mutant p53 Misfolding and Aggregation Precedes Transformation into High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.17.612958. [PMID: 39345467 PMCID: PMC11430093 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.612958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HG-SOC), the most prevalent and aggressive gynecological malignancy, is marked by ubiquitous loss of functional p53, largely due to point mutations that arise very early in carcinogenesis. These mutations often lead to p53 protein misfolding and subsequent aggregation, yet the alterations in intracellular p53 dynamics throughout ovarian cancer progression remain poorly understood. HG-SOC originates from the fallopian tube epithelium, with a well-documented stepwise progression beginning with early pre-malignant p53 signatures. These signatures represent largely normal cells that express and accumulate mutant p53, which then transform into benign serous tubal intraepithelial lesions (STIL), progress into late pre-malignant serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), and ultimately lead to HGSOC. Here, we show that the transition from folded, soluble to aggregated mutant p53 occurs during the malignant transformation of benign precursor lesions into HGSOC. We analyzed fallopian tube tissue collected from ten salpingo-oophorectomy cases and determined the proportion of cells carrying soluble versus mis-folded/mutant p53 through conformation-sensitive staining and quantification. Misfolded p53 protein, prone to aggregation, is present in STICs and HG-SOCs, but notably absent from preneoplastic lesions and surrounding healthy tissue. Overall, our results indicate that aggregation of mutant p53 is a structural defect that distinguishes preneoplastic early lesions from late premalignant and malignant ones, offering a potential treatment window for targeting p53 aggregation and halting ovarian cancer progression.
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Salvi A, Hardy LR, Heath KN, Watry S, Pergande MR, Cologna SM, Burdette JE. PAX8 modulates the tumor microenvironment of high grade serous ovarian cancer through changes in the secretome. Neoplasia 2022; 36:100866. [PMID: 36586182 PMCID: PMC9816987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) arises from the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), and in some cases, the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). PAX8 is a commonly used biomarker for HGSC and is expressed in ∼90% of HGSC. Although the OSE does not express PAX8, murine models of HGSC derived from the OSE acquire PAX8, suggesting that it is not only a marker of Müllerian origin, but also an essential part of cancer progression, potentially from both the OSE and FTE. Previously, we have shown that PAX8 loss in HGSC cells causes tumor cell death and reduces cell migration and invasion. Herein, secretome analysis was performed in PAX8 deleted cells and we identified a reduction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, collagen and fibronectin. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence in PAX8 deleted HGSC cells further validated the results from the secretome analysis. PAX8 loss reduced the amount of secreted TGFbeta, a cytokine that plays a crucial role in remodelling the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, PAX8 loss reduced the integrity of 3D spheroids and caused a reduction of ECM proteins fibronectin and collagen in 3D cultures. Due to the ubiquitous nature of PAX8 in HGSC, regardless of cell origin, and the association of its reduced expression with decreasing tumor burden, a PAX8 inhibitor could be a promising drug target against various types of HGSC. To accomplish this, we generated a murine oviductal epithelial (MOE) cell line stably expressing PAX8 promoter-luciferase. Using this cell line, we performed a screening assay with a library of FDA-approved drugs (Prestwick Library) and quantitatively assessed these compounds for their inhibition of PAX8. We identified two hits: losartan and captropril, both inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin pathway that inhibit PAX8 expression and function. Overall, this study validates PAX8 as a regulator of ECM deposition in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Salvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Laura R. Hardy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kimberly N. Heath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Samantha Watry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Melissa R. Pergande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA,Corresponding author.
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Park KJ, Broach V, Chi DS, Linkov I, Stanczyk FZ, Patel P, Jotwani A, Pearce CL, Pike MC, Kauff ND. Proliferation of the Fallopian Tube Fimbriae and Cortical Inclusion Cysts: Effects of the Menstrual Cycle and the Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Contraceptive System. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1823-1829. [PMID: 35700017 PMCID: PMC9444882 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were (i) to explore whether differences in cell proliferation may help explain why most high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) arise in the fallopian tube fimbriae (FTF) rather than in ovarian cortical inclusion cysts (CIC); (ii) to compare premenopausal and postmenopausal FTF proliferation as a reason why the age incidence of HGSOC increases at a slower rate after menopause; and (iii) to compare FTF proliferation in cycling women and women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive system (Lng-IUS) to see whether proliferation on the Lng-IUS was lower. METHODS We studied 60 women undergoing a salpingo-oophorectomy. We used Ki67, paired-box gene 8 (PAX8, Müllerian marker), and calretinin (mesothelial marker) to study FTF and CIC proliferation. RESULTS FTF Ki67%+ was greater in the follicular than in the luteal phase (4.9% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.003); postmenopausal Ki67%+ was 1.7%. Ki67%+ in PAX8 negative (PAX8-) CICs was extremely low. Proliferation in PAX8+ CICs did not vary by menstrual phase or menopausal status. Follicular Ki67%+ was 2.6-fold higher in FTF than PAX8+ CICs. FTF Ki67%+ from 10 women using the Lng-IUS was not lower than in cycling women. CONCLUSIONS Overall FTF Ki67%+ is greater than overall CIC Ki67%+. Overall FTF Ki67%+ in postmenopausal women is lower than in premenopausal women. The Lng-IUS is not associated with lower FTF Ki67%+. IMPACT Ki67%+ provides an explanation of the preponderance of FTF-derived HGSOCs, and of the slower increase of HGSOCs after menopause. The Lng-IUS may not be associated with a protective effect against HGSOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay J. Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vance Broach
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dennis S. Chi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Irina Linkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Frank Z Stanczyk
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prusha Patel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anjali Jotwani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Noah D. Kauff
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, New York, New York
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4
