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de Azevedo MIG, Souza PFN, Monteiro Júnior JE, Grangeiro TB. Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides: Antifungal Potential and Structural Insights. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400044. [PMID: 38591818 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide derived from chitin deacetylation. This polysaccharide and its oligosaccharides have many biological activities and can be used in several fields due to their favorable characteristics, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. This review aims to explore the antifungal potential of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides along with the conditions used for the activity and mechanisms of action they use to kill fungal cells. The sources, chemical properties, and applications of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides are discussed in this review. It also addresses the threat fungi pose to human health and crop production and how these saccharides have proven to be effective against these microorganisms. The cellular processes triggered by chitosan and chitooligosaccharides in fungal cells, and prospects for their use as potential antifungal agents are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
- Visiting Researcher at the Cearense Foundation to Support Scientific and Technological Development, Foratelza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Edvar Monteiro Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thalles Barbosa Grangeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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2
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Wei P, Zhou J, Xiong S, Yi F, Xu K, Liu M, Xi H, Zhou Z, Qiu Z, Liu H, Zeng J, Liu Y, Qiu P, Zhou J, Liu S, Long Z, Li J, Xiong L. Chestnut-Inspired Hollow Hydroxyapatite 3D Printing Scaffolds Accelerate Bone Regeneration by Recruiting Calcium Ions and Regulating Inflammation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9768-9786. [PMID: 38349802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to overcome the drawbacks associated with hydroxyapatite (HAP) dense structures after sintering, which often result in undesirable features such as large grain size, reduced porosity, high crystallinity, and low specific surface area. These characteristics hinder osseointegration and limit the clinical applicability of the material. To address these issues, a new method involving the preparation of hollow hydroxyapatite (hHAP) microspheres has been proposed. These microspheres exhibit distinctive traits including weak crystallization, high specific surface area, and increased porosity. The weak crystallization aligns more closely with early mineralization products found in the human body and animals. Moreover, the microspheres' high specific surface area and porosity offer advantages for protein loading and facilitating osteoblast attachment. This innovative approach not only mitigates the limitations of conventional HAP structures but also holds the potential for improving the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite in biomedical applications, particularly in enhancing osseointegration. Three-dimensional printed hHAP/chitosan (CS) scaffolds with different hHAP concentration gradients were manufactured, and the physical and biological properties of each group were systematically evaluated. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the hHAP/CS scaffold has excellent performance in bone remodeling. Furthermore, in-scaffold components, hHAP and CS were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to explore the regulatory role of hHAP and CS in the process of bone healing and to reveal the cell-level specific regulatory network activated by hHAP. Enrichment analysis showed that hHAP can promote bone regeneration and reconstruction by recruiting calcium ions and regulating inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shilang Xiong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kejun Xu
- Jiangxi Jiayou Shuguang Orthopedic Hospital, Nanchang 330009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hanrui Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hantian Liu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330036, China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhisheng Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingtang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Long Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Mittal A, Singh A, Buatong J, Saetang J, Benjakul S. Chitooligosaccharide and Its Derivatives: Potential Candidates as Food Additives and Bioactive Components. Foods 2023; 12:3854. [PMID: 37893747 PMCID: PMC10606384 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (CHOS), a depolymerized chitosan, can be prepared via physical, chemical, and enzymatic hydrolysis, or a combination of these techniques. The superior properties of CHOS have attracted attention as alternative additives or bioactive compounds for various food and biomedical applications. To increase the bioactivities of a CHOS, its derivatives have been prepared via different methods and were characterized using various analytical methods including FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. CHOS derivatives such as carboxylated CHOS, quaternized CHOS, and others showed their potential as potent anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer agents, which could further be used for human health benefits. Moreover, enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant bioactivities, especially for a CHOS-polyphenol conjugate, could play a profound role in shelf-life extension and the safety assurance of perishable foods via the inhibition of spoilage microorganisms and pathogens and lipid oxidation. Also, the effectiveness of CHOS derivatives for shelf-life extension can be augmented when used in combination with other preservative technologies. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the production of a CHOS and its derivatives, as well as their potential applications in food as either additives or nutraceuticals. Furthermore, it revisits recent advancements in translational research and in vivo studies on CHOS and its derivatives in the medical-related field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirayu Buatong
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen THP, Le NAT, Tran PT, Bui DD, Nguyen QH. Preparation of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides by oxidative hydrolysis of chitosan powder with hydrogen peroxide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19565. [PMID: 37681167 PMCID: PMC10480655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is only soluble in weak acid medium, thereby limiting its wide utilisation in the field of biomedicine, food, and agriculture. In this report, we present a method for preparing water-soluble CS oligosaccharides (COSs) at high concentration (∼10%, w/v) via the oxidative hydrolysis of CS powder with molecular weight (Mw) ∼90,000 g/mol) in 2% H2O2 solution at ambient temperature by a two-step process, namely, the heterogeneous hydrolysis step and homogeneous hydrolysis step. The resultant COSs were characterised by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The resulting products were composed of COSs (Mw of 2000-6600 g/mol) that were completely soluble in water. The results also indicated that the structure of COSs was almost unchanged compared with the original CS unless Mw was low. Accordingly, COSs with low Mw (∼2000 g/mol) and high concentration (10%, w/v) could be effectively prepared by the oxidative hydrolysis of CS powder using hydrogen peroxide under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Hoanh Phong Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
- Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nghiem Anh Tuan Le
- Institute of Applied Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc Tho Tran
- Institute of Applied Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Du Bui
- Graduate University of Science and Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
- Institute of Applied Materials Science-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
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Gopal J, Muthu M, Pushparaj SSC, Sivanesan I. Anti-COVID-19 Credentials of Chitosan Composites and Derivatives: Future Scope? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040665. [PMID: 37107027 PMCID: PMC10135369 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan derivatives and composites are the next generation polymers for biomedical applications. With their humble origins from the second most abundant naturally available polymer chitin, chitosan is currently one of the most promising polymer systems, with wide biological applications. This current review gives a bird’s eye view of the antimicrobial applications of chitosan composites and derivatives. The antiviral activity and the mechanisms behind the inhibitory activity of these components have been reviewed. Specifically, the anti-COVID-19 aspects of chitosan composites and their derivatives have been compiled from the existing scattered reports and presented. Defeating COVID-19 is the battle of this century, and the chitosan derivative-based combat strategies naturally become very attractive. The challenges ahead and future recommendations have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6271; Fax: +82-2-455-1044
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6
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Xie Q, Yang J, Cai J, Shen F, Gu J. Homogeneous preparation of water-soluble products from chitin under alkaline conditions and their cell proliferation in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123321. [PMID: 36657539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare water-soluble products by homogeneous depolymerization of chitin with H2O2 under alkaline conditions and investigate their potential application in wound healing. For the first time, water-soluble products were successfully prepared using a chitin-NaOH/urea solution; the products were chitosans with molecular weights (Mw) of 3.48-33.5 kDa and degrees of deacetylation (DD) > 0.5. Their Mw, DD and yield were affected by the reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of H2O2 and chitin DD. The deacetylation and depolymerization of chitin were achieved simultaneously. The depolymerization of chitin was caused by hydrogen abstraction of HO, whereas the deacetylation resulted from the cleavage of amide bonds by HO- and HO2-, although the latter played a more important role. All water-soluble chitosans markedly promoted the proliferation of human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells, but they inhibited the proliferation of human keratinocyte cells. For the proliferation of HSF, a low concentration of chitosans was important. In addition, water-soluble chitosans with an Mw of 3.48-16.4 kDa markedly stimulated the expression of growth factors such as PDGF and TGF-β by macrophages. Water-soluble chitosans could be used as a potential active component in wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fengqin Shen
- Changzhou Liu Guojun Vocational Technology College, Changzhou 213025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Zhao XP, Liu J, Sui ZJ, Xu MJ, Zhu ZY. Preparation and antibacterial effect of chitooligosaccharides monomers with different polymerization degrees from crab shell chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:164-174. [PMID: 35307889 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the structure and antibacterial properties of chitooligosaccharide monomers with different polymerization degrees and to provide a theoretical basis for inhibiting Salmonella infection. Chitosan was used as a raw material to prepare and separate low-molecular-weight chitooligosaccharides. Chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose were obtained by gradient elution with cation exchange resin. The molecular weights and acetyl groups of the three monomers were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Three chitooligosaccharide monomers were used to explore the antibacterial effect on Salmonella. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 92.6%, and the enzyme activity of chitosanase was 102.53 U/g. Within 18 h, chitosan was enzymatically hydrolyzed to chitooligosaccharides containing chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose, which were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and MALDI-TOF. MALD-TOF and TLC showed that the separation of monomers with ion exchange resins was effective, and NMR showed that there was no acetyl group. Chitobiose had a poor inhibitory effect on Salmonella, and chitotriose and chitotetraose had equivalent antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Jun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Mittal A, Singh A, Hong H, Benjakul S. Chitooligosaccharides from shrimp shell chitosan prepared using H
2
O
2
or ascorbic acid/H
2
O
2
redox pair hydrolysis: characteristics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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Kantak MN, Bharate SS. Analysis of clinical trials on biomaterial and therapeutic applications of chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118999. [PMID: 34973801 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a modified natural carbohydrate polymer derived from chitin that occurs in many natural sources. It has a diverse range of applications in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Its primary and permitted use is biomaterial in medical devices. Chitosan and its derivatives also find utility in pharmaceuticals as an excipient, drug carrier, or therapeutic agent. The USFDA has approved chitosan usage as a biomaterial but not for pharmaceutical use, primarily because of the concerns over its source, purity, and immunogenicity. A large number of clinical studies are underway on chitosan-based materials/ products because of their diverse applications. Herein, we analyze clinical studies to understand their clinical usage portfolio. Our analysis shows that >100 clinical studies are underway to investigate the safety/efficacy of chitosan or its biomaterials/ nanoparticles, comprising ~95% interventional and ~ 5% observational studies. The regulatory considerations that limit the use of chitosan in pharmaceuticals are also deliberated. TEASER: Clinical Trials of Chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili N Kantak
