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Wu B, Dou X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhao C, Xia J, Xing C, He S, Feng C. Chiral Supramolecular Nanofibers Regulated Tumor-Derived Exosomes Secretion for Constructing an Anti-Tumor Extracellular Microenvironment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308335. [PMID: 38420895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) induced extracellular microenvironment has recently been validated to be critical for tumor progression and metastasis, however, remodeling it for oncotherapy still remains a major challenge due to difficulty in regulation of TDEs secretion. Herein, the supramolecular chiral nanofibers, composed of L/D-phenylalanine derivates (L/D-Phe) and linear hyaluronic acid (HA), are successfully employed to construct TDEs induced anti-tumor extracellular microenvironment. The left-handed L-Phe @HA nanofibers significantly inhibit TDEs secretion into extracellular microenvironment, which results in suppression of tumor proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Biological assays and theoretical modeling reveal that these results are mainly attributed to strong adsorption of the key exosomes transporters (Ras-related protein Rab-27A and synaptosome-associated protein 23) on left-handed L-Phe @HA nanofibers via enhanced stereoselective interaction, leading to degradation and phosphorylated dropping of exosomes transporters. Subsequently, transfer function of exosomes transporters is limited, which causes remarkable inhibition of TDEs secretion. These findings provide a promising novel insight of chiral functional materials to establish an anti-tumor extracellular microenvironment via regulation of TDEs secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dou
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Changli Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Xia
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xing
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Sijia He
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200230, P. R. China
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Jin L, Jiang BG, Yin Y, Guo J, Jiang JF, Qi X, Crispell G, Karim S, Cao WC, Lai R. Interference with LTβR signaling by tick saliva facilitates transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208274119. [PMID: 36383602 PMCID: PMC9704693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208274119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme spirochetes have coevolved with ticks to optimize transmission to hosts using tick salivary molecules (TSMs) to counteract host defenses. TSMs modulate various molecular events at the tick-host interface. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) is a vital immune receptor and plays protective roles in host immunity against microbial infections. We found that Ltbr knockout mice were more susceptible to Lyme disease spirochetes, suggesting the involvement of LTβR signaling in tick-borne Borrelia infection. Further investigation showed that a 15-kDa TSM protein from Ixodes persulcatus (I. persulcatus salivary protein; IpSAP) functioned as an immunosuppressant to facilitate the transmission and infection of Lyme disease spirochetes. IpSAP directly interacts with LTβR to block its activation, thus inhibiting the downstream signaling and consequently suppressing immunity. IpSAP immunization provided mice with significant protection against I. persulcatus-mediated Borrelia garinii infection. Notably, the immunization showed considerable cross-protection against other Borrelia infections mediated by other ixodid ticks. One of the IpSAP homologs from other ixodid ticks showed similar effects on Lyme spirochete transmission. Together, our findings suggest that LTβR signaling plays an important role in blocking the transmission and pathogenesis of tick-borne Lyme disease spirochetes, and that IpSAP and its homologs are promising candidates for broad-spectrum vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yizhu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Gary Crispell
- Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Shahid Karim
- Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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Nganso BT, Pines G, Soroker V. Insights into gene manipulation techniques for Acari functional genomics. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 143:103705. [PMID: 35134533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics is an essential tool for elucidating the structure and function of genes in any living organism. Here, we review the use of different gene manipulation techniques in functional genomics of Acari (mites and ticks). Some of these Acari species inflict severe economic losses to managed crops and health problems to humans, wild and domestic animals, but many also provide important ecosystem services worldwide. Currently, RNA interference (RNAi) is the leading gene expression manipulation tool followed by gene editing via the bacterial type II Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and associated protein 9 system (CRISPR-Cas9). Whilst RNAi, via siRNA, does not always lead to expected outcomes, the exploitations of the CRISPR systems in Acari are still in their infancy and are limited only to CRISP/Cas9 to date. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 and the technical challenges associated with their exploitations. We also compare the biochemical machinery of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. We highlight some potential solutions for experimental optimization of each mechanism in gene function studies. The potential benefits of adopting various CRISPR-Cas9 systems for expanding on functional genomics experiments in Acari are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice T Nganso
- Department of Entomology, Chemistry and Nematology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Gur Pines
- Department of Entomology, Chemistry and Nematology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Victoria Soroker
