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Aleem MT, Munir F, Shakoor A, Gao F. mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases and future direction. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112320. [PMID: 38788451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are used for the control of infectious diseases of animals. Over other types of vaccinations like live attenuated or killed vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines have significant advantages. As only a small portion of the pathogen's genetic material is employed and the dose rate of mRNA-based vaccines is low, there is the least possibility that the pathogen will reverse itself. A carrier or vehicle that shields mRNA-based vaccines from the host's cellular RNases is necessary for their delivery. mRNA vaccines have been shown to be effective and to induce both a cell-mediated immune response and a humoral immune response in clinical trials against various infectious diseases (viral and parasitic) affecting the animals, including rabies, foot and mouth disease, toxoplasmosis, Zikavirus, leishmaniasis, and COVID-19. The current review aims to highlight the use of mRNA-based vaccines both in viral and parasitic diseases of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Clevaland State University, Clevaland, OH 44115, USA.
| | - Furqan Munir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shakoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Deng Y, Song L, Huang J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhao H, Liu D. Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorates experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110969. [PMID: 38522565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that the reduced Memory B cells (MBCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), rendering them a potential therapeutic target for UC intervention. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a primary active constituent derived from the classic traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (AM), has been used for centuries in the treatment of UC in both human and animal subjects due to its renowned immunomodulatory properties. However, it is unknown whether APS can regulate MBCs to alleviate experimental colitis. In the present investigation, the murine colitis was successfully induced using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and subsequently treated with APS for a duration of 7 days. APS exhibited significant efficacy in reducing the disease activity index (DAI), colonic weight index, the index of colonic weight/colonic length. Furthermore, APS mitigated colonic pathological injuries, restored the colonic length, elevated the immunoglobulin A (IgA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels, while concurrently suppressing IgG, IgM, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Crucially, the quantities of MBCs, IgA+MBCs and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) MBCs were notably increased along with a concurrent decrease in IgG1+MBCs, IG2a+MBCs, IgG2b+MBCs after APS administration in colitis mice. Additionally, the Mitotracker red expressions of MBCs and their subgroups demonstrated a significantly up-regulation. Meanwhile, the transcriptomics analysis identified mitochondrial metabolism as the predominant and pivotal mechanism underlying APS-mediated mitigation of DSS-induced colitis. Key differentially expressed genes, including B-cell linker (BLNK), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), paired box gene 5 (PAX5), purinergic 2 × 7 receptor (P2X7R), B Cell activation factor (BAFF), B Cell activation factor receptor (BAFFR), CD40, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IL-6 and so on were implicated in this process. These mRNA expressions were validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. These findings revealed that APS effectively restored MBCs and their balance to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, which was potentially realized via promoting mitochondrial metabolism to maintain MBCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lizhao Song
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Lu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; School of Nursing, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Zhou Y, Wang F, Li G, Xu J, Zhang J, Gullen E, Yang J, Wang J. From immune checkpoints to therapies: understanding immune checkpoint regulation and the influence of natural products and traditional medicine on immune checkpoint and immunotherapy in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340307. [PMID: 38426097 PMCID: PMC10902058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease of global concern, and immunotherapy has brought lung cancer therapy to a new era. Besides promising effects in the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and low response rates are problems unsolved. Natural products and traditional medicine with an immune-modulating nature have the property to influence immune checkpoint expression and can improve immunotherapy's effect with relatively low toxicity. This review summarizes currently approved immunotherapy and the current mechanisms known to regulate immune checkpoint expression in lung cancer. It lists natural products and traditional medicine capable of influencing immune checkpoints or synergizing with immunotherapy in lung cancer, exploring both their effects and underlying mechanisms. Future research on immune checkpoint modulation and immunotherapy combination applying natural products and traditional medicine will be based on a deeper understanding of their mechanisms regulating immune checkpoints. Continued exploration of natural products and traditional medicine holds the potential to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse reactions of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth Gullen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yao Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z. The combination of vaccines and adjuvants to prevent the occurrence of high incidence of infectious diseases in bovine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243835. [PMID: 37885619 PMCID: PMC10598632 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population grows, the demand for beef and dairy products is also increasing. The cattle industry is facing tremendous pressures and challenges. The expanding cattle industry has led to an increased risk of disease in cattle. These diseases not only cause economic losses but also pose threats to public health and safety. Hence, ensuring the health of cattle is crucial. Vaccination is one of the most economical and effective methods of preventing bovine infectious diseases. However, there are fewer comprehensive reviews of bovine vaccines available. In addition, the variable nature of bovine infectious diseases will result in weakened or even ineffective immune protection from existing vaccines. This shows that it is crucial to improve overall awareness of bovine vaccines. Adjuvants, which are crucial constituents of vaccines, have a significant role in enhancing vaccine response. This review aims to present the latest advances in bovine vaccines mainly including types of bovine vaccines, current status of development of commonly used vaccines, and vaccine adjuvants. In addition, this review highlights the main challenges and outstanding problems of bovine vaccines and adjuvants in the field of research and applications. This review provides a theoretical and practical basis for the eradication of global bovine infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Jin S, He L, Yang C, He X, Chen H, Feng Y, Tang W, Li J, Liu D, Li T. Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1994-2005. [PMID: 37300752 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals, trace elements are essential for the development of the immune system, specifically T-cell proliferation, and differentiation. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of certain trace elements on T-cell immune phenotypes and functions in pigs. In this review, we summarize the specificity, development, subpopulations, and responses to pathogens of porcine T cells and the effects of functional trace elements (e.g., iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on intestinal T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends of research on the crosstalk mechanisms between trace elements and T-cell immunity. The present review expands our knowledge of the association between trace elements and T-cell immunity and provides an opportunity to utilize the metabolism of trace elements as a target to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Chenbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Xinmiao He
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Heshu Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Tiejun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Li R, Shi C, Wei C, Wang C, Du H, Hong Q, Chen X. Fufang shenhua tablet, astragali radix and its active component astragaloside IV: Research progress on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms in the kidney. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131635. [PMID: 37089929 PMCID: PMC10113559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the limited treatment options available for kidney disease, a significant number of patients turn to alternative therapies, including traditional Chinese medicine. Among these therapies, the Fufang Shenhua tablet (SHT) has garnered attention for its effectiveness in addressing the most common deficiency of Qi and Yin in chronic glomerulonephritis. Notably, the sovereign drug of SHT is Astragali Radix (AR), with the most abundant and effective component being Astragaloside IV (AS-IV). AS-IV has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and it is extensively used in treating kidney diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action are numerous and intricate, and a comprehensive understanding is yet to be achieved.Aim of the review: Thus, we have thoroughly examined the existing research and outlined the advancements made in investigating the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of SHT, AR and its active component AS-IV, in relation to kidney health. This serves as a dependable foundation for conducting more comprehensive investigations, evaluating efficacy, and making further improvements in the future.Materials and methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search utilizing multiple globally recognized databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, and CNKI. The search keywords used in this study were “Fufang Shenhua tablet,” “Astragali Radix,” “Astragaloside IV,” and “Anti-inflammatory” or “Immunity.”Results: The mechanism of inflammation inhibition by SHT, AR and its active component AS-IV is mainly related to the signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TLRs, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK-STAT. Immunomodulation exerts not only activating, stimulating, and regulating effects on macrophages and dendritic cells, but also on immune organs, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and a myriad of cytokines. Moreover, the SHT, AR and its active component AS-IV also demonstrate regulatory effects on renal cells, including glomerular mesangial cells, tubular epithelial cells, and podocytes.Conclusion: To summarize, SHT, AR and its active component AS-IV, exhibit notable therapeutic effects in kidney-related ailments, and their molecular mechanisms for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects have been extensively explored. However, further standard clinical trials are necessary to evaluate their safety and efficacy in the adjunctive treatment of kidney-related diseases. Moreover, in-depth studies of unverified chemical components and regulatory mechanisms in SHT are required. It is our belief that with continued research, SHT, AR and its active component AS-IV are poised to pave the way for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in kidney-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Li
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chunru Shi
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Wei
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjian Du
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Hong, ; Xiangmei Chen,
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Hong, ; Xiangmei Chen,
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Shao Y, Peng Q, Wu Y, Peng C, Wang S, Zou L, Qi M, Peng C, Liu H, Li R, Xiong X, Yin Y. The Effect of an Essential Oil Blend on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Microbiota in Early-Weaned Piglets. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020450. [PMID: 36678320 PMCID: PMC9862375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are promising feed additives for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing abilities with low toxicity. Carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde are commonly used to synthesize EO. However, few studies focus on combining these three EO in early-weaned piglets. In the present study, 24 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were randomly divided into 2 groups (6 replicate pens per group, 2 piglets per pen). The piglets were fed a basal diet (the control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg EO (a blend consisting of carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde, the EO group) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, one piglet per pen was randomly chosen to be sacrificed. Growth performance, hematology, plasma biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, intestinal epithelial development and immunity, colonic volatile fatty acids (VFA), and microbiota were determined. The results indicated that the diet supplemented with EO significantly improved average daily feed intake (ADFI, p < 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05) in the day 0 to 28 period. EO supplementation led to a significant decrease in plasma lysozyme (p < 0.05) and cortisol levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, EO significantly promoted jejunal goblet cells in the villus, jejunal mucosa ZO-1 mRNA expression, ileal villus height, and ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio in piglets (p < 0.05). The ileal mucosal TLR4 and NFκB p-p65/p65 protein expression were significantly inhibited in the EO group (p < 0.05). Colonic digesta microbiota analysis revealed that bacteria involving the Erysipelotrichaceae family, Holdemanella genus, Phascolarctobacterium genus, and Vibrio genus were enriched in the EO group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the EO blend improves ADG and ADFI in the day 0 to 28 period, as well as intestinal epithelial development and intestinal immunity in early-weaned piglets, which provides a theoretical basis for the combined use of EO in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Qingyun Peng
