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Kr Deshwal G, Fenelon M, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Huppertz T. Influence of calcium sequestering salt type and concentration on the characteristics of processed cheese made from Gouda cheese of different ages. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114587. [PMID: 38945567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The effect of 90, 180 and 270 mEq/kg of the calcium sequestering salts (CSS) disodium phosphate (DSP), trisodium citrate (TSC) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) on the solubilisation of proteins and minerals and the rheological and textural properties of processed cheese (PC) prepared from Gouda cheese ripened for 30-150 d at 8°C was studied. The solubilisation of individual caseins and Ca and the maximum loss tangent during temperature sweeps of PC made from Gouda cheese increased, while hardness of PC decreased with ripening duration of the Gouda cheese. Levels of soluble Ca in PC increased with increasing concentration of TSC and SHMP, but decreased with increasing concentration of DSP. The solubilisation of casein and Ca due to ripening of Gouda cheese used for manufacturing PC could explain the changes in texture and loss tangent of PC. The results suggest that DSP, TSC or SHMP in PC formulation can form insoluble Ca-phosphate, soluble Ca-citrate or insoluble casein-Ca-HMP complexes, respectively, that influence casein solubilisation differently and together with levels of residual intact casein determine the functional attributes of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kr Deshwal
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland; Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mark Fenelon
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
| | - Laura G Gómez-Mascaraque
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818, LE, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
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Deshwal GK, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Fenelon M, Huppertz T. Soluble Salts in Processed Cheese Prepared with Citrate- and Phosphate-Based Calcium Sequestering Salts. Molecules 2024; 29:3631. [PMID: 39125035 PMCID: PMC11314599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the protein and salts distribution (Ca, P, Na and Mg) in processed cheese (PC) samples prepared with 180 or 360 mEq/kg of the calcium sequestering salts (CSS) disodium phosphate (DSP), disodium pyrophosphate (DSPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and trisodium citrate (TSC) was studied. For this purpose, a water-soluble extract (WSE) of PC samples was prepared. All PC samples contained 45-46% moisture, 26-27% fat and 20-21% protein and had a pH of 5.2 or 5.7. Ultracentrifugation slightly reduced the protein content of the WSE of PC, indicating that most protein in the WSE was non-sedimentable. At equal concentration of CSS, the protein content of the WSE was higher for PC at pH 5.7 compared to PC at pH 5.2. Approximately 55-85% of the Ca and P in the WSE of samples was 10 kDa-permeable for PC prepared with DSPP and SHMP. This suggests that the formation of non-permeable Ca-polyphosphate-casein complexes. For PC prepared with TSC, >90% of Ca in the WSE was 10 kDa-permeable, indicating that micellar disruption arises from sequestration of micellar Ca. These results indicate that the WSE method is an appropriate method to understand how salts present in PC are distributed. However, the WSE and ultracentrifugal supernatant of the WSE can include both soluble and protein-associated salts. Therefore, determining levels of salts in 10 kDa permeate of ultracentrifugal supernatant of the WSE is most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kr Deshwal
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark Fenelon
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
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3
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Riebel B, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Lucey JA. Functionality of process cheese made from Cheddar cheese with various rennet levels and high-pressure processing treatments. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:74-90. [PMID: 37709025 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to its versatility and shelf stability, process cheese is gaining interest in many developing countries. The main structural component (base) of most processed cheese formulations is young Cheddar cheese that has high levels of intact casein. Exporting natural Cheddar cheese base from the United States to distant overseas markets would require the aging process to be slowed or reduced. As Cheddar cheese ripens, the original structure is broken down by proteolysis and solubilization of insoluble calcium phosphate. We explored the effect of varying rennet levels (we also used a less proteolytic rennet) and application of high-pressure processing (HPP) to Cheddar cheese, as we hoped these treatments might limit proteolysis and concomitant loss of intact casein. To try to retain high levels of insoluble Ca, all experimental cheeses were made with a high-draining pH and from concentrated milk. To compare our intact casein results with current practices, we manufactured a Cheddar cheese that was prepared according to typical industry methods (i.e., use of unconcentrated milk, calf chymosin [higher levels], and low draining pH value [∼6.2]). All experimental cheeses were made from ultrafiltered milk with protein and casein contents of ∼5.15% and 4.30%, respectively. Three (low) rennet levels were used: control (38 international milk clotting units/mL of rennet per 250 kg of milk), and 25% and 50% reduced from this level. All experimental cheeses had similar moisture contents (∼37%) and total Ca levels. Four days after cheese was made, half of the experimental samples from