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Kakun RR, Melamed Z, Perets R. PAX8 in the Junction between Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137410. [PMID: 35806410 PMCID: PMC9266416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal processes of embryonic development and abnormal transformation to cancer have many parallels, and in fact many aberrant cancer cell capabilities are embryonic traits restored in a distorted, unorganized way. Some of these capabilities are cell autonomous, such as proliferation and resisting apoptosis, while others involve a complex interplay with other cells that drives significant changes in neighboring cells. The correlation between embryonic development and cancer is driven by shared proteins. Some embryonic proteins disappear after embryogenesis in adult differentiated cells and are restored in cancer, while others are retained in adult cells, acquiring new functions upon transformation to cancer. Many embryonic factors embraced by cancer cells are transcription factors; some are master regulators that play a major role in determining cell fate. The paired box (PAX) domain family of developmental transcription factors includes nine members involved in differentiation of various organs. All paired box domain proteins are involved in different cancer types carrying pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic roles. This review focuses on PAX8, a master regulator of transcription in embryonic development of the thyroid, kidney, and male and female genital tracts. We detail the role of PAX8 in each of these organ systems, describe its role during development and in the adult if known, and highlight its pro-tumorigenic role in cancers that emerge from PAX8 expressing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reli Rachel Kakun
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Zohar Melamed
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Ruth Perets
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Han L, Wei X, Liu C, Volpe G, Zhuang Z, Zou X, Wang Z, Pan T, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Fan P, Guo P, Lai Y, Lei Y, Liu X, Yu F, Shangguan S, Lai G, Deng Q, Liu Y, Wu L, Shi Q, Yu H, Huang Y, Cheng M, Xu J, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xie D, Yang Y, Yu Y, Zheng H, Wei Y, Huang F, Lei J, Huang W, Zhu Z, Lu H, Wang B, Wei X, Chen F, Yang T, Du W, Chen J, Xu S, An J, Ward C, Wang Z, Pei Z, Wong CW, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu M, Qin B, Schambach A, Isern J, Feng L, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu Z, Sun Q, Maxwell PH, Barker N, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Gu Y, Mulder J, Uhlen M, Tan T, Liu S, Yang H, Wang J, Hou Y, Xu X, Esteban MA, Liu L. Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis. Nature 2022; 604:723-731. [PMID: 35418686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell-cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Pan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lai
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chunqing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wei
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fubaoqian Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Waidong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengzhen Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibo Xu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan An
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Carl Ward
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongren Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, USA
| | - Joan Isern
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), ICREA and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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6
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Chapel DB, Hirsch MS. SOX6 Expression Is Sensitive for Peritoneal Epithelioid Malignant Mesothelioma, But Not Specific in the Differential Diagnosis With Tubo-ovarian Serous Neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:213-219. [PMID: 34411029 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (MM) can demonstrate morphologic overlap with low-grade and high-grade tubo-ovarian serous neoplasms; it is also biologically and prognostically distinct from benign mesothelial proliferations. Currently, there is no single biomarker that can definitively distinguish these neoplasms. Sex-determining region Y box 6 (SOX6) immunohistochemistry has been recently described to differentiate pleural epithelioid MM from lung adenocarcinoma, but it has not been evaluated in the peritoneum. SOX6 immunohistochemistry was performed on 43 peritoneal epithelioid MM, 7 peritoneal biphasic MM, 5 well-differentiated papillary mesotheliomas, 5 serous borderline tumors, 29 low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), 20 high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs), and 25 cases of peritoneal reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. Quantitative SOX6 expression in epithelioid MM (median, 100% of tumor cells) was significantly greater than in LGSC/serous borderline tumor (median, 90%; P=0.004) and HGSC (median, 45%; P=0.0001). However, when SOX6 is expression is defined as ≥10% of tumor cells, there was no significant difference in the rate of SOX6 positivity between epithelioid MM (41/43, 95%), LGSC (28/29, 97%; P=1.0), and HGSC (17/20, 85%; P=0.16). Quantitative extent of SOX6 expression in epithelioid MM was significantly greater than in biphasic MM (median, 0%; P=0.0001), well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (median, 20%; P=0.001), and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (median, 20%; P=0.0001), but not significantly different from flat quiescent mesothelium (median, 90%; P=0.82). SOX6 immunohistochemistry is 95% sensitive for peritoneal epithelioid MM, but is also consistently expressed in LGSC and HGSC, negating its usefulness in this common differential diagnosis. SOX6 also shows variable expression across the spectrum of reactive, benign neoplastic, and malignant mesothelial lesions of the peritoneum, and does not appear to be diagnostically useful in distinguishing benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Cell Proliferation
- Databases, Factual
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Epithelioid Cells/chemistry
- Epithelioid Cells/pathology
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/chemistry
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mesothelioma, Malignant/chemistry
- Mesothelioma, Malignant/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/classification
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- SOXD Transcription Factors/analysis
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Chapel
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, University of Michigan - Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Women's and Perinatal Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Are histomorphologic changes in the fimbrial ends more to blame for primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas than initially thought? MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1056169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Multi-Marker Immunofluorescent Staining and PD-L1 Detection on Circulating Tumour Cells from Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246225. [PMID: 34944844 PMCID: PMC8699768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have the potential to serve as a rich source of information for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. To fully exploit this minimally invasive diagnostic resource requires techniques that aid in enriching heterogenous populations of CTCs and markers to efficiently characterise these cells as tumour derived. In the present study we eva-luated the microfluidic enrichment of CTCs and a multi-marker staining methodology for the identification of heterogeneous CTCs in ovarian cancer (OC) patients and evaluation of PD-L1 expression. We showed, for the first time, the existence