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Hernández-Bojorge S, Campos A, Parikh J, Beckstead J, Lajeunesse M, Wildman D. The prevalence and risk factors of PTSD symptoms among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:523-545. [PMID: 38059541 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first reported outbreak in China, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised serious concerns globally. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe psychological impact on healthcare workers (HCWs), and especially nurses, who are the most numerous and exposed frontline group. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarise extant literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of nurses, particularly concerning the prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo from March 2020 to July 2023. Articles were included/excluded on predetermined eligibility criteria. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed using proportions to determine the pooled prevalence for PTSD among nurses. Subgroup analyses were also performed, and heterogeneity across studies was analysed using meta-regression. Relatively high prevalence rates of PTSD were reported among nurse populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in twenty-six different countries, globally. Risk factors associated with PTSD include having prior mental health co-morbidities, being a female, having high exposure/contact with COVID-19 patients, having insufficient protective conditions and having intensive workloads. The overall pooled prevalence was 29.1% (95% C.I. = 23.5%, 35.5%) using a random-effects model in 55 studies. The regression test of funnel plot asymmetry indicated a significant level of publication bias among studies. The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significant levels of PTSD among frontline nurses globally. A high level of heterogeneity was observed across studies. Psychological, social and administrative interventions should be implemented to mitigate heavy psychological distress in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hernández-Bojorge
- Department of Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Adriana Campos
- Department of Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jeegan Parikh
- Department of Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason Beckstead
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Marc Lajeunesse
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Derek Wildman
- Department of Genomics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Ma J, Liu F, Shen C, Sun J, Ma Z, Hu W, Lang H. Relationship between depression and burnout among nurses in Intensive Care units at the late stage of COVID-19: a network analysis. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:224. [PMID: 38561758 PMCID: PMC10983623 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are critical and common in medical staff working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) even at the late stage of COVID-19, particularly for nurses. There is little research to explore the inner relationships between common syndromes, such as depression and burnout. Network analysis (NA) was a novel approach to quantified the correlations between mental variables from the perspective of mathematics. This study was to investigate the interactions between burnout and depression symptoms through NA among ICU nurses. METHOD A cross-sectional study with a total of 616 Chinese nurses in ICU were carried out by convenience sampling from December 19, 2022 to January19, 2023 via online survey. Burnout symptoms were measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) (Chinese version), and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). NA was applied to build interactions between burnout and depression symptoms. We identified central and bridge symptoms by R package qgraph in the network model. R package bootnet was used to examined the stability of network structure. RESULTS The prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms were 48.2% and 64.1%, respectively. Within depression-burnout network, PHQ4(Fatigue)-MBI2(Used up) and PHQ4(Fatigue)-MBI5(Breakdown) showed stronger associations. MBI2(Used up) had the strongest expected influence central symptoms, followed by MBI4(Stressed) and MBI7 (Less enthusiastic). For bridge symptoms. PHQ4(Fatigue), MBI5(Breakdown) and MBI2(Used up) weighed highest. Both correlation stability coefficients of central and bridge symptoms in the network structure were 0.68, showing a high excellent level of stability. CONCLUSION The symptom of PHQ4(Fatigue) was the bridge to connect the emotion exhaustion and depression. Targeting this symptom will be effective to detect mental disorders and relieve mental syndromes of ICU nurses at the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, No. 4 Jinhua North Road, 710021, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhujing Ma
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongjuan Lang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Vogt KS, Johnson J, Coleman R, Simms-Ellis R, Harrison R, Shearman N, Marran J, Budworth L, Horsfield C, Lawton R, Grange A. Can the Reboot coaching programme support critical care nurses in coping with stressful clinical events? A mixed-methods evaluation assessing resilience, burnout, depression and turnover intentions. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:343. [PMID: 38491374 PMCID: PMC10941361 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical care nurses (CCNs) are routinely exposed to highly stressful situations, and at high-risk of suffering from work-related stress and developing burnout. Thus, supporting CCN wellbeing is crucial. One approach for delivering this support is by preparing CCNs for situations they may encounter, drawing on evidence-based techniques to strengthen psychological coping strategies. The current study tailored a Resilience-boosting psychological coaching programme [Reboot] to CCNs. Other healthcare staff receiving Reboot have reported improvements in confidence in coping with stressful clinical events and increased psychological resilience. The current study tailored Reboot for online, remote delivery to CCNs (as it had not previously been delivered to nurses, or in remote format), to (1) assess the feasibility of delivering Reboot remotely, and to (2) provide a preliminary assessment of whether Reboot could increase resilience, confidence in coping with adverse events and burnout. METHODS A single-arm mixed-methods (questionnaires, interviews) before-after feasibility study design was used. Feasibility was measured via demand, recruitment, and retention (recruitment goal: 80 CCNs, retention goal: 70% of recruited CCNs). Potential efficacy was measured via questionnaires at five timepoints; measures included confidence in coping with adverse events (Confidence scale), Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), depression (PHQ-9) and burnout (Oldenburg-Burnout-Inventory). Intention to leave (current role, nursing more generally) was measured post-intervention. Interviews were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. RESULTS Results suggest that delivering Reboot remotely is feasible and acceptable. Seventy-seven nurses were recruited, 81% of whom completed the 8-week intervention. Thus, the retention rate was over 10% higher than the target. Regarding preliminary efficacy, follow-up measures showed significant increases in resilience, confidence in coping with adverse events and reductions in depression, burnout, and intention to leave. Qualitative analysis suggested that CCNs found the psychological techniques helpful and particularly valued practical exercises that could be translated into everyday practice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of remote delivery of Reboot and potential efficacy for CCNs. Results are limited due to the single-arm feasibility design; thus, a larger trial with a control group is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vogt
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
- Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - J Johnson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - R Coleman
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing: College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK
| | - R Simms-Ellis
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R Harrison
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research: Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Shearman
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
- Mid Yorkshire Teaching NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - J Marran
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - L Budworth
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Yorkshire & Humber Patient Safety Research Collaboration, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - C Horsfield
- West Yorkshire Adult Critical Care Network, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - R Lawton
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Grange
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Temple Bank House, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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Dijkstra BM, Rood PJT, Teerenstra S, Rutten AMF, Leerentveld C, Burgers-Bonthuis DC, Festen-Spanjer B, Klarenbeek T, Van Den Boogaard M, Ewalds E, Schoonhoven L, Van Der Hoeven JG, Vloet LCM. Effect of a Standardized Family Participation Program in the ICU: A Multicenter Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med 2024; 52:420-431. [PMID: 37934138 PMCID: PMC10876177 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of a standardized program for family participation in essential care activities in the ICU on symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress and satisfaction among relatives, and perceptions and experiences of ICU healthcare providers (HCPs). DESIGN Multicenter stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING Seven adult ICUs, one university, and six general teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred six relatives and 235 ICU HCPs. INTERVENTIONS A standardized program to facilitate family participation inpatient communication, amusement/distraction, comfort, personal care, breathing, mobilization, and nutrition. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data were collected through surveys among relatives and ICU HCPs. There were no significant differences in symptoms of anxiety in relatives in the intervention period compared with the control period (median Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] 5 [interquartile range (IQR) 2-10] vs 6 [IQR 3-9]; median ratio [MR] 0.72; 95% CI, 0.46-1.13; p = 0.15), depression (median HADS 4 [IQR 2-6] vs 3 [IQR 1-6]; MR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.55-1.32; p = 0.47) or posttraumatic stress (median Impact of Event Scale-Revised score 0.45 [IQR 0.27-0.82] vs 0.41 [IQR 0.14-1]; MR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78-1.14; p = 0.54). Reported satisfaction was slightly lower in the intervention period (mean 8.90 [ sd 1.10] vs mean 9.06 [ sd 1.10], difference -0.60; 95% CI, -1.07 to -0.12; p = 0.01). ICU HCPs perceived that more relatives knew how to participate: 47% in the intervention period versus 22% in the control period (odds ratio [OR] 3.15; 95% CI, 1.64-6.05; p < 0.01). They also reported relatives having sufficient knowledge (41% vs 16%; OR 3.56; 95% CI, 1.75-7.25; p < 0.01) and skills (44% vs 25%; OR 2.38; 95% CI, 1.22-4.63; p = 0.01) to apply family participation. CONCLUSIONS Application of a standardized program to facilitate family participation did not change mental health symptoms in relatives of ICU patients 3 months after discharge. ICU HCPs reported increased clarity, knowledge, and skills among relatives and ICU HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje M Dijkstra