each vat underwent HPP at 600 MPa for 3 min. Cheddar cheese functionality was monitored during aging for 240 d at 4°C. Cheddar cheese base was used to prepare process cheese after aging for 14, 60, 120, 180, and 240 d. Loss tangent (LT) values of cheese during heating were measured by small strain oscillatory rheology. Intact casein levels were measured using the Kjeldahl method. Acid or base titrations were used to determine the buffering capacity and insoluble Ca levels as a percentage of total Ca. The LTmax values (an index of meltability) in process cheese increased with aging for all the cheese bases; the HPP treatment significantly decreased LTmax values of both base (natural) and process cheeses. All experimental cheeses had much higher levels of intact casein compared with typical industry-make samples. Process cheese made from the experimental treatments had visually higher stretching properties than process cheese made from Cheddar with the typical industry-make procedure. Residual rennet activity was not affected by rennet level, but the rate of proteolysis was slightly slower with lower rennet levels. The HPP treatment of Cheddar cheese reduced residual rennet activity and decreased the reduction of intact casein levels. The HPP treatment of Cheddar cheese resulted in process cheeses that had slightly higher hardness values, lower LTmax values, and retained higher storage modulus values at 70°C. We also observed that the other make procedures we used in all experimental treatments (i.e., using a less proteolytic chymosin, using a concentrated cheese milk, and maintaining a high draining pH value) had a major effect on retaining high levels of intact casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Riebel
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S Govindasamy-Lucey
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - J J Jaeggi
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - J A Lucey
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
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Li H, Zhang L, Jia Y, Yuan Y, Li H, Cui W, Yu J. Application of whey protein emulsion gel microparticles as fat replacers in low-fat yogurt: Applicability of vegetable oil as the oil phase. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9404-9416. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Reale E, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Lu Y, Johnson M, Jaeggi J, Molitor M, Lucey J. Slower proteolysis in Cheddar cheese made from high-protein cheese milk is due to an elevated whey protein content. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9367-9386. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Chawanji A, Holroyd SE, Nickless E. Raman confocal microscopy to assess changes in cheddar cheese during maturation. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Chawanji
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre PO Box 11 029 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Stephen E Holroyd
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre PO Box 11 029 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Nickless
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre PO Box 11 029 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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Li S, Zhang Y, Li X, Yin P, Wang T, Li Y, Zhang K, Sheng H, Lu S, Ji H, Fan Z, Li B. The Effect of the Ratio of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae DL6–20 and Kluyveromyces marxianus B13–5 Addition on Cheese Quality. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900394. [PMID: 35814701 PMCID: PMC9260010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kazakh cheese is a traditional dairy product in Xinjiang, China. The function and potential probiotic characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DL6–20 and Kluyveromyces marxianus B13–5 in Kazakh cheese and its contribution to cheese fermentation was studied. In this study, the effect of the addition ratio of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing S. cerevisiae DL6–20 and K. marxianus B13–5 on cheese quality was investigated. Cheeses were prepared by fermentations with a total of six treatments: comercial culture alone as control (CS), a combination with one yeast, either; K. marxianus B13–5 (CSM); S. cerevisiae DL6–20 (CSS); and three different proportions of this two yeasts (CSM:CSS 1:1, 1:2, 2:1). We measured the GABA content of cheese, as well as basic physical and chemical indicators, microbial content, free amino acid (FAA) content, texture, and flavor compound content. The total FAA content of mixed bacteria fermentation was higher than that of the single bacteria alone. The GABA content CSM:CSS 1:2 GABA content was 0.114 g/100 g, CSM:CSS 2:1 GABA content was 0.12 g/100 g, CSM:CSS1:1 content of GABA produced in the late ripening period of cheese was the highest, reaching 0.189 g/100 g and the number of LAB and yeasts in CSM:CSS 1:1 was higher than that of other cheeses. The mixed-strain fermentation generally produced cheeses with a higher protein content than that of the single-strain fermentation in the late stage of the maturation process, especially the protein content of CSM:CSS 1:1 during the ripening period, when the protein content was highest at day 50. CSM:CSS 1:1 had a low moisture content, making it easy to store. With the exception of water and protein content, there is no significant difference in other physical and chemical indicators. CSM:CSS 1:1 contributed to the formation of cheese texture. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis indicated that mixed-strain fermentation was beneficial to the production of cheese aroma, with the aroma production performance of CSM:CSS 1:2 and CSM:CSS 2:1 found to be better than that of CSM: CSS 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Luohe, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Zhoukou Vocational College of Arts and Science, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Guangdong Yikewei Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tengbin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Analysis and Testing Research Institute, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yandie Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Huayang Sheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shiling Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhexin Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Baokun Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Baokun Li,
