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Vasina DV, Antonova NP, Gushchin VA, Aleshkin AV, Fursov MV, Fursova AD, Gancheva PG, Grigoriev IV, Grinkevich P, Kondratev AV, Kostarnoy AV, Lendel AM, Makarov VV, Nikiforova MA, Pochtovyi AA, Prudnikova T, Remizov TA, Shevlyagina NV, Siniavin AE, Smirnova NS, Terechov AA, Tkachuk AP, Usachev EV, Vorobev AM, Yakimakha VS, Yudin SM, Zackharova AA, Zhukhovitsky VG, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Development of novel antimicrobials with engineered endolysin LysECD7-SMAP to combat Gram-negative bacterial infections. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:75. [PMID: 39044206 PMCID: PMC11267749 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the non-traditional antibacterial agents in development, only a few targets critical Gram-negative bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii or cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Endolysins and their genetically modified versions meet the World Health Organization criteria for innovation, have a novel mode of antibacterial action, no known bacterial cross-resistance, and are being intensively studied for application against Gram-negative pathogens. METHODS The study presents a multidisciplinary approach, including genetic engineering of LysECD7-SMAP and production of recombinant endolysin, its analysis by crystal structure solution following molecular dynamics simulations and evaluation of antibacterial properties. Two types of antimicrobial dosage forms were formulated, resulting in lyophilized powder for injection and hydroxyethylcellulose gel for topical administration. Their efficacy was estimated in the treatment of sepsis, and pneumonia models in BALB/c mice, diabetes-associated wound infection in the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and infected burn wounds in rats. RESULTS In this work, we investigate the application strategies of the engineered endolysin LysECD7-SMAP and its dosage forms evaluated in preclinical studies. The catalytic domain of the enzyme shares the conserved structure of endopeptidases containing a putative antimicrobial peptide at the C-terminus of polypeptide chain. The activity of endolysins has been demonstrated against a range of pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Achromobacter spp, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Haemophylus influenzae, including those with multidrug resistance. The efficacy of candidate dosage forms has been confirmed in in vivo studies. Some aspects of the interaction of LysECD7-SMAP with cell wall molecular targets are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate the potential of LysECD7-SMAP therapeutics for the systemic or topical treatment of infectious diseases caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacterial species and are critical to proceed LysECD7-SMAP-based antimicrobials trials to advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Vasina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nataliia P Antonova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Aleshkin
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Fursov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Fursova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russia
| | - Petya G Gancheva
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Grinkevich
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey V Kondratev
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kostarnoy
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya M Lendel
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine V Makarov
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Nikiforova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei A Pochtovyi
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Prudnikova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Timofey A Remizov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Shevlyagina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E Siniavin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina S Smirnova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terechov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem P Tkachuk
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Usachev
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Vorobev
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria S Yakimakha
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M Yudin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Zackharova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Zhukhovitsky
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education (RMANPO), Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Arshinov IR, Antonova NP, Grigoriev IV, Pochtovyi AA, Tkachuk AP, Gushchin VA, Vasina DV. Engineered Endolysin LysECD7-SMAP Reveals Antimicrobial Synergy with Antibiotics and Restores Sensitivity in Gram-negative Pathogens. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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3
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Gouveia A, Pinto D, Veiga H, Antunes W, Pinho MG, São-José C. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides as enhancers of the bacteriolytic action of staphylococcal phage endolysins. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1245. [PMID: 35075218 PMCID: PMC8786859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins degrade the bacterial cell wall and are therefore considered promising antimicrobial alternatives to fight pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria are usually considered easy targets to exogenously added endolysins, since their cell walls are not shielded by an outer membrane. However, in nutrient rich environments these bacteria can also tolerate endolysin attack if they keep an energized cytoplasmic membrane. Hence, we have hypothesized that the membrane depolarizing action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), another attractive class of alternative antibacterials, could be explored to overcome bacterial tolerance to endolysins and consequently improve their antibacterial potential. Accordingly, we show that under conditions supporting bacterial growth, Staphylococcus aureus becomes much more susceptible to the bacteriolytic action of endolysins if an AMP is also present. The bactericidal gain resulting from the AMP/endolysin combined action ranged from 1 to 3 logs for different S. aureus strains, which included drug-resistant clinical isolates. In presence of an AMP, as with a reduced content of cell wall teichoic acids, higher endolysin binding to cells is observed. However, our results indicate that this higher endolysin binding alone does not fully explain the higher susceptibility of S. aureus to lysis in these conditions. Other factors possibly contributing to the increased endolysin susceptibility in presence of an AMP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gouveia