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Abstract
Nonionic surfactants are reported as being able to enhance enzyme stability and increase the conversion of enzymatic reactions. Surfactant-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conversion is affected by surfactant HLB values. This work investigated the influence of nonionic surfactants with different HLB values on chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme by measuring the reducing sugars formation, viscosity, and molecular weight of hydrolyzed chitosan. A characterization analysis of hydrolyzed products was also carried out. A higher HLB value exhibits a better enzymatic chitosan hydrolysis performance, shown by the decrease in a solution’s viscosity and the increase in reducing sugar formation. Increasing the surfactant concentration will also increase the hydrolysis rate. Nonionic surfactants can protect cellulase enzyme from the denaturation of temperature and stirring influence. The higher the HLB value, the lower the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed chitosan. The result of UV–Vis demonstrated aldehyde groups formation during hydrolysis. The SEM analysis showed that the chitosan, hydrolyzed using different HLB values of surfactants, had different surface morphologies. However, it did not change the chemical structure of the hydrolysis product seen by the FTIR analysis. The XRD patterns showed that the relative crystallinity of raw chitosan decreased when hydrolyzed with surfactants.
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11
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Impact of HILIC Amino-Based Column Equilibration Conditions on the Analysis of Chitooligosaccharides. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Jiang Z, Wang Y, Li L, Hu H, Wang S, Zou M, Liu W, Han B. Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Transparent Thin Carboxymethyl-Chitosan/Oxidized Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films as New Wound Dressings. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100308. [PMID: 34752675 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Full thickness burns in which the damage penetrates deep into the skin layers and reaches underneath the muscle, compel the need for more effective cure. Herein, cross-linked carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chitosan) films, prepared by Schiff base association with oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC), are investigated regarding the wound healing capacity on full thickness burn injuries in vivo. Transparent thin CM-chitosan/OCMC films are obtained with tensile strength reaching 6.11 MPa, elongation at break above 27%, and water absorption more than 800%, which operates in favor of absorbing excess exudate and monitoring the wound status. Furthermore, the nonadherent CM-chitosan/OCMC films, with satisfactory biodegradability, cell, and tissue compatibility, are readily used to the wound sites and easily removed following therapy on scalded tissue so as to alleviate the suffering from burn. The films efficiently promote epithelial and dermal regeneration compared to the control, achieving 75.9% and 94.4% wound closure, respectively, after 14 and 27 days. More importantly, CM-chitosan/OCMC films accelerate wound healing with natural mechanisms which include controlling inflammatory response, reducing apoptosis, promoting fibroblast cell proliferation, and collagen formation. In conclusion, the CM-chitosan/OCMC films elevate the repair ratio of burn injuries and have great potential for facilitating the healing process on full-thickness exuding wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Huiwen Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Zou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, P. R. China
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13
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Jafari H, Delporte C, Bernaerts KV, De Leener G, Luhmer M, Nie L, Shavandi A. Development of marine oligosaccharides for potential wound healing biomaterials engineering. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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14
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira N, Lourenço L. Production of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides (COS): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2466. [PMID: 34372068 PMCID: PMC8348454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer with high added value, and its properties are related to its molecular weight. Thus, high molecular weight values provide low solubility of chitosan, presenting limitations in its use. Based on this, several studies have developed different hydrolysis methods to reduce the molecular weight of chitosan. Acid hydrolysis is still the most used method to obtain low molecular weight chitosan and chitooligosaccharides. However, the use of acids can generate environmental impacts. When different methods are combined, gamma radiation and microwave power intensity are the variables that most influence acid hydrolysis. Otherwise, in oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide, a long time is the limiting factor. Thus, it was observed that the most efficient method is the association between the different hydrolysis methods mentioned. However, this alternative can increase the cost of the process. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most studied method due to its environmental advantages and high specificity. However, hydrolysis time and process cost are factors that still limit industrial application. In addition, the enzymatic method has a limited association with other hydrolysis methods due to the sensitivity of the enzymes. Therefore, this article seeks to extensively review the variables that influence the main methods of hydrolysis: acid concentration, radiation intensity, potency, time, temperature, pH, and enzyme/substrate ratio, observing their influence on molecular weight, yield, and characteristic of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleidiane Gonçalves
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
- Institute of Health and Animal Production, Amazon Rural Federal University, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Lúcia Lourenço
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
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15