- Research Department Emergency and Critical Care, School of Health Studies Nijmegen, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J T Rood
- Research Department Emergency and Critical Care, School of Health Studies Nijmegen, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Teerenstra
- Department for Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M F Rutten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Crista Leerentveld
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, ISALA Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Toine Klarenbeek
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Van Den Boogaard
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Ewalds
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bernhoven, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Schoonhoven
- Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lilian C M Vloet
- Research Department Emergency and Critical Care, School of Health Studies Nijmegen, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Foundation for Family and Patient Centered Intensive Care, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
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Alsalim A, Rylance-Graham R. The causative factors of psychological distress and mental ill-health among ICU nurses during the pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2023; 32:1026-1030. [PMID: 38006594 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.21.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a global impact on health systems and health professionals. Nurses, particularly those working in intensive care units (ICUs), held a central critical role in the care of COVID-19 patients, facing numerous challenges in the delivery of care, leading to significant psychological and mental health issues. This article reports on findings from a qualitative narrative review of the literature related to psychological ill-being and mental health of ICU nurses' during the pandemic. Four key themes emerged: (1) isolation (2) workload (3) clinical preparedness and lack of protocols and (4) fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Alsalim
- MSc Nursing Student, School of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, at the time of writing this article
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Baldassini Rodriguez S, Bardacci Y, El Aoufy K, Bazzini M, Caruso C, Giusti GD, Mezzetti A, Lucchini A, Iozzo P, Guazzini A, Magi CE, Iovino P, Longobucco Y, Rasero L, Bambi S. Sleep Quality and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Hardiness in a Cohort of Frontline Italian Nurses during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. NURSING REPORTS 2023; 13:1203-1215. [PMID: 37755346 PMCID: PMC10538004 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep13030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the psychological and psychopathological status of the population and health care workers in terms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The primary aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of the pandemic on insomnia levels of a cohort of Italian nurses, particularly those involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. The secondary aim was to identify the interaction between insomnia and hardiness, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive-exploratory study was conducted using an online survey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to July 2020). The questionnaire consisted of multiple-choice, open-ended, closed, and semi-closed questions. The psychometric tools administered were the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS a cohort of 1167 nurses fully completed the questionnaire (86.2% of total respondents). The insomnia scale survey showed an increase in post-pandemic scores compared to those before the pandemic, implying that insomnia levels increased after the first pandemic wave. Insomnia scores were directly correlated with anxiety levels (r = 0.571; p ≤ 0.05) and inversely correlated with hardiness levels (r = -0.324; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed the following protective factors: not having worked in COVID-19 wards, high levels of hardiness (commitment), and the presence of high pre-pandemic insomnia disorder. The main risk factor for insomnia reported in the analysis was a high anxiety score. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Anxiety represented the main risk factor for insomnia severity in our sample, while hardiness was confirmed as a protective factor. Thus, it is necessary to design further studies to identify additional risk factors for poor sleep quality and to develop educational courses and strategies aimed at enhancing rest and sleep quality, especially for frontline nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Baldassini Rodriguez
- Emergency and Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.R.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Yari Bardacci
- Emergency and Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.R.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Khadija El Aoufy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Bazzini
- Emergency and Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.R.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian Caruso
- Emergency Medical System—AUSL Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Gian Domenico Giusti
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
- Teaching and Quality Department, Perugia University Hospital, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetti
- Emergency Medical System—AUSL Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Alberto Lucchini
- UOS Terapia Intensiva Generale e UOSD Emergenza Intraospedaliera e Trauma Team, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Iozzo
- Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultural Studies, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy;
- Center for the Study of Complex Dynamics (CSDC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Elena Magi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.E.M.); (P.I.); (Y.L.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.E.M.); (P.I.); (Y.L.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.E.M.); (P.I.); (Y.L.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Laura Rasero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.E.M.); (P.I.); (Y.L.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Bambi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.E.M.); (P.I.); (Y.L.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
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Othman SY, Hassan NI, Mohamed AM. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout and self-compassion among critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:305. [PMID: 37674145 PMCID: PMC10481566 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workloads in intensive care units (ICUs) have increased and extremely challenging ethical dilemmas were generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. ICU nurses experience high-stress levels and burnout worldwide. Egyptian studies on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) among ICU nurses are limited, although MBI has been shown to reduce stress and burnout. METHODS This quasi-experimental study included 60 nurses working in three hospitals in El-Beheira, Egypt. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the two groups: intervention or control (30 participants per group). The participants in the intervention group (MBI) received 8 MBI sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale were used to assess the outcomes. Additionally, demographic and workplace data were collected. RESULTS The post-test score of emotional exhaustion after MBI for 8 weeks significantly decreased in the MBI group to 15.47 ± 4.44 compared with the control group with 32.43 ± 8.87 (p < 0.001). The total Self-Compassion Scale significantly increased because of the mindfulness sessions 94.50 ± 3.83 for the MBI group vs. 79.00 ± 4.57 for the control group (p < 0.001). The post-test score of the FFMQ significantly increased to 137.03 ± 5.93, while the control group's score decreased to 114.40 ± 7.44, following the MBI sessions (p < 0.001). As determined by Cohen's d test, the effect size of MBI training is quite large, on the three burnout scale dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement), as well as the total score of the mindfulness and self-compassion scales. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence that MBI sessions were effective in reducing emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and increasing levels of mindfulness and self-compassion among critical care nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Younes Othman
- Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Nagia I. Hassan
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Alaa Mostafa Mohamed
- Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
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Deltour V, Poujol AL, Laurent A. Post-traumatic stress disorder among ICU healthcare professionals before and after the Covid-19 health crisis: a narrative review. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:66. [PMID: 37477706 PMCID: PMC10361923 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ICU (intensive care unit) involves potentially traumatic work for the professionals who work there. This narrative review seeks to identify the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among ICU professionals; how PTSD has been assessed; the risk factors associated with PTSD; and the psychological support proposed. METHODS Three databases and editorial portals were used to identify full-text articles published in English between 2009 and 2022 using the PRISMA method. RESULTS Among the 914 articles obtained, 19 studies met our inclusion criteria. These were undertaken primarily during the Covid-19 period (n = 12) and focused on nurses and assistant nurses (n = 10); nurses and physicians (n = 8); or physicians only (n = 1). The presence of mild to severe PTSD among professionals ranged from 3.3 to 24% before the pandemic, to 16-73.3% after the pandemic. PTSD in ICU professionals seems specific with particularly intense intrusion symptoms. ICU professionals are confronted risk factors for PTSD: confrontation with death, unpredictability and uncertainty of care, and insecurity related to the crisis COVID-19. The studies show that improved communication, feeling protected and supported within the service, and having sufficient human and material resources seem to protect healthcare professionals from PTSD. However, they also reveal that ICU professionals find it difficult to ask for help. CONCLUSION ICU professionals are particularly at risk of developing PTSD, especially since the Covid-19 health crisis. There seems to be an urgent need to develop prevention and support policies for professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire Deltour
- Psychology Laboratory: Relational Dynamics and Identity Processes (Psy-DREPI), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AAFE pole, Esplanade Erasme, 21078, Dijon, France
- VCR Team, School of Practitioner Psychologists, Catholic University of Paris, 7403, Paris, EA, France
| | - Anne-Laure Poujol
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- VCR Team, School of Practitioner Psychologists, Catholic University of Paris, 7403, Paris, EA, France
| | - Alexandra Laurent
- Psychology Laboratory: Relational Dynamics and Identity Processes (Psy-DREPI), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AAFE pole, Esplanade Erasme, 21078, Dijon, France.
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Dijon University Medical Centre, Dijon, France.