- Department of Entomology, Chemistry and Nematology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Stockmal KA, Downs LP, Davis AN, Kemp LK, Karim S, Morgan SE. Cationic Glycopolyelectrolytes for RNA Interference in Tick Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:34-46. [PMID: 34793129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is the primary vector for bacteria that cause Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), where numerous glycosylated tick proteins are involved at the interface of vector-host-pathogen interactions. Reducing the expression of key tick proteins, such as selenoprotein K (SelK), through RNA interference is a promising approach to reduce pathogen transmission, but efficient delivery of nucleic acids to arthropods has proven challenging. While cationic glycopolymers have been used as nonviral gene delivery vehicles in mammalian cells, their use in arthropod or insect gene transfection has not been established. In this study, statistical acrylamide-based cationic glycopolymers with glucose or galactose pendant groups were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and the effects of the saccharide pendant group and cationic monomer loading on polymer cytotoxicity, RNA complexation, and SelK gene knockdown in ISE6 cells were evaluated. All polymers exhibited low cytotoxicity, yet RNA/copolymer complex cell uptake and gene knockdown were highly dependent on the saccharide structure and the N:P (amino to phosphate groups) ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Stockmal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Latoyia P Downs
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Ashley N Davis
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
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Nganso BT, Mani K, Eliash N, Rafaeli A, Soroker V. Towards disrupting Varroa -honey bee chemosensing: A focus on a Niemann-Pick type C2 transcript. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:519-531. [PMID: 34216416 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We focused our study on the 12 recently identified putative odorant carrier proteins in the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor. Here we show, via an exclusion of the chemosensory appendages (forelegs and gnathosoma) that transcripts of five of the 12 genes were significantly lower, suggesting that they are likely involved in carrying host volatiles. Specifically, three transcripts were found to be foreleg-specific while the other two transcripts were expressed in both the forelegs and gnathosoma. We focused on one of the highly expressed and foreleg-specific transcript Vd40090, which encodes a Niemann-Pick disease protein type C2 (NPC2) protein. Effects of dsRNA-mediated silencing of Vd40090 were first measured by quantifying the transcript levels of genes that encode other putative odorant carrier proteins as well as reproduction related proteins. In addition, the impact of silencing on mites behaviour and survival was tested. Silencing of Vd40090 effectively disrupted Varroa host selection, acceptance and feeding and significantly impaired the expression of genes that regulate its reproduction in brood cells, resulting in reduced reproduction and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Nganso
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - K Mani
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - N Eliash
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - A Rafaeli
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - V Soroker
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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6
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Park JM, Oliva Chávez AS, Shaw DK. Ticks: More Than Just a Pathogen Delivery Service. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:739419. [PMID: 34540723 PMCID: PMC8440996 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.739419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Park
- Program in Vector-Borne Disease, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Adela S Oliva Chávez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Dana K Shaw
- Program in Vector-Borne Disease, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Karim S, Kumar D, Budachetri K. Recent advances in understanding tick and rickettsiae interactions. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12830. [PMID: 33713348 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are haematophagous arthropods with unique molecular mechanisms for digesting host blood meal while acting as vectors for various pathogens of public health significance. The tick's pharmacologically active saliva plays a fundamental role in modulating the host's immune system for several days to weeks, depending on the tick species. The vector tick has also developed sophisticated molecular mechanisms to serve as a competent vector for pathogens, including the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. Evidence is still inadequate concerning tick-rickettsiae-host interactions and saliva-assisted transmission of the pathogen to the mammalian host. Rickettsia parkeri, of the SFG rickettsia, can cause a milder version of Rocky Mountain spotted fever known as American Boutonneuse fever. The Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) often transmits this pathogenic rickettsia in the USA. This review discusses the knowledge gap concerning tick-rickettsiae-host interactions by highlighting the SFG rickettsia and the Am maculatum model system. Filling this knowledge gap will provide a better understanding of the tick-rickettsiae-host interactions in disease causation, which will be crucial for developing effective methods for preventing tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Karim
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological. Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological. Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Khemraj Budachetri