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Changfeng Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Ming Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Can Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xia Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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8
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Dehkordi EA, Heidari-Soureshjani E, Aryan A, Ganjirad Z, Soveyzi F, Hoseinsalari A, Derisi MM, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antiviral Compounds Based on Natural ASTRAGALUS POLYSACCHARIDE (APS): Researches and Foresight in the Strategies for Combating SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2299-2307. [PMID: 35232341 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220301143113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Today, finding natural polymers with desirable properties for use in various industries is one of the critical axes of research in the world. Polysaccharides are a group of natural polymers that have various applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The attachment of monosaccharides forms polysaccharides through glycosidic bonds that are widely found in various sources, including plants. Genus Astragalus belongs to the Fabaceae family. Plants belonging to this genus have different polysaccharides. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have attracted a great deal of attention among natural polymers because they are non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Currently, APS has great drug potential for curing or treating various diseases. Due to the different biological activities of polysaccharides, including Astragalus, this study has investigated the chemical structure of APS, research report on antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and stimulation of cytokine secretion by these polysaccharides. Also, in this study, the pharmaceutical approaches of APS compounds, as a natural, new and inexpensive source, have been discussed as suitable candidates for use in pharmaceutical formulations and preparation of new drugs to control COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Aleebrahim Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ehsan Heidari-Soureshjani
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- SaNa Zist Pardaz Co, Member of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Science and Technology Park, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alisam Aryan
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ganjirad
- Student research committee, Hamedan University of medical sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Soveyzi
- Medical Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Hoseinsalari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mehdi Derisi
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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9
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Wan X, Yin Y, Zhou C, Hou L, Cui Q, Zhang X, Cai X, Wang Y, Wang L, Tian J. Polysaccharides derived from Chinese medicinal herbs: A promising choice of vaccine adjuvants. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118739. [PMID: 34823775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for a long time to promote the body's immune response, reducing vaccine dosage and production costs. Although many vaccine adjuvants are developed, the use in human vaccines is limited because of either limited action or side effects. Therefore, the development of new vaccine adjuvants is required. Many studies have found that natural polysaccharides derived from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possess good immune promoting effects and simultaneously improve humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity. Recently polysaccharide adjuvants have attracted much attention in vaccine preparation because of their intrinsic characteristics: immunomodulation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and safety. This review article systematically analysed the literature on polysaccharides possessing vaccine adjuvant activity from TCM plants, such as Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP), Isatis indigotica root polysaccharides (IRPS), etc. and their derivatives. We believe that polysaccharide adjuvants can be used to prepare the vaccines for clinical use provided their mechanisms of action are studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
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TANG Z, WANG Y, HUANG Y. Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits apoptosis and inflammation to alleviate chronic atrophic gastritis through NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi WANG
- Xiaochang County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Yan HUANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, China
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11
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Evidence of immunogenic cancer cell death induced by honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112948. [PMID: 34826423 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Honey-processed Astragalus is a dosage form of Radix Astragalus mixed with honey by a traditional Chinese medicine processing method which improves immune activity. This pharmacological activity of honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharide (HP-APS) might be due to structural changes during the honey roasting process. Previously, we have prepared and characterized HP-APS and preliminarily found its anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether the pharmacodynamic activity of HP-APS induces tumor cell apoptosis and the mechanisms responsible for the immunogenic death (ICD) have not been elucidated. Here, A549, MC38 and B16 cells were used to evaluate the cells viability, apoptosis and cell cycles, respectively. Cellular immunogenic cell death-related molecules calreticulin (CRT), Heat Shock Proteins (HSP)70, major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), and co-stimulator molecules CD80/CD86 were determined by flow cytometry. The extracellular ATP release was also detected. B16-OVA and MC38-OVA cells were treated with HP-APS and co-cultivated with OT1 mouse of CD3+T cells for assessment of proliferation, in mice model, and the establishment of C57BL/B6 mouse model bearing B16 cells for assessment of HP-APS the regulation of immune activity in vivo. Our results showed that HP-APS has an inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation, which induces tumor cell apoptosis, preventing cells-transforming from G1 phase to S phase in cell cycles. Furthermore, HP-APS could effectively increase the expression of HSP70, CRT, MHC-I, CD86, CD80 and ATP release. T cell proliferation index is significantly improved. CD3 cell proliferation in OT1 mice was significantly increased from the 4th generation to the 5th generation. Moreover, the results have also shown that HP-APS could inhibit tumor growth by increasing immune cell infiltration in the tumor tissues. In the mouse melanoma model with HP-APS treatment, the tumor weight and volume were significantly reduced, and the growth of melanoma was inhibited. CD8+ T is significantly increased. The ratio of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells numbers are also significantly increased in mouse spleen, but it is less than PD-1 alone treatment separately. Altogether, these findings suggest that HP-APS exerts anti-tumor effects, and that its underlying mechanisms might be associated with the expression of immunogenicity cell death related molecules and the immunomodulatory effects of immune cells.