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Uenishi S, Buyo M, Sato S, Kojitani H, Odachi R, Matsuoka T, Okuda Y, Kimoto S, Hironishi M, Takahashi S. Impact of individual factors and personality trait on psychological problems of family members living with staff of a COVID-19 frontline hospital: A cross-sectional self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e110. [PMID: 38868148 PMCID: PMC11114314 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to evaluate the association between individual factors/personality traits and depression and anxiety in family members living with staff working on the frontline of COVID-19 care. Methods The subjects were family members over the age of 15 years living with staff members of a COVID-19 frontline hospital. Between March 27 and April 11, 2021, 204 self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed, and 149 responses were received. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Personality trait was assessed using the Big Five personality traits, and fear of COVID-19 was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. We examined associations between HADS depression or anxiety scores with individual background factors, scores of Big Five personality traits, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results The participants with anxiety had significantly higher scores for neuroticism and for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The participants with depression had significantly lower scores for extraversion and higher scores for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. No individual background factors were significantly associated with HADS depression or anxiety scores. Conclusion Among family members of staff of a COVID-19 frontline hospital, lower extraversion, higher neuroticism, and fear of COVID-19 were associated with anxiety and depression. This questionnaire survey was conducted before wide-spread rollout of COVID-19 vaccination, so the findings of this study are expected to be applicable to other future novel infectious outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Uenishi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryHidaka HospitalGoboJapan
| | - Momoko Buyo
- Division of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Hiroko Kojitani
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Ryo Odachi
- Division of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Toshiko Matsuoka
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Yuka Okuda
- Department of AnesthesiologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masaya Hironishi
- Department of Internal MedicineWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation ScienceOsaka Metropolitan UniversityHabikinoJapan
- Clinical Research and Education CenterAsakayama General HospitalSakaiJapan
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10
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Rydenfält C, Persson J, Erlingsdóttir G, Larsson R, Johansson G. Home care nurses' and managers' work environment during the Covid-19 pandemic: Increased workload, competing demands, and unsustainable trade-offs. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 111:104056. [PMID: 37257218 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Little research exists on how home care nursing personnel have experienced the Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study explores the work environment related challenges nurses and managers in home care faced during the pandemic. We discuss these challenges in relation to the Demand-Control-Support Model and reflect on how the organizational dynamics associated with them can be understood using the competing pressures model. During the pandemic, home care nurses and managers experienced both an increased workload and psychosocial strain. For managers, the increased complexity of work was a major problem. We identify three key takeaways related to sustainable crisis management: 1) to support managers' ability to provide social support to their personnel, 2) to increase crisis communication preparedness, and 3) to apply a holistic perspective on protective gear use. We also conclude that the competing pressures model is useful when exploring the dynamics of the work environment in complex organizational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Rydenfält
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Persson
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Gudbjörg Erlingsdóttir
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Roger Larsson
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Gerd Johansson
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Smith SA, Kokoczka L, Cottrell C. Utility of a "Lavender Lounge" to Reduce Stress Among Critical Care Registered Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Crit Care 2023; 32:198-204. [PMID: 37121899 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2023721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related stressors are present in almost every profession, but many believe nurses caring for critically ill patients experience additional and unique stresses. Results of previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of various interventions to reduce stress among intensive care nurses. However, the practicality of nurses taking time out from a busy unit to meet their own needs remains in question. OBJECTIVES To assess intensive care nurses' perceptions of the usability of a lounge designed to support them in refreshing and renewing themselves after stressful clinical situations. METHODS This study used a descriptive, cross-sectional design and survey methodology with a convenience sample of registered nurses from a medical intensive care unit. RESULTS Of 250 registered nurses eligible for participation, 54 (21.6%) completed surveys, and of those, 31 (57%) reported having used the lounge within the past month. Nurses reported having coverage provided by colleagues, visiting during their lunch break, and having low unit acuity were facilitators of lounge use. Barriers included high unit acuity, high unit census, and high patient care demands with no one available to cover patient assignments. CONCLUSIONS The variables that lead to stress and burnout among medical intensive care unit nurses also prevent nurses from using a "relaxation room." A more effective approach may be organizational change that supports reduction of workload through increased staffing, prearranged breaks during shifts, and increased recovery time between shifts by limiting work to no more than 40 hours per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Smith
- Stephanie A. Smith is an assistant nurse manager, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lynne Kokoczka
- Lynne Kokoczka is a clinical nurse specialist, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Constance Cottrell
- Constance Cottrell is a nurse scientist, Office of Nursing Research and Innovation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Alharthi H, Youssef HAM, Al Thobaity A, Yassen RW, Felemban EM, Almalki M, Al-Moteri M. Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Outbreak as Experienced by ICU Nurses: Manifest Qualitative Content Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091269. [PMID: 37174811 PMCID: PMC10177846 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
From the moment the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses struggled to care for the COVID-19 patients. As the pandemic became increasingly critical, the task of daily care for critically ill patients fell upon the shoulders of ICU nurses. Understanding the lived experience of ICU nurses, as well as their perception of the experience, is important to identify key lessons to further improve ICU nurses' psychological well-being and resilience. This study explored the lived experiences of ICU nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients using exploratory manifest qualitative content analysis. The findings of this study revealed that these ICU nurses offer important information concerning the crucial role of nurses' family support and religious-spiritual practices in helping them to maintain well-being and cope with the intense situations caused by the pandemic. The lessons emerging from the study findings show that family support and religious-spiritual practices are resources for coping and resilience in times of future pandemics. This implies that ICU nurses who provide care during stressful emergency surges require relief by nurses working in other areas to provide them the opportunity to rest, reconnect with family and become emotionally re-energized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Alharthi
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A M Youssef
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulellah Al Thobaity
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba W Yassen
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebaa M Felemban
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almalki
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modi Al-Moteri
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Martin SD, Urban RW, Foglia DC, Henson JS, George V, McCaslin T. Well-being in acute care nurse managers: A risk analysis of physical and mental health factors. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2023; 20:126-132. [PMID: 37031350 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurse managers have experienced tremendous stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to negative psychological outcomes. Positive professional well-being is a construct that can be promoted to mitigate poor psychological outcomes and burnout in nurses. Little is known about the health, healthy behaviors, effects of stress on homelife, and well-being of nurse managers in the United States (U.S.). AIMS The aims of the study were to explore nurse managers' well-being related to self-reported stress and health perceptions and habits. METHODS A sample of 80 (41% response rate) nurse managers responded to a cross-sectional web-based survey sent via email in a southwestern U.S. 13-hospital system. Nurses answered 39 quantitative questions about demographics, well-being (9-item Well-Being Index [WBI]), perceptions of stress affecting homelife, and perceptions of health and health-related behaviors. RESULTS Mean WBI (2.9 [2.7]) indicated risk for poor psychological outcomes. Managers (75%) reported stress from work affected their personal lives and a decline in overall health during the pandemic. Most (80%) reported burnout and emotional problems. Nurse managers had 8.1 times increased risk of poor WBI scores if stress from work affected their personal life than if they reported no spillover stress into their personal life (OR = 8.1, 95% CI [2.6, 25.0]). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Findings from this study add a nuanced understanding of nurse managers' well-being. The strongest risk factor for poor WBI scores was stress levels affecting personal life. Interventions to improve well-being in nurse managers are needed. Limitations are the convenience sampling, limited geographic location, and response rate of <50%. Further research is needed to support nurse managers in stress reduction and development of boundaries that prohibit the spillover effect of workplace stress. Organizations may consider a combination of administrative support and changes as well as provision of on-the-job training of interventions that support individual well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley D Martin
- Texas Health Harris Methodist Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Viji George
- Department of Clinical Excellence, Nursing Professional Practice, Texas Health Resources, Plano, Texas, USA
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14
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Kissel KA, Filipek C, Folz E, Jenkins J. The Impact of a 3-Tiered Model of Nursing Redeployment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023; 77:103431. [PMID: 37060812 PMCID: PMC10027952 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in extreme system pressures, requiring redeployment of nurses to intensive care units (ICUs). We aimed to assess the impacts of a 3-tiered pandemic surge model on nurses working in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology In this cross-sectional study, 931 nurses (464 ICU and 467 redeployed nurses) who worked within 4 adult ICUs in Western Canada during pandemic surge(s) were invited via email to participate in a survey. The survey explored the impact of redeployment, rapid ICU orientations, just-in-time training, and the 3-tiered model of nursing during pandemic surge. Burnout was measured utilizing the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory questionnaire. Results A total of 191 survey responses were retained (59 ICU nurses and 132 redeployed). Survey results are reported by tier, with outcomes varying based on team leadership, ICU, and redeployment nursing roles. Burnout in personal and workplace domains was present amongst all nursing tiers, while only team leadership roles experienced burnout in the patient domain. Overall, team leadership roles and permanent ICU nurses experienced the highest rates of burnout. Redeployed nurses reported numerous aids to success including support from colleagues, prior experience, and educational supports. Skill-based orientation, ongoing education, optimized scheduling, role clarity, and mitigators of psychological impacts were identified by respondents as potential facilitators of redeployment and surge models. Conclusion Nurses working within this tiered model experienced high degrees of burnout, with highest prevalence amongst team leads and ICU nurses. Optimization of support for and interventions aimed at improving well-being are important considerations going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kissel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada. https://twitter.com/@kissel_katie
| | - Christine Filipek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emma Folz
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada. https://twitter.com/@emma_folz
| | - Jessica Jenkins
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada; Clinical Associate, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. https://twitter.com/@jessjenkinsNP
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15