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Sánchez LF, Cánepa J, Kim S, Nakamatsu J. A Simple Approach to Produce Tailor-Made Chitosans with Specific Degrees of Acetylation and Molecular Weights. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152415. [PMID: 34372018 PMCID: PMC8347713 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a structural polysaccharide that is found in crustaceans, insects, fungi and some yeasts. Chitin deacetylation produces chitosan, a well-studied biopolymer with reported chemical and biological properties for diverse potential applications for drug delivery, metal ion absorption, scaffolds and tissue engineering. Most known properties of chitosan have been determined from samples obtained from a variety of sources and in different conditions, this is, from chitosans with a wide range of degrees of N-acetylation (DA) and molecular weight (MW). However, as for any copolymer, the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of chitosan highly depend on their monomer composition (DA) and chain size (MW). This work presents a simple methodology to produce chitosans with specific and predictive DA and MW. Reaction with acetic anhydride proved to be an efficient method to control the acetylation of chitosan, DAs between 10.6% and 50.6% were reproducibly obtained. In addition to this, MWs of chitosan chains were reduced in a controlled manner in two ways, by ultrasound and by acidic hydrolysis at different temperatures, samples with MWs between 130 kDa and 1300 kDa were obtained. DAs were determined by 1H-NMR and MWs by gel permeation chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Felipe Sánchez
- Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru; (L.-F.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jimmy Cánepa
- Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru; (L.-F.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru;
| | - Javier Nakamatsu
- Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru—PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru; (L.-F.S.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zhou J, Wen B, Xie H, Zhang C, Bai Y, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Advances in the preparation and assessment of the biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides with different structural characteristics. Food Funct 2021; 12:926-951. [PMID: 33434251 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are widely used biopolymers that have been studied in relation to a variety of abnormal biological activities in the food and biomedical fields. Since different COS preparation technologies produce COS compounds with different structural characteristics, it has not yet been possible to determine whether one or more chito-oligomers are primarily responsible for the bioactivity of COSs. The inherent biocompatibility, mucosal adhesion and nontoxic nature of COSs are well documented, as is the fact that they are readily absorbed from the intestinal tract, but their structure-activity relationship requires further investigation. This review summarizes the methods used for COS preparation, and the research findings with regard to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, bacteriostatic and antitumour activity of COSs with different structural characteristics. The correlation between the molecular structure and bioactivities of COSs is described, and new insights into their structure-activity relationship are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Bingjian Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Hongyi Xie
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510310), China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan (528458), China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou (510663), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
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17
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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18
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Hosseini‐Ashtiani N, Tadjarodi A. Design and Characterization of Ticagrelor‐Loaded Chitosan Biopolymer to Improve Chemical and Biological Properties of the Drug. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Hosseini‐Ashtiani
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis Chemistry Department Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran
| | - Azadeh Tadjarodi
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis Chemistry Department Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran
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19
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Hosseini-Ashtiani N, Tadjarodi A, Zare-Dorabei R. Low molecular weight chitosan-cyanocobalamin nanoparticles for controlled delivery of ciprofloxacin: Preparation and evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:459-467. [PMID: 33607143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to project a safe nano-drug carrier composed of chitosan and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) to improve oral delivery of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). CIP is classified in class IV of the biopharmaceutical classification system with low solubility and permeabilityA, so it has some problems if given orally. Novel conjugate of low molecular weight chitosan, as a natural biopolymer, and CNCbl was synthesized, and then drug loading and in-vitro drug release were assessed. The loading of CIP was optimized by the Design-Expert software and the central composite design method, and that the optimal drug loading efficiency (57%) was obtained via analysis of variance (ANOVA). In-vitro drug release studies showed controlled release patterns in two various conditions, namely phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.4) and 0.1 N HCl. Functionalized nano-drug-loaded carrier showed cytotoxicity as much as that of free drug, particle size less than 100 nm as well as positive zeta potential. Due to the beneficial properties of the chitosan-based drug carrier and the suitable features of the CIP-loaded carrier, this chitosan-based nano-drug delivery system can be regarded as an ideal candidate for oral delivery of the CIP as a drug model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Hosseini-Ashtiani
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Tadjarodi
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Rouholah Zare-Dorabei
- Research Laboratory of Spectrometry & Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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20
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Panda PK, Yang JM, Chang YH. Preparation and characterization of ferulic acid-modified water soluble chitosan and poly (γ-glutamic acid) polyelectrolyte films through layer-by-layer assembly towards protein adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:457-464. [PMID: 33421474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ferulic acid-modified water soluble chitosan and poly (γ-glutamic acid) polyelectrolyte multilayers films were constructed through the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. Chitosan (CS) or ferulic acid modified chitosan (MCS) and Poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) was alternately deposited on the surface of glass substrate for the enhancement of surface modification. The obtained films were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and water contact angle to study its physico-chemical properties including protein absorption. The (PGA/MCS) films showed intense deposition of multilayers built upon the surface roughness and an increase in the exponential growth of multilayer films by UV-vis spectroscopy. Water contact angle indicated that the (PGA/MCS) films performed well with good wettability due to the increase in the number of layers. The LBL multilayer coatings of (PGA/MCS) films surface possessed a reduced amount of protein adsorption. These results indicated that it can resist the protein adsorption and can enhance the biocompatibility towards the biomedical application through the protein interaction. The (PGA/MCS) films has the potential to utilization as a good biomaterial for biomedical purposes to intensify the bio-active surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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21
