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Supramaniam P, Junus S, Hashim L, Chiew SC, Devesahayam PR. Lost years, mortality burden: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on premature death due to road traffic accidents in a northern state in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1520. [PMID: 38844906 PMCID: PMC11155150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study addresses the persistent global burden of road traffic fatalities, particularly in middle-income countries like Malaysia, by exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Road Traffic Accident (RTA) fatalities in Perak state, Malaysia, with a secondary focus on applying Years of Life Lost (YLL) to understand the implications of these premature deaths. METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed certified RTA fatalities from 2018 to 2021, individually counting fatalities in accidents and excluding cases with incomplete death profiles. Data were collected from all Forensic Departments in the government hospitals in Perak. RTA fatalities were confirmed by medical officers/physicians following established procedures during routine procedures. A total of 2517 fatal accident and victim profiles were transcribed into data collection form after reviewing death registration records and post-mortem reports. Inferential analyses were used for comparison between pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic. The standard expected YLL was calculated by comparing the age of death to the external standard life expectancy curve taking into consideration of age and gender in Malaysia. RESULTS This study included 2207 (87.7%) of the RTA fatalities in Perak State. The analysis revealed a decreasing trend in RTA deaths from 2018 to 2021, with a remarkable Annual Percent Change (APC) of -25.1% in 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic year in 2019 and remained stable with lower APC in 2021. Comparison between pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic years (2020-2021) revealed a difference in the fatality distribution with a median age rise during the pandemic (37.7 (IQR: 22.96, 58.08) vs. 41.0 (IQR: 25.08, 61.00), p = 0.002). Vehicle profiles remained consistent, yet changes were observed in the involvement of various road users, where more motorcycle riders and pedestrian were killed during pandemic (p = 0.049). During pandemic, there was a decline in vehicle collisions, but slight increase of the non-collision accidents and incidents involving pedestrians/animals (p = 0.015). A shift in accident from noon till midnight were also notable during the pandemic (p = 0.028). YLL revealed differences by age and gender, indicating a higher YLL for females aged 30-34 during the pandemic. CONCLUSION The decline in RTA fatalities during COVID-19 pandemic underscores the influence of pandemic-induced restrictions and reduced traffic. However, demographic shifts, increased accident severity due to risky behaviors and gender-specific impacts on YLL, stress the necessity for improved safety interventions amidst evolving dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premaa Supramaniam
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC) Building, Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia.
| | - Suria Junus
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC) Building, Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Lina Hashim
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC) Building, Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Shoen Chuen Chiew
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Seri Manjung, Ministry of Health, Seri Manjung, Perak, 32040, Malaysia
| | - Philip Rajan Devesahayam
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC) Building, Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
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Pulido J, Barrio G, Donat M, Politi J, Moreno A, Cea-Soriano L, Guerras JM, Huertas L, Mateo-Urdiales A, Ronda E, Martínez D, Lostao L, Belza MJ, Regidor E. Excess Mortality During 2020 in Spain: The Most Affected Population, Age, and Educational Group by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e27. [PMID: 38372080 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to study mortality increase in Spain during the first and second academic semesters of 2020, coinciding with the first 2 waves of the Covid-19 pandemic; by sex, age, and education. METHODS An observational study was carried out, using linked populations and deaths' data from 2017 to 2020. The mortality rates from all causes and leading causes other than Covid-19 during each semester of 2020, compared to the 2017-2019 averages for the same semester, was also estimated. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and differences were used for comparison. RESULTS All-cause mortality rates increased in 2020 compared to pre-covid, except among working-age, (25-64 years) highly-educated women. Such increases were larger in lower-educated people between the working age range, in both 2020 semesters, but not at other ages. In the elderly, the MMR in the first semester in women and men were respectively, 1.14, and 1.25 among lower-educated people, and 1.28 and 1.23 among highly-educated people. In the second semester, the MMR were 1.12 in both sexes among lower-educated people and 1.13 in women and 1.16 in men among highly-educated people. CONCLUSION Lower-educated people within working age and highly-educated people at older ages showed the greatest increase in all-cause mortality in 2020, compared to the pre-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pulido
- Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Barrio
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Donat
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julieta Politi
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Moreno
- Department of Sociology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Spain
| | - Lucía Cea-Soriano
- Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Guerras