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Kissel KA, Filipek C, Jenkins J. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units: A Scoping Review. Crit Care Nurse 2023; 43:55-63. [PMID: 36804825 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2023196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant system strain, requiring rapid redeployment of nurses to intensive care units. Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and surge models on nurses. OBJECTIVE To identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses working in intensive care units. METHODS A scoping review was performed. Articles were excluded if they concerned nurses who were not caring for critically ill adult patients with COVID-19, did not describe impact on nurses, or solely examined workload or expansion of pediatric intensive care units. RESULTS This search identified 417 unique records, of which 55 met inclusion criteria (37 peer-reviewed and 18 grey literature sources). Within the peer-reviewed literature, 42.7% of participants were identified as intensive care unit nurses, 0.65% as redeployed nurses, and 72.4% as women. The predominant finding was the prevalence of negative psychological impacts on nurses, including stress, distress, anxiety, depression, fear, posttraumatic stress disorder, and burnout. Women and members of ethnic minority groups were at higher risk of experiencing negative consequences. Common qualitative themes included the presence of novel changes, negative impacts, and mitigators of harm during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Nurses working in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced adverse psychological outcomes, with unique stressors and challenges observed among both permanent intensive care unit and redeployed nurses. Further research is required to understand the impact of these outcomes over the full duration of the pandemic, among at-risk groups, and within the context of redeployment roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kissel
- Katherine A. Kissel is a clinical nurse specialist, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Filipek
- Christine Filipek is a clinical nurse educator, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services
| | - Jessica Jenkins
- Jessica Jenkins is a nurse practitioner, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services, and a clinical associate, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Heesakkers H, Zegers M, van Mol MM, van den Boogaard M. Mental well-being of intensive care unit nurses after the second surge of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023; 74:103313. [PMID: 36153185 PMCID: PMC9393155 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of the second surge of the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020 to June 2021) on mental well-being of intensive care unit nurses and factors associated with mental health outcomes. METHODS An online survey was available for Dutch intensive care unit nurses in October 2021, measuring mental health symptoms; anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale-6). Additionally, work-related fatigue was measured using the Need For Recovery-11 questionnaire. Previous data from the first surge (March until June 2020) were used to study mental well-being longitudinally in a subgroup of intensive care unit nurses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with mental health symptoms. RESULTS In total, 589 nurses (mean age 44.8 [SD, 11.9], 430 [73.8 %] females) participated, of whom 164 also completed the questionnaire in 2020. After the second surge, 225/589 (38.2 %) nurses experienced one or more mental health symptoms and 294/589 (49.9 %) experienced work-related fatigue. Compared to the first measurement, the occurrence of mental health symptoms remained high (55/164 [33.5 %] vs 63/164 [38.4 %], p = 0.36) and work-related fatigue was significantly higher (66/164 [40.2 %] vs 83/164 [50.6 %], p = 0.02). Granted holidays as requested (aOR, 0.54; 95 % CI, 0.37-0.79), being more confident about the future (aOR, 0.59; 95 % CI, 0.37-0.93) and a better perceived work-life balance (aOR, 0.42; 95 % CI, 0.27-0.65) were significantly associated with less symptoms. CONCLUSION The second surge of the COVID-19 pandemic further drained the mental reserves of intensive care unit nurses, resulting in more work-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Heesakkers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department Intensive Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Zegers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department Intensive Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margo M.C. van Mol
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Intensive Care Adults, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van den Boogaard
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department Intensive Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kolivand P, Hosseindoost S, Kolivand Z, Gharaylou Z. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 2 years after outbreak on mental health of medical workers in Iran. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2023. [PMCID: PMC9840895 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial influence on the mental health of healthcare workers. This study investigated general health status, the prevalence, and the severity of depressive spectrum and anxiety-related disorders. It evaluated the association between various factors and depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers in the Khatam-Alanbia Hospital in Iran, after 2 years since the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Results
In this online cross-sectional study, 409 participants were selected and given a questionnaire about demographic, personal, and clinical characteristics as well as stressors related to COVID-19. The participants completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the 42-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) to report depression, anxiety, and stress/tension levels. We found that the overall incidence of depression, anxiety and stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was 44.25%, 50.62%, and 43.76%, respectively. Participants with severe to very severe depression, anxiety and stress accounted for 19.2%, 26.6%, and 18.2% of the sample, respectively. Being female was associated with higher odds of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Conclusions
Two years after the COVID-19 outbreak, health workers are still showing a significant level of depression, anxiety, stress, and remarkable signs of psychological distress. The situation of a health care worker is worrying. The long-term psychological implications of infectious diseases should not be ignored. Mental health services could play an essential role in rehabilitation.
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18
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Zalcman BG, Pinchas-Mizrachi R, Romem A, Romem A. Well-Being of Israeli Nurse Practitioners During Times of Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231215594. [PMID: 38020317 PMCID: PMC10656802 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231215594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For healthcare workers, good work-related well-being positively affects enthusiasm, efficiency, and job satisfaction. Conversely, poor well-being is associated with burnout and negative patient outcomes. During times of crises, it is difficult to balance professional responsibilities with well-being. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the degree of well-being among nurse practitioners in Israel who worked in COVID-19 units or allied units during the delta wave. Methods This was a web-based, cross-sectional study. Nurse practitioners who worked within the COVID-19 units in Israeli hospitals were asked to complete several questionnaires: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression. Results Forty-nine nurse practitioners participated in the survey. Scores from the Subjective Happiness Scale and the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form indicate that most nurses have relatively positive mental health. Conversely, scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies indicated that participants are at risk for clinical depression. There was a positive moderate association between the number of years worked as a nurse practitioner and depression and a moderate negative association between the number of years worked as a nurse practitioner and happiness. Conclusions Understanding how nurses' mental health is impacted during crises can provide healthcare systems with tools to prevent negative outcomes. This, in turn, may contribute to a lower burnout rate, higher satisfaction from work, and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth G. Zalcman
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Academia, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi
- Fordham Family Programs in Advanced Clinical Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ayal Romem
- Interventional Pulmonary Service, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Anat Romem
- Fordham Family Programs in Advanced Clinical Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem Israel
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19
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Renzi E, Imeshtari V, Masud D, Baccolini V, Migliara G, Gasperini G, De Vito C, Marzuillo C, Villari P, Massimi A. The other side of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study on mental health in a sample of Italian nurses during the second wave. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083693. [PMID: 36937741 PMCID: PMC10015892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic increase in the workload of healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, with serious consequences for their psychological well-being. Our study aimed to identify demographic and work-related factors, as well as clinical predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), in nurses employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study between December 2020 and April 2021 on nurses employed during the COVID-19 second wave (October - December 2020). We evaluated PTSD and GAD using two validated questionnaires: i) the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R); and ii) General Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD-7). Results Overall, 400 nurses, whose mean age was 34.3 years (SD ± 11.7), were included in the study. Most were female (78.5%), unmarried (58.5%) and employed in the central (61.5%) regions of Italy. A total of 56.8% of all participants had clinical predictors of PTSD, recording a median IES-R score (IQR) of 37.0 (22.0, 51.0) (range 1-84; cut-off >33 for PTSD). Furthermore, 50% of respondents reported moderate-to-severe symptoms consistent with GAD, recording a median GAD-7 score (IQR) of 9.5 (6.0,14.0) (range 0-21; cut-off >10 for GAD). Multivariable analysis showed that moderate-to-severe GAD (aOR = 4.54, 95% CI: 2.93 - 7.05), being employed in the critical care area (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.01 - 3.00) and being female (aOR= 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.22) were significantly associated with the presence of clinical predictors of PTSD. Discussion The levels of PTSD symptoms and anxiety among nurses were high during the pandemic. PTSD and GAD represent a public health problem that should be addressed in the post-pandemic period. Healthcare organizations need to activate specific support and rehabilitation networks and programs for healthcare professionals employed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Renzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Erika Renzi,
| | - Valentin Imeshtari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dima Masud
- Emergency Department, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasperini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Umberto I Teaching Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Massimi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Jarden RJ, Sandham M, Siegert RJ, Koziol-McLain J. General well-being of intensive care nurses: A prototype analysis. Nurs Crit Care 2023; 28:89-100. [PMID: 34418247 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prototype analyses of well-being have identified central characteristics and prototypicality for New Zealand teachers, lawyers, adolescents, and work well-being of nurses. What has not yet been explored is the broad construct of well-being in intensive care nurses. AIMS To identify intensive care nurses' conceptions of general well-being and investigate whether their general well-being is prototypically organized. DESIGN Prototype analysis. METHODS Three linked studies conceptualize well-being in this prototype analysis. In study 1, nurses reported features of well-being. Study 2 investigated the organization of these features. Study 3 sought confirmation of prototypical organization. RESULTS Sixty-five New Zealand nurses participated. For study 1 (n = 23), the most frequently reported elements of well-being included physical health (n = 26), work-life balance (n = 20), and personal relationships (n = 18). For study 2 (n = 25), the highest rated elements included mental and emotional health, [general] health, work-life balance, and love. Work-life balance, physical health, and personal relationships were in the top five most frequently reported and were rated in the top 12 most central. Overall, ratings of centrality and the number of times reported were positively correlated (r = 0.33, P < .005). For study 3 (n = 17), confirmatory analyses did not reach statistical significance (P = .15). CONCLUSIONS Physical health, work-life balance, and personal relationships are key characteristics of well-being for intensive care nurses. Mental, emotional, and general health and work-life balance were considered most important for well-being. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Physical health, work-life balance, and personal relationships are key characteristics of well-being for intensive care nurses. These characteristics of the broad construct of well-being are helpful in both defining and identifying conceptual models of well-being that may be used to inform the development and measurement of well-being programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Jarden
- Department of Nursing, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Sandham
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Siegert
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Koziol-McLain
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Fundamental drivers of nurses' experiences of ICU surging during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Curr Opin Crit Care 2022; 28:645-651. [PMID: 36170062 PMCID: PMC9612415 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nurses working in intensive care units have been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review summarizes the current state of the evidence regarding intensive care nurses experience of the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS The pandemic has had an impact on: nursing workload, the organization of nurse staffing, experiences of staff redeployed into ICU, nurses' perceptions of the safety and quality of patient care, and staff health. In the few comparative studies, mental health was worse for nurses than other healthcare workers in intensive care. Despite some of this evidence being published early in the pandemic, no studies were found to evaluate interventions to improve nurses' experiences. SUMMARY IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE OR RESEARCH Many of the adverse impacts of the pandemic are interdependent; for example, reducing nurses' workload is likely to have benefits for mental health indicators.Adverse mental health outcomes are likely to have an impact on future recruitment and retention for intensive care nursing.More studies are needed to understand the longer term impact of the pandemic on intensive care nurses.