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Veiga
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Républica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química (UMLDBQ), Instituto Universitário Militar, Centro de Investigação da Academia Militar (CINAMIL), Av. Dr. Alfredo Bensaúde, 1849-012, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Républica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos São-José
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Li R, He S, Yin K, Zhang B, Yi Y, Zhang M, Pei N, Huang L. Effects of N-terminal modifications on the stability of antimicrobial peptide SAMP-A4 analogues against protease degradation. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3352. [PMID: 34028137 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are increasingly concerning for public health. Synthesized antimicrobial peptide A4 (SAMP-A4), a peptide computationally designed by our research team, is a potential drug candidate. However, the antimicrobial peptide SAMP-A4 is easily degraded in serum. To obtain SAMP-A4 analogues with high biostability, chemical modifications at its N-terminus, including fatty acid conjugation, glycosylation and PEGylation, were carried out. The results showed that the introduction of hydrophobic fatty acids at the N-terminus of SAMP-A4 is better than hydrophilic glycosylation and PEGylation. With increasing fatty acid chain length, the stability of SAMP-A4 analogues in serum and trypsin solutions is significantly improved, and the activities against MDR bacteria and Candida are significantly enhanced. There is no obvious change in haemolysis even when hexanoic acid is coupled with SAMP-A4, so the resulting analogue SAMP-A4-C6, SAMP-A4 conjugated with hexanoic acid, is the most likely of the analogues to become a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songlin He
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kedong Yin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Yi
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nanqi Pei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Leonard TE, Siratan E, Hartiadi LY, Crystalia AA. Insights into antimicrobial peptides in fighting anthrax: A review. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:754-766. [PMID: 33580543 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax is an infectious disease occurring worldwide and is a threat to global society due to its possible misuse as a biological weapon. Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of this disease which can be transmitted via inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Globally, it is estimated around 2000 anthrax cases occur per year. Upon infection, the organism can cause cytolysis of macrophage and produce exotoxin capable of inducing edema and lymphatic blockage. Another challenge posed by the organism is the ability to form spores in harsh conditions. Various antibiotics have been used to fight the disease. However, like many other microbes, B. anthracis may develop resistance, thus the discovery of new therapeutics is urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been discovered since 1980s and attracted researchers in the antimicrobial field. In this review, the work and studies on the attempts to discover potent AMPs to treat anthrax together with the brief overview of the synthesis and modification pathways of several AMPs have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Ebenezer Leonard
- Department of Pharmacy, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elsabda Siratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Leonny Yulita Hartiadi
- Department of Pharmacy, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Audrey Amira Crystalia
- Department of Pharmacy, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
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6
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Modulation of Endolysin LysECD7 Bactericidal Activity by Different Peptide Tag Fusion. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030440. [PMID: 32178329 PMCID: PMC7175214 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant endolysins is a promising approach for antimicrobial therapy capable of counteracting the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. To obtain the necessary biotechnological product, diverse peptide tags are often fused to the endolysin sequence to simplify enzyme purification, improve its ability to permeabilize the bacterial outer membrane, etc. We compared the effects of two different types of protein modifications on endolysin LysECD7 bactericidal activity in vitro and demonstrated that it is significantly modulated by specific permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides, as well as by widely used histidine tags. Thus, the tags selected for the study of endolysins and during the development of biotechnological preparations should be used with the appropriate precautions to minimize false conclusions about endolysin properties. Further, modifications of LysECD7 allowed us to obtain a lytic enzyme that was largely devoid of the disadvantages of the native protein and was active over the spectra of conditions, with high in vitro bactericidal activity not only against Gram-negative, but also against Gram-positive, bacteria. This opens up the possibility of developing effective antimicrobials based on N-terminus sheep myeloid peptide of 29 amino acids (SMAP)-modified LysECD7 that can be highly active not only during topical treatment but also for systemic applications in the bloodstream and tissues.
