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Rząd K, Gabriel I, Paluszkiewicz E, Kuplińska A, Olszewski M, Chylewska A, Dąbrowska AM, Kozłowska-Tylingo K. Targeting yeast topoisomerase II by imidazo and triazoloacridinone derivatives resulting in their antifungal activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3594. [PMID: 38351313 PMCID: PMC10864382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens are considered as serious factors for deadly diseases and are a case of medical concern. Invasive fungal infections also complicate the clinical course of COVID-19, leading to a significant increase in mortality. Furthermore, fungal strains' multidrug resistance has increased the demand for antifungals with a different mechanism of action. The present study aimed to identify antifungal compounds targeting yeast topoisomerase II (yTOPOII) derived from well-known human topoisomerase II (hTOPOII) poisons C-1305 and C-1311. Two sets of derivatives: triazoloacridinones (IKE1-8) and imidazoacridinones (IKE9-14) were synthetized and evaluated with a specific emphasis on the molecular mechanism of action. Our results indicated that their effectiveness as enzyme inhibitors was not solely due to intercalation ability but also as a result of influence on catalytic activity by the formation of covalent complexes between plasmid DNA and yTOPOII. Lysine conjunction increased the strength of the compound's interaction with DNA and improved penetration into the fungal cells. Triazoloacridinone derivatives in contrast to starting compound C-1305 exhibited moderate antifungal activity and at least twice lower cytotoxicity. Importantly, compounds (IKE5-8) were not substrates for multidrug ABC transporters whereas a derivative conjugated with lysine (IKE7), showed the ability to overcome C. glabrata fluconazole-resistance (MIC 32-64 µg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rząd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Iwona Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuplińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Dąbrowska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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Molecular targets for antifungals in amino acid and protein biosynthetic pathways. Amino Acids 2021; 53:961-991. [PMID: 34081205 PMCID: PMC8241756 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi cause death of over 1.5 million people every year, while cutaneous mycoses are among the most common infections in the world. Mycoses vary greatly in severity, there are long-term skin (ringworm), nail or hair infections (tinea capitis), recurrent like vaginal candidiasis or severe, life-threatening systemic, multiorgan infections. In the last few years, increasing importance is attached to the health and economic problems caused by fungal pathogens. There is a growing need for improvement of the availability of antifungal drugs, decreasing their prices and reducing side effects. Searching for novel approaches in this respect, amino acid and protein biosynthesis pathways appear to be competitive. The route that leads from amino acid biosynthesis to protein folding and its activation is rich in enzymes that are descriptive of fungi. Blocking the action of those enzymes often leads to avirulence or growth inhibition. In this review, we want to trace the principal processes of fungi vitality. We present the data of genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid and protein biosynthesis, potential molecular targets in antifungal chemotherapy, and describe the impact of inhibitors on fungal organisms.
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Ambrosio JAR, Pinto BCDS, Godoy DDS, Carvalho JA, Abreu ADS, da Silva BGM, Leonel LDC, Costa MS, Beltrame Junior M, Simioni AR. Gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue as a candidate for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy applications in Candida albicans growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1356-1373. [PMID: 31215329 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1632615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles (GN) with an intrinsic antimicrobial activity maybe a good choice to improve the effectiveness of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). The aim of this study was to development gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue (GN-MB) and investigate the effect of GN-MB in the Candida albicans growth by PACT protocols. The GN and GN-MB were prepared by two-step desolvation. The nanoparticulate systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy and steady-state techniques, the in vitro drug release was investigated, and we studied the effect of PACT on C. albicans growth. Satisfactory yields and encapsulation efficiency of GN-MB were obtained (yield = 76.0% ± 2.1 and EE = 84.0% ± 1.3). All the spectroscopic results presented here showed excellent photophysical parameters of the studied drug. Entrapment of MB in GN significantly prolongs it's in vitro release. The results of PACT experiments clearly demonstrated that the photosensitivity of C. albicans was higher when GN-MB was used. Gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy may be used against Candida albicans growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele da Silva Godoy
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Janicy Arantes Carvalho
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Alexandro da Silva Abreu
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Carvalho Leonel
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
