Organotin(IV) derivatives of amide-based carboxylates: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, single crystal studies and antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-leishmanial, hemolytic, noncancerous, anticancer activities

Crystal structure, in vitro cytotoxicity, DNA binding and DFT calculations of new copper (II) complexes with coumarin-amide ligand

This work describes the synthesis, anticancer activity and electron structure study of two Cu (II) complexes with coumarin-3-formyl-(3-(aminomethyl) pyridine) ligand (L) - C1 (Cu₂L₂(OAc)₄) and C2 (CuL₂(NO₃)₂). The structure of C1 and C2 was confirmed by elemental analysis, FTIR, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complex C1 crystallizes as binuclear where two Cu (II) ions are bridged by four acetate ligands while C2 is a mononuclear complex with twisted octahedral geometry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that electronic transitions originate from metal-ligand charge transfer and d-d transitions of metal ions. According to the results of UV-Vis and fluorescence titrations, C1 and C2 intercalate with DNA with the binding constants of 6.9 × 10⁵ M^-1 and 5.9 × 10⁵ M^-1, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays on four cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7 and A549) and a normal HUVEC cell line indicated higher anti-MCF-7 activity of C2 compared with cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 2.86 ± 0.08 μM vs. 9.07 ± 0.10 μM). Moreover, C2 had superior selectivity since IC₅₀ toward HUVEC cells was over 150 μM compared with 0.58 ± 0.05 μM for cisplatin. We concluded that the anti-MCF activity of mononuclear C2 complex is better than that of binuclear C1 and cisplatin. Therefore, C2 has been selected as a hit compound to develop novel non‑platinum anticancer agents through modification of coumarin-amide structure and variation of copper (II) salts.

Ti3C2 nanosheets with broad-spectrum antioxidant activity for cytoprotection against oxidative stress

Redox regulation in biological systems represents a fascinating method for treatment and prevention of oxidative stress induced diseases. The key and difficult point is to find ideal materials with excellent antioxidant capability and good biocompatibility. To this end, ultra-thin two-dimensional MXene (Ti₃C₂) nanosheets (NSs) were investigated for their antioxidant capability. It is found that Ti₃C₂ NSs can scavenge efficiently reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (˙OH, H₂O₂, and ˙NO), ABTS⁺˙ and DPPH˙ free radicals in a concentration dependent manner, showing broad-spectrum antioxidant activities. Ti₃C₂ NSs exhibit higher antioxidant activity and broader antioxidant capability than natural antioxidant molecules. The significant role of PEG modified Ti₃C₂ with good stability in preventing cell damage against oxidative stress was demonstrated. Upon treatment of H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress with Ti₃C₂, the intracellular ROS level decreases and the cell survival rate increases significantly. An antioxidant mechanism based on gradient oxidation was proposed to account for the superior antioxidant activity of Ti₃C₂. Our result proves that ultra-thin MXenes as antioxidants have great potential in preventing oxidative stress caused biological damage.

Ti₃C₂ nanosheets exhibit efficient and broad-spectrum antioxidant activities to scavenge ROS and free radicals, playing a significant role in preventing cell damage against oxidative stress.

Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro antiproliferative effects of novel organotin(iv) compounds with nicotinate and isonicotinate moieties on carcinoma cells

Novel triorganotin(iv) nicotinates and isonicotinates were successfully synthesized and fully characterized. The preliminary results for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the mouse colon carcinoma C26 cell line are also reported.