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8
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Felfoul I, Bouazizi A, Attia H, Karoui R. Monitoring of acid-induced coagulation of dromedary and cow's milk using different complementary analytical techniques. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Grasso N, Roos Y, Crowley S, Arendt E, O'Mahony J. Composition and physicochemical properties of commercial plant-based block-style products as alternatives to cheese. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ross MM, Crowley SV, Crotty S, Oliveira J, Morrison AP, Kelly AL. Parameters affecting the printability of 3D-printed processed cheese. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Ibáñez RA, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Johnson ME, McSweeney PLH, Lucey JA. Effect of lactose standardization of milk using low-concentration factor ultrafiltration: Effect of reducing the lactose-to-casein ratio on the properties of milled-curd Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8467-8478. [PMID: 34001358 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pH of cheese is determined by the amount of lactose fermented and the buffering capacity of the cheese. The buffering capacity of cheese is largely determined by the protein contents of milk and cheese and the amount of insoluble calcium phosphate in the curd, which is related to the rate of acidification. The objective of this study was to standardize both the lactose and casein contents of milk to better control final pH and prevent the development of excessive acidity in Cheddar cheese. This approach involved the use of low-concentration factor ultrafiltration of milk to increase the casein content (∼5%), followed by the addition of water, ultrafiltration permeate, or both to the retentate to adjust the lactose content. We evaluated milks with 4 different lactose-to-casein ratios (L:CN): 1.8 (control milk), 1.4, 1.1, and 0.9. All cheesemilks had similar total casein (2.3%) and fat (3.4%) contents. These milks were used to make milled-curd Cheddar cheese, and we evaluated cheese composition, texture, functionality, and sensory properties over 9 mo of ripening. Cheeses made from milks with varying levels of L:CN had similar moisture, protein, fat, and salt contents, due to slight modifications during manufacture (i.e., cutting the gel at a smaller size than control) as well as control of acid development at critical steps (i.e., cutting the gel, whey drainage, salting). As expected, decreasing the L:CN led to cheeses with lower lactic acid, residual lactose, and insoluble Ca contents, as well as a substantial pH increase during cheese ripening in cheeses. The L:CN ratio had no significant effect on the levels of primary and secondary proteolysis. Texture profile analysis showed no significant differences in hardness values during ripening. Maximum loss tangent, an index of cheese meltability, was lower until 45 d for the L:CN 1.4 and 0.9 treatments, but after 45 d, all reduced L:CN cheeses had higher maximum loss tangent values than the control cheese (L:CN 1.8). Sensory analyses showed that cheeses made from milks with reduced L:CN contents had lower acidity, sourness, sulfury notes, and chewdown cohesiveness. Standardization of milk to a specific L:CN ratio, while maintaining a constant casein level in the milk, would allow Cheddar cheese manufacturers to have tighter control of pH and acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Ibáñez
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
| | | | - John J Jaeggi
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Mark E Johnson
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Paul L H McSweeney
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337, Ireland
| | - John A Lucey
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706; Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
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12
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Wen P, Zhu Y, Luo J, Wang P, Liu B, Du Y, Jiao Y, Hu Y, Chen C, Ren F, Alejandro CU, Li Y. Effect of anthocyanin-absorbed whey protein microgels on physicochemical and textural properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:228-242. [PMID: 33189294 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reduced-fat foods have become more popular due to their health benefits; however, reducing the fat content of food affects the sensory experience. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sensory acceptance of reduced-fat foods to that of full-fat equivalents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding whey protein microgels (WPM) with an average diameter of 4 μm, or WPM with adsorbed anthocyanins [WPM (Ant)] on the textural and sensory properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese (RFC). Reduced-fat Cheddar cheese was prepared in 2 ways: (1) by adding WPM, designated as RFC+M, or (2) by adding WPM (Ant), designated as RFC+M (Ant). For comparison, RFC without fat substitutes and full-fat Cheddar cheese were also prepared. We discovered that the addition of WPM and WPM (Ant) increased the moisture content, fluidity, and meltability of RFC, and reduced its hardness, springiness, and chewiness. The textural and sensory characteristics of RFC were markedly inferior to those of full-fat Cheddar cheese, whereas addition of WPM and WPM (Ant) significantly improved the sensory characteristics of RFC. The WPM and WPM (Ant) showed a high potential as fat substitutes and anthocyanin carriers to effectively improve the acceptance of reduced-fat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yizheng Du