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Hamdi M, Nasri R, Amor IB, Li S, Gargouri J, Nasri M. Structural features, anti-coagulant and anti-adhesive potentials of blue crab (Portunus segnis) chitosan derivatives: Study of the effects of acetylation degree and molecular weight. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:593-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Effects of carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide on regulating immunologic function and inhibiting tumor growth. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116994. [PMID: 33049904 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the effects of carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide (CM-COS) on regulating immunologic function and inhibiting hepatocellular tumor growth were evaluated. Results showed that CM-COS caused dramatic viability loss of hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 with non-toxicity towards normal liver L-02 cells. CM-COS repressed tumor growth of hepatoma-22, and elevated the spleen index and thymus index of tumor-bearing mice. Contents of VEGF and MMP-9 were significantly down-regulated by CM-COS. Histological analyses revealed that CM-COS promoted tumor cell necrosis and produced no significant toxicity to spleen tissues. Moreover, expressions of Caspase-3 in tumor tissues and IL-2 in spleen tissues were significantly activated by CM-COS. Additionally, in vitro cell viability, phagocytic capability and NO production of mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to CM-COS were significantly higher. CM-COS remarkably increased the in vivo phagocytosing capacity of peritoneal macrophages of Kunming mice. Taken together, our findings suggested that CM-COS might be potentially effective and non-toxic candidate as anti-hepatoma agents.
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23
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Hemamalini T, Vikash N, Brindha P, Abinaya M, Giri Dev VR. One-pot synthesis of cellulose-based nonwoven web incorporated with chitosan for hemostat applications. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520911655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble chitosan and wood pulp fiber–based nonwovens were produced using wet-laying technology, and their properties were investigated for the potential application for severe hemorrhage. The pores of the wood pulp nonwovens were completely covered as the concentration of chitosan was increased. A phosphate buffer solution uptake of 997% was attained in the nonwoven loaded with chitosan concentration of 1.5 w/v%. The deposition of blood cells was found to increase with an increase in the water-soluble chitosan concentration. The blood-clotting time was found to be 170 s, making the developed nonwoven to promote blood-clotting mechanism by creating mechanical barrier to reduce the blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hemamalini
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - N Vikash
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - P Brindha
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - M Abinaya
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - VR Giri Dev
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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24
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Chitosan and their derivatives: Antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Kaczmarek MB, Struszczyk-Swita K, Li X, Szczęsna-Antczak M, Daroch M. Enzymatic Modifications of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:243. [PMID: 31612131 PMCID: PMC6776590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and its N-deacetylated derivative chitosan are two biological polymers that have found numerous applications in recent years, but their further deployment suffers from limitations in obtaining a defined structure of the polymers using traditional conversion methods. The disadvantages of the currently used industrial methods of chitosan manufacturing and the increasing demand for a broad range of novel chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) with a fully defined architecture increase interest in chitin and chitosan-modifying enzymes. Enzymes such as chitinases, chitosanases, chitin deacetylases, and recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases had attracted considerable interest in recent years. These proteins are already useful tools toward the biotechnological transformation of chitin into chitosan and chitooligosaccharides, especially when a controlled non-degradative and well-defined process is required. This review describes traditional and novel enzymatic methods of modification of chitin and its derivatives. Recent advances in chitin processing, discovery of increasing number of new, well-characterized enzymes and development of genetic engineering methods result in rapid expansion of the field. Enzymatic modification of chitin and chitosan may soon become competitive to conventional conversion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benedykt Kaczmarek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.,School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xingkang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Sun Z, Zou W, Huang J, Su Z, Bai Y. The triple-wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering method and the fluorescence quenching method for the determination of chitooligosaccharides using trisodium-8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate as a probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117100. [PMID: 31141769 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this assay, the triple-wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering (TWO-RRS) method and the fluorescence quenching method for the quantitative detection of chitooligosaccharides (COS) were developed. In the weakly Britton-Robinson buffer solution, COS interacted with Trisodium-8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS) to form an ion-association complex of HPTS-COS, which increased the RRS intensities at 321 nm, 430 nm and 511 nm and decreased the fluorescence intensities of the system at 512 nm. And the changes in the intensities of both methods were related to the changes in the concentration of COS. Moreover, for the TWO-RRS method, OP-10 made the RRS intensities increased stronger, finally, the three peaks' total was linear to the concentration of COS in the range of 1.00-8.00 μg/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.247 μg/mL, and for the fluorescence quenching method, the linear range was 0.50-3.50 μg/mL with the LOD of 0.108 μg/mL. Based on these, two new and fast spectral methods with high sensitivity and simplicity for the determination of trace COS had been established. The generation mechanism of the TWO-RRS and the fluorescence quenching was studied. At the same time, the two methods were applied to the determination of COS in health products with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Sun