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological. Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.,The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Tang BL. Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1a (Vti1a)'s roles in neurons. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04600. [PMID: 32775753 PMCID: PMC7398939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediates membrane fusion during membrane trafficking and autophagy in all eukaryotic cells, with a number of SNAREs having cell type-specific functions. The endosome-trans-Golgi network (TGN) localized SNARE, Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1A (Vti1a), is unique among SNAREs in that it has numerous neuron-specific functions. These include neurite outgrowth, nervous system development, spontaneous neurotransmission, synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle secretion, as well as a process of unconventional surface transport of the Kv4 potassium channel. Furthermore, the human VT11A gene is known to form fusion products with neighboring genes in cancer tissues, and VT11A variants are associated with risk in cancers, including glioma. In this review, I highlight VTI1A's known physio-pathological roles in brain neurons, as well as unanswered questions in these regards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Chávez ASO, O'Neal AJ, Santambrogio L, Kotsyfakis M, Pedra JHF. Message in a vesicle - trans-kingdom intercommunication at the vector-host interface. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/6/jcs224212. [PMID: 30886004 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause over 700,000 deaths annually and represent 17% of all infectious illnesses worldwide. This public health menace highlights the importance of understanding how arthropod vectors, microbes and their mammalian hosts interact. Currently, an emphasis of the scientific enterprise is at the vector-host interface where human pathogens are acquired and transmitted. At this spatial junction, arthropod effector molecules are secreted, enabling microbial pathogenesis and disease. Extracellular vesicles manipulate signaling networks by carrying proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and regulatory nucleic acids. Therefore, they are well positioned to aid in cell-to-cell communication and mediate molecular interactions. This Review briefly discusses exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, their cargo, and the role that nanovesicles play during pathogen spread, host colonization and disease pathogenesis. We then focus on the role of extracellular vesicles in dictating microbial pathogenesis and host immunity during transmission of vector-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela S Oliva Chávez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anya J O'Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Joao H F Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Moura-Martiniano NO, Machado-Ferreira E, Gazêta GS, Soares CAG. Relative transcription of autophagy-related genes in Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:401-428. [PMID: 29181673 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ticks endure stressful off-host periods and perform as vectors of a diversity of infectious agents, thus engaging pathways that expectedly demand for autophagy. Little is known of ticks' autophagy, a conserved eukaryotic machinery assisting in homeostasis processes that also participates in tissue-dependent metabolic functions. Here, the autophagy-related ATG4 (autophagin-1), ATG6 (beclin-1) and ATG8 (LC3) mRNAs from the human diseases vector Amblyomma sculptum and the cattle-tick Rhipicephalus microplus were identified. Comparative qPCR quantifications evidenced different transcriptional status for the ATG genes in the salivary glands (SG), ovaries and intestines of actively feeding ticks. These ATGs had increased relative transcription under nutrient-deprivation, as determined by validation tests with R. microplus embryo-derivative cells BME26 and A. sculptum SG explants incubations in HBSS. Starvation lead to 4-31.8× and ~ 60-500× increments on the ATGs mRNA loads in BME26 and A. sculptum SG explants, respectively. PI3K inhibitor 3MA treatment also affected ATGs expression in BME26. Some ATGs were more transcribed in the SGs than in the ovaries of cattle-ticks. Amblyomma sculptum/R. microplus interspecific comparisons showed that ATG4 and ATG6 were 0.18× less expressed in A. sculptum SGs, but ~ 10-100× more expressed in their ovaries when compared to R. microplus organs. ATG4 and ATG8a transcript loads were ~ 120× and ~ 40× higher, respectively, in A. sculptum intestines when compared to cattle-ticks of similar weight category. ATGs expression in A. sculptum intestines increased with tick weight, indicating Atgs contribution to intracellular blood digestion. Possible roles of the autophagy machinery and their organ-specific expression profile on vector biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Moura-Martiniano
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erik Machado-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto S Gazêta
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes Soares
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- , Ilha do Fundão, CCS, Bloco A, Lab. A2-120. Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco S/N, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