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12
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Chen X, Han W, Wang G, Zhao X. Application prospect of polysaccharides in the development of anti-novel coronavirus drugs and vaccines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:331-343. [PMID: 32679328 PMCID: PMC7358770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a great threat to public health. This is the third serious coronavirus outbreak in <20 years, following SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. So far, there are almost no specific clinically effective drugs and vaccines available for COVID-19. Polysaccharides with good safety, immune regulation and antiviral activity have broad application prospects in anti-virus, especially in anti-coronavirus applications. Here, we reviewed the antiviral mechanisms of some polysaccharides, such as glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides, and their application progress in anti-coronavirus. In particular, the application prospects of polysaccharide-based vaccine adjuvants, nanomaterials and drug delivery systems in the fight against novel coronavirus were also analyzed and summarized. Additionally, we speculate the possible mechanisms of polysaccharides anti-SARS-CoV-2, and propose the strategy of loading S or N protein from coronavirus onto polysaccharide capped gold nanoparticles vaccine for COVID-19 treatment. This review may provide a new approach for the development of COVID-19 therapeutic agents and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Opinions on the current pandemic of COVID-19: Use functional food to boost our immune functions. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1811-1817. [PMID: 32948484 PMCID: PMC7831995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of novel coronavirus caused COVID-19 had resulted in a high number of hospitalizations and deaths and caused a devastating toll on human and society health. The symptoms of the infected patients vary significantly, from life-threatening to mild or even asymptomatic. This clinical observation led to hypothesize on the critical role of host innate immunity in the disease development and progression. As the first defense barrier against microorganisms, the innate immune reaction determines not only the viral infection rate but also immune-mediated response. Therefore, promote healthy behaviors to enhance innate immunity with functional food and nutritional agents may be a rational strategy for minimizing damages caused by viruses to global health.
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14
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Cheng L, Lei Y, Kim IH. Dietary Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula extracts mixture supplementation increases the growth performance and foot-and mouth disease antibody titers in growing-finishing pigs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Di Sotto A, Vitalone A, Di Giacomo S. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E468. [PMID: 32842641 PMCID: PMC7563161 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Chen Z, Liu L, Gao C, Chen W, Vong CT, Yao P, Yang Y, Li X, Tang X, Wang S, Wang Y. Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112895. [PMID: 32330511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese), the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., possesses diverse therapeutic effects against fatigue, dyspepsia, diarrhea, heart diseases, hepatitis, and anemia. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated the multiple immunomodulatory activities of AR in preclinical and clinical studies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review attempts to elaborate the immunomodulatory effects of AR and its potential application in the treatment of immune related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search AR was carried out using multiple internationally recognized databases (including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and CNKI). RESULTS The immunomodulatory effects of AR are closely attributed to its active constituents such as polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. We also demonstrate that AR can be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for immune related diseases through regulating immune organs, mucosal immune, and immune system (innate immunity and acquired immunity). CONCLUSION AR promotes the development of immune organs, enhances mucosal immune function, increases the quantity and phagocytic capacity of innate immunity, promotes the maturation and differentiation of acquired immunity cells, and improves the expression of antibodies in acquired immunity. We believe that AR has a broad research space in the adjuvant treatment of immune related diseases, which could be a breakthrough point to improve the application value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd, Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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He X, Fang J, Guo Q, Wang M, Li Y, Meng Y, Huang L. Advances in antiviral polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal plants and mushrooms. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Herbal Medicine Additives as Powerful Agents to Control and Prevent Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The complicated epidemiological situation of avian influenza viruses (AIV) caused by continuous emergence of new subtypes with failure of eradication, monitoring and vaccination strategies opens the door to alternative solutions to save the status quo and prevent new disasters for the poultry industry. Using of synthetic antiviral drugs such as neuraminidase and hemagglutinin inhibitors has been limited due to development of drug resistance and expensive commercial application. One of the most promising alternatives is herbal products and botanicals. This review presents a comprehensive and specialized view of in vivo studies of herbal plants in poultry species. Many herbal extracts as Nigella sativa oil, Astragalus, Cochinchina momordica and Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides proved very effective as adjuvants for AIV vaccines. Another beneficial role of herbs is enhancement of host response to vaccination with further better prevention of infection and easier control. For enumeration not inventory, this is best achieved with the use of virgin coconut oil, Echinacea purpurea, Ginseng stem-and-leaf saponins (GSLS), Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), Myrtus communis oil, Garlic powder, Turmeric, Thyme and Curcumin. This review aimed to evaluate most of the in vivo studies performed on poultry species as a step and a guide for scientists and field practitioners in establishment of new effective herbal-based drugs for prevention and control of AIV in poultry.
