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Minari GD, Piazza RD, Sass DC, Contiero J. EPS Production by Lacticaseibacillus casei Using Glycerol, Glucose, and Molasses as Carbon Sources. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1159. [PMID: 38930541 PMCID: PMC11205391 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus can produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) using alternative carbon sources, such as sugarcane molasses and glycerol. After screening 22 strains of Lactobacillus to determine which achieved the highest production of EPS based on dry weight at 37 °C, the strain Ke8 (L. casei) was selected for new experiments. The EPS obtained using glycerol and glucose as carbon sources was classified as a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose and mannose, containing 1730 g.mol-1, consisting of 39.4% carbohydrates and 18% proteins. The EPS obtained using molasses as the carbon source was characterized as a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose, containing 1182 g.mol-1, consisting of 52.9% carbohydrates and 11.69% proteins. This molecule was characterized using Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPLC), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The existence of polysaccharides was confirmed via FT-IR and NMR analyses. The results obtained suggest that Lacticaseibacillus casei can grow in media that use alternative carbon sources such as glycerol and molasses. These agro-industry residues are inexpensive, and their use contributes to sustainability. The lack of studies regarding the use of Lacticaseibacillus casei for the production of EPS using renewable carbon sources from agroindustry should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Deomedesse Minari
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (G.D.M.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Rodolfo Debone Piazza
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil;
| | - Daiane Cristina Sass
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (G.D.M.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Jonas Contiero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (G.D.M.); (D.C.S.)
- Institute on Research in Bioenergy, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 13500-230, Brazil
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Nikolova C, Morris G, Ellis D, Bowler B, Jones M, Mulloy B, Gutierrez T. Characterization of the surface-active exopolysaccharide produced by Halomonas sp TGOS-10: Understanding its role in the formation of marine oil snow. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299235. [PMID: 38805414 PMCID: PMC11132480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the exopolymer produced by Halomonas sp. strain TGOS-10 -one of the organisms found enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The polymer was produced during the early stationary phase of growth in Zobell's 2216 marine medium amended with glucose. Chemical and proton NMR analysis showed it to be a relatively monodisperse, high-molecular-mass (6,440,000 g/mol) glycoprotein composed largely of protein (46.6% of total dry weight of polymer). The monosaccharide composition of the polymer is typical to that of other marine bacterial exopolymers which are generally rich in hexoses, with the notable exception that it contained mannose (commonly found in yeast) as a major monosaccharide. The polymer was found to act as an oil dispersant based on its ability to effectively emulsify pure and complex oils into stable oil emulsions-a function we suspect to be conferred by the high protein content and high ratio of total hydrophobic nonpolar to polar amino acids (52.7:11.2) of the polymer. The polymer's chemical composition, which is akin to that of other marine exopolymers also having a high protein-to-carbohydrate (P/C) content, and which have been shown to effect the rapid and non-ionic aggregation of marine gels, appears indicative of effecting marine oil snow (MOS) formation. We previously reported the strain capable of utilising aromatic hydrocarbons when supplied as single carbon sources. However, here we did not detect biodegradation of these chemicals within a complex (surrogate Macondo) oil, suggesting that the observed enrichment of this organism during the Deepwater Horizon spill may be explained by factors related to substrate availability and competition within the complex and dynamic microbial communities that were continuously evolving during that spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nikolova
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Bowler
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jones
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Villarreal-Rodríguez G, Escajeda-García JM, Chen L, Amaya-Olivas N, Ruiz-Anchondo T, Neder-Suarez D, Chávez-Flores D, Gutierrez-Mendez N, Hernández-Ochoa L. Production and Physicochemical Characterization of the Gel Obtained in the Fermentation Process of Blue Corn Flour ( Zea mays L.) with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Gels 2024; 10:314. [PMID: 38786231 PMCID: PMC11121400 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Food gels are viscoelastic substances used in various gelled products manufactured around the world. Polysaccharides are the most common food gelling agents. The aim of this work was the production and characterization of a gel produced in a blue corn flour fermentation process, where different proportions were used of blue corn (Zea mays L.) flour and Czapek Dox culture medium (90 mL of culture