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Noni M, Stathi A, Vaki I, Velegraki A, Zachariadou L, Michos A. Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis in Children during a 10-Year Period. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5010019. [PMID: 30813283 PMCID: PMC6462917 DOI: 10.3390/jof5010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are a common cause of invasive infection in neonates and children. The aim of our study was to evaluate the epidemiology and microbiology of invasive candidiasis (IC) in the largest tertiary Greek pediatric hospital during a 10-year period. A retrospective cohort study was performed from January 2008 to December 2017. Identification of species and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methodology. During the study period, 178 cases of IC were recorded. The tissue distribution included blood (87.1%), cerebrospinal (7.9%), peritoneal (3.9%) and pleural fluids (1.1%). Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis (sensu lato) were the most frequently isolated species (47.8% and 28.7% respectively). From period 2008⁻2012 to period 2013⁻2017, a significant decrease in IC rates was detected (0.21 cases/1000 hospitalization days VS 0.11 cases/1000 hospitalization days, P = 0.040), while median minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amphotericin B were significantly increased for both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (sl) (P = 0.037 and P = 0.004 respectively). The decrease in IC rates may reflect the increased awareness as well as the effective infection control initiatives and antifungal interventions. However, the significant increase in the MICs for amphotericin B and echinocandins such as caspofungin, raises concerns about their common use as first-line treatment. Epidemiologic monitoring is, therefore, critically important in order to evaluate and optimize therapeutic protocols for IC in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noni
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Stathi
- Department of Microbiology, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ilia Vaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Levantia Zachariadou
- Department of Microbiology, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
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de Oliveira Santos GC, Vasconcelos CC, Lopes AJO, de Sousa Cartágenes MDS, Filho AKDB, do Nascimento FRF, Ramos RM, Pires ERRB, de Andrade MS, Rocha FMG, de Andrade Monteiro C. Candida Infections and Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanisms of Action for Traditional and Alternative Agents. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1351. [PMID: 30018595 PMCID: PMC6038711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida genus comprises opportunistic fungi that can become pathogenic when the immune system of the host fails. Candida albicans is the most important and prevalent species. Polyenes, fluoropyrimidines, echinocandins, and azoles are used as commercial antifungal agents to treat candidiasis. However, the presence of intrinsic and developed resistance against azole antifungals has been extensively documented among several Candida species. The advent of original and re-emergence of classical fungal diseases have occurred as a consequence of the development of the antifungal resistance phenomenon. In this way, the development of new satisfactory therapy for fungal diseases persists as a major challenge of present-day medicine. The design of original drugs from traditional medicines provides new promises in the modern clinic. The urgent need includes the development of alternative drugs that are more efficient and tolerant than those traditional already in use. The identification of new substances with potential antifungal effect at low concentrations or in combination is also a possibility. The present review briefly examines the infections caused by Candida species and focuses on the mechanisms of action associated with the traditional agents used to treat those infections, as well as the current understanding of the molecular basis of resistance development in these fungal species. In addition, this review describes some of the promising alternative molecules and/or substances that could be used as anticandidal agents, their mechanisms of action, and their use in combination with traditional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle C. de Oliveira Santos
- Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Cleydlenne C. Vasconcelos
- Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Alberto J. O. Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Allan K. D. B. Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo M. Ramos
- Department of Information, Environment, Health and Food Production, Laboratory of Information Systems, Federal Institute of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo S. de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Flaviane M. G. Rocha
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Andrade Monteiro
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
- Departmento de Biologia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Dong S, Shi H, Zhang X, Chen X, Cao D, Mao C, Gao X, Wang L. Difunctional bacteriophage conjugated with photosensitizers for Candida albicans-targeting photodynamic inactivation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2199-2216. [PMID: 29692614 PMCID: PMC5903486 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s156815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal pathogen of the human microbiota, causing infections ranging from superficial infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic infections. Due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant C. albicans strains, new approaches to control this pathogen are needed. Photodynamic inactivation is an emerging alternative to treat infections based on the interactions between visible light and photosensitisers, in which pheophorbide a (PPA) is a