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaoyao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Calderón-Urrea Alejandro
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno 93740
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Reale E, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Johnson M, Jaeggi J, Molitor M, Lu Y, Lucey J. Effects of the depletion of whey proteins from unconcentrated milk using microfiltration on the yield, functionality, and nutritional profile of Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9906-9922. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Li B, Waldron DS, Tobin JT, Subhir S, Kelly AL, McSweeney PL. Evaluation of production of Cheddar cheese from micellar casein concentrate. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Changes in water mobility and protein stabilization of Mozzarella cheese made under different stretching temperatures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Expanding solid-state phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance insights into Mozzarella cheese ageing. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Alinovi M, Cordioli M, Francolino S, Locci F, Ghiglietti R, Monti L, Tidona F, Mucchetti G, Giraffa G. Effect of fermentation-produced camel chymosin on quality of Crescenza cheese. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Zouari A, Marchesseau S, Chevalier-Lucia D, Raffard G, Ayadi MA, Picart-Palmade L. Acid gelation of raw and reconstituted spray-dried dromedary milk: A dynamic approach of gel structuring. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Guggisberg D, Winkler H, Bütikofer U, Fröhlich-Wyder MT, Egger L, Badertscher R, Wechsler D. Influence of chemical and biochemical characteristics on the texture of Appenzeller ® cheese. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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From firm to fluid – Structure-texture relations of filled gels probed under Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stankey JA, Lu Y, Abdalla A, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Ø Mikkelsen B, Pedersen KT, Andersen CB. Low-fat Cheddar cheese made using microparticulated whey proteins: Effect on yield and cheese quality. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stankey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Abdelmoneim Abdalla
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- College of Agriculture; South Valley University; 83523 Qena Egypt
| | - Selvarani Govindasamy-Lucey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - John J Jaeggi
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1605 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Bente Ø Mikkelsen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S; Soenderhoej 10-12 8260 Viby J Denmark
| | | | - Claus B Andersen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S; Soenderhoej 10-12 8260 Viby J Denmark
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22
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Faber T, Jaishankar A, McKinley G. Describing the firmness, springiness and rubberiness of food gels using fractional calculus. Part II: Measurements on semi-hard cheese. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Moynihan A, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Molitor M, Jaeggi J, Johnson M, McSweeney P, Lucey J. Effect of standardizing the lactose content of cheesemilk on the properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7791-7802. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Hartmann K, Samudrala R, Hofmann T, Schieberle P, Hitzmann B, Hinrichs J. Thermo-physical parameters applied for instrumental profiling and statistical evaluation of German Emmental cheese. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Schenkel P, Hartmann KI, Samudrala R, Hinrichs J. Characterization of Commercial Cheese Regarding Thermophysical Properties and Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Elaborate Product Mapping. J Texture Stud 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schenkel
- Project Coordination R&D and Technology Development; Emmi Schweiz AG; Stationsstraße 21 6252 Dagmersellen Switzerland
| | - Katja I. Hartmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstraße 21 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ravi Samudrala
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstraße 21 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstraße 21 70599 Stuttgart Germany
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26
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Vavrusova M, Liang R, Skibsted LH. Thermodynamics of dissolution of calcium hydroxycarboxylates in water. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5675-81. [PMID: 24869479 DOI: 10.1021/jf501453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility of calcium l-lactate, calcium d-gluconate, and calcium d-lactobionate increases with temperature (10-30 °C investigated), most significantly for the least soluble d-gluconate, while the calcium ion activity of the saturated solutions decreases with temperature, as measured electrochemically, most significantly for the most soluble d-lactobionate. This unusual behavior is discussed in relation to dairy processing and explained by endothermic binding of calcium to hydroxycarboxylate anions determined to have ΔH°ass = (31 ± 3) kJ·mol(-1) for l-lactate, (34 ± 2) kJ·mol(-1) for d-gluconate, and (29 ± 3) kJ·mol(-1) for d-lactobionate in 1:1 complexes with thermodynamic binding constants at 25 °C of Kass = 49 (l-lactate), 88 (d-gluconate), and 140 (d-lactobionate). Quantum mechanical calculations within density functional theory (DFT) confirm the ordering of strength of binding. The complex formation is entropy driven with ΔS°ass > 0, resulting in decreasing calcium ion activity in aqueous solutions for increasing temperature, even for the saturated solutions despite increasing solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vavrusova