medium with 10 g of blue corn flour, 80 mL of culture medium with 20 g of blue corn flour, and 70 mL of culture medium with 30 g of blue corn flour) and were fermented for three different durations (20, 25, and 30 days) with the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus. A characterization of the gel was carried out studying the rheological properties, proximal analysis, toxicological analysis, microscopic structure, and molecular characterization, in addition to a solubility test with three different organic solvents (ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate, in addition to water). The results obtained showed in the rheological analysis that the gel could have resistance to high temperatures and a reversible behavior. The gel is soluble in polar solvents (ethanol and water). The main chemical components of the gel are carbohydrates, especially polysaccharides, and it was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy that the gel may be composed of pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Villarreal-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
| | - Jesús Manuel Escajeda-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Nubia Amaya-Olivas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
| | - Teresita Ruiz-Anchondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Pascual Orozco s/n, Campus I, Santo Niño, Chihuahua 31350, Mexico;
| | - David Neder-Suarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
| | - Néstor Gutierrez-Mendez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
| | - León Hernández-Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (G.V.-R.); (J.M.E.-G.); (N.A.-O.); (D.N.-S.); (D.C.-F.); (N.G.-M.)
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Show S, Akhter R, Paul I, Das P, Bal M, Bhattacharya R, Bose D, Mondal A, Saha S, Halder G. Efficacy of exopolysaccharide in dye-laden wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141753. [PMID: 38531498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of dye-laden wastewater into the water streams causes severe water and soil pollution, which poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems and humans. A diverse array of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) of different compositions and exhibit great bioflocculation potency to sustainably eradicate dyes from water bodies. Nanomodified chemical composites of EPS enable their recyclability during dye-laden wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, the selection of potent EPS-producing strains and physiological parameters of microbial growth and the remediation process could influence the removal efficiency of EPS. This review will intrinsically discuss the fundamental importance of EPS from diverse microbial origins and their nanomodified chemical composites, the mechanisms in EPS-mediated bioremediation of dyes, and the parametric influences on EPS-mediated dye removal through sorption/bioflocculation. This review will pave the way for designing and adopting futuristic green and sustainable EPS-based bioremediation strategies for dye-laden wastewater in situ and ex situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramisa Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrani Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India
| | - Payal Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Manisha Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Riya Bhattacharya
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Debajyoti Bose
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Vedanta College, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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Gan L, Huang X, He Z, He T. Exopolysaccharide production by salt-tolerant bacteria: Recent advances, current challenges, and future prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130731. [PMID: 38471615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers derived from exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are considered eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to available traditional synthetic counterparts. Salt-tolerant bacteria inhabiting harsh ecological niches have evolved a number of unique adaptation strategies allowing them to maintain cellular integrity and assuring their long-term survival; among these, producing EPSs can be adopted as an effective strategy to thrive under high-salt conditions. A great diversity of EPSs from salt-tolerant bacteria have attracted widespread attention recently. Because of factors such as their unique structural, physicochemical, and functional characteristics, EPSs are commercially valuable for the global market and their application potential in various sectors is promising. However, large-scale production and industrial development of these biopolymers are hindered by their low yields and high costs. Consequently, the research progress and future prospects of salt-tolerant bacterial EPSs must be systematically reviewed to further promote their application and commercialization. In this review, the structure and properties of EPSs produced by a variety of salt-tolerant bacterial strains isolated from different sources are summarized. Further, feasible strategies for solving production bottlenecks are discussed, which provides a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational EPS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tengxia He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Yaşar Yıldız S, Radchenkova N. Exploring Extremophiles from Bulgaria: Biodiversity, Biopolymer Synthesis, Functional Properties, Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 38201734 PMCID: PMC10780585 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulgaria stands out as a country rich in diverse extreme environments, boasting a remarkable abundance of mineral hot waters, which positions it as the second-largest source of such natural resources in Europe. Notably, several thermal and coastal solar salterns within its territory serve as thriving habitats for thermophilic and halophilic microorganisms, which offer promising bioactive compounds, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Multiple thermophilic EPS producers were isolated, along with a selection from several saltern environments, revealing an impressive taxonomic and bacterial diversity. Four isolates from three different thermophilic species, Geobacillus tepidamans V264, Aeribacillus pallidus 418, Brevibacillus thermoruber 423, and Brevibacillus thermoruber 438, along with the halophilic strain Chromohalobacter canadensis 28, emerged as promising candidates for further exploration. Optimization of cultivation media and conditions was conducted for each EPS producer. Additionally, investigations into the influence of aeration and stirring in laboratory bioreactors provided valuable insights into growth dynamics and polymer synthesis. The synthesized biopolymers showed excellent emulsifying properties, emulsion stability, and synergistic interaction with other hydrocolloids. Demonstrated biological activities and functional properties pave the way for potential future applications in diverse fields, with particular emphasis on cosmetics and medicine. The remarkable versatility and efficacy of biopolymers offer opportunities for innovation and development in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yıldız
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nadja Radchenkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Dutta B, Halder U, Chitikineni A, Varshney RK, Bandopadhyay R. Delving into the lifestyle of Sundarban Wetland resident, biofilm producing, halotolerant Salinicoccus roseus: a comparative genomics-based intervention. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:681. [PMID: 37957573 PMCID: PMC10642018 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial community played an essential role in ecosystem processes, be it mangrove wetland or other intertidal ecologies. Several enzymatic activities like hydrolases are effective ecological indicators of soil microbial function. So far, little is known on halophilic bacterial contribution and function on a genomic viewpoint of Indian Sundarban Wetland. Considering the above mentioned issues, the aims of this study was to understand the life style, metabolic functionalities and genomic features of the isolated bacterium, Salinicoccus roseus strain RF1H. A comparative genome-based study of S. roseus has not been reported yet. Henceforth, we have considered the inclusion of the intra-species genome comparison of S. roseus to gain insight into the high degree of variation in the genome of strain RF1H among others. RESULTS Salinicoccus roseus strain RF1H is a pink-red pigmented, Gram-positive and non-motile cocci. The bacterium exhibited high salt tolerance (up to 15% NaCl), antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and secretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. The circular genome was approximately 2.62978 Mb in size, encoding 574 predicted genes with GC content 49.5%. Presence of genomic elements (prophages, transposable elements, CRISPR-Cas system) represented bacterial virulence and multidrug-resistance. Furthermore, genes associated with salt tolerance, temperature adaptation and DNA repair system were distributed in 17 genomic islands. Genes related to hydrocarbon degradation manifested metabolic capability of the bacterium for potential biotechnological applications. A comparative pangenome analysis revealed two-component response regulator, modified C4-dicarboxylate transport system and osmotic stress regulated ATP-binding proteins. Presence of genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (ADC) enzyme being involved in biofilm formation was reported from the genome. In silico study revealed the protein is thermostable and made up with ~ 415 amino acids, and hydrophilic in nature. Three motifs appeared to be evolutionary conserved in all Salinicoccus sequences. CONCLUSION The first report of whole genome analysis of Salinicoccus roseus strain RF1H provided information of metabolic functionalities, biofilm formation, resistance mechanism and adaptation strategies to thrive in climate-change induced vulnerable spot like Sundarban. Comparative genome analysis highlighted the unique genome content that contributed the strain's adaptability. The biomolecules produced during metabolism are important sources of compounds with potential beneficial applications in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhramar Dutta
- Department of Botany, Microbiology Section, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West, Bengal-713104, India
| | - Urmi Halder
- Department of Botany, Microbiology Section, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West, Bengal-713104, India
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6500, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6500, Australia
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- Department of Botany, Microbiology Section, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West, Bengal-713104, India.