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7
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Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptides: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Equilibria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:175-214. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cho HS, Soundrarajan N, Le Van Chanh Q, Jeon H, Cha SY, Kang M, Ahn B, Hong K, Song H, Kim JH, Oh KS, Park C. The novel cathelicidin of naked mole rats, Hg-CATH, showed potent antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. Gene 2018; 676:164-170. [PMID: 29981419 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed the in silico genome-wide identification of antimicrobial peptides against the available genome sequence of the naked mole rat Heterocephalus glaber (H. glaber). Our results showed the presence of Hg-CATH, the single cathelicidin containing the antimicrobial domain in H. glaber. We chemically synthesized a 25 amino-acid peptide (ΔHg-CATH) corresponding to the predicted antimicrobial-active core region of Hg-CATH, and evaluated its antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strains. The ΔHg-CATH peptide exhibited strong bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria, including a multi-drug resistant strain, while showing low toxicity towards mammalian cells, including erythrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy images of bacterial cells treated with ΔHg-CATH showed disruption of their membranes due to the formation of toroidal pores. Identifying novel antimicrobial peptides, such as Hg-CATH, may be important for identifying candidate peptides for the control of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Quy Le Van Chanh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeoun Cha
- Department of Infectious and Avian Diseases, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - ByeongYong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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In Vitro activity of novel glycopolymer against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191522. [PMID: 29342216 PMCID: PMC5771624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a serious threat to public health. Progress in developing new therapeutics is being outpaced by antibiotic resistance development, and alternative agents that rapidly permeabilize bacteria hold tremendous potential for treating MDR infections. A new class of glycopolymers includes polycationic poly-N (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG) is under development as an alternative to traditional antibiotic strategies to treat MRSA infections. This study demonstrates the antibacterial activity of PAAG against clinical isolates of methicillin and mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus was rapidly killed by PAAG, which completely eradicated 88% (15/17) of all tested strains (6-log reduction in CFU) in ≤ 12-hours at doses that are non-toxic to mammalian cells. PAAG also sensitized all the clinical MRSA strains (17/17) to oxacillin as demonstrated by the observed reduction in the oxacillin MIC to below the antibiotic resistance breakpoint. The effect of PAAG and standard antibiotics including vancomycin, oxacillin, mupirocin and bacitracin on MRSA permeability was studied by measuring propidium iodide (PI) uptake by bacterial cells. Antimicrobial resistance studies showed that S. aureus developed resistance to PAAG at a rate slower than to mupirocin but similar to bacitracin. PAAG was observed to resensitize drug-resistant S. aureus strains sampled from passage 13 and 20 of the multi-passage resistance study, reducing MICs of mupirocin and bacitracin below their clinical sensitivity breakpoints. This class of bacterial permeabilizing glycopolymers may provide a new tool in the battle against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Hao K, Chen XH, Qi XZ, Yu XB, Du EQ, Ling F, Zhu B, Wang GX. Protective immunity of grass carp induced by DNA vaccine encoding capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus using bacterial ghost as delivery vehicles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:414-425. [PMID: 28300681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most pathogenic aquareovirus and can cause lethal hemorrhagic disease in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). However, management of GCRV infection remains a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective means for the control of its infection. The uses of bacterial ghost (BG, non-living bacteria) as carriers for DNA delivery have received considerable attentions in veterinary and human vaccines studies. Nevertheless, there is still no report about intramuscular administration of bacterial ghost-based DNA vaccines in fish. In the current study, a novel vaccine based on Escherichia coli DH5α bacterial ghost (DH5α-BG), delivering a major capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus encoded DNA vaccine was developed to enhance the efficacy of a vp7 DNA vaccine against GCRV in grass carp. The grass carp was injected intramuscularly by different treatments -i) naked pcDNA-vp7 (containing plasmid 1, 2.5 and 5 μg, respectively), ii) DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 (containing plasmid 1, 2.5 and 5 μg, respectively) and iii) naked pcDNA, DH5α-BG or phosphate buffered saline. The immune responses and disease resistance