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510310, China
| | - Weiling Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510310, China
| | - Jieyi Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510310, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510310, China.
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27
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Kamdem DP, Shen Z, Nabinejad O, Shu Z. Development of biodegradable composite chitosan-based films incorporated with xylan and carvacrol for food packaging application. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Panda PK, Yang JM, Chang YH, Su WW. Modification of different molecular weights of chitosan by p-Coumaric acid: Preparation, characterization and effect of molecular weight on its water solubility and antioxidant property. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:661-667. [PMID: 31201915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we modified three different molecular weights of chitosan by using p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) for enhancing their water solubility and antioxidant property. The chemical and physical properties of all native chitosan and its modified products were determined by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), ninhydrin assay, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent procedure, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high performance of liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water solubility and antioxidant property (both DPPH assay and reducing power assay). Results showed that the water solubility and antioxidant property of modified product decreases, when molecular weight of corresponding native chitosan increases. The obtained modified product had good solubility over a wide range of pH. Thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) showed the lower thermal stability of the modified product than that of corresponding native chitosan. XRD pattern revealed that the crystallinity was less in modified product than that of respective chitosan. The enhanced partially water solubility and antioxidant property of all modified chitosan products might be a great advantage, while applied in a wide range of applications in the form antioxidant property in food, biomedical and cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC; Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Wen Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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He X, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. The improved antiviral activities of amino-modified chitosan derivatives on Newcastle virus. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:335-340. [PMID: 31179762 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1620264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is widely used as a medical material because of its excellent biological activities. However, the low solubility of natural chitosan limited its medicinal activity to some extent. The solubility can be improved by introducing more active groups and lowering molecular weight. Therefore, 6-amine chitosan derivatives were synthesized in this paper since more active groups were introduced to increase the medicinal activity. Those derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, HPLC, and FT-IR and the antiviral activity was tested by hemagglutination tests. Finally, 6-amine chitosan derivatives improved the antiviral activity, especially after the introduction of bromine ion. When 6-deoxy-6-bromo-N-phthaloyl chitosan was 1 g/L, they reduced the hemagglutination titer of virus to zero. The RT-PCR result showed that the expression level of TNF-α and IFN-β increased significantly, which indicated that the antiviral activity of amino-modified chitosan worked through the stimulation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Saeed A, Haider A, Zahid S, Khan SA, Faryal R, Kaleem M. In-vitro antifungal efficacy of tissue conditioner-chitosan composites as potential treatment therapy for denture stomatitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:761-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Guan Q, Gao K, Ning P, Miao R, He L. Efficient removal of low-concentration Cr(vi) from aqueous solution by 4A/HACC particles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new cationic surface-modified 4A zeolite for adsorbing trace chromium in aqueous solution was successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Guan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Kexuan Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Rongrong Miao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Liang He
- BiomassChem Group
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
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33
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Influence of Preparation Methods of Chitooligosaccharides on Their Physicochemical Properties and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mice and in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110430. [PMID: 30400250 PMCID: PMC6265923 DOI: 10.3390/md16110430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods to obtain chitooligosaccharides are tightly related to the physicochemical properties of the end products. Knowledge of these physicochemical characteristics is crucial to describing the biological functions of chitooligosaccharides. Chitooligosaccharides were prepared either in a single-step enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanase, or in a two-step chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed products obtained in the single-step preparation were composed mainly of 42% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 54% monoacetylated oligomers, and they attenuated the inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice and in RAW264.7 macrophages. However, chitooligosaccharides from the two-step preparation were composed of 50% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 27% monoacetylated oligomers and, conversely, they promoted the inflammatory response in both in vivo and in vitro models. Similar proportions of monoacetylated and deacetylated oligomers is necessary for the mixtures of chitooligosaccharides to achieve anti-inflammatory effects, and it directly depends on the preparation method to which chitosan was submitted.