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22
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Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Abbasi S, Mardani A, Maleki M, Vlaisavljevic Z. Experiences of intensive care unit nurses working with COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1034624. [PMID: 36466502 PMCID: PMC9710282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1034624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses are at the forefront of fighting and treating the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are often directly exposed to this virus and at risk of disease, due to their direct care for infected patients. This study aims to synthesize the experiences of ICU nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Methods A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies were undertaken. A systematic literature search in four databases, including Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed (including Medline), was performed. Original qualitative studies and the qualitative section of mixed method studies, written in English, which focused on the experiences of only ICU nurses working with COVID-19 patients, were included. Results Seventeen qualitative studies and two mixed-method studies were included in the review. As a result of the inductive content analysis, six main categories were identified, as follows: "distance from holistic nursing," "psychosocial experiences," "efforts for self-protection and wellbeing," "organizational inefficiency," "job burnout," and "emerging new experiences in the workplace." Conclusions The findings from this study suggest that healthcare authorities and policymakers can facilitate the provision of high-quality patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic through appropriate planning to provide adequate support and training, prevent shortages of nursing staff and equipment, and provide adequate attention to the psychological needs and job satisfaction of ICU nurses. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=256070, identifier: CRD42021256070.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Abbasi
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing Education Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mardani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing Education Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Maryam Maleki
| | - Zeljko Vlaisavljevic
- University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Belgrade, Serbia,Department of Nursing, Medical School of Vocational Studies Medika, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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van Beukering IE, Bakker M, Bogaers RI, Janssens KM, Gürbüz S, Joosen MC, Brouwers EP. Psychometric properties of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10) scale in a Dutch sample of employees with mental illness. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:662. [PMID: 36303128 PMCID: PMC9609266 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalized stigma can have numerous negative effects on the well-being and employment of people with mental illness. Brief, valid, and reliable measures are needed to get a better understanding of self-stigmatization. The aim of this study is to translate the brief version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10) scale into a Dutch version and to assess the reliability and validity of this Dutch version in a sample of employees with mental illness. METHODS The ISMI-10 was translated into Dutch using the forward-backward translation procedure. The sample consisted of 161 employees with mental illness. Internal consistency was evaluated and the retest reliability was tested with 68 respondents. The construct validity was evaluated by testing convergent and divergent validity. RESULTS The Dutch ISMI-10 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.83) and good test-retest reliability (r = 0.73). The Dutch ISMI-10 demonstrated excellent convergent validity; high correlations were found between the Dutch ISMI-10 and hope (r = -0.54), anxiety and depression (r = 0.59), self-esteem (r = -0.56), and empowerment (r = - 0.59). Acceptable divergent validity was indicated; small correlations were found between the Dutch ISMI-10 and the physical functioning subscale (r = -0.27) and the role limitation due to physical problems subscale (r = -0.21), and medium correlations were found between the Dutch ISMI-10 and the general health subscale (r = -0.36). CONCLUSION The Dutch ISMI-10 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for assessing internalized stigma and can be used by researchers in Dutch speaking countries to get a better understanding of self-stigmatization among people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. E. van Beukering
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. box 90513, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands ,Netherlands Labour Authority, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - M. Bakker
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - R. I. Bogaers
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. box 90513, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands ,grid.462591.dBrain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defense, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. M.E. Janssens
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. box 90513, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - S. Gürbüz
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. box 90513, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M. C.W. Joosen
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. box 90513, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - E. P.M. Brouwers
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. box 90513, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
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24
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Odachi R, Takahashi S, Sugawara D, Tabata M, Kajiwara T, Hironishi M, Buyo M. The Big Five personality traits and the fear of COVID-19 in predicting depression and anxiety among Japanese nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study in Wakayama prefecture. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276803. [PMID: 36301905 PMCID: PMC9612447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found a relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems. Medical workers caring for COVID-19 patients tend to suffer from mental health problems; however, the impact of their personality traits, in the form of mental problems like depression and anxiety in Japan is unclear. In this study, we investigated the risk of nurses' depression and anxiety, predicted by the fear of COVID-19 and the Big Five personality traits. A total of 417 nurses working in hospitals providing care to COVID-19 patients in Wakayama prefecture of the Kansai region participated in this study. The questionnaires comprised items on nurses' basic characteristics and three scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale 2020, the Big-Five Scale, and the Japanese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Depression and anxiety in the HADS were set as dependent variables, and basic attributes, fear, and personality traits as independent variables; multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The questionnaire, with no missing items was distributed from February to March 2021. Neuroticism (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.03-1.09) was the only significant factor associated with the depression symptom, and both FCV-19S scores (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.09-1.23) and neuroticism (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.06-1.13) were the significant factors associated with anxiety. The Nagelkerke's R squared was 0.171 in the depression model and 0.366 in the anxiety model. Thus, it was found that it is necessary to support nurses' mental health by developing methods suitable to their personalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Odachi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Clinical Research and Education Center, Asakayama General Hospital, Sakai City, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Osaka, Japan
- Wakyamma Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Ito Gun, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Sugawara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kajiwara
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Hironishi
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momoko Buyo
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
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25
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García-Vivar C, Rodríguez-Matesanz I, San Martín-Rodríguez L, Soto-Ruiz N, Ferraz-Torres M, Escalada-Hernández P. Analysis of mental health effects among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:326-340. [PMID: 36270926 PMCID: PMC9874873 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Working on the frontline during the pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of health professionals. A significant proportion experienced anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress or depression. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Analysis and synthesis of the evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses based on their work context. There exists a gap in the literature as no studies were found that analysed the effects on nurses' mental health according to the level of care they worked in (hospital-primary care-nursing home). WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: There is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on the physical and mental well-being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions. ABSTRACT: Introduction Health professionals have suffered negative consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. No review has specifically addressed the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of nurses exclusively according to the work context. Aim To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses who have worked in hospitals, primary care centres and social health centres. Method PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases were searched (Prospero number: CRD42021249513). Out of 706 papers, 31 studies (2020-2021) were included in the systematic review. A qualitative synthesis method was used to analyse the data. Results Most studies were conducted in hospitals or frontline settings. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms was for anxiety 29.55%, depression 38.79%, posttraumatic stress disorder 29.8%, and insomnia 40.66%. Discussion This review highlights the mental health effects among nurses working in acute hospital settings. It also evidences a data gap on mental health effects among nurses working in primary health care and in nursing homes. Implications for practice In the post phase of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact on the mental well-being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Vivar
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irati Rodríguez-Matesanz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Primary Care Research Group, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, IIS Biodonostia, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Leticia San Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nelia Soto-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Ferraz-Torres
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Escalada-Hernández
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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26
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Alves da Silva Duarte A, Assunção Ribeiro KR. Factors associated with stress, anxiety and depression in intensive care nursing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic / Fatores associados ao estresse, ansiedade e depressão na enfermagem intensivista no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. REVISTA DE PESQUISA CUIDADO É FUNDAMENTAL ONLINE 2022. [DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v14.11599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo: descrever por meio da literatura, os fatores associados ao estresse, ansiedade e depressão em profissionais de enfermagem atuantes nos cuidados a pacientes graves acometidos pela COVID-19. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nos recursos informacionais PubMed; Cochrane, LILACS, BDENF, e SciELO utilizando os descritores: COVID-19; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; Saúde Mental; Ansiedade; Enfermagem, com artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: foram selecionados 10 estudos completos para análise interpretativa. Fatores como o desconhecimento da doença, sobrecarga de trabalho, falta de equipamentos de proteção individual dentre outros, foram identificados como principais fatores associados ao desenvolvimento e elevação de ansiedade estresse e depressão em profissionais de enfermagem atuantes nos cuidados aos pacientes graves infectados pela COVID 19. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem experimentaram sofrimento psicológico significativo causado pela pandemia de COVID-19. E que esses sofrimentos, perduram tanto em seu ambiente de trabalho quanto em sua vida pessoal.