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A deep insight into the whole transcriptome of midguts, ovaries and salivary glands of the Amblyomma sculptum tick. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:64-73. [PMID: 27789388 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Than W, Qin F, Liu W, Wang X. Analysis of Sogatella furcifera proteome that interact with P10 protein of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32445. [PMID: 27653366 PMCID: PMC5032029 DOI: 10.1038/srep32445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is transmitted efficiently only by white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) in a persistent propagative manner. Here we used a yeast two-hybrid system to investigate the interactions between the SRBSDV- P10 and the cDNA library of WBPH. Of 130 proteins identified as putative interactors, 28 were further tested in a retransformation analysis and β-galactosidase assay to confirm the interaction. The full-length gene sequences of 5 candidate proteins: vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), vesicle transport V-SNARE protein (Vti1A), growth hormone-inducible transmembrane protein (Ghitm), nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha, and ATP synthase lipid-binding protein) were amplified by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and used in a GST fusion protein pull-down assay. Three of these proteins interacted with SRBSDV-P10 in vitro experiment GST pull-down assay. In a gene expression analysis of 3 different growth stages and 6 different tissue organs of S. furcifera, the mRNA level of VAMP7 was high in adult males and gut. Vti1A was abundant in adult female, and malpighian tubule, gut and ovary. Ghitm was predominantly found in adult male and the malpighian tubule. These research findings are greatly helpful to understand the interaction between SRBSDV and insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Than
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Faliang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Tang B, Wei P, Zhao L, Shi Z, Shen Q, Yang M, Xie G, Wang S. Knockdown of five trehalase genes using RNA interference regulates the gene expression of the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Tribolium castaneum. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27596613 PMCID: PMC5011928 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RNA interference is a very effective approach for studies on gene function and may be an efficient method for controlling pests. Trehalase is a key gene in the chitin biosynthesis pathway in insects. Five trehalase genes have been cloned in Tribolium castaneum, though it is not known whether the detailed functions of these trehalases can be targeted for pest control. Results The functions of all five trehalase genes were studied using RNAi, and the most important results showed that the expression of all 12 genes decreased significantly from 12 to 72 h compared with the control groups, except GP1 at 72 h, when the expression of the TcTre2 gene was suppressed. The results also revealed different abnormal phenotypes, and the observed mortality rates ranged from 17 to 42 %. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of TPS, GS, two GP, CHS1a and CHS1b genes decreased significantly, while that of the CHS2 gene decreased or increased after RNAi after the five trehalases were silenced at 48 h. In addition, TPS gene expression decreased from 12 to 72 h after dsTcTre injection. Conclusions These results demonstrate that silencing of any individual trehalase gene, especially Tre1-4 and Tre2 gene can lead to moulting deformities and a high mortality rate through the regulation of gene expression in the chitin biosynthesis pathway and may be a potential approach for pest control in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0297-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuokun Shi
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qida Shen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kumar D, Budachetri K, Meyers VC, Karim S. Assessment of tick antioxidant responses to exogenous oxidative stressors and insight into the role of catalase in the reproductive fitness of the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:283-94. [PMID: 26919203 PMCID: PMC4860135 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, to avoid tissue damage, ticks must neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from uptake and digestion of a bloodmeal. Consequently, ticks utilize a battery of antioxidant molecules, including catalase (CAT), an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) into water and oxygen. Here, we investigated the tick antioxidant machinery by exogenous injection of sublethal doses of H2 O2 or paraquat. The relative transcript levels of selected Amblyomma maculatum antioxidant targets in tissues were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR following treatment. The results showed 2-16-fold increases in target antioxidant gene transcripts, signifying the ability of Am. maculatum to regulate its antioxidant machinery when exposed to increased ROS levels. Next, RNA interference was used to determine the functional role of CAT in haematophagy, redox homeostasis and reproductive fitness. CAT gene silencing was confirmed by transcript depletion within tick tissues; however, CAT knockdown alone did not interfere with tick haematophagy or phenotype, as confirmed by the resulting differential expression of antioxidant genes, thereby indicating an alternative mechanism for ROS control. Interestingly, double stranded RNA of CAT gene (dsCAT) and the CAT inhibitor, 3-aminotriazole, together reduced tick reproductive fitness via a marked reduction in egg mass and larval eclosion rates, highlighting a role for CAT in tick redox-homeostasis, making it a potential target for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shahid Karim
- Corresponding author: Shahid Karim, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA, , Tel: 601-266-6232, Fax: 601-266-5797
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15