of hybrid CTCs with an epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype and their association with PD-L1 in OC. Incorporation of this method in future clinical trials can help predict immunotherapy responsiveness in OC patients. Abstract Detection of ovarian cancer (OC) circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is primarily based on targeting epithelial markers, thus failing to detect mesenchymal tumour cells. More importantly, the immune checkpoint inhibitor marker PD-L1 has not been demonstrated on CTCs from OC patients. An antibody staining protocol was developed and tested using SKOV-3 and OVCA432 OC cell lines. We targeted epithelial (cytokeratin (CK) and EpCAM), mesenchymal (vimentin), and OC-specific (PAX8) markers for detection of CTCs, and CD45/16 and CD31 were used for the exclusion of white blood and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. PD-L1 was used for CTC characterisation. CTCs were enriched using the Parsortix™ system from 16 OC patients. Results revealed the presence of CTCs in 10 (63%) cases. CTCs were heterogeneous, with 113/157 (72%) cells positive for CK/EpCAM (epithelial marker), 58/157 (37%) positive for vimentin (mesenchymal marker), and 17/157 (11%) for both (hybrid). PAX8 was only found in 11/157 (7%) CTCs. In addition, 62/157 (39%) CTCs were positive for PD-L1. Positivity for PD-L1 was significantly associated with the hybrid phenotype when compared with the epithelial (p = 0.007) and mesenchymal (p = 0.0009) expressing CTCs. Characterisation of CTC phenotypes in relation to clinical outcomes is needed to provide insight into the role that epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity plays in OC and its relationship with PD-L1.
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9
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Yamulla RJ, Nalubola S, Flesken-Nikitin A, Nikitin AY, Schimenti JC. Most Commonly Mutated Genes in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Are Nonessential for Ovarian Surface Epithelial Stem Cell Transformation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108086. [PMID: 32877668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths of women in the United States. Disease-associated mutations have been identified by the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. However, aside from mutations in TP53 or the RB1 pathway that are common in HGSOC, the contributions of mutation combinations are unclear. Here, we report CRISPR mutagenesis of 20 putative HGSOC driver genes to identify combinatorial disruptions of genes that transform either ovarian surface epithelium stem cells (OSE-SCs) or non-stem cells (OSE-NSs). Our results support the OSE-SC theory of HGSOC initiation and suggest that most commonly mutated genes in HGSOC have no effect on OSE-SC transformation initiation. Our results indicate that disruption of TP53 and PTEN, combined with RB1 disruption, constitutes a core set of mutations driving efficient transformation in vitro. The combined data may contribute to more accurate modeling of HGSOC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Joseph Yamulla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shreya Nalubola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Andrea Flesken-Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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10
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Manasa P, Sidhanth C, Krishnapriya S, Vasudevan S, Ganesan TS. Oncogenes in high grade serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:122-136. [PMID: 33488950 PMCID: PMC7805537 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by relatively few mutations occurring at low frequency, except in TP53. However other genetic aberrations such as copy number variation alter numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are positive regulators of tumorigenesis and play a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that they are crucial for the development and the progression of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Though many oncogenes have been identified, no successful inhibitors targeting these molecules and their associated pathways are available. This review discusses oncogenes that have been identified recently in HGSOC using different screening strategies. All the genes discussed in this review have been functionally characterized both in vitro and in vivo and some of them are able to transform immortalized ovarian surface epithelial and fallopian tube cells upon overexpression. However, it is necessary to delineate the molecular pathways affected by these oncogenes for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacharla Manasa
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Syama Krishnapriya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Sekar Vasudevan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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11
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Xiang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhang J. Characterization and Localization of Calb2 in Both the Testis and Ovary of the Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091503. [PMID: 32858799 PMCID: PMC7552167 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Calretinin (CALB2), which is a Ca2+-binding protein, plays a known pivotal role in the neural system in vertebrates. The role of CALB2 in mammalian gonads has been gradually recognized; however, little information on the function of CALB2 in fish gonads has been reported. Therefore, we firstly identified the calb2 gene in Paralichthys olivaceus (P. olivaceus), and then investigated its tissue distribution and localization in the gonads by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The P. olivaceus calb2 mRNA was relatively highly expressed in both the testis and ovary. The CALB2 protein is located in Leydig cells of the testis and ovarian germ epithelial cells in P. olivaceus. This study provides a basis for further explorations on the function and regulation mechanism of calb2 in fish gonads. Abstract Although its function in mammalian gonads has been gradually recognized, the expression and function of calretinin (CALB2)—a Ca2+-binding protein—in the testis and ovary of fish are still unclear. Here, we identified the cDNA sequences of calb2 in Paralichthys olivaceus (P. olivaceus); analyzed its gene structure and phylogenetic and syntenic relationship by bioinformatics; and investigated its tissue distribution and localization in the gonads by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The P. olivaceuscalb2 gene has 11 exons and 10 introns, and the full-length cDNA is 1457 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 816 bp encoding 271 amino acids. The CALB2 of P. olivaceus has a higher homology with Lates calcarifer (99%) compared with other species. The conserved synteny of calb2 neighboring gene loci was also detected in fish. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of calb2 mRNA is abundant not only in the brain, but also in the gonads, and exhibits a higher expression in the testis than in the ovary. Western blotting indicated that the CALB2 protein has a higher expression in the testis compared with the ovary. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the CALB2 protein appears in Leydig cells and the ovarian germ epithelium. These results reveal that calb2 plays an important role in the gonads of P. olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yahui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jikui Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai); Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-6190-0753 (J.W.); +86-6190-0437 (J.Z.)