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Shan C, Sun B, Dalloul RA, Zhai Z, Sun P, Li M, Yang S, Luan W. Effect of the oral administration of astragalus polysaccharides on jejunum mucosal immunity in chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103621. [PMID: 31310831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are a traditional Chinese medicine with a therapeutic effect by enhancing immune function; however, the underlying functional mechanism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of oral administration of APS on jejunum mucosal immunity in chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND). One-day-old Hy-Line male chickens were divided into five groups of 20 chicks each: three APS groups, one vaccinated control (VC) group and one non-vaccinated negative control (NC) group. On d 10, the APS groups were orally administered 0.5 mL of APS at doses of 1 mg/mL (APSL), 2 mg/mL (APSM) and 4 mg/mL (APSH) daily for 4 consecutive days. The chicks in the control groups were administered 0.5 mL saline for those 4 days. All groups except NC were administered a ND virus (NDV) vaccine on day 14. The jejunum was removed from 4 randomly selected chickens of each group at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after vaccination. The jejunal villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) were measured and the VH:CD ratio calculated. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the differences of IgA+ cells in the jejunum. NDV specific secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in jejunal contents were detected using an indirect ELISA. At most time points, VH:CD ratios, number of IgA+ cells, and sIgA levels were significantly higher in the APS groups than those in VC and NC groups, but there were little differences among the three doses of APS groups. These results indicate that oral administration of APS could enhance the intestinal mucosal immune function of chickens, and APS could be used as a vaccine enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650210, China
| | - Bodong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine Feed Inspection in Guizhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Rami A Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Maohui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Shubao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Weimin Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Yang CM, Han QJ, Wang KL, Xu YL, Lan JH, Cao GT. Astragalus and Ginseng Polysaccharides Improve Developmental, Intestinal Morphological, and Immune Functional Characters of Weaned Piglets. Front Physiol 2019; 10:418. [PMID: 31031640 PMCID: PMC6473041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major issue in animal industries and antibiotic-free alternatives are needed to treat infectious diseases and improve performance of pigs. Plant extracts have been suggested as a potential solution. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (Aps) and ginseng polysaccharide (Gps) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune function, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and microfloral community in weaned piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups during a 28-days feeding experiment, including a basal diet (Con), basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Aps (Aps), and basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Gps (Gps). Results showed that both Aps and Gps increased body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion rate, and reduced the rate of diarrhea. Gps also decreased aspartate aminotransferase compared to the Con piglets after 14 days. No significant effects on alanine aminotransferase were observed. Both Aps and Gps piglets exhibited higher serum immunoglobulin M levels after 14 and 28 days, and also decreased jejunal crypt depth, increased jejunal villus length and villus height/crypt depth ratio, and increased expression of toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in the jejunum. Aps and Gps piglets also had higher concentrations of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and butyrate in their colon. Data of high-throughput sequencing revealed that Aps and Gps affected bacterial quantity and diversity in the colon. Species richness and evenness were higher in both Aps and Gps piglets than the control piglets. Aps and Gps piglets also had a higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Anaerostipes, and the Aps piglets had a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri and L. amylovorus. Therefore, dietary supplementation with Aps and Gps could be beneficial for optimizing the performance of industry pigs and reducing dependence on antibiotics. Furthermore, Plant polysaccharides play a great role in promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q. J. Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - K. L. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y. L. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J. H. Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G. T. Cao
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Wang D, Cao H, Li J, Zhao B, Wang Y, Zhang A, Huang J. Adjuvanticity of aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. for inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:191-199. [PMID: 30913435 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been developed to improve the efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine. The study aims to determine whether aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) as an immunoactivator in combination with inactivated FMDV vaccine can promote immune responses in mice. Intramuscular co-immunization in ICR mice with different doses of AEAR plus FMDV vaccine could substantially improve the FMDV-specific antibody production (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and lead to significant lymphocyte proliferative responses. Th1-type immune responses were also observed, including proliferative responses of CD8+, CD4+, CD4+CD44+, and CD8+CD44+ T cells and the killing efficacy of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. AEAR also elicited the higher levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells as well as the higher level of IFN-γ in CD8+ T cells. The medium dose of AEAR induced the significant adjuvant activity. Further tests in mice indicated that AEAR could activate DCs maturation by increasing the expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD86, CD80, and MHC-II) on dendritic cells (DCs) from splenocytes and reduce the activity of regulatory T cells (Treg). Abnormal behaviors, side effects or death were not observed in immunized mice. AEAR could boost humoral and cell-mediated immunity elicited by FMDV vaccine, especially Th1-type immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Tiankang Animal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830032, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Xinjiang Tiankang Animal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830032, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Tiankang Animal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Tiankang Animal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830032, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Jiong Huang
- Xinjiang Tiankang Animal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830032, China.
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Extraction, Structure, and Pharmacological Activities of Astragalus Polysaccharides. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are important bioactive components of Astragali Radix, the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this review, the extraction conditions and extraction rates of APS are first compared for water, microwave-assisted, ultrasonic wave, and enzymatic hydrolysis extraction methods. Some studies have also shown that different methods can be combined to improve the extraction rate of APS. Subsequently, the chemical composition and structure of APS are discussed, as related to the extraction and purification method. Most studies have shown that APS is mainly composed of glucose, in addition to rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. We also reviewed studies on the modification of APS using chemical methods, including sulfated modification using the chlorosulfonic acid–pyridine method, which is commonly used for chemical modification of APS. Finally, the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of APS are summarized, with a special focus on its immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. This review will serve as a valuable resource for the research on APS.