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Budachetri K, Karim S. An insight into the functional role of thioredoxin reductase, a selenoprotein, in maintaining normal native microbiota in the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:570-81. [PMID: 26184979 PMCID: PMC4560682 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tick selenoproteins have been associated with antioxidant activity in ticks. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), also a selenoprotein, belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase family of proteins and is an important antioxidant. Molecular interactions between native microbiota and tick hosts have barely been investigated to date. In this study, we determined the functional role of TrxR in tick feeding and in maintenance of the native microbial community. TrxR transcript levels remained high and microbial load was reduced throughout tick attachment to the vertebrate host. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that depletion of TrxR activity did not interfere with tick haematophagy or phenotype but did reduce the viability of the microbiome within the tick tissues, presumably by perturbing redox homeostasis. The transcriptional activity of various antioxidant genes remained unaffected whereas the antioxidant genes Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and selenoprotein M (SelM) were significantly down-regulated in salivary glands of the ticks subjected to RNAi. The perturbed TrxR enzymatic activity in the knocked-down tick tissues negatively affected the bacterial load as well. Furthermore, we observed the altered bacterial profiles in TrxR-silenced tick tissues. Taken together, these results indicate an essential functional role for TrxR in maintaining the bacterial community associated with ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Budachetri
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - S Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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16
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Criscione F, O'Brochta DA, Reid W. Genetic technologies for disease vectors. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 10:90-97. [PMID: 29588019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first genetic technologies for insect vectors of disease were introduced 20 years ago. As of today there are 12 classes of genetic technologies used as functional genomic tools for insect vectors of important diseases. Although the applications of genetic technologies in insect disease vectors have been conducted primarily in mosquitoes, other insect systems could benefit from current technologies. While the various technological platforms are likely to function in diverse arthropods, the delivery of these technologies to cells and tissues of interest is the major technical constraint that limits their widespread adoption. Increased community resources of various types would enhance the adoption of these technologies and potentially eliminate technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Criscione
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - David A O'Brochta
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - William Reid
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
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17
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Chen Q, He J, Ma C, Yu D, Kang L. Syntaxin 1A modulates the sexual maturity rate and progeny egg size related to phase changes in locusts. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 56:1-8. [PMID: 25446392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) exhibits clear phenotypic plasticity depending on its population density. Previous studies have explored the molecular mechanisms of body colour, behavior, immunity, and metabolism between high population density gregarious (G) and low population density solitarious (S) locusts. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying differences in reproductive traits remain unknown. G locusts reach sexual maturation much faster and lay larger eggs compared with S locusts. The traits of G locusts decreased significantly with isolation, whereas those of S locusts increased with crowding. Analysis of gene expression in female adults indicated that syntaxin 1A (Syx1A) was expressed significantly higher in G locusts than in S locusts. After silencing Syx1A expression in G locusts by RNA interference (RNAi), their sexual maturity rate and progeny egg size changed towards those of S locusts. Similarly, increment in the traits of S locusts with crowding was blocked by Syx1A interference. Changes in the traits were also confirmed by decrease in the level of vitellogenin, which is regulated by Syx1A. In conclusion, plasticity of the sexual maturity rate and progeny egg size of G and S locusts, which is beneficial for locusts to adapt to environmental changes, is regulated by Syx1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Adamson S, Browning R, Singh P, Nobles S, Villarreal A, Karim S. Transcriptional activation of antioxidants may compensate for selenoprotein deficiencies in Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) injected with selK- or selM-dsRNA. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 23:497-510. [PMID: 24698418 PMCID: PMC4107163 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf-Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, possesses an elaborate set of selenoproteins, which prevent the deleterious effects from oxidative stress that would otherwise occur during feeding. In the current work, we examined the role of selenoprotein K (SelK) and selenoprotein M (SelM) in feeding A. maculatum by bioinformatics, transcriptional gene expression, RNA interference and antioxidant assays. The transcriptional expression of SelK did not vary significantly in salivary glands or midguts throughout the bloodmeal. However, there was a 58-fold increase in transcript levels of SelM in tick midguts. Ticks injected with selK-dsRNA or selM-dsRNA did not reveal any observable differences in egg viability but oviposition was reduced. Surprisingly, salivary antioxidant activity was higher in selenoprotein knockouts compared with controls, which is probably the result of compensatory transcriptional expression of genes involved in combating reactive oxygen species. In fact, quantitative real-time PCR data suggest that the transcriptional expression of catalase increased in ticks injected with selM-double-stranded RNA. Additionally, the transcriptional expression of selN decreased ∼90% in both SelK/SelM knockdowns. These data indicate that SelK and SelM are salivary antioxidants but are not essential for tick survival or reproduction and are compensated by other antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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