| | - Junling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-6190-0753 (J.W.); +86-6190-0437 (J.Z.)
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12
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Lõhmussaar K, Kopper O, Korving J, Begthel H, Vreuls CPH, van Es JH, Clevers H. Assessing the origin of high-grade serous ovarian cancer using CRISPR-modification of mouse organoids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2660. [PMID: 32461556 PMCID: PMC7253462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC)—often referred to as a “silent killer”—is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The fallopian tube (murine oviduct) and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) are considered the main candidate tissues of origin of this cancer. However, the relative contribution of each tissue to HG-SOC is not yet clear. Here, we establish organoid-based tumor progression models of HG-SOC from murine oviductal and OSE tissues. We use CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce mutations into genes commonly found mutated in HG-SOC, such as Trp53, Brca1, Nf1 and Pten. Our results support the dual origin hypothesis of HG-SOC, as we demonstrate that both epithelia can give rise to ovarian tumors with high-grade pathology. However, the mutated oviductal organoids expand much faster in vitro and more readily form malignant tumors upon transplantation. Furthermore, in vitro drug testing reveals distinct lineage-dependent sensitivities to the common drugs used to treat HG-SOC in patients. The relative contribution of fallopian tube (FT) or ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) to high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) development is unclear. Here, the authors establish organoid models from murine oviductal and OSE tissues that allow cancer modeling via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and report a dual origin of murine HG-SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadi Lõhmussaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oded Kopper
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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A Study of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Origins Implicates the SOX18 Transcription Factor in Tumor Development. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3726-3735.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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Gusev A, Lawrenson K, Lin X, Lyra PC, Kar S, Vavra KC, Segato F, Fonseca MA, Lee JM, Pejovic T, Liu G, Karlan BY, Freedman ML, Noushmehr H, Monteiro AN, Pharoah PD, Pasaniuc B, Gayther SA. A transcriptome-wide association study of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer identifies new susceptibility genes and splice variants. Nat Genet 2019; 51:815-823. [PMID: 31043753 PMCID: PMC6548545 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify susceptibility genes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) by performing a transcriptome-wide association study of gene expression and splice junction usage in HGSOC-relevant tissue types (N = 2,169) and the largest genome-wide association study available for HGSOC (N = 13,037 cases and 40,941 controls). We identified 25 transcriptome-wide association study significant genes, 7 at the junction level only, including LRRC46 at 19q21.32, (P = 1 × 10-9), CHMP4C at 8q21 (P = 2 × 10-11) and a PRC1 junction at 15q26 (P = 7 × 10-9). In vitro assays for CHMP4C showed that the associated variant induces allele-specific exon inclusion (P = 0.0024). Functional screens in HGSOC cell lines found evidence of essentiality for three of the new genes we identified: HAUS6, KANSL1 and PRC1, with the latter comparable to MYC. Our study implicates at least one target gene for 6 out of 13 distinct genome-wide association study regions, identifying 23 new candidate susceptibility genes for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xianzhi Lin
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paulo C. Lyra
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin C. Vavra
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Segato
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos A.S. Fonseca
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet M Lee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanya Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 290W, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alvaro N. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Salazar C, Campbell IG, Gorringe KL. When Is "Type I" Ovarian Cancer Not "Type I"? Indications of an Out-Dated Dichotomy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:654. [PMID: 30627526 PMCID: PMC6309131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dualistic classification of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) into “type I” and “type II” is widely applied in the research setting; it is used as a convenient way of conceptualizing different mechanisms of tumorigenesis. However, this classification conflicts with recent molecular insights of the etiology of EOC. Molecular and cell of origin studies indicate that while type II tumors could be classed together, type I tumors are not homogenous, even within the histological types, and can have poor clinical outcomes. Type II high grade serous carcinoma and type I low grade serous carcinomas best fit the description of the dualistic model, with different precursors, and distinct molecular profiles. However, endometriosis-associated cancers should be considered a separate group, without assuming an indolent course or type I genetic profiles. Furthermore, the very clear differences between mucinous ovarian carcinomas and other type I tumors, including an uncertain origin, and heterogeneous mutational spectrum and clinical behavior, indicate a non-type I classification for this entity. The impression that only type II carcinomas are aggressive, have poor prognosis, and carry TP53 mutations is an unhelpful misinterpretation of the dualistic classification. In this review, we revisit the history of EOC classification, and discuss the misunderstanding of the dualistic model by comparing the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of EOC types. We also emphasize that all EOC research, both basic and clinical, should consider the subtypes as different diseases beyond the type I/type II model, and base novel therapies on the molecular characteristics of each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salazar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Hardy LR, Salvi A, Burdette JE. UnPAXing the Divergent Roles of PAX2 and PAX8 in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080262. [PMID: 30096791 PMCID: PMC6115736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer is a deadly disease that can originate from the fallopian tube or the ovarian surface epithelium. The PAX (paired box) genes PAX2 and PAX8 are lineage-specific transcription factors required during development of the fallopian tube but not in the development of the ovary. PAX2 expression is lost early in serous cancer progression, while PAX8 is expressed ubiquitously. These proteins are implicated in migration, invasion, proliferation, cell survival, stem cell maintenance, and tumor growth. Hence, targeting PAX2 and PAX8 represents a promising drug strategy that could inhibit these pro-tumorigenic effects. In this review, we examine the implications of PAX2 and PAX8 expression in the cell of origin of serous cancer and their potential efficacy as drug targets by summarizing their role in the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Hardy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Amrita Salvi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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17