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Sun Y, Chen X, Song L, Liu S, Yu H, Wang X, Qin Y, Li P. Antiviral Activity against Avian Leucosis Virus Subgroup J of Degraded Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9415965. [PMID: 30155485 PMCID: PMC6098872 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9415965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J (ALV-J), a retrovirus of avian, has caused enormous economics losses to poultry industry around the world. Polysaccharides from marine algae are featured diversity bioactivities. To find the potential effect to prevent ALV-J spread, in this study, polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (UPPs) and four low molecular weight (Mw) U. pertusa polysaccharides (LUPPs) were prepared and their functions on ALV-J were investigated. Firstly, LUPPs were obtained by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidative degradation. The effects of degradation conditions on Mw of the UPP were also investigated. Results showed that the H2O2 oxidative degradation method could degrade UPP effectively, and the degradation was positively related to H2O2 concentration and temperature and negatively to pH. The chemical characteristics of UPP and LUPPs were also determined. Afterwards, the anti-ALV-J activity of the polysaccharides were carried out in vitro. Results showed that UPP and LUPPs could inhibit ALV-J and LUPP-3 and Mw of 4.3 kDa exerted the strongest suppression. The action phase assay showed that LUPP-3 could bind with the viral particles and prevented ALV-J adsorption onto the host cells. And the ALV-J relative gene and gp85 protein expression were significantly suppressed after being administration with LUPP-3. Therefore, the low Mw polysaccharides from U. pertusa have great potential as an anti-ALV-J drug alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Song
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Liang S, Sun Y, Dai X. A Review of the Preparation, Analysis and Biological Functions of Chitooligosaccharide. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082197. [PMID: 30060500 PMCID: PMC6121578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS), which is acknowledged for possessing multiple functions, is a kind of low-molecular-weight polymer prepared by degrading chitosan via enzymatic, chemical methods, etc. COS has comprehensive applications in various fields including food, agriculture, pharmacy, clinical therapy, and environmental industries. Besides having excellent properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, adsorptive abilities and non-toxicity like chitin and chitosan, COS has better solubility. In addition, COS has strong biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effects, etc. The present paper has summarized the preparation methods, analytical techniques and biological functions to provide an overall understanding of the application of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Food Sciences, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China.