chlorophyll-based photosensitizer that could induce cell death after light irradiation. Due to PPA’s phototoxicity and low efficiency, the main challenge is to implement photosensitizer cell targeting and attacking. Methods In this study, PPA was conjugated with JM-phage by EDC/NHS crosslinking. UV-Vis spectra was used to determine the optimum conjugation percentages of PPA and JM-phage complex for photodynamic inactivation. After photodynamic inactivation, the efficacy of PPA-JM-phage was assessed by performing in vitro experiments, such as MTS assay, scanning electron microscopy, measurement of dysfunctional mitochondria, ROS accumulation, S cell arrest and apoptotic pathway. Results A single-chain variable-fragment phage (JM) with high affinity to MP65 was screened from human single-fold single-chain variable-fragment libraries and designed as a binding target for C. albicans cells. Subsequently, PPa was integrated into JM phage to generate a combined nanoscale material, which was called PPA-JM-phage. After photodynamic inactivation, the growth of C. albicans was inhibited by PPA-JM-phage and apoptosis was observed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed shrinking and rupturing of C. albicans. We also found that depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were elevated significantly in C. albicans inhibited by PPA-JM-phage. Additionally, PPA-JM-phage also lead to S-phase arrest, and metacaspase activation resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction was also found to be involved in C. albicans apoptosis. Conclusion PPa-JM-phage may induce C. albicans apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway and the results herein shed light on the potential application of phtototherapeutic nanostructures in fungal inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University.,First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Hongxi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University.,First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
| | - Donghui Cao
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
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Deciphering the role of Sodium Lignosulfonate against Candida spp. as persuasive anticandidal agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1212-1219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kowalewska B, Zorena K, Szmigiero-Kawko M, Wąż P, Myśliwiec M. Higher diversity in fungal species discriminates children with type 1 diabetes mellitus from healthy control. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:591-9. [PMID: 27143864 PMCID: PMC4844445 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s97852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct qualitative and quantitative assessment of yeast-like fungi in the feces of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with respect to their metabolic control and duration of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The studied materials included samples of fresh feces collected from 53 children and adolescents with T1DM. Control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Medical history was taken and physical examination was conducted in the two study arms. Prevalence of the yeast-like fungi in the feces was determined as well as their amounts, species diversity, drug susceptibility, and enzymatic activity. RESULTS The yeast-like fungi were found in the samples of feces from 75.4% of T1DM patients and 70% controls. In the group of T1DM patients, no correlation was found between age (Rs=0.253, P=0.068), duration of diabetes (Rs=-0.038, P=0.787), or body mass index (Rs=0.150, P=0.432) and the amount of the yeast-like fungi isolated in the feces. Moreover, no correlation was seen between the amount of the yeast-like fungi and glycated hemoglobin (Rs=0.0324, P=0.823), systolic blood pressure (Rs=0.102, P=0.483), or diastolic blood pressure (Rs=0.271, P=0.345). CONCLUSION Our research has shown that children and adolescents with T1DM show higher species diversity of the yeast-like fungi, with Candida albicans being significantly less prevalent versus control subjects. Moreover, fungal species in patients with T1DM turn out to be more resistant to antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: Katarzyna Zorena, Department of Immunology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland, Tel +48 58 349 1766, Fax +48 58 349 1766, Email
| | | | - Piotr Wąż
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Luo X, Dong X, Pen Z. Distribution and Drug Susceptibility of Candida spp. Associated With Female Genital Tract Infection, Chongqing, China. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 9:e19386. [PMID: 28138369 PMCID: PMC5240156 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.19386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis is defined as vulvovaginitis associated with vaginal carriage of Candida spp. and is a common problem with a high rate of morbidity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the distribution of Candida spp. and evaluate the corresponding antifungal susceptibility in women with genital tract infection in Chongqing, southwestern China. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples (n = 2.129) were obtained from female patients with symptoms of genital tract infection. Candida spp. were isolated from the specimens and were identified using a coloration medium and the VITEK 2 Compact automatic microbial identification system. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the ATB FUNGUS drug susceptibility testing system. RESULTS From 2,129 samples, 478 (22.45%) isolates of Candida were isolated, of which 395 (82.64%) were Candida albicans, 39 (8.16%) were C. glabrata, 21 (4.39%) were C. tropicalis, 9 (1.88%) were C. parapsilosis, and 14 (2.93%) were other Candida spp. The resistance of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis to 5 antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, and itraconazole) ranged from 0.5% to 6.4%, 0% to 7.7%, and 0% to 9.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Candida albicans was the major pathogen associated with candidiasis of the female genital tract in patients in Chongqing. The results of the antifungal sensitivity of the isolates suggest that it is important for clinicians to administer appropriate antifungals for the treatment of Candida spp. infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliate Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author: Xiaodong Luo, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliate Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China. Tel: +86-2363693484, Fax: +86-2363693484, E-mail:
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliate Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Pen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliate Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Risović D, Maver-Bišćanin M, Mravak-Stipetić M, Bukovski S, Bišćanin A. Quantitative investigation of efficiency of ultraviolet and visible light in eradication of Candida albicans in vitro. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 32:232-9. [PMID: 24697585 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the efficiency of the ultraviolet (UV) and visible light in eradication of Candida albicans in vitro; in particular, to determine, for selected wavelengths, the specific eradication coefficients and thresholds in terms of energy density levels required to effect 3.0log10 and 4.0log10 reduction. BACKGROUND DATA Oral candidosis is the most common infection of the oral cavity and is caused by Candida species. The widespread use of topical and systemic antifungal agents as conventional treatment for oral candidosis has resulted in the development of resistance in C. albicans. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop alternative therapies for the treatment of oral candidosis. METHODS C. albicans ATCC(®) 90028(™) was irradiated with 254 nm, 365 nm, 406 nm, 420 nm, and broadband Xe spectrum. For each wavelength, a fit of experimental data (survival fraction vs. applied energy density) with an exponential decay function enabled estimation of the specific eradication coefficients and thresholds. RESULTS Based on estimated specific efficiencies (Δ) and eradication thresholds (ET) of the investigated wavelengths, the ranking in eradication efficiency of C. albicans (most to least effective) is: 254 nm (Δ=6.1 mJ/cm(-2), ET99.99=56 mJ/cm(-2)), broadband Xe spectrum (Δ=27.7 mJ/cm(-2), ET99.99=255 mJ/cm(-2)), 365 nm (Δ=4.3 J/cm(-2), ET99.99=39 J/cm(-2)), 420 nm (Δ=0.65 J/cm(-2), ET99.99=6 J/cm(-2)), and 406 nm (Δ=11.4 J/cm(-2), ET99.99=104 J/cm(-2)). CONCLUSIONS The results provide insight into the wavelength-dependent dynamics of eradication of C. albicans. For each investigated wavelength, the eradication coefficient and corresponding eradication threshold were estimated. The observed different eradication efficiencies are consequence of different spectrally dependent inactivation mechanisms. The established methodology enables unambiguous quantitative comparison of eradication efficiencies of optical radiation and selection of most effective wavelengths for clinical and therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravko Risović
- 1 Molecular Physics Laboratory, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenicka, Zagreb, Croatia
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Teymuri M, Mamishi S, Pourakbari B, Mahmoudi S, Ashtiani MT, Sadeghi RH, Yadegari MH. Investigation of ERG11 gene expression among fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans: first report from an Iranian referral paediatric hospital. Br J Biomed Sci 2015; 72:28-31. [PMID: 25906488 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11666792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The multiplicity of mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents has been described. As fluconazole-resistant clinical Candida albicans isolates that constitutively over-express ERG11 have been identified in previous studies, the aim of this study is to investigate this molecular mechanism involved in fluconazole resistance of C. albicans clinical isolates. Fluconazole susceptibility testing was carried out on clinical isolates of Candida spp. obtained from hospitalised children in an Iranian referral children's hospital. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used to differentiate Candida spp. The resistant C. albicans isolates were subjected to RT-qPCR using primers that identify ERG11 gene expression. Of the 142 Candida spp. isolates studied, C. albicans was the most predominant isolate, occurring in 68.3% (97/142) of the patients. According to the CLSI method, the majority of the C. albicans isolates (91.7%, 89/97), categorised as susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≤8 μg/mL), five isolates were considered resistant (MIC ≤64 μg/mL) and three had dose-dependent susceptibility (MIC = 8.16-32 μg/mL). The ERG11 gene in the five fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates was upregulated 4.15-5.84-fold relative to the ATCC 10231 control strain. In this study, the expression of ERG11 was upregulated in all the fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. There are limited data on the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. as well as the molecular mechanism of azole resistance in Iran, especially for isolates causing infections in children. Therefore, the surveillance of antifungal resistance patterns and investigation of other mechanisms of azole resistance in all Candida spp. isolates is recommended.