of grass carp were assessed in different groups, and results indicated that the antibody levels, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immune-related genes were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 vaccine (DNA dose ranged from 2.5 to 5 μg). In addition, the relative percentage survival were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 vaccine and the relative percentage survival reached to 90% in DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 group than that of naked pcDNA-vp7 (42.22%) at the highest DNA dose (5 μg) after 14 days of post infection. Moreover, the level of pcDNA-vp7 plasmid was higher in DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 groups than naked pcDNA-vp7 groups in muscle and kidneys tissues after 21 days. Overall, those results suggested that DH5α bacterial ghost based DNA vaccine might be used as a promising vaccine for aquatic animals to fight against GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - En-Qi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Antimicrobial activity, improved cell selectivity and mode of action of short PMAP-36-derived peptides against bacteria and Candida. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27258. [PMID: 27251456 PMCID: PMC4890124 DOI: 10.1038/srep27258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention as promising antibiotic candidates, but some obstacles such as toxicity and high synthesis cost must be addressed before developing them further. For developing short peptides with improved cell selectivity, we designed a series of modified PMAP-36 analogues. Antimicrobial assays showed that decreasing chain length in a certain range retained the high antimicrobial activity of the parental peptide and reduced hemolysis. The 18-mer peptide RI18 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi, and its hemolytic activity was observably lower than PMAP-36 and melittin. The selectivity indexes of RI18 against bacteria and fungi were improved approximately 19-fold and 108-fold, respectively, compared to PMAP-36. In addition, serum did not affect the antibacterial activity of RI18 against E. coli but inhibited the antifungal efficiency against C. albicans. Flow cytometry and electron microscopy observation revealed that RI18 killed microbial cells primarily by damaging membrane integrity, leading to whole cell lysis. Taken together, these results suggest that RI18 has potential for further therapeutic research against frequently-encountered bacteria and fungi. Meanwhile, modification of AMPs is a promising strategy for developing novel antimicrobials to overcome drug-resistance.
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Jacob B, Rajasekaran G, Kim EY, Park IS, Bang JK, Shin SY. The stereochemical effect of SMAP-29 and SMAP-18 on bacterial selectivity, membrane interaction and anti-inflammatory activity. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1241-51. [PMID: 26795535 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 (SMAP-29) is a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide derived from sheep myeloid cells. In order to investigate the effects of L-to-D-amino acid substitution in SMAP-29 on bacterial selectivity, membrane interaction and anti-inflammatory activity, we synthesized its two D-enantiomeric peptides (SMAP-29-E1 and SMAP-29-E2 containing D-Ile and D-allo-Ile, respectively) and two diastereomeric peptides (SMAP-29-D1 and SMAP-29-D2). Additionally, in order to address the effect of L-to-D-amino acid substitution in the N-terminal helical peptide of SMAP-29 (named SMAP-18) on antimicrobial activity, we synthesized its two D-enantiomeric peptides (SMAP-18-E1 and SMAP-18-E2), which are composed of D-amino acids entirely. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in membrane-targeting AMP, SMAP-29 did not affect its antimicrobial activity. However, D-allo-Ile containing-SMAP-29-E2 and SMAP-29-D2 exhibited less hemolytic activity compared to D-Ile containing-SMAP-29-E1 and SMAP-29-D1, respectively. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in intracellular targeting-AMPs, SMAP-18 and buforin-2 improved antimicrobial activity by 2- to eightfold. The improved antimicrobial activity of the D-isomers of SMAP-18 and buforin-2 seems to be due to the stability against proteases inside bacterial cells. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage suggested that the membrane-disruptive mode of SMAP-29-D1 and SMAP-29-D2 is different from that of SMAP-29, SMAP-29-E1, and SMAP-29-E2. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in SMAP-29 improved anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, we propose here that D-allo-Ile substitution is a more powerful strategy for increasing bacterial selectivity than D-Ile substitution in the design of D-enantiomeric and diastereomeric AMPs. SMAP-29-D1, and SMAP-29-D2 with improved bacterial selectivity and anti-inflammatory activity can serve as promising candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Jacob