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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27
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Koutina G, Knudsen JC, Andersen U, Skibsted LH. Temperature effect on calcium and phosphorus equilibria in relation to gel formation during acidification of skim milk. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Moynihan AC, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Johnson ME, Lucey JA, McSweeney PLH. Effect of camel chymosin on the texture, functionality, and sensory properties of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese. J Dairy Sci 2013; 97:85-96. [PMID: 24239084 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of coagulant (bovine calf chymosin, BCC, or camel chymosin, CC), on the functional and sensory properties and performance shelf-life of low-moisture, part-skim (LMPS) Mozzarella. Both chymosins were used at 2 levels [0.05 and 0.037 international milk clotting units (IMCU)/mL], and clotting temperature was varied to achieve similar gelation times for each treatment (as this also affects cheese properties). Functionality was assessed at various cheese ages using dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology and performance of baked cheese on pizza. Cheese composition was not significantly different between treatments. The level of total calcium or insoluble (INSOL) calcium did not differ significantly among the cheeses initially or during ripening. Proteolysis in cheese made with BCC was higher than in cheeses made with CC. At 84 d of ripening, maximum loss tangent values were not significantly different in the cheeses, suggesting that these cheeses had similar melt characteristics. After 14 d of cheese ripening, the crossover temperature (loss tangent = 1 or melting temperature) was higher when CC was used as coagulant. This was due to lower proteolysis in the CC cheeses compared with those made with BCC because the pH and INSOL calcium levels were similar in all cheeses. Cheeses made with CC maintained higher hardness values over 84 d of ripening compared with BCC and maintained higher sensory firmness values and adhesiveness of mass scores during ripening. When melted on pizzas, cheese made with CC had lower blister quantity and the cheeses were firmer and chewier. Because the 2 types of cheeses had similar moisture contents, pH values, and INSOL Ca levels, differences in proteolysis were responsible for the firmer and chewier texture of CC cheeses. When cheese performance on baked pizza was analyzed, properties such as blister quantity, strand thickness, hardness, and chewiness were maintained for a longer ripening time than cheeses made with BCC, indicating that use of CC could help to extend the performance shelf-life of LMPS Mozzarella.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Moynihan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Govindasamy-Lucey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison 53706.
| | - J J Jaeggi
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison 53706
| | - M E Johnson
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison 53706
| | - J A Lucey
- Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison 53706; Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison 53706
| | - P L H McSweeney
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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29
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The influence of alkaline earth metal equilibria on the rheological, melting and textural properties of Cheddar cheese. J DAIRY RES 2013; 80:418-28. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The total calcium content of cheese, along with changes in the equilibrium between soluble and casein (CN)-bound calcium during ripening can have a major impact on its rheological, functional and textural properties; however, little is known about the effect of other alkaline earth metals. NaCl was partially substituted with MgCl2 or SrCl2 (8·7 and 11·4 g/kg curd, respectively) at the salting stage of cheesemaking to study their effects on cheese. Three cheeses were produced: Mg supplemented (+Mg), Sr supplemented (+Sr) and a control Cheddar cheese. Ca, Mg and Sr contents of cheese and expressible serum obtained therefrom were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Addition of Mg2+ or Sr2+ had no effect on % moisture, protein, fat and extent of proteolysis. A proportion of the added Mg2+ and Sr2+ became CN-bound. The level of CN-bound Mg was higher in the +Mg cheese than the control throughout ripening. The level of CN-bound Ca and Mg decreased during ripening in all cheeses, as did % CN-bound Sr in the +Sr cheese. The presence of Sr2+ increased % CN-bound Ca and Mg at a number of ripening times. Adding Mg2+ had no effect on % CN-bound Ca. The +Sr cheese exhibited a higher G′ at 70 °C and a lower LTmax than the control and +Mg cheeses throughout ripening. The +Sr cheese had significantly lower meltability compared with the control and +Mg cheeses after 2 months of ripening. Hardness values of the +Sr cheese were higher at week 2 than the +Mg and control cheeses. Addition of Mg2+ did not influence the physical properties of cheese. Supplementing cheese with Sr appeared to have effects analogous to those previously reported for increasing Ca content. Sr2+ may form and/or modify nanocluster crosslinks causing an increase in the strength of the para-casein matrix.