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Kato IT, Prates RA, Sabino CP, Fuchs BB, Tegos GP, Mylonakis E, Hamblin MR, Ribeiro MS. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation inhibits Candida albicans virulence factors and reduces in vivo pathogenicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:445-51. [PMID: 23129051 PMCID: PMC3535901 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01451-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Candida albicans exhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained in the daughter cells. C. albicans was exposed to sublethal APDI by using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer (0.05 mM) combined with a GaAlAs diode laser (λ 660 nm, 75 mW/cm(2), 9 to 27 J/cm(2)). In vitro, we evaluated APDI effects on C. albicans growth, germ tube formation, sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stress, cell wall integrity, and fluconazole susceptibility. In vivo, we evaluated C. albicans pathogenicity with a mouse model of systemic infection. Animal survival was evaluated daily. Sublethal MB-mediated APDI reduced the growth rate and the ability of C. albicans to form germ tubes compared to untreated cells (P < 0.05). Survival of mice systemically infected with C. albicans pretreated with APDI was significantly increased compared to mice infected with untreated yeast (P < 0.05). APDI increased C. albicans sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, caffeine, and hydrogen peroxide. The MIC for fluconazole for C. albicans was also reduced following sublethal MB-mediated APDI. However, none of those pathogenic parameters was altered in daughter cells of C. albicans submitted to APDI. These data suggest that APDI may inhibit virulence factors and reduce in vivo pathogenicity of C. albicans. The absence of alterations in daughter cells indicates that APDI effects are transitory. The MIC reduction for fluconazole following APDI suggests that this antifungal could be combined with APDI to treat C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Tiemy Kato
- Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Araujo Prates
- Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dentistry School, Health Division and Biophotonics Program of UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George P. Tegos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard—MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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de Oliveira WA, de Oliveira Pereira F, de Luna GCDG, Lima IO, Wanderley PA, de Lima RB, de Oliveira Lima E. Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor against Candida albicans. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:433-41. [PMID: 24031651 PMCID: PMC3769829 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast and a member of the normal human flora that commonly causes infections in patients with any type of deficiency of the immune system. The essential oils have been tested for antimycotic activity and pose much potential as antifungal agents. This work investigated the activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus against C. albicans by MIC, MFC and time-kill methods. The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. It was tested fifteen strains of C. albicans. The MIC was determined by the microdilution method and the MFC was determined when an aliquot of the broth microdilution was cultivated in SDA medium. The phytochemical analysis of EO showed presence of citronellal (23,59%), geraniol (18,81%) and citronellol (11,74%). The EO showed antifungal activity, and the concentrations 625 µg/mL and 1250 µg/mL inhibited the growth of all strains tested and it was fungicidal, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of EO was analyzed over time, it was found concentration-dependent antifungal activity, whose behavior was similar to amphotericin B and nystatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Araújo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa. PB , Brasil ; Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande , Cuité, PB , Brasil
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few recent studies evaluating trends in the epidemiology of candidemia including changes in species or utilization of antifungal agents in children. METHODS We performed a retrospective case series of candidemia at our children's hospital from 2002 to 2006. Our objectives were to study trends in the rates of candidemia, demographic characteristics, Candida species, antifungal susceptibility, and antifungal utilization. These data were obtained from the electronic medical records. RESULTS There were 203 episodes of candidemia in 154 subjects. During the study period, the average rate of candidemia was 5.52 per 1000 patient-discharges and did not change throughout the study. The mean and median ages of subjects were 3 years versus 9 months, respectively, and 38% were less than 3 months of age. Gastrointestinal disorders were a common comorbid condition (33%), especially for subjects with multiple episodes of candidemia. Overall, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans caused 43% and 26% of episodes, respectively, and candidemia caused by Candida glabrata (5.3%-23%) and Candida krusei (0%-8.5%) increased during the study. Ninety-eight percent of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis isolates remained susceptible to all antifungal drugs. From 2003-2006, the use of antifungal agents increased from 79 days to 150 days per 1000 hospital-days. CONCLUSIONS While antifungal use at our hospital increased, candidemia rates remained stable. C. parapsilosis was the most common species but other non-C. albicans species increased during the study period. Local epidemiology should be monitored in pediatric populations for potential impact on management strategies.