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Zare-Zardini H, Taheri-Kafrani A, Ordooei M, Ebrahimi L, Tolueinia B, Soleimanizadeh M. Identification and biochemical characterization of a new antibacterial and antifungal peptide derived from the insect Sphodromantis viridis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:433-40. [PMID: 25869360 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are members of the immune system that protect the host from infection. In this study, a potent and structurally novel antimicrobial peptide was isolated and characterized from praying mantis Sphodromantis viridis. This 14-amino acid peptide was purified by RP-HPLC. Tandem mass spectrometry was used for sequencing this peptide, and the results showed that the peptide belongs to the Mastoparan family. The peptide was named Mastoparan-S. Mastoparan-S demonstrated that it has antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi), and it was found to be more potent than common antibiotics such as kanamycin. Mastoparan-S showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive ones and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Mastoparan-S are 15.1-28.3 µg/ml for bacterial and 19.3-24.6 µg/ml for fungal pathogens. In addition, this newly described peptide showed low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Mastoparan-S was also evaluated on monolayer of normal human cells (HeLa) by MTT assay, and the results illustrated that Mastoparan-S had significant cytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 40 µg/ml and had no any cytotoxicity at the MIC (≤30 µg/ml). The findings of the present study reveal that this newly described peptide can be introduced as an appropriate candidate for treatment of topical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
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14
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Roach DR, Donovan DM. Antimicrobial bacteriophage-derived proteins and therapeutic applications. BACTERIOPHAGE 2015; 5:e1062590. [PMID: 26442196 DOI: 10.1080/21597081.2015.1062590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have the remarkable power to control bacterial infections. Unfortunately, widespread use, whether regarded as prudent or not, has favored the emergence and persistence of antibiotic resistant strains of human pathogenic bacteria, resulting in a global health threat. Bacteriophages (phages) are parasites that invade the cells of virtually all known bacteria. Phages reproduce by utilizing the host cell's machinery to replicate viral proteins and genomic material, generally damaging and killing the cell in the process. Thus, phage can be exploited therapeutically as bacteriolytic agents against bacteria. Furthermore, understanding of the molecular processes involved in the viral life cycle, particularly the entry and cell lysis steps, has led to the development of viral proteins as antibacterial agents. Here we review the current preclinical state of using phage-derived endolysins, virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases, polysaccharide depolymerases, and holins for the treatment of bacterial infection. The scope of this review is a focus on the viral proteins that have been assessed for protective effects against human pathogenic bacteria in animal models of infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne R Roach
- Molecular Biology of the Genes in Extremophiles; Department of Microbiology; Institute Pasteur ; Paris, France
| | - David M Donovan
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory; NEA; Agricultural Research Service; US Department of Agriculture ; Beltsville, MD USA
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15
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Bacterial killing mechanism of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18 (SMAP-18) and its Trp-substituted analog with improved cell selectivity and reduced mammalian cell toxicity. Amino Acids 2013; 46:187-98. [PMID: 24221355 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop short antimicrobial peptide with improved cell selectivity and reduced mammalian cell toxicity compared to sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 (SMAP-29) and elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for their antimicrobial action, we synthesized a N-terminal 18-residue peptide amide (SMAP-18) from SMAP-29 and its Trp-substituted analog (SMAP-18-W). Due to their reduced hemolytic activity and retained antimicrobial activity, SMAP-18 and SMAP-18-W showed higher cell selectivity than SMAP-29. In addition, SMAP-18 and SMAP-18-W had no cytotoxicity against three different mammalian cells such as RAW 264.7, NIH-3T3 and HeLa cells even at 100 μM. These results suggest that SMAP-18 and SMAP-18-W have potential for future development as novel therapeutic antimicrobial agent. Unlike SMAP-29, SMAP-18 and SMAP-18-W showed relatively weak ability to induce dye leakage from bacterial membrane-mimicking liposomes, N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (NPN) uptake and o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG) hydrolysis. Similar to SMAP-29, SMAP-18-W led to a significant membrane depolarization (> 80%) against Staphylococcus aureus at 2 × MIC. In contrast, SMAP-18 did not cause any membrane depolarization even at 4 × MIC. In confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed translocation of SMAP-18 across the membrane in a non-membrane disruptive manner. SMAP-29 and SMAP-18-W were unable to translocate the bacterial membrane. Collectively, we propose here that SMAP-29 and SMAP-18-W kill microorganisms by disrupting/perturbing the lipid bilayer and forming pore/ion channels on bacterial cell membranes, respectively. In contrast, SMAP-18 may kill bacteria via intracellular-targeting mechanism.