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30
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Santarelli M, Bottari B, Malacarne M, Lazzi C, Sforza S, Summer A, Neviani E, Gatti M. Variability of lactic acid production, chemical and microbiological characteristics in 24-hour Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Thermo-physical properties of semi-hard cheese made with different fat fractions: Influence of melting point and fat globule size. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Banville V, Morin P, Pouliot Y, Britten M. Physical properties of pizza Mozzarella cheese manufactured under different cheese-making conditions. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4804-15. [PMID: 23706488 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of manufacturing factors on the shreddability and meltability of pizza Mozzarella cheese was studied. Four experimental cheeses were produced with 2 concentrations of denatured whey protein added to milk (0 or 0.25%) and 2 renneting pH values (6.4 or 6.5). The cheeses were aged 8, 22, or 36d before testing. Shreddability was assessed by the presence of fines, size of the shreds, and adhesion to the blade after shredding at 4, 13, or 22°C. A semi-empirical method was developed to measure the matting behavior of shreds by simulating industrial bulk packaging. Rheological measurements were performed on cheeses with and without a premelting treatment to assess melt and postmelt cheese physical properties. Lowering the pH of milk at renneting and aging the cheeses generally decreased the fines production during shredding. Adding whey protein to the cheeses also altered the fines production, but the effect varied depending on the renneting and aging conditions. The shred size distribution, adhesion to the blade, and matting behavior of the cheeses were adversely affected by increased temperature at shredding. The melting profiles obtained by rheological measurements showed that better meltability can be achieved by lowering the pH of milk at renneting or aging the cheese. The premelted cheeses were found to be softer at low temperatures (<40°C) and harder at high temperatures (>50°C) compared with the cheeses that had not undergone the premelting treatment. Understanding and controlling milk standardization, curd acidification, and cheese aging are essential for the production of Mozzarella cheese with desirable shreddability and meltability.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Banville
- STELA Dairy Research Group, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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33
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Santos B, Silva CV, Domingues J, Cortez M, Freitas D, Chiappini C, Araújo K. Effect of calcium addition and pH on yield and texture of Minas cured cheese. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk calcium concentration is a factor related to cheese texture, an important rheological property of cheese quality as perceived by consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different pH conditions (5.8 and 6.6) and calcium addition (0, 150, 300 ppm of CaCl2), on yield and nutrient retention of the clots obtained and on the texture of Minascured cheese. Clots were analyzed for wet and dry yield, percentage content and retention of protein, fat and calcium. The texture of the cheese was evaluated by instrumental and sensorial tests. No differences were observed on the wet and dry yields, or on the protein content, fat and calcium retention of clots produced in the different experimental conditions. The instrumental evaluation showed that calcium addition significantly influenced the texture of cheeses, regardless of the pH of milk clotting. The sensory panel did not find a difference in the hardness ofcheeses produced at the same pH of milk clotting in function of CaCl2 addition. There was no difference in the texture of Minascured cheese due to the calcium addition to milk for dairy product consumers, which brings a new perspective on manufacture for cheese markers.