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In vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Candida spp. determined by disk diffusion testing in Turin, Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1657-9. [PMID: 19188375 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00998-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 1,024 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were determined by the agar disk diffusion test using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A guidelines. The results of this investigation demonstrated the broad-spectrum in vitro activity of voriconazole, relative to that of fluconazole, against yeasts tested, in particular fluconazole-resistant isolates, such as Candida krusei that showed high susceptibility to voriconazole. The situation in Turin, Italy, is quite similar to that of the rest of Italy, reflecting the worldwide trend.
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16
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Quindós G, Sánchez-Vargas LO, Villar-Vidal M, Eraso E, Alkorta M, Hernández-Almaraz JL. Activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata and Candida krusei: a 14-year study in a Spanish tertiary medical centre. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31:266-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quindós G, Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Eraso E, Cantón E, Pemán J. [In vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole: New data after the first years of clinical experience]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2007; 24:198-208. [PMID: 17874856 DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1406(07)70043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole has been developed to meet the increasing need for new and useful antifungal agents for the treatment of invasive mycoses. This review describes the spectrum of voriconazole antifungal activity based on data from in vitro studies published during the last three years. This survey demonstrates that voriconazole has a broad antifungal spectrum against the most common fungal pathogens being its action fungistatic for Candida and fungicidal for Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi. Overall, more than 95% of all Candida isolates tested are susceptible to voriconazole and less than 3% are resistant. Similar or even better activity rates have been described for Aspergillus, Cryptococcus and most of yeasts and moulds of medical importance. We also discuss the limitations related to the azole cross-resistance observed in some Candida glabrata isolates, the poor activity of voriconazole against Scedosporium prolificans, its activity against fungal biofilms and the great potential usefulness of combination of voriconazole with other antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Quindós
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain.
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Pagano L, Caira M, Nosari A, Van Lint MT, Candoni A, Offidani M, Aloisi T, Irrera G, Bonini A, Picardi M, Caramatti C, Invernizzi R, Mattei D, Melillo L, de Waure C, Reddiconto G, Fianchi L, Valentini CG, Girmenia C, Leone G, Aversa F. Fungal infections in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants: results of the SEIFEM B-2004 study--Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni Fungine Nelle Emopatie Maligne. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:1161-70. [PMID: 17918077 DOI: 10.1086/522189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence and outcome of invasive fungal infection (IFI) among patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 11 Italian transplantation centers. METHODS This cohort-retrospective study, conducted during 1999-2003, involved HSCT patients admitted to 11 tertiary care centers or university hospitals in Italy, who developed IFIs (proven or probable). RESULTS Among 3228 patients who underwent HSCT (1249 allogeneic HSCT recipients and 1979 autologous HSCT recipients), IFI occurred in 121 patients (overall incidence, 3.7%). Ninety-one episodes (2.8% of all patients) were due to molds, and 30 (0.9%) were due to yeasts. Ninety-eight episodes (7.8%) occurred among the 1249 allogeneic HSCT recipients, and 23 (1.2%) occurred among the 1979 autologous HSCT recipients. The most frequent etiological agents were Aspergillus species (86 episodes) and Candida species (30 episodes). The overall mortality rate was 5.7% among allogeneic HSCT recipients and 0.4% among autologous HSCT recipients, whereas the attributable mortality rate registered in our population was 65.3% (72.4% for allogeneic HSCT recipients and 34.7% for autologous HSCT recipients). Etiology influenced the patients' outcomes: the attributable mortality rate for aspergillosis was 72.1% (77.2% and 14.3% for allogeneic and autologous HSCT recipients, respectively), and the rate for Candida IFI was 50% (57.1% and 43.8% for allogeneic and autologous HSCT recipients, respectively). CONCLUSIONS IFI represents a common complication for allogeneic HSCT recipients. Aspergillus species is the most frequently detected agent in these patients, and aspergillosis is characterized by a high mortality rate. Conversely, autologous HSCT recipients rarely develop aspergillosis, and the attributable mortality rate is markedly lower. Candidemia was observed less often than aspergillosis among both allogeneic and autologous HSCT recipients; furthermore, there was no difference in either the incidence of or the attributable mortality rate for candidemia among recipients of the 2 transplant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pagano
- Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
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