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Park KJ, Patel P, Linkov I, Jotwani A, Kauff N, Pike MC. Observations on the origin of ovarian cortical inclusion cysts in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathology 2018; 72:766-776. [PMID: 29197096 DOI: 10.1111/his.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence suggests that up to 70% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) arise potentially from fallopian tube fimbriae, and that many of the remaining cases arise from within the ovary in cortical inclusion cysts (CICs) with a Müllerian phenotype (Müllerian-CICs). It has been proposed that Müllerian-CICs arise either from metaplasia of mesothelial ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) entrapped within the ovary after ovulation or from normal tubal cells entrapped postovulation. However, this proposal is controversial. We therefore conducted a study of CICs in women, most of them BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy at our institution from 2000 to 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS We used immunohistochemistry for PAX8, a Müllerian marker, and calretinin, a mesothelial marker to classify CIC cells. In 499 CICs from 59 women, 72.3% were positive for PAX8 (PAX8+ ): ≥10% of CIC cells positive; 43.5% positive for calretinin (calretinin+ ). The proportion of PAX8+ CICs increased from 62.9% in premenopausal to 80.5% in postmenopausal patients. The proportion of calretinin+ CICs decreased from 52.6% to 35.6%, respectively. There was significant overlap of PAX8 and calretinin positivity: 82 (16.4%) CICs were PAX8+ /calretinin+ ; 43 (40.2%) of these 82 demonstrated PAX8+ /calretinin+ in the same cells. CONCLUSIONS These results, and the increased ratio of PAX8+ to calretinin+ CICs from premenopausal to postmenopausal, show that many PAX8+ CICs probably arise from metaplasia of OSE-derived CICs. The proportion of PAX+ /calretinin- CICs arising from OSE-derived CICs is unclear, but our results strongly support the proposal that many Müllerian-CICs arise from OSE via metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay J Park
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prusha Patel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Linkov
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjali Jotwani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah Kauff
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Rodgers LH, Ó hAinmhire E, Young AN, Burdette JE. Loss of PAX8 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer reduces cell survival despite unique modes of action in the fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelium. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32785-95. [PMID: 27129161 PMCID: PMC5078051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer. PAX8 is a transcription factor expressed in fallopian tube epithelial cells and in 80–96% of HGSC tumors. The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) only acquires PAX8 expression after malignant transformation. In this study, forced PAX8 expression in OSE cells increased proliferation and migration through upregulation of EMT factors such as N-cadherin and Fibronectin. OSE cells expressing PAX8 also had an increase in the FOXM1 pathway, but PAX8 alone was not sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. PAX8 knockdown in the oviductal epithelium cells did not decrease expression of the FOXM1 pathway and induced only a slight decrease in cell proliferation. No changes in migration, cell cycle, or apoptosis were detected after PAX8 knockdown in oviductal cells. Finally, PAX8 knockdown in HGSC cell lines resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased FOXM1 levels. The results presented here suggest that PAX8 has a cell specific role in governing proliferation and migration in nontransformed ovarian surface epithelium cells compared to the oviductal cells, but its reduction in serous cancer cell lines provides a common mechanism for reducing cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Rodgers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eoghainín Ó hAinmhire
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandria N Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
PAX8 is a lineage-restricted transcription factor that is expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) precursor tissues, and in the major EOC histotypes. Frequent overexpression of PAX8 in primary EOCs suggests this factor functions as an oncogene during tumorigenesis, however, the biological role of PAX8 in EOC development is poorly understood. We found that stable knockdown of PAX8 in EOC models significantly reduced cell proliferation and anchorage dependent growth in vitro, and attenuated tumorigenicity in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and transcriptional profiling were used to create genome-wide maps of PAX8 binding and putative target genes. PAX8 binding sites were significantly enriched in promoter regions (p < 0.05) and superenhancers (p < 0.05). MEME-ChIP analysis revealed that PAX8 binding sites overlapping superenhancers or enhancers, but not promoters, were enriched for JUND/B and ARNT/AHR motifs. Integrating PAX8 ChIP-seq and gene expression data identified PAX8 target genes through their associations within shared topological association domains. Across two EOC models we identified 62 direct regulatory targets based on PAX8 binding in promoters and 1,330 putative enhancer regulatory targets. SEPW1, which is involved in oxidation-reduction, was identified as a PAX8 target gene in both cell line models. While the PAX8 cistrome exhibits a high degree of cell-type specificity, analyses of PAX8 target genes and putative cofactors identified common molecular targets and partners as candidate therapeutic targets for EOC.