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27
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Patrician PA, Bakerjian D, Billings R, Chenot T, Hooper V, Johnson CS, Sables-Baus S. Nurse well-being: A concept analysis. Nurs Outlook 2022; 70:639-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Catalá-Mesón P, Carmona-Monge FJ, García-Hedrera FJ, Gil-Almagro F, Peñacoba-Puente C. Motherhood and mental and physical health in ICU nurses during the confinements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 73:103300. [PMID: 35933251 PMCID: PMC9288964 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Javier Carmona-Monge
- Anesthesiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Fernanda Gil-Almagro
- Critical Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kagan I, Lancman N, Weisbord I. Experiences and psychosocial predictors of professional function among intensive care nurses under the shadow of Covid-19: A mixed-methods study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2022; 54:787-798. [PMID: 35752928 PMCID: PMC9349997 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic led to a sharp rise in morbidity and hospitalizations, and a significant therapeutic burden fell on intensive care units (ICUs). Intensive care nurses reported physical and emotional stress in response to the extra workload caused by caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, at the time of publication of the study, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies that examined uncertainty, stress, or hope in the context of functioning among intensive care nurses. AIM To examine: (a) the challenges of operating and managing intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic among nurse managers in intensive care units, and (b) the relationships between uncertainty, stress, burnout, hope, and professional functioning among intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This mixed-methods study was conducted in intensive care units (ICUs) at a large tertiary medical center in Israel, during February-May 2021. METHODS The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, qualitative data were collected from focus groups attended by 15 senior managerial nurses. The second phase involved a cross-sectional study among 100 staff nurses working in 5 ICUs. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Qualitative data analysis revealed two main themes: (a) challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) positive aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nurses reported high levels of burnout, emotional stress and uncertainty, but moderate State Hope Scale scores, and moderate levels of professional functioning. There were no statistical differences in study variables by exposure to COVID-19 patients. State Hope Scale levels, uncertainty, and burnout variables contributed significantly and explained 46% of the variance of the professional functioning. CONCLUSIONS The intensity of the experiences and psych-social phenomena, is not affected by exposure to treatment of COVID-19 patients. The relationships between the study variables emphasize the importance of initiated and ongoing interventions to reduce uncertainty, address burnout, and strengthen hope. Improvement in these indices may lead to better ICU nurses' professional functioning and their work life well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kagan
- Nursing DepartmentAshkelon Academic CollegeAshkelonIsrael
| | - Natalie Lancman
- Nursing Coordinator, Quality of Care, Rabin Medical CenterClalit Health ServicesTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
| | - Irit Weisbord
- Nursing Director, Intensive Care Division, Rabin Medical CenterClalit Health ServicesTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
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30
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Stafseth SK, Skogstad L, Ræder J, Hovland IS, Hovde H, Ekeberg Ø, Lie I. Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Health Care Personnel in Norwegian ICUs during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Prospective, Observational Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7010. [PMID: 35742259 PMCID: PMC9222786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has induced demanding work situations in intensive care units (ICU). The objective of our study was to survey psychological reactions, the disturbance of social life, work effort, and support in ICU nurses, physicians, and leaders. Methods: From May to July 2020, this cross-sectional study included 484 ICU professionals from 27 hospitals throughout Norway. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured on Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured on the PCL-5. Results: The study population were highly educated and experienced professionals, well prepared for working with COVID-ICU patients. However, 53% felt socially isolated and 67% reported a fear of infecting others. Probable cases of anxiety and depression were found in 12.5% of the registered nurses, 11.6% of the physicians, and 4.1% of the leaders. Younger age and <5 years previous work experiences were predictors for high HSCL-10 scores. Reported symptom-defined PTSD for nurses 7.1%; the leaders, 4.1%; and 2.3% of physicians. Conclusions: ICU health care professionals experienced talking with colleagues as the most helpful source of support. The COVID-ICU leaders reported a significantly higher mean score than physicians and nurses in terms of pushing themselves toward producing high work effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Karlsson Stafseth
- Department of Postoperative and Intensive Care, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- MEVU, Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laila Skogstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Johan Ræder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Strand Hovland
- Department of Acute Medicine, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Haakon Hovde
- The Norwegian Association for Critical Care Nurses, 0152 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Øivind Ekeberg
- Psychosomatic and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Irene Lie
- Centre for Patient-Centered Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway
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31
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Is Team Resilience More Than the Sum of Its Parts? A Quantitative Study on Emergency Healthcare Teams during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126968. [PMID: 35742218 PMCID: PMC9222929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency healthcare workers have come under even more pressure than before, threatening the workers' mental health and the continuity of care delivered by their teams. This study aims to investigate what conditions increase individual and team resilience, referring to the ability to "bounce back" from stressful situations. We also assess whether team resilience is the sum of the individual resilience of team members, or whether other conditions enhance team resilience and thus continuity of care, despite limited individual resilience. We collected survey data from 129 emergency healthcare team members in the Netherlands to examine to what extent transformational leadership and team familiarity influence the level of team resilience, either directly or mediated by individual resilience, accounting for psychological characteristics and social support. The results show two distinct pathways to enhance team resilience, directly by familiarizing team members with each other and by mobilizing family support, and indirectly but with a much weaker effect, by encouraging team members' individual resilience through transformational leadership and staffing optimistic team members with high levels of self-efficacy.
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Qi G, Yuan P, Qi M, Hu X, Shi S, Shi X. Influencing factors of high PTSD among medical staff during COVID-19: evidences from both meta-analysis and subgroup analysis. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:269-278. [PMID: 35784492 PMCID: PMC9233879 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) had a great impact on health care workers during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19). Better knowledge of the prevalence of PTSD and its risk factors is a major public health problem. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and important risk factors of PTSD among medical staff during the COVID-19. Methods The databases were searched for studies published during the COVID-19, and a PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) compliant systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD 42021278970) was carried out to identify articles from multiple databases reporting the prevalence of PTSD outcomes among medical staff. Proportion random effect analysis, I2 statistic, quality assessment, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Results A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and the PTSD results of doctors and nurses were summarized from 14 and 27 studies: the prevalences were 31% (95% CI [confidence interval, CI]: 21%–40%) and 38% (95% CI: 30%–45%) in doctors and nurses, respectively. The results also showed seven risks (p < 0.05): long working hours, isolation wards, COVID-19 symptoms, nurses, women, fear of infection, and pre-existing mental illness. Two factors were of borderline significance: higher professional titles and married. Conclusion Health care workers have a higher prevalence of PTSD during COVID-19. Health departments should provide targeted preventive measures for medical staff away from PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojia Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shangpeng Shi
- Department of Quality Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Center for Injury Research and Policy & Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China.