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Huertas
- Instituto Valenciano de Estadística, Valencia, Spain
- National Epidemiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ronda
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Martínez
- Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Lostao
- Department of Sociology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Spain
| | - María José Belza
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Pirayesh Z, Riahi SM, Bidokhti A, Kazemi T. Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population-an ecological study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1259202. [PMID: 37927873 PMCID: PMC10620308 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1259202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic resulted in excess mortality and changed the trends of causes of death worldwide. In this study, we investigate the all-cause and cause-specific deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) compared to the baseline (2018-2020), considering age groups, gender, place of residence, and place of death in south Khorasan, east of Iran. Methods The present ecological study was conducted using South Khorasan Province death certificate data during 2018-2022. The number of death and all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates (per 100,000 people) were calculated and compared based on age groups, place of residence, place of death, and gender before (2018-2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). We also calculated total and cause-specific years of life lost (YLL) to death and gender-specific life expectancy at birth. Results A total of 7,766 deaths occurred from March 21, 2018, to March 20, 2020 (pre-pandemic) and 9,984 deaths from March 21, 2020, to March 20, 2022 (pandemic). The mean age at death increased by about 2 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate was significantly increased in the age groups 20 years and older. The most excess deaths were recorded in men, Aged more than 60 years, death at home, and the rural population. Mortality due to COVID-19 accounted for nearly 17% of deaths. The highest increase in mortality rate was observed due to endocrine and Cardiovascular diseases. Mortality rates due to the genitourinary system and Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period have decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The major causes of death during the pandemic were Cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, accidents, and endocrine diseases in both sexes, in rural and urban areas. Years of life lost (YLL) increased by nearly 15.0%, which was mostly due to COVID-19, life expectancy at birth has steadily declined from 2018 to202 for both genders (from 78.4 to 75). Conclusion In this study, we found that All-cause mortality increased by 25.5% during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in men, older adult, Rural residents, and those who died at home (outside the hospital). Considering that the most common causes of death during the COVID-19 pandemic are also non-communicable diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to non-communicable diseases even during the pandemic of a serious infectious disease like COVID-19. The years of life lost also increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is necessary to pay attention to all age groups, especially the causes of death in young people. In most developing countries, the first cause of death of these groups is accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pirayesh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Riahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Bidokhti
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Toba Kazemi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Hernández V, Fuentes CM. Risk exposure factors influencing the frequency of road crashes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. A negative binomial spatial regression model. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2023; 30:362-374. [PMID: 36927303 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2188469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The article aims to investigate the influence of risk exposure factors on the frequency of road crashes from January to August 2020 in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. It is a longitudinal study with four data sets: road crashes, population and housing census, location of economic activities, and road network information. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship between exposure factors - demographics, main roads and land use - and road crashes. A mixed method analysis was employed, (1) spatial analysis using GIS techniques; and (2) a negative binomial spatial regression model. The results showed a strong spatial dependence (0.274; p-value 0.00) of road crashes in the census tracts, and this effect was statistically significant (0.007) in the spatial regression model. In the model, a high probability (<0.05) of road crashes in the census tracts was found with the population aged 15 to 65 years, the length of main roads and the level of road coverage (Engel index), land uses with economic activities of an industrial and commercial character. The findings of this study successfully capture the social, economic, and urban conditions during the January-August 2020 period in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This new knowledge could help create preventive plans and policies to address the frequency of road crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Hernández
- Architecture Department, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - César M Fuentes
- Urban and Environmental Studies Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