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Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like-2 is involved in the activation of macrophages by Astragalus polysaccharides in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7428-7434. [PMID: 29568914 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous years, studies have shown that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) can improve cellular immunity and humoral immune function, which has become a focus of investigations. Tumor necrosis factor‑α‑induced protein 8‑like 2 (TIPE2) is a negative regulator of immune reactions. However, the effect and underlying mechanisms of TIPE2 on the APS‑induced immune response remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the role of TIPE2 and its underlying mechanisms in the APS‑induced immune response. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was detected in macrophages in vitro following APS stimulation. In addition, the present study interfered with the expression of TIPE2 in macrophages, and examined the production of cytokines, NO and components of the mitogen‑activate protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway following APS stimulation. The results showed that APS was able to activate macrophages by inducing the production of interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑6 and NO. Furthermore, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with APS when TIPE2 was silenced, and it was found that the production of TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑1β and NO were upregulated, and the signaling pathway of MAPK was activated. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TIPE2 had an important negative effect on the APS‑induced production of inflammatory cytokines and NO via the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic. Aging Dis 2017; 8:868-886. [PMID: 29344421 PMCID: PMC5758356 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy and the Family Planning program of the 1970s - 1990s, China is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, the investigation of healthspan-extending drugs becomes more urgent. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) is a major medicinal herb that has been commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders, or marketed as life-prolonging extracts for human use in China, for more than 2000 years. The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Pharmacological research indicates that the extract component of Astragalus membranaceus can increase telomerase activity, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects. A proprietary extract of the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus, called TA-65, was associated with a significant age-reversal effect in the immune system. Our review focuses on the function and the underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus in lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer effects, based on experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit avian infectious bronchitis virus infection by regulating viral replication. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:124-128. [PMID: 29170045 PMCID: PMC7126552 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The avian coronavirus causes infectious bronchitis (IB), which is one of the most serious diseases affecting the avian industry worldwide. However, there are no effective strategies for controlling the IB virus (IBV) at present. Therefore, development of novel antiviral treatment strategies is urgently required. As reported, astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have potential antiviral effects against several viruses; however, the antiviral effect of APS against IBV remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether APS had the potential to inhibit IBV infectionby utilizing several in vitro experimental approaches. To this end, the effect of APS on the replication of IBV was examined in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells. Viral titers were calculated by using the plaque formation assay, and the cytotoxicity of APS was tested by utilizing a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of viral mRNA and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) mRNA transcripts was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). IBV titers in infected CEK cells treated with APS were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that APS inhibited IBV replication in vitro. We also found that the decreased viral replication after APS treatment was associated with reduced mRNA levels of the cytokines IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. In conclusion, these results suggest that APS exhibit antiviral activities against IBV and it may represent a potential therapeutic agent for inhibiting the replication of IBV.
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Zhuge Z, Dong Y, Li L, Jin T. Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on the adhesion-related immune response of endothelial cells stimulated with CSFV in vitro. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3862. [PMID: 29018607 PMCID: PMC5633024 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has immunomodulatory activities on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine endothelial cells (ECs) expose to classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remain unknown. Methods The virus was titrated using an indirect immune biotin enzyme standard method to confirm that porcine ECs were susceptible to CSFV infection and to determine the TCID50 of CSFV (C-strain). Porcine ECs were cultured with CSFV in the presence of APS. Relative quantitative PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of factors that influence EC adhesion and immunity. Results The expression of adhesion factors mRNA increased following stimulation with CSFV; this effect was inhibited by pre-exposing the cells to APS. In addition, the expression of growth factors and some immune factors increased after infection with CSFV; this increase in tissue factor (TF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) could be inhibited by the addition of APS. The immune response mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in ECs may be unregulated by CSFV as it was also inhibited by pre-treatment with APS. Discussion The addition of APS to the culture can obviously regulate the expression of molecules related to the adhesion, growth, and immune response of ECs, as well as the production of cytokines. Therefore, it may have the potential to be an effective component in vaccines against CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Zhuge
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liuan Li
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianming Jin
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang P, Wang J, Wang W, Liu X, Liu H, Li X, Wu X. Astragalus polysaccharides enhance the immune response to avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccination in chickens. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:81-85. [PMID: 28826771 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are biological macromolecules extracted from Astragalus species that have strong immunoregulatory properties. In this study, APS were employed as an adjuvant for an avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine, and its effects on the cellular immune and humoral immune responses to vaccination in chicken were investigated. One hundred and fifty chicken were randomly divided into five groups (n = 30, each group). The chickens in all groups, except for the unvaccinated control group, were vaccinated with an IBV DNA vaccine. Three of the four vaccinated groups were administered different doses of APS (APSL, 10 mg/kg; APSM, 50 mg/kg; and APSH, 100 mg/kg) after the first vaccination, and the remaining vaccinated group served as a control, without any additional treatment. At 14, 28, and 42 days after the first vaccination, serum anti-IBV antibody titers; peripheral lymphocyte proliferation; and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-α in the spleen were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. At most time points, the titer of IBV-specific antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA expression levels were higher in three APS groups than in the vaccine control group, and these increases were dose-dependent. These data suggest that APS could be used as an adjuvant for IBV vaccination to provide better protection against IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130124, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130124, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130124, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130124, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xintao Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130124, Jilin Province, PR China.
| | - Xinghong Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130124, Jilin Province, PR China.