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de Bot CMA, de Vos AJBM. Three-Questions-Method for Coping with the Emotional Burden of Nurses and Nursing Students during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6538. [PMID: 35682125 PMCID: PMC9180629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and nursing students experienced an emotional burden while working during the COVID-19 outbreak. During the COVID-19 outbreak three questions for nurses working under these extreme circumstances were formulated: 1. What today's events do you remember? 2. How do you feel (physically and mentally)? 3. Do you have enough support? The purpose of this study was to obtain insight into whether nurses and nursing students perceive that the use of the three-questions-method contributes to effective coping with the emotional burden during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS Focus group interviews were held with hospital nurses (n = 11) and nursing students with internships in mental health care (n = 2), hospital (n = 9), and homecare/nursing home care (n = 3) in September 2020 followed by twenty semi-structured interviews one year later. RESULTS Almost all nurses and nursing students named factors that contributed to the emotional burden: fear, powerlessness, frustration, lack of knowledge about COVID-19, and pressure to pass the internship. Participants indicated that using the three-questions-method can help to effectively cope with the emotional burden during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSIONS Using the three-questions-method offers added value in coping with emotional burden and can be used in education as well as in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M. A. de Bot
- School of Health Studies, Avans University of Applied Sciences, 4818 CR Breda, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemarie J. B. M. de Vos
- School of Health Studies, Avans University of Applied Sciences, 4818 CR Breda, The Netherlands;
- Amphia Hospital, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands
- Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
- School of Health Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, 5631 BN Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Nilsson U, Odom-Forren J, Ring M, van Kooten H, Brady JM. Stress of conscience of COVID-19 among perianaesthesia nurses having worked in a COVID-ICU during the coronavirus pandemic: an international perspective. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:82. [PMID: 35392899 PMCID: PMC8986967 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported that working in a COVID-ICU impacted nurses’ mental well-being. Yet little is known about how perianaesthesia nurses who have been working in a COVID-ICU perceived their stress of conscience. The aim of this study was to: (1) describe and compare stress related to troubled conscience among perianaesthesia nurses in three countries who have been working in a COVID-ICU during the pandemic, (2) compare their levels of troubled conscience between working in a COVID-ICU and their usual workplace, and (3) compare nurses that usually work in an ICU department with nurses who usually work outside of the ICU. Methods A descriptive, international cross‐sectional online survey including the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ) was distributed between organizational member countries of the International Collaboration of PeriAnaesthesia Nurses. Results A total of 246 nurses from three countries participated. Significant differences were found in stress of conscience when working in the Covid-ICU between Sweden 31.8 (8.6), Denmark 23.1 (8.6), and Netherlands 16.4 (6.5) p < 0.001. Significant differences were also found between nurses working in a COVID-ICU in contrast with their usual workplace: 23.1(5.6) versus 17.7(5.3), p < 0.001. The most stressful aspect of conscience reported was that work in the COVID-ICU was so demanding, nurses did not have sufficient energy to be involved with their family as much as they desired. No statistical differences were found between nurses that usually work in an ICU department with nurses who usually work outside of the ICU. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted stress of conscience among nurses working in the COVID-ICU. Swedish nurses were found to be more significantly impacted. This could be related to low numbers of existing ICU beds and ICU nurses prior to the pandemic necessitating a longer time required for working in a COVID-ICU. Stress of conscience also increased when working in the Covid-ICU compared to working in the usual workplace, and the most stressing aspect reported was that COVID-ICU work was so demanding that nurses did not have the energy to devote themselves to their family as they would have liked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrica Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, and Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Odom-Forren
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mette Ring
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Aalborg University Hospital, North Denmark Region, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Joni M Brady
- International Collaboration of PeriAnaesthesia Nurses, Alexandria, USA
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van Dijk Y, Janus SIM, de Boer MR, Achterberg WP, Roelen CAM, Zuidema SU. Job Demands, Work Functioning and Mental Health in Dutch Nursing Home Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074379. [PMID: 35410060 PMCID: PMC8998775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 posed enormous challenges for nursing home staff, which may have caused stress and mental health problems. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of mental health problems among nursing home staff and investigate the differences in job demands, work functioning and mental health between staff with and without COVID contact or COVID infection and across different levels of COVID worries. In this cross-sectional study, 1669 employees from 10 nursing home organizations filled in an online questionnaire between June and September 2020. The questionnaire measured the participants’ characteristics, COVID contact, infection and worries, job demands, work functioning, depressive symptoms and burnout. Differences were investigated with multilevel models to account for clustering at the organization level. Of the participants, 19.1% had high levels of depressive symptoms and 22.2% burnout. Job demands, work functioning, depressive symptoms and burnout differed between participants who never worried and participants who often or always worried about the COVID crisis. Differences were smaller for participants with and without COVID contact or infection. Most models improved when clustering was accounted for. Nursing homes should be aware of the impact of COVID worries on job demands, work functioning and mental health, both at the individual and organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylse van Dijk
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.I.M.J.); (M.R.d.B.); (S.U.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah I. M. Janus
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.I.M.J.); (M.R.d.B.); (S.U.Z.)
| | - Michiel R. de Boer
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.I.M.J.); (M.R.d.B.); (S.U.Z.)
| | - Wilco P. Achterberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Corne A. M. Roelen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sytse U. Zuidema
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.I.M.J.); (M.R.d.B.); (S.U.Z.)
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van den Boogaard M, Zegers M. Mental preparedness for prolonged periods of high workload - what did we learn from the covid-19 pandemic? Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 71:103258. [PMID: 35595605 PMCID: PMC8989870 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gee PM, Weston MJ, Harshman T, Kelly LA. Beyond Burnout and Resilience: The Disillusionment Phase of COVID-19. AACN Adv Crit Care 2022; 33:134-142. [PMID: 35179561 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2022248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are experiencing a crisis of emotional highs and lows that will have lasting implications for their professional and personal well-being. As a result, much attention has been focused on nurse burnout, but the range of nurses' experiences is more nuanced, complicated, and profound. With the recognition that the nursing workforce was already experiencing burnout before the pandemic, this article explores how individuals respond to disasters and the detrimental effects of the repeated surges of critically ill patients, which have led nurses to experience an extended period of disillusionment that includes secondary traumatic stress, cumulative grief, and moral distress. This article describes the range of psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic so that nurse leaders can better identify resources and interventions to support nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry M Gee
- Perry M. Gee is Nurse-Scientist, Intermountain Healthcare, 36 S State St, Salt Lake City, UT 84111
| | - Marla J Weston
- Marla J. Weston is Chief Executive Officer, Weston Consulting LLC, Washington, DC
| | - Tom Harshman
- Tom Harshman is System Vice President, Pastoral and Spiritual Care, CommonSpirit Health, San Francisco, California
| | - Lesly A Kelly
- Lesly A. Kelly is Nurse-Scientist, CommonSpirit Health, Phoenix, Arizona
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Jensen HI, Åkerman E, Lind R, Alfheim HB, Frivold G, Fridh I, Ågård AS. Conditions and strategies to meet the challenges imposed by the COVID-19-related visiting restrictions in the intensive care unit: A Scandinavian cross-sectional study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 68:103116. [PMID: 34391628 PMCID: PMC8310723 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine conditions and strategies to meet the challenges imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related visiting restrictions in Scandinavian intensive care units. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. SETTING Adult intensive care units in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Likert scale responses and free-text comments within six areas: capacity and staffing, visiting policies and access to the unit, information and conferences with relatives, written information, children as relatives and follow-up initiatives. RESULTS The overall response rate was 53% (74/140 participating units). All intensive care units had planned for capacity extensions; the majority ranging between 11 and 30 extra beds. From March-June 2020, units had a mean maximum of 9.4 COVID-19 patients simultaneously. Allowing restricted visiting was more common in Denmark (52%) and Norway (61%) than in Sweden where visiting was mostly denied except for dying patients (68%), due to a particular increased number of COVID-19 patients. The restrictions forced nurses to compromise on their usual standards of family care. Numerous models for maintaining contact between relatives and patients were described. CONCLUSION Visitation restrictions compromised the quality of family care and entailed dilemmas for healthcare professionals but also spurred initiatives to developing new ways of providing family care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Irene Jensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Eva Åkerman
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranveig Lind
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Gro Frivold
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Isabell Fridh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgery, and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
| | - Anne Sophie Ågård
- Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Science in Nursing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Promoting and Risk Factors of Nurses' Hardiness Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an Italian Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031523. [PMID: 35162544 PMCID: PMC8835395 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Few studies in the literature specifically address the hardiness of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the hardiness levels in an Italian cohort of nurses. The secondary aims were to assess the level of hardiness in nurses directly caring for patients with COVID-19 and to verify the presence of related risk and promoting factors. Methods: A descriptive and explorative study was performed through an online survey from March to July 2020. The survey was composed of a multiple answer questionnaire with open, closed, and semi-closed-ended questions. Hardiness and anxiety were assessed using two psychometric instruments: the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Results: A total of 1250 nurses completed the questionnaire entirely (92.3% of respondents). The average length of service was 17.8 ± 11.5 years. A decrease in the hardiness was recorded after the first wave of COVID-19 if compared to the baseline (mean Δ DRS-15 total = 1.3 ± 5.0), whereas in the subsample of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, the total hardiness level decreased more consistently (mean Δ DRS Total = 1.9 + 5.3). Multivariate analysis showed that high levels of anxiety were risk factors for reducing hardiness. In contrast, anxiety, when associated with a greater length of service, was a promoting factor for the increase in hardiness. Conclusions: The correlation between anxiety and years of length of service appears to be pivotal. Future research should focus on the role of anxiety to establish its actual role as a predictor of hardiness.