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16
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Wade JD, Lin F, Hossain MA, Dawson RM. Chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of an antimicrobial peptide gonococcal growth inhibitor. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2279-83. [PMID: 22555649 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gonococcal growth inhibitor 1 (GGI-1) is a 44-residue peptide with potent anti-Legionella activity. It has been isolated from Staphylococcus haemolyticus but, to date, its chemical synthesis has not been reported. Acquisition of this peptide via this means would enable a more detailed examination of its antimicrobial properties. However, its synthesis represents a significant challenge because of two predicted "difficult sequences" within the peptide. Its successful solid-phase assembly is reported in this paper, and was accomplished by use of simple palliative measures including the introduction of a single pseudo-proline isostere in order to counteract on-resin aggregation. The peptide had moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli but was inactive against another Gram-negative bacterium and two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus species). It had significant haemolytic activity, with a H(50) (concentration of peptide that causes 50 % haemolysis) of 20 and 125 μM for two blood samples from different donors. An alternative therapeutic index to that proposed for GGI-1 in a recent publication is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Wade
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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17
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Potent antimicrobial peptides with selectivity for Bacillus anthracis over human erythrocytes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 38:237-42. [PMID: 21741801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 39 antimicrobial peptides, most with documented low haemolytic activity and potent efficacy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, were evaluated for their haemolytic activity against human red blood cells as well as their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia thailandensis, Bacillus globigii and Bacillus anthracis. The majority of the peptides had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <10 μM against B. globigii. However, only eight of these (CaLL, Ci-MAM-A24, LLaMA, Ltc2a, OV-5, papillosin, smapspin and smapspin-G) had a MIC<10 μM against B. anthracis. All except one (papillosin) were ineffective at 100 μM against B. thailandensis and none had potent activity against E. coli. Potent activity against B. anthracis was associated with significant haemolytic activity, but the ratio of the concentration of peptide that caused 50% haemolysis to the concentration that inhibited growth of B. anthracis by 50% (the therapeutic index) varied from 0.8 to 34.2. Two peptides (papillosin and Ltc2a) had a therapeutic index >30 and could be considered as candidates for further development for potential medical countermeasures against anthrax. Although B. globigii has often been used as a non-pathogenic simulant for B. anthracis, in this study it was found that the sensitivity of B. globigii to peptides was not a reliable predictor of the sensitivity of B. anthracis to the same peptides.
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18
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Brogden NK, Brogden KA. Will new generations of modified antimicrobial peptides improve their potential as pharmaceuticals? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 38:217-25. [PMID: 21733662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as potent pharmaceuticals is firmly established in the literature, and most research articles on this topic conclude by stating that AMPs represent promising therapeutic agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, early research in this field showed that AMPs were diverse in nature, had high activities with low minimal inhibitory concentrations, had broad spectrums of activity against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens, and could easily be manipulated to alter their specificities, reduce their cytotoxicities and increase their antimicrobial activities. Unfortunately, commercial development of these peptides, for even the simplest of applications, has been very limited. With some peptides there are obstacles with their manufacture, in vivo efficacy and in vivo retention. More recently, the focus has shifted. Contemporary research now uses a more sophisticated approach to develop AMPs that surmount many of these prior obstacles. AMP mimetics, hybrid AMPs, AMP congeners, cyclotides and stabilised AMPs, AMP conjugates and immobilised AMPs have all emerged with selective or 'targeted' antimicrobial activities, improved retention, or unique abilities that allow them to bind to medical or industrial surfaces. These groups of new peptides have creative medical and industrial application potentials to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and septic shock, to preserve food or to sanitise surfaces both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Brogden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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