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Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhanced Immune Components and Growth Factors EGF and IGF-1 in Sow Colostrum. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:9253208. [PMID: 28164139 PMCID: PMC5253170 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9253208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is the main external resource providing piglets with nutrients and maternal immune molecules. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have been used as immunopotentiators in vitro and several animal models. This study aimed to determine the effects of APS on immune factors in sow colostrum and milk. The sow diet was supplemented with APS one week before the expected delivery date. Colostrum and milk were collected and designated as 0 h- (onset of parturition), 12 h-, and 24 h-colostrum and 36 h-milk postpartum. Samples were measured using porcine immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, classical swine fever virus antibody (CSFV Ab), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor- (IGF-) 1 ELISA Quantitation Kits. Dietary supplementation of APS significantly enhanced the presence of IgG, IgM, EGF, and IGF-1 in 0 h-colostrum (P < 0.001). The blocking rates of CSFV Ab were increased in samples from APS-supplemented sow when compared to those from the matched samples without APS treatment. The results indicate that supplement of APS could improve the immune components in sow colostrum and/or milk; and status of some specific vaccination could be determined through using colostrum or early milk in sow.
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Sun W, Hu W, Meng K, Yang L, Zhang W, Song X, Qu X, Zhang Y, Ma L, Fan Y. Activation of macrophages by the ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome from the root tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:918-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Vaccination with Astragalus and Ginseng Polysaccharides Improves Immune Response of Chickens against H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1510264. [PMID: 27597953 PMCID: PMC5002477 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1510264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides (APS, GPS) on immune response and improvement of H5N1 vaccine, 360-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 8 groups of 45 chicks, comprising APS groups (1-3); GPS groups (4-6); vaccine group (7); and blank control (8) (without polysaccharide and vaccine). From day 12 after hatch groups 1-3 were given APS and groups 4-6 with GPS both at 100, 200, and 400 (mg/kg), respectively. At day 15 after hatch, groups 1-7 were vaccinated with 0.3 mL H5N1 vaccine subcutaneously; daily weight gain (DWG) and serum Ig antibody (by HI-test) were measured on 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after vaccination. Serum antibody titers and expression of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, I FN-γ, and TNF) were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR. Results revealed that all the polysaccharide groups were numerically increased in antibody levels and the expression of cytokines was significant (P < 0.05) in the APS and GPS groups compared to corresponding vaccine group and blank control. DWG was higher (P < 0.05) in 400 mg/kg APS groups than control groups. Thus oral supplements of GPS and APS have shown their potential in the improvement of immune response and could be used as adjuvant in a formulation of H5N1 vaccine.
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Hao LX, Zhao XH. Immunomodulatory potentials of the water-soluble yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) polysaccharides for the normal and cyclophosphamide-suppressed mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1148666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Cui H, Li T, Wang L, Su Y, Xian CJ. Dioscorea bulbifera polysaccharide and cyclophosphamide combination enhances anti-cervical cancer effect and attenuates immunosuppression and oxidative stress in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 5:19185. [PMID: 26753518 PMCID: PMC4709656 DOI: 10.1038/srep19185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy, which causes immunosuppression and tissue oxidative stress at high doses. As potential protective agents, some polysaccharides were shown to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oxidant properties. This study explored potential effects of oral treatment of Dioscorea bulbifera polysaccharides (DBLP at 100 or 150 mg/kg) in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice treated with CTX (25 mg/kg). While CTX suppressed tumor growth (65.4% inhibition) and DBLP alone also inhibited tumor (25.6% at 100 mg/kg or 37.6% at 150 mg/kg), CTX+DBLP combination produced tumor inhibition rates of 5.6 (for 100 mg/kg DBLP) or 9% (for 150 mg/kg) higher than CTX alone. While tumor itself and CTX treatment reduced thymus and/or spleen/body weight indices, DBLP alone or CTX + DBLP combination attenuated this reduction. DBLP lowered peripheral blood T-cell subpopulation CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and DBLP+CTX combination attenuated CTX effect in lifting CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Tumor itself and CTX treatment heightened oxidative stress (with decreased superoxide dismutase but increased lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels in serum and tissues), which was attenuated by DBLP treatment, and DBLP+CTX combination suppressed CTX-induced oxidative stress. Combination use of DBLP with CTX can potentially enhance CTX anti-tumor effect and can attenuate CTX-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Cui
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yan Su
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Sun W, Meng K, Qi C, Yang X, Wang Y, Fan W, Yan Z, Zhao X, Liu J. Immune-enhancing activity of polysaccharides isolated from Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 126:91-6. [PMID: 25933527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the immune-enhancing activity of polysaccharides from the rhizoma of Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz (RAMPS) in vitro. Lymphocyte proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were determined. Different concentrations of RAMPS were added to peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Results showed that RAMPStp and RAMPS60c could significantly enhance T lymphocyte proliferation individually or synergistically with phytohemagglutinin at most concentrations. The active sites of RAMPStp and RAMPS60c were then selected. Lymphocyte cell cycle distribution and percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were determined by flow cytometry. At most time points, RAMPS60c and RAMPStp could promote lymphocytes enter into S and G2/M phases. RAMPStp and RAMPS60c effectively improved the percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. RAMPStp produced optimal effects. Therefore, RAMPStp could be used as a component of novel immunopotentiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Kai Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Chunhua Qi
- Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xianyong Yang
- Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yuge Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Wentao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Zhengui Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
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Liu J, Willför S, Xu C. A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: Biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Astragalus Polysaccharide Protects Astrocytes from Being Infected by HSV-1 through TLR3/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:285356. [PMID: 25057274 PMCID: PMC4098889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/285356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the most immunoreactive substance in Astragalus. APS can regulate the body's immunity and is widely used in many immune related diseases. However, till now, there is little information about its contribution to the protection of astrocytes infected by virus. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a key component of the innate immune system and has the ability to detect virus infection and trigger host defence responses. This study was undertaken to elucidate the protective effect of APS on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infected astrocytes and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that APS protected the astrocytes from HSV-1 induced proliferation inhibition along with increasing expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) markedly. Moreover, APS significantly promoted the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in astrocytes. In addition, while astrocytes were pretreated with TLR3 antibody before adding HSV-1 and APS, the expression of TLR3, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the activation of NF-κB decreased sharply. These results indicate that APS can protect astrocytes by promoting immunological function provoked by HSV-1 through TLR3/NF-κB pathway.
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Ismail ZMK, Amin NMA, Yacoub MFY, Mohamed AMO. Myelo-enhancement by astragalus membranaceus in male albino rats with chemotherapy myelo-suppression. Histological and immunohistochemical study. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 7:12-22. [PMID: 24921023 PMCID: PMC4049727 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2014.7.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Myelosuppression is the most common toxicity encountered in the oncology clinic today. This study was planned to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic role of the traditional Chinese Medicinal Herb; Astragalus Membranaceus (AM), on chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Methods and Results: This study was carried out on thirty six adult male albino rats. They were divided into: Group I Control Group (n=6) received a vehicle of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Group II (n=12) were injected I.P. with cyclophosphamide (CY) for 3 days (gIIa n =6) and continued for one more week to receive AM orally (gIIb n=6). Group III (n=6) received CY I.P. together with AM orally for 3 days. Group IV (n=12) received AM orally for one week (gIVa n=6) and continued for extra three days receiving CY I.P. with AM orally (gIVb n=6). Blood samples were analysed for Total Leucocytic Count and Lymphocytic Count. Counting of CD34 +ve cells in bone marrow was performed by flowcytometry. Bone marrow sections were subjected to H&E stain as well as immunohistochemical staining for anti- CD20 antibody. The mean area % of cellular bone marrow regions occupied by developing haemopoietic cells, mean area of fat cells and mean number of CD20 immunopositive B lymphocytes in the bone marrow were measured by histomorphometric studies and statistically compared. AM proved to have a myelo-protective and myelo-therapeutic capacity, evidenced at both laboratory and morphological levels. Conclusions: The greatest myelo-potentiating effect of AM was achieved when supplied before and together with CY therapy.
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Structural features and biological activities of the polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 64:257-66. [PMID: 24325861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate and investigate novel bioactive components with health benefit effects from natural resources. The dried root of Astragalus membranaceus, one of the most popular health-promoting herbal medicines, has been used historically as an immunomodulating agent for the treatment of common cold, diarrhea, fatigue and anorexia for more than 2000 years. Modern phytochemistry and pharmacological experiments have proved that polysaccharide is one of the major active ingredients in the root of A. membranaceus with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-diabetes, antiviral, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, hematopoiesis and neuroprotection. The aim of the present review is to summarize previous and current references and give a comprehensive summary regarding the structural features and biological activities of A. membranaceus polysaccharides in order to provide new insight for further development of these macromolecules.
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Kallon S, Li X, Ji J, Chen C, Xi Q, Chang S, Xue C, Ma J, Xie Q, Zhang Y. Astragalus polysaccharide enhances immunity and inhibits H9N2 avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23786718 PMCID: PMC3729712 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against H9N2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens.The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated by an MTT [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MHC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to H9N2 AIV were enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces H9N2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanpha Kallon
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Ji
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 3606 East Mount Hope Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youngliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Li T, Peng T. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine as a source of molecules with antiviral activity. Antiviral Res 2012; 97:1-9. [PMID: 23153834 PMCID: PMC7114103 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) is widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. However, the operative mechanisms of TCHM remain largely obscure, mainly because of its complicated nature and the fragmented nature of research. In recent years, systematic methodologies have been developed to discover the active compounds in TCHM and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent progress in TCHM-based antiviral research in China and other Asian countries. In particular, this review focuses on progress in targeting key steps in the viral replication cycle and key cellular components of the host defense system. Recent developments in centralized and standardized TCHM screening and databases are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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