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Does context have a dramatic effect on results of mental health outcomes of ICU and non-ICU healthcare workers during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak? Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 70:103208. [PMID: 35177273 PMCID: PMC8801768 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jensen HI, Thude BR, Boye LK, Gram BV, Primdahl J, Elkjaer M, Specht K. A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 pandemic-related organizational aspects in health care. Nurs Open 2021; 9:1136-1146. [PMID: 34913276 PMCID: PMC8859060 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study explores how healthcare professionals included in the COVID‐19 contingency plan experienced organizational changes, and explores factors associated with the experiences. Additionally, the study aimed to identify learning points for future similar scenarios. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods A questionnaire survey of healthcare professionals at three Danish hospitals, June 2020. Results A total of 1,448 healthcare professionals completed the questionnaire. Hereof, 813 (57%) were relocated to new settings/new jobs. The majority experienced that their relocation was totally (49%) or partially (31%) imposed, and 51% reported that the overall experience of the new job function was satisfactory. Type of profession and whether relocation to the new job function was imposed were the main variables associated with the overall experience of being part of the contingency plan. Suggestions for future scenarios included training adjusted to individual competencies, more targeted information, voluntariness with consideration of individual needs and clarification of expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Irene Jensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bettina Ravnborg Thude
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sonderborg and Tonder, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Lilian Keene Boye
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Bibi Valgerdur Gram
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Health Sciences, University hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jette Primdahl
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Mette Elkjaer
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Specht
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
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Abstract
Background: Intensive care unit nurses are providing care to COVID-19 patients in a stressful environment. Understanding intensive care unit nurses’ sources of distress is important when planning interventions to support them. Purpose: To describe Canadian intensive care unit nurse experiences providing care to COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic. Design: Qualitative descriptive component within a larger mixed-methods study. Participants and research context: Participants were invited to write down their experiences of a critical incident, which distressed them when providing nursing care. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the ethics committee at the researchers’ university in eastern Canada. Results: A total of 111 critical incidents were written by 108 nurses. Four themes were found: (1) managing the pandemic, (2) witness to families’ grief, (3) our safety, and (4) futility of care. Many nurses’ stories also focused on the organizational preparedness of their institutions and concerns over their own safety. Discussion: Nurses experienced moral distress in relation to family and patient issues. Situations related to insufficient institutional support, patient, and family traumas, as well as safety issues have left nurses deeply distressed. Conclusion: Identifying situations that distress intensive care unit nurses can lead to targeted interventions mitigating their negative consequences by providing a safe work environment and improving nurses’ well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rhéaume
- Ann Rhéaume, School of Nursing, Université de Moncton, 51 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
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Andersson M, Nordin A, Engström Å. Critical care nurses' experiences of working during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic - Applying the Person-centred Practice Framework. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021; 69:103179. [PMID: 34895797 PMCID: PMC8595352 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to deductively study person-centred care, based on critical care nurses' experiences during the first phase of the CoViD-19 pandemic. DESIGN The study used a qualitative design. METHOD Data collection was conducted as individual interviews and was analysed with qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach. PARTICIPANTS Six critical care nurses working in a special CoViD-19 intensive care unit during the first phase of the pandemic participated. FINDINGS The findings are presented within the four domains of person-centred practice: the prerequisites, the care environment, person-centred processes and person-centred outcomes. While the ambition and knowledge about how to work in accordance with person-centred practice were high, there were several obstacles to perform it. CONCLUSION We need to prepare ahead of time so that nurses have optimal organisational prerequisites to be able to work in accordance with person-centred practice, also during pandemics and other crisis, which means to be able to give nursing care in accordance with the ill person's needs and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andersson
- Lulea University of Technology, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordin
- Lulea University of Technology, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden; Karlstad University, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health, Science, and Technology, Sweden
| | - Åsa Engström
- Lulea University of Technology, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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Stalpers D, Tilburgs B, van Mol M. Take control by letting go? Sustainable employability of nurses in Intensive Care Units. Nurs Crit Care 2021; 27:625-627. [PMID: 34647395 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Stalpers
- Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bram Tilburgs
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Margo van Mol
- Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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van Mol M, de Veer M, de Pagter A, Kouwenhoven-Pasmooij TA, Hoogendijk WJG, Busschbach JJV, Oude Hengel K, Kranenburg L. Vitality, resilience and the need for support among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: study protocol of a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049090. [PMID: 34625413 PMCID: PMC8503920 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the physical and mental functioning of healthcare professionals, especially those working on the 'frontline', and other hospital workers. At the onset of the crisis, various interventions were introduced to promote resilience and offer mental support to these professionals. However, it is unknown whether the interventions will meet the needs of professionals as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.The goal of this exploratory study is to gain insight in factors that protect the vitality and resilience of Dutch hospital employees during the so-called 'second wave' of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the study protocol. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This exploratory study applies a mixed-methods design, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. The first part of the study (substudy I) consists of surveys among doctors and nurses in COVID-19 departments and non-COVID-19 departments, and other professionals in the hospital (ie, managers and homeworkers) in 2020 and 2021. The second part of the study (substudy II) consists of focus groups and interviews among professionals of the intensive care unit, COVID-19 departments and infection prevention units. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The research protocol for this study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (MEC-2020-0705). The outcomes of this study will be used to develop and implement interventions to support hospital employees maintaining their vitality and resilience during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Employees with vitality experience less work-related stress and make a positive contribution to healthcare quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo van Mol
- Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs de Veer
- Department of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Pagter
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan J van Busschbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Oude Hengel
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scrientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonieke Kranenburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barrett
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Roberta Heale
- School of Nursing, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Binnie A, Moura K, Moura C, D’Aragon F, Tsang JLY. Psychosocial distress amongst Canadian intensive care unit healthcare workers during the acceleration phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254708. [PMID: 34383781 PMCID: PMC8360506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive care unit healthcare workers (ICU HCW) are at risk of mental health issues during emerging disease outbreaks. A study of ICU HCW from France revealed symptoms of anxiety and depression in 50.4% and 30.4% of workers at the peak of the first wave of the pandemic. The level of COVID-19 exposure of these ICU HCW was very high. In Canada, ICU HCW experienced variable exposure to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic, with some hospitals seeing large numbers of patients while others saw few or none. In this study we examined the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and mental health in Canadian ICU HCW. We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of Canadian ICU HCW in April 2020, during the acceleration phase of the first wave of the pandemic. Psychosocial distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Participants were asked about sources of stress as well as about exposure to COVID-19 patients and availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). Factors associated with clinically-relevant psychosocial distress were identified. Responses were received from 310 Canadian ICU HCW affiliated with more than 30 institutions. Of these, 64.5% scored ≥ 3 points on the GHQ-12 questionnaire, indicating clinically-relevant psychosocial distress. The frequency of psychosocial distress was highest amongst registered nurses (75.7%) and lowest amongst physicians (49.4%). It was also higher amongst females (64.9%) than males (47.6%). Although PPE availability was good (> 80% of participants reported adequate availability), there was significant anxiety with respect to PPE availability, with respect to the risk of being infected with COVID-19, and with respect to the risk of transmitting COVID-19 to others. In multivariable regression analysis, Anxiety with respect to being infected with COVID-19 (OR 1.53, CI 1.31–1.81) was the strongest positive predictor of clinically-relevant psychosocial distress while the Number of shifts with COVID-19 exposure (OR 0.86, CI 0.75–0.95) was the strongest negative predictor. In summary, clinically-relevant psychosocial distress was identified amongst a majority of ICU HCW during the acceleration phase of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, including those with minimal or no exposure to COVID-19. Strategies to support mental health amongst ICU HCW are required across the entire healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Binnie
- William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyra Moura
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Moura
- School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédérick D’Aragon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Y. Tsang
- Niagara Health, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Niagara Regional Campus, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Gormez A, Elbay RY, Cag Y. Has COVID-19 taken a heavier toll on the mental health of ICU nurses? Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021; 65:103042. [PMID: 33867242 PMCID: PMC7969822 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Gormez
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Yeni Elbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Cag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Jamebozorgi MH, Karamoozian A, Bardsiri TI, Sheikhbardsiri H. Nurses Burnout, Resilience, and Its Association With Socio-Demographic Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:803506. [PMID: 35095618 PMCID: PMC8795765 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.803506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent pandemic, nurses have faced workload and being exposed to burnout. Resilience helps address work-related psychological problems such as stressful events and burnout. According to the roles of nurses in the healthcare system, we investigated the relationship between resiliency and burnout in nurses. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 364 nurses participated from April to June 2021. Census sampling was used to recruit participants. Maslach burnout inventory (MBI), Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CDRISC), and a demographic check-list were utilized to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis, and generalized linear model were applied accordingly. RESULTS Overall, the findings showed that nurses had severe symptoms of burnout and a moderate level of resilience. The two domains of burnout, emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment had a significantly negative correlation with resilience (r = -0.442, p < 0.001 and r = -0.351, p = 0.03, respectively). Linear regression showed that demographic characteristics (Hospital type, ward type, gender, and overtime) were the major predictors of the 3 sub-categories of burnout. A significant negative correlation was observed between burnout and resilience highlighting the role of resilience in reducing burnout (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In order to help nurses to tackle and endure burnout in pandemic times, there is a need to implement national and local policies to help them accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tayebe Ilaghinezhad Bardsiri
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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