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PAX8 Expression in a Subset of Malignant Peritoneal Mesotheliomas and Benign Mesothelium has Diagnostic Implications in the Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Serous Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1675-1682. [PMID: 28877056 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) from serous carcinoma involving the peritoneum remains a diagnostic challenge, particularly in small biopsy and cytology specimens. In this distinction, PAX8 expression has been regarded as a specific marker of serous carcinoma. In addition, BAP1 loss is reportedly specific to MPM, in the distinction from both benign mesothelial lesions and ovarian serous tumors (OSTs). Using immunohistochemistry, we examined PAX8 and BAP1 expression in 27 MPMs, 25 cases of benign mesothelium, and 45 OSTs. Five MPMs were PAX8 (5/27, 18%), while 8 cases of benign mesothelium expressed PAX8 (8/25, 32%). PAX8 expression in mesothelium was significantly more common in women than in men (P=0.01). Sixteen MPMs exhibited BAP1 loss (16/25, 64%), while BAP1 was retained in all benign mesothelium and all OSTs. All cases of PAX8 mesothelium were negative for expression of estrogen receptor. These data show that PAX8 is expressed in both benign and malignant mesothelium, and that BAP1 loss is highly specific for MPM, in the differential with both benign mesothelial proliferations and OTSs. These results also have implications for primary diagnosis and for pathologic staging of OST. Caution should be applied when PAX8 expression is used to distinguish mesothelial and serous proliferations, and BAP1 loss may be confirmatory in cases where mesothelioma is favored.
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Hao D, Li J, Jia S, Meng Y, Zhang C, Wang L, Di LJ. Integrated Analysis Reveals Tubal- and Ovarian-Originated Serous Ovarian Cancer and Predicts Differential Therapeutic Responses. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7400-7411. [PMID: 28939742 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The relative importance of fallopian tube (FT) compared with ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) in the genesis of serous type of ovarian cancer (SOC) is still unsettled. Here, we followed an integrated approach to study the tissue origin of SOC, as well as its association with clinical outcome and response to therapeutic drugs.Experimental Design: A collection of transcriptome data of 80 FTs, 89 OSEs, and 2,668 SOCs was systematically analyzed to determine the characteristic of FT-like and OSE-like tumors. A molecular signature was developed for identifying tissue origin of SOC and then was used to reevaluate the prognostic genes and therapeutic biomarkers of SOC of different tissue origins. IHC staining of tissue array and functional experiments on a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines were used to further validate the key findings.Results: The expression patterns of tissue-specific genes, prognostic genes, and molecular markers all support a dualistic tissue origin of SOC, from either FT or OSE. A molecular signature was established to identify the tissue identity of SOCs. Surprisingly, the signature showed a strong association with overall survival (OSE-like vs. FT-like, HR = 4.16; 95% CI, 2.67-6.48; P < 10-9). The pharmacogenomic approach revealed AXL to be a therapeutic target of the aggressive OSE-derived SOC.Conclusions: SOC has two subtypes originated from either FT or OSE, which show different clinical and pathologic features. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7400-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Hao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Li Wang
- Metabolomics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Li-Jun Di
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Kobayashi H, Iwai K, Niiro E, Morioka S, Yamada Y, Ogawa K, Kawahara N. The conceptual advances of carcinogenic sequence model in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:209-213. [PMID: 28811894 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the current status of molecular pathology in high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) and preneoplastic conditions. This article reviews the English-language literature on HGSC, precursor, fallopian tubal epithelium, secretory cells, ciliated cells, secretory cell expansion, secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT), p53 signature, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), DNA damage and immunohistochemistry in an effort to identify the precursor-carcinoma sequence in HGSC. The majority of HGSC originates from the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, while the small part of this disease may develop from ovarian cortical inclusion cyst (CIC). A series of morphological changes from normal fallopian epithelium to preneoplastic to neoplastic lesions were concomitant with the multistep accumulation of molecular and genetic alterations. Recent studies provide a stepwise progression of fallopian tubal epithelium to precursor lesions to carcinoma, with the aid of a 'secretory cell-SCE-SCOUT-p53 signature-STIC-HGSC sequence' model. Immunohistochemical markers, including p53, STMN1, EZH2, CCNE1, Ki67 and γ-H2AX, were gradually increased during the SCOUT-p53 signature-STIC-HGSC sequence. Conversely, PAX2 expression was decreased during the early phase of SCOUT development. Potential genes and proteins are involved in the evolutionary trajectory of the precursor-cancer lineage model. In the present review we examined detailed aspects of the molecular changes involved in malignant transformation from fallopian tube epithelium to HGSC. A precursor condition originating in 'field cancerization' may gain a growth advantage, leading to HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kana Iwai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Emiko Niiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sachiko Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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23
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Kar SP, Adler E, Tyrer J, Hazelett D, Anton-Culver H, Bandera EV, Beckmann MW, Berchuck A, Bogdanova N, Brinton L, Butzow R, Campbell I, Carty K, Chang-Claude J, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Doherty JA, Dörk T, Dürst M, Eccles D, Fasching PA, Flanagan J, Gentry-Maharaj A, Glasspool R, Goode EL, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Huntsman DG, Jensen A, Karlan BY, Kelemen LE, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Levine DA, Li Q, Lissowska J, Lu KH, Lubiński J, Massuger LFAG, McGuire V, McNeish I, Menon U, Modugno F, Monteiro AN, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Nevanlinna H, Paul J, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Permuth JB, Phelan C, Pike MC, Poole EM, Ramus SJ, Risch HA, Rossing MA, Salvesen HB, Schildkraut JM, Sellers TA, Sherman M, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Song H, Southey M, Terry KL, Tworoger SS, Walsh C, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wu AH, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Freedman ML, Gayther SA, Pharoah PDP, Lawrenson K. Enrichment of putative PAX8 target genes at serous epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility loci. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:524-535. [PMID: 28103614 PMCID: PMC5318969 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 18 loci associated with serous ovarian cancer (SOC) susceptibility but the biological mechanisms driving these findings remain poorly characterised. Germline cancer risk loci may be enriched for target genes of transcription factors (TFs) critical to somatic tumorigenesis. METHODS All 615 TF-target sets from the Molecular Signatures Database were evaluated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and three GWAS for SOC risk: discovery (2196 cases/4396 controls), replication (7035 cases/21 693 controls; independent from discovery), and combined (9627 cases/30 845 controls; including additional individuals). RESULTS The PAX8-target gene set was ranked 1/615 in the discovery (PGSEA<0.001; FDR=0.21), 7/615 in the replication (PGSEA=0.004; FDR=0.37), and 1/615 in the combined (PGSEA<0.001; FDR=0.21) studies. Adding other genes reported to interact with PAX8 in the literature to the PAX8-target set and applying an alternative to GSEA, interval enrichment, further confirmed this association (P=0.006). Fifteen of the 157 genes from this expanded PAX8 pathway were near eight loci associated with SOC risk at P<10-5 (including six with P<5 × 10-8). The pathway was also associated with differential gene expression after shRNA-mediated silencing of PAX8 in HeyA8 (PGSEA=0.025) and IGROV1 (PGSEA=0.004) SOC cells and several PAX8 targets near SOC risk loci demonstrated in vitro transcriptomic perturbation. CONCLUSIONS Putative PAX8 target genes are enriched for common SOC risk variants. This finding from our agnostic evaluation is of particular interest given that PAX8 is well-established as a specific marker for the cell of origin of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha P Kar
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Emily Adler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Dennis Hazelett
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Director of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, UCI Center for Cancer Genetics Research & Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen Carty
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Jennifer Anne Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine—at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena-University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07737, Germany
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James Flanagan
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | | | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI 55905, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-001, Poland
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen 45136, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 65199, Germany
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - David G Huntsman
- British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, Vancouver General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29435, USA
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-001, Poland
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy—Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - James Paul
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Catherine Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen 5058, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5058, Norway
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy—Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy—Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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24
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Reid BM, Permuth JB, Chen YA, Teer JK, Monteiro AN, Chen Z, Tyrer J, Berchuck A, Chenevix-Trench G, Doherty JA, Goode EL, Iverson ES, Lawrenson K, Pearce CL, Pharoah PD, Phelan CM, Ramus SJ, Rossing MA, Schildkraut JM, Cheng JQ, Gayther SA, Sellers TA. Integration of Population-Level Genotype Data with Functional Annotation Reveals Over-Representation of Long Noncoding RNAs at Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Loci. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:116-125. [PMID: 28035019 PMCID: PMC5312656 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility, but further progress requires integration of epidemiology and biology to illuminate true risk loci below genome-wide significance levels (P < 5 × 10-8). Most risk SNPs lie within non-protein-encoding regions, and we hypothesize that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes are enriched at EOC risk regions and represent biologically relevant functional targets. METHODS Using imputed GWAS data from about 18,000 invasive EOC cases and 34,000 controls of European ancestry, the GENCODE (v19) lncRNA database was used to annotate SNPs from 13,442 lncRNAs for permutation-based enrichment analysis. Tumor expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis was performed for sub-genome-wide regions (1 × 10-5 > P > 5 × 10-8) overlapping lncRNAs. RESULTS Of 5,294 EOC-associated SNPs (P < 1.0 × 10-5), 1,464 (28%) mapped within 53 unique lncRNAs and an additional 3,484 (66%) SNPs were correlated (r2 > 0.2) with SNPs within 115 lncRNAs. EOC-associated SNPs comprised 130 independent regions, of which 72 (55%) overlapped with lncRNAs, representing a significant enrichment (P = 5.0 × 10-4) that was more pronounced among a subset of 5,401 lncRNAs with active epigenetic regulation in normal ovarian tissue. EOC-associated lncRNAs and their putative promoters and transcription factors were enriched for biologically relevant pathways and eQTL analysis identified five novel putative risk regions with allele-specific effects on lncRNA gene expression. CONCLUSIONS lncRNAs are significantly enriched at EOC risk regions, suggesting a mechanistic role for lncRNAs in driving predisposition to EOC. IMPACT lncRNAs represent key candidates for integrative epidemiologic and functional studies. Further research on their biologic role in ovarian cancer is indicated. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 116-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Reid
- Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Y. Ann Chen
- Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan J. Ramus
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Jin Q. Cheng
- Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Comparative transcriptome analysis links distinct peritoneal tumor spread types, miliary and non-miliary, with putative origin, tubes and ovaries, in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:158-166. [PMID: 27940126 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by extensive local, i.e. peritoneal, tumor spread, manifested in two different clinical presentations, miliary (many millet sized peritoneal implants) and non-miliary (few large exophytically growing peritoneal nodes), and an overall unfavorable outcome. HGSOC is thought to arise from fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, via so called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) but an ovarian origin was never ruled out for at least some cases. Comparative transcriptome analyses of isolated tumor cells from fresh HGSOC tissues and (immortalized) ovarian surface epithelial and fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell lines revealed a close relation between putative origin and tumor spread characteristic, i.e. miliary from tubes and non-miliary from ovaries. The latter were characterized by more mesenchymal cell characteristics, more adaptive tumor immune infiltration, and a favorable overall survival. Several molecular sub-classification systems (Crijns' overall survival signature, Yoshihara's subclasses, and a collagen-remodeling signature) seem to already indicate origin. Putative origin alone is a significant independent predictor for HGSOC outcome, validated in independent patient cohorts. Characteristics of both spread types could guide development of new targeted therapeutics, which are urgently needed.