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Soltani A, Azmoodeh M, Roohani Qadikolaei M. Road crashes in Adelaide metropolitan region, the consequences of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2023; 30:101581. [PMID: 36778534 PMCID: PMC9894777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Many countries instituted lockdown rules as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, however, the effects of COVID-19 on transportation safety vary widely across countries and regions. In several situations, it has been shown that although the COVID-19 closure has decreased average traffic flow, it has also led to an increase in speeding, which will indeed increase the severity of crashes and the number of fatalities and serious injuries. Methods At the local level, Generalized linear Mixed (GLM) modelling is used to look at how often road crashes changed in the Adelaide metropolitan area before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The Geographically Weighted Generalized Linear Model (GWGLM) is also used to explore how the association between the number of crashes and the factors that explain them varies across census blocks. Using both no-spatial and spatial models, the effects of urban structure elements like land use mix, road network design, distance to CBD, and proximity to public transit on the frequency of crashes at the local level were studied. Results This research showed that lockdown orders led to a mild reduction (approximately 7%) in crash frequency. However, this decrease, which has occurred mostly during the first three months of the lockdown, has not systematically alleviated traffic safety risks in the Greater Adelaide Metropolitan Area. Crash hotspots shifted from areas adjacent to workplaces and education centres to green spaces and city fringes, while crash incidence periods switched from weekdays to weekends and winter to summer. Implications The outcomes of this research provided insights into the impact of shifting driving behaviour on safety during disorderly catastrophes such as COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ABS, Australian bureau of statistics
- Adelaide
- CBD, Central business district
- COVID-19
- COVID19, Coronavirus disease of 2019
- GLM
- GLM, Generalized linear model
- GWGLM
- GWGLM, Geographically weighted generalized linear model
- GWR, Geographically weighted regression
- Injury
- LGA, Local government area
- PDO, Property damage only
- RV, Response variable
- SA1, Statistical area level 1
- TAZ, Traffic analysis zone
- Traffic crash
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soltani
- Injury Studies, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- UniSA Business, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azmoodeh
- Department of Transportation and Highway, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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Betz ME, Fowler NR, Han SD, Hill LL, Johnson RL, Meador L, Omeragic F, Peterson RA, DiGuiseppi C. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adult Driving in the United States. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 41:1821-1830. [PMID: 35583182 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected driving and health outcomes in older adults. METHODS We compared Advancing Understanding of Transportation Options (AUTO) study participants enrolled before (December 2019 to March 2020) versus during the pandemic (May 2020 to June 2021). Participants were English-speaking, licensed drivers (≥70 years) who drove weekly and had a primary care provider at a study site and ≥1 medical condition potentially associated with driving cessation. We used baseline self-reported measures on mobility and health. RESULTS Compared to those enrolled pre-COVID-19 (n = 61), more participants enrolled during COVID-19 (n = 240) reported driving reductions (26% vs. 70%, p < .001) and more often for personal preference (vs. medical/emotional reasons). While mean social isolation was higher during than pre-COVID-19, self-reported depression, stress, and overall health PROMIS scores did not differ significantly. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight the resiliency of some older adults and have implications for mitigating the negative effects of driving cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicole R Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda L Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Meador
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Faris Omeragic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan A Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Risk-Compensation Trends in Road Safety during COVID-19. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact, disrupting the normal trends of our everyday life. More specifically, the effects of COVID-19 on road safety are still largely unexplored. Hence, this study aims to investigate the change in road safety trends due to COVID-19 using real-time traffic parameters. Results from the extensive analyses of the 2017 to 2020 data of Interstate-4 show that traffic volume decreased by 13.6% in 2020 compared to the average of 2017–2019’s volume, whereas there is a decreasing number of crashes at the higher volume. Average speed increased by 11.3% during the COVID-19 period; however, the increase in average speed during the COVID-19 period has an insignificant relationship with crash severities. Fatal crashes increased, while total crashes decreased, during the COVID-19 period; severe crashes decreased with the total crashes. Alcohol-related crashes decreased by 22% from 2019 to 2020. Thus, the road-safety trend due to the impact of COVID-19 has evidently changed and presents a unique trend. The findings of the study suggest a larger need for a more in-depth study to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on road safety, to minimize fatalities on roads through appropriate policy measures.
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Francke A. Cycling during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. ADVANCES IN TRANSPORT POLICY AND PLANNING 2022. [PMCID: PMC9188448 DOI: 10.1016/bs.atpp.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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