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Cui J, Li L, Kou L, Rong H, Li B, Zhang X. Comparing Immobilized Cellulase Activity in a Magnetic Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Reactor under Three Types of Magnetic Field. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lingmei Kou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hui Rong
- Guangzhou Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Liu J, Pu H, Zhang X, Xiao L, Kan J, Jin C. Effects of ascorbate and hydroxyl radical degradations on the structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and film forming properties of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1086-1093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Natural Origin Materials for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1058:3-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Chitooligosaccharides and their biological activities: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:243-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Najafabadi SAA, Honarkar H, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Tahriri M, Tayebi L. UV irradiation-
$$\hbox {H}_{2} \hbox {O}_{2}$$
H
2
O
2
system as an effective combined depolymerization technique to produce oligosaccharides from chitosan. Biodes Manuf 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-018-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Gohi BFCA, Zeng HY, Pan AD, Han J, Yuan J. pH Dependence of Chitosan Enzymolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E174. [PMID: 30970852 PMCID: PMC6432485 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means of making chitosan more useful in biotechnological applications, it was hydrolyzed using pepsin, chitosanase and α-amylase. The enzymolysis behavior of these enzymes was further systematically studied for its effectiveness in the production of low-molecular-weight chitosans (LMWCs) and other derivatives. The study showed that these enzymes depend on ion hydronium (H3O+), thus on pH with a pH dependence fitting R2 value of 0.99. In y = 1.484[H^+] + 0.114, the equation of pH dependence, when [H^+] increases by one, y (k_0/k_m) increases by 1.484. From the temperature dependence study, the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were almost identical for two of the enzymes, but a considerable difference was observed in comparison with the third enzyme. Chitosanase and pepsin had nearly identical Ea, but α-amylase was significantly lower. This serves as evidence that the hydrolysis reaction of α-amylase relies on low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs), which explains its low Ea in actual conditions. The confirmation of this phenomenon was further derived from a similarly considerable difference in the order magnitudes of A between α-amylase and the other two enzymes, which was more than five. Variation of the rate constants of the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with temperature follows the Arrhenius equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Foua Claude Alain Gohi
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - A Dan Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Yuan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
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Pierce BC, Wichmann J, Tran TH, Cheetamun R, Bacic A, Meyer AS. Formation of water-soluble soybean polysaccharides from spent flakes by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:504-13. [PMID: 27083842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a novel chemical process for the generation of water-soluble polysaccharides from soy spent flake, a by-product of the soy food industry. This process entails treatment of spent flake with hydrogen peroxide at an elevated temperature, resulting in the release of more than 70% of the original insoluble material as high molar mass soluble polysaccharides. A design of experiment was used to quantify the effects of pH, reaction time, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the reaction yield, average molar mass, and free monosaccharides generated. The resulting product is low in protein, fat, and minerals and contains predominantly water-soluble polysaccharides of high molar mass, including arabinan, type I arabinogalactan, homogalacturonan, xyloglucan, rhamnogalacturonan, and (glucurono)arabinoxylan. This treatment provides a straightforward approach for generation of soluble soy polysaccharides and opens a new range of opportunities for this abundant and underutilized material in future research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Pierce
- DuPont™ Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand 8220, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Wichmann
- DuPont™ Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand 8220, Denmark.
| | - Tam H Tran
- DuPont™ Protein Solutions, 4300 Duncan Avenue Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Roshan Cheetamun
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Chen Z, Zhang T, Wu B, Zhang X. Insights into the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α small interfering RNA in malignant melanoma delivered via folate-decorated cationic liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:991-1002. [PMID: 27042054 PMCID: PMC4795592 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) represents the most dangerous form of skin cancer, and its incidence is expected to rise in the coming time. However, therapy for MM is limited by low topical drug concentration and multidrug resistance. This article aimed to develop folate-decorated cationic liposomes (fc-LPs) for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) small interfering (siRNA) delivery, and to evaluate the potential of such siRNA/liposome complexes in MM therapy. HIF-1α siRNA-loaded fc-LPs (siRNA-fc-LPs) were prepared by a film hydration method followed by siRNA incubation. Folate decoration of liposomes was achieved by incorporation of folate/oleic acid-diacylated oligochitosans. The resulting siRNA-fc-LPs were 95.3 nm in size with a ζ potential of 2.41 mV. The liposomal vectors exhibited excellent loading capacity and protective effect toward siRNA. The in vitro cell transfection efficiency was almost parallel to the commercially available Lipofectamine™ 2000. Moreover, the anti-melanoma activity of HIF-1α siRNA was significantly enhanced through fc-LPs. Western blot analysis and apoptosis test demonstrated that siRNA-fc-LPs substantially reduced the production of HIF-1α-associated protein and induced the apoptosis of hypoxia-tolerant melanoma cells. Our designed liposomal vectors might be applicable as siRNA delivery vehicle to systemically or topically treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Jinan University, Gangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Gangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Gangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Gangzhou, People's Republic of China
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He X, Xing R, Li K, Qin Y, Zou P, Liu S, Yu H, Li P. Beta-chitosan extracted from Loligo Japonica for a potential use to inhibit Newcastle disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:614-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tang R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan based dye containing quaternary ammonium group. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 139:191-6. [PMID: 26794962 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new antimicrobial biopolymer dye was synthesized by reaction of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan and reactive red x-3b. And quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was produced by grafting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride on chitosan. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), solubility test and antimicrobial test. Results show that the antimicrobial biopolymer dye was combined by N(+)(CH3)3 of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan and sulfonic group of reactive red x-3b. Water solubility of chitosan biopolymer dye was increased as well as pH value. In addition, antibacterial property of new synthesized dye was excellent, whose antibacterial rates of Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli were both bigger than 99%. These results may provide new perspectives on improving the decorative properties and antimicrobial properties in wood industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China.
| | - Zhiming Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China.
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