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34
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Rulikowska A, Kilcawley K, Doolan I, Alonso-Gomez M, Nongonierma A, Hannon J, Wilkinson M. The impact of reduced sodium chloride content on Cheddar cheese quality. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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LU XIAOMING, ZUO FANGLEI, ZHAO JIANYUN, GUO HUIYUAN, REN FAZHENG, CHEN SHANGWU. EFFECT OF VARYING LEVELS OF ADDED CALCIUM ON THE BIOCHEMISTRY, TEXTURE AND MICRO-STRUCTURE OF FRESH CHEESE CONTAINING SESAME PROTEIN ISOLATE. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Lee MR, Johnson M, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi J, Lucey J. Effect of different curd-washing methods on the insoluble Ca content and rheological properties of Colby cheese during ripening. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2692-700. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Wang F, Zhang X, Luo J, Guo H, Zeng SS, Ren F. Effect of Proteolysis and Calcium Equilibrium on Functional Properties of Natural Cheddar Cheese during Ripening and the Resultant Processed Cheese. J Food Sci 2011; 76:E248-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Lee MR, Johnson M, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi J, Lucey J. Insoluble calcium content and rheological properties of Colby cheese during ripening. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1844-53. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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BRICKLEY CIARAA, LUCEY JOHNA, McSWEENEY PAULLH. Effect of the addition of trisodium citrate and calcium chloride during salting on the rheological and textural properties of Cheddar-style cheese during ripening. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2009.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Lee MR, Lee WJ. The Role of Ca Equilibrium on the Functional Properties of Cheese: A Review. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2009. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.5.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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41
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Bansal N, Drake M, Piraino P, Broe M, Harboe M, Fox P, McSweeney P. Suitability of recombinant camel (Camelus dromedarius) chymosin as a coagulant for Cheddar cheese. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Fröhlich-Wyder MT, Guggisberg D, Wechsler D. Influence of low calcium and low pH on melting characteristics of model Raclette cheese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2009025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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43
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Influence of backslopping on the acidifications curves of “Tomme” type cheeses made during 10 successive days. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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45
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Brickley CA, Auty MAE, Piraino P, McSweeney PLH. The effect of natural cheddar cheese ripening on the functional and textural properties of the processed cheese manufactured therefrom. J Food Sci 2008; 72:C483-90. [PMID: 18034708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cheddar cheese ripened at 8 degrees C was sampled at 7, 14, 28, 56, 112, and 168 d and subsequently used for the manufacture of processed cheese. The cheddar cheese samples were analyzed throughout ripening for proteolysis while the textural and rheological properties of the processed cheeses (PCs) were studied. The rate of proteolysis was the greatest in the first 28 d of cheddar cheese ripening but began to slow down as ripening progressed from 28 to 168 d. A similar trend was observed in changes to the texture of the PC samples, with the greatest decrease in hardness and increase in flowability being in the first 28 d of ripening. Confocal scanning laser microscopy showed that the degree of emulsification in the PC samples increased as the maturity of the cheddar cheese ingredient increased from 7 to 168 d. This increased emulsification resulted in a reduction in the rate of softening in the PC in samples manufactured from cheddar cheese bases at later ripening times. Multivariate data analysis was performed to summarize the relationships between proteolysis in the cheddar cheese bases and textural properties of the PC made therefrom. The proportion of alpha(s)(1)-casein (CN) in the cheddar cheese base was strongly correlated with hardness, adhesiveness, fracturability, springiness, and storage modulus values for the corresponding PC. Degradation of alpha(s) (1)-CN was the proteolytic event with the strongest correlation to the softening of PC samples, particularly those manufactured from cheddar cheese in the first 28 d of ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Brickley
- Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Univ. College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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46
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Choi J, Horne DS, Johnson ME, Lucey JA. Effects of the concentration of insoluble calcium phosphate associated with casein micelles on the functionality of directly acidified cheese. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:513-22. [PMID: 18218737 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Directly acidified cheeses with different insoluble Ca (INS Ca) contents were made to test the hypothesis that the removal of INS Ca from casein micelles (CM) would directly contribute to the softening and flow behavior of cheese at high temperature. Skim milk was directly acidified with dilute lactic acid to pH values of 6.0, 5.8, 5.6, or 5.4 to remove INS Ca (pH trial). Lowering milk pH also reduced protein charge repulsion, which could influence melt. In a second treatment, EDTA (0, 2, 4, or 6 mM) was added to skim milk that was subsequently acidified to pH 6.0 (EDTA trial). Both types of milks were then made into directly acidified cheese. Cheese properties were determined at approximately 10 h after pressing to reduce possible confounding effects of proteolysis. The INS Ca content was determined by the acid-base titration method. Dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology was used to measure the viscoelastic properties of cheese during heating from 5 to 80 degrees C. The composition of all cheeses was as similar as possible, with cheese-making procedures being modified to obtain similar moisture contents (approximately 55%). Insoluble Ca contents of cheeses significantly decreased with a reduction in pH or with the addition of EDTA to skim milk. The pH values of cheeses in the pH trial varied, but all cheeses in the EDTA trial had similar pH values (approximately 5.73). In the pH trial, the reduction in cheese pH and consequent decrease in INS Ca content resulted in a reduction in the G' values of cheeses at 20 degrees C. In contrast, the G' values at 20 degrees C in cheeses from the EDTA trial increased with EDTA addition up to 4 mM EDTA. The G' values at 70 degrees C of cheeses from the pH trial decreased with a decrease in cheese pH, and a similar decrease was observed in the G' values of cheese from the EDTA trial with an increase in EDTA concentration even though these cheeses had a similar pH value. In both trials, loss tangent (LT) values increased with temperatures >30 degrees C and reached a maximum at approximately 70 degrees C. In the pH trial, LT values at 70 degrees C increased from 1.50 to 4.24 with a decrease in cheese pH from 5.78 to 5.21. The LT values increased from 1.43 to 3.23 with an increase in the concentration of added EDTA from 0 to 6 mM. In the EDTA trial, the decrease in G' and increase in LT values at 70 degrees C were due to the reduction in INS Ca content, because the pH values of these cheeses were the same. It can be concluded that the loss of INS Ca increases the melting in cheeses that have the same pH and gross chemical composition, and removal of INS Ca can even make cheese at high pH (approximately 5.73) exhibit reasonable melt characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Choi
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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47
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Govindasamy-Lucey S, Jaeggi JJ, Johnson ME, Wang T, Lucey JA. Use of Cold Microfiltration Retentates Produced with Polymeric Membranes for Standardization of Milks for Manufacture of Pizza Cheese. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4552-68. [PMID: 17881676 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pizza cheese was manufactured with milk (12.1% total solids, 3.1% casein, 3.1% fat) standardized with microfiltered (MF) and diafiltered retentates. Polymeric, spiral-wound MF membranes were used to process cold (<7 degrees C) skim milk, and diafiltration of MF retentates resulted in at least 36% removal of serum protein on a true protein basis. Cheese milks were obtained by blending the MF retentate (16.4% total solids, 11.0% casein, 0.4% fat) with whole milk (12.1% total solids, 2.4% casein, 3.4% fat). Control cheese was made with part-skim milk (10.9% total solids, 2.4% casein, 2.4% fat). Initial trials with MF standardized milk resulted in cheese with approximately 2 to 3% lower moisture (45%) than control cheese ( approximately 47 to 48%). Cheese-making procedures (cutting conditions) were then altered to obtain a similar moisture content in all cheeses by using a lower setting temperature, increasing the curd size, and lowering the wash water temperature during manufacture of the MF cheeses. Two types of MF standardized cheeses were produced, one with preacidification of milk to pH 6.4 (pH6.4MF) and another made from milk preacidified to pH 6.3 (pH6.3MF). Cheese functionality was assessed by dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology, University of Wisconsin MeltProfiler, and performance on pizza. Nitrogen recoveries were significantly higher in MF standardized cheeses. Fat recoveries were higher in the pH6.3MF cheese than the control or pH6.4MF cheese. Moisture-adjusted cheese yield was significantly higher in the 2 MF-fortified cheeses compared with the control cheese. Maximum loss tangent (LT(max)) values were not significantly different among the 3 cheeses, suggesting that these cheeses had similar meltability. The LT(max) values increased during ripening. The temperature at which the LT(max) was observed was highest in control cheese and was lower in the pH6.3MF cheese than in the pH6.4MF cheese. The temperature of the LT(max) decreased with age for all 3 cheeses. Values of 12% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen levels were similar in all cheeses. Performance on pizza was similar for all cheeses. The use of MF retentates derived with polymeric membranes was successful in increasing cheese yield, and cheese quality was similar in the control and MF standardized cheeses.
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CANDIOTI MC, ALONSO MJ, HYNES E. Influence of residual milk-clotting enzyme and proteolysis on melting properties of soft cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2007.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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GUGGISBERG DOMINIK, BÜTIKOFER UELI, ALBRECHT BRUNO. MELTING AND SOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SWISS RACLETTE CHEESE MEASURED BY SMALL AMPLITUDE OSCILLATORY SHEAR MEASUREMENTS. J Texture Stud 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2007.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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LU YANJIE, SHIRASHOJI NOBUAKI, LUCEY JOHNA. Rheological, textural and melting properties of commercial samples of some of the different types of pasteurized processed cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2007.00314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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