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Kurman RJ, Shih IM. The Dualistic Model of Ovarian Carcinogenesis: Revisited, Revised, and Expanded. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:733-47. [PMID: 27012190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since our proposal of a dualistic model of epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis more than a decade ago, a large number of molecular and histopathologic studies were published that have provided important insights into the origin and molecular pathogenesis of this disease. This has required that the original model be revised and expanded to incorporate these findings. The new model divides type I tumors into three groups: i) endometriosis-related tumors that include endometrioid, clear cell, and seromucinous carcinomas; ii) low-grade serous carcinomas; and iii) mucinous carcinomas and malignant Brenner tumors. As in the previous model, type II tumors are composed, for the most part, of high-grade serous carcinomas that can be further subdivided into morphologic and molecular subtypes. Type I tumors develop from benign extraovarian lesions that implant on the ovary and which can subsequently undergo malignant transformation, whereas many type II carcinomas develop from intraepithelial carcinomas in the fallopian tube and, as a result, disseminate as carcinomas that involve the ovary and extraovarian sites, which probably accounts for their clinically aggressive behavior. The new molecular genetic data, especially those derived from next-generation sequencing, further underline the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer and identify actionable mutations. The dualistic model highlights these differences between type I and type II tumors which, it can be argued, describe entirely different groups of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Kurman
- Departments of Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Lin X, Wu BB, Xing YQ, Wang DS, Li J. PAX8, auseful biomarker for ovarianserous tumors. Hum Pathol 2016; 51:146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Kurman RJ, Shih IM. The Dualistic Model of Ovarian Carcinogenesis: Revisited, Revised, and Expanded. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27012190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.011] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since our proposal of a dualistic model of epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis more than a decade ago, a large number of molecular and histopathologic studies were published that have provided important insights into the origin and molecular pathogenesis of this disease. This has required that the original model be revised and expanded to incorporate these findings. The new model divides type I tumors into three groups: i) endometriosis-related tumors that include endometrioid, clear cell, and seromucinous carcinomas; ii) low-grade serous carcinomas; and iii) mucinous carcinomas and malignant Brenner tumors. As in the previous model, type II tumors are composed, for the most part, of high-grade serous carcinomas that can be further subdivided into morphologic and molecular subtypes. Type I tumors develop from benign extraovarian lesions that implant on the ovary and which can subsequently undergo malignant transformation, whereas many type II carcinomas develop from intraepithelial carcinomas in the fallopian tube and, as a result, disseminate as carcinomas that involve the ovary and extraovarian sites, which probably accounts for their clinically aggressive behavior. The new molecular genetic data, especially those derived from next-generation sequencing, further underline the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer and identify actionable mutations. The dualistic model highlights these differences between type I and type II tumors which, it can be argued, describe entirely different groups of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Kurman
- Departments of Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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29
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Kurman RJ, Shih IM. The Dualistic Model of Ovarian Carcinogenesis: Revisited, Revised, and Expanded. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27012190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.011]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since our proposal of a dualistic model of epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis more than a decade ago, a large number of molecular and histopathologic studies were published that have provided important insights into the origin and molecular pathogenesis of this disease. This has required that the original model be revised and expanded to incorporate these findings. The new model divides type I tumors into three groups: i) endometriosis-related tumors that include endometrioid, clear cell, and seromucinous carcinomas; ii) low-grade serous carcinomas; and iii) mucinous carcinomas and malignant Brenner tumors. As in the previous model, type II tumors are composed, for the most part, of high-grade serous carcinomas that can be further subdivided into morphologic and molecular subtypes. Type I tumors develop from benign extraovarian lesions that implant on the ovary and which can subsequently undergo malignant transformation, whereas many type II carcinomas develop from intraepithelial carcinomas in the fallopian tube and, as a result, disseminate as carcinomas that involve the ovary and extraovarian sites, which probably accounts for their clinically aggressive behavior. The new molecular genetic data, especially those derived from next-generation sequencing, further underline the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer and identify actionable mutations. The dualistic model highlights these differences between type I and type II tumors which, it can be argued, describe entirely different groups of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Kurman
- Departments of Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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