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Saravanaraj A, Sivanesh N, Anusha S, Surianarayanan M. Metabolic behaviour of Halomanas variabilis in a bio-reaction calorimeter during batch production of extracellular polymeric substances. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baria DM, Patel NY, Yagnik SM, Panchal RR, Rajput KN, Raval VH. Exopolysaccharides from marine microbes with prowess for environment cleanup. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76611-76625. [PMID: 36166130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A variety of both small and large biologically intriguing compounds can be found abundantly in the marine environment. Researchers are particularly interested in marine bacteria because they can produce classes of bioactive secondary metabolites that are structurally diverse. The main secondary metabolites produced by marine bacteria are regarded as steroids, alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, biopolymers, and polyketides. The global urbanization leads to the increased use of organic pollutants that are both persistent and toxic for humans, other life forms and tend to biomagnified in environment. The issue can be addressed, by using marine microbial biopolymers with ability for increased bioremediation. Amongst biopolymers, the exopolysaccharides (EPS) are the most prominent under adverse environmental stress conditions. The present review emphasizes the use of EPS as a bio-flocculent for wastewater treatment, as an adsorbent for the removal of textile dye and heavy metals from industrial effluents. The biofilm-forming ability of EPS helps with soil reclamation and reduces soil erosion. EPS are an obvious choice being environmentally friendly and cost-effective in processes for developing sustainable technology. However, a better understanding of EPS biosynthetic pathways and further developing novel sustainable technologies is desirable and certainly will pave the way for efficient usage of EPS for environment cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiksha Mansukhlal Baria
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Yogeshbhai Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Rakeshkumar Ramanlal Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiransinh Narendrasinh Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikram Hiren Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Biswas J, Jana SK, Mandal S. Biotechnological impacts of Halomonas: a promising cell factory for industrially relevant biomolecules. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-30. [PMID: 36253947 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extremophiles are the most fascinating life forms for their special adaptations and ability to offer unique extremozymes or bioactive molecules. Halophiles, the natural inhabitants of hypersaline environments, are one among them. Halomonas are the common genus of halophilic bacteria. To support growth in unusual environments, Halomonas produces various hydrolytic enzymes, compatible solutes, biopolymers like extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and polyhydroxy alkaloates (PHA), antibiotics, biosurfactants, pigments, etc. Many of such molecules are being produced in large-scale bioreactors for commercial use. However, the prospect of the remaining bioactive molecules with industrial relevance is far from their application. Furthermore, the genetic engineering of the respective gene clusters could open up a new path to bio-prospect these molecules by overproducing their products through heterologous expression. The present survey on Halomonas highlights their ecological diversity, application potential of the their various industrially relevant biomolecules and impact of these biomolecules on respective fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhuma Biswas
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jana
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Xiao M, Ren X, Yu Y, Gao W, Zhu C, Sun H, Kong Q, Fu X, Mou H. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharides: Sources, biological activities, and food applications. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100233. [PMID: 35498987 PMCID: PMC9039932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides are high molecular weight polysaccharides that are secreted by a wide range of bacteria, with diverse structures and easy preparation. Fucose, fucose-containing oligosaccharides (FCOs), and fucose-containing polysaccharides (FCPs) have important applications in the food and medicine fields, including applications in products for removing Helicobacter pylori and infant formula powder. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharide (FcEPS) is a prospective source of fucose, FCOs, and FCPs. This review systematically summarizes the common sources and applications of FCPs and FCOs and the bacterial strains capable of producing FcEPS reported in recent years. The repeated-unit structures, synthesis pathways, and factors affecting the production of FcEPS are reviewed, as well as the degradation methods of FcEPS for preparing FCOs. Finally, the bioactivities of FcEPS, including anti-oxidant, prebiotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-microbial activities, are discussed and may serve as a reference strategy for further applications of FcEPS in the functional food and medicine industries.
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Key Words
- 2′-FL, 2′-fucosyllactose
- 3-FL, 3-fucosyllactose
- ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate
- Bacterial exopolysaccharides
- Bioactivity
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EPS, exopolysaccharides
- FCOs, fucose-containing oligosaccharides
- FCPs, fucose-containing polysaccharides
- FcEPS, fucose-containing EPS
- Food application
- Fucose
- HMOs, human milk oligosaccharides
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- Structure
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
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Contributions of Women in Recent Research on Biopolymer Science. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071420. [PMID: 35406293 PMCID: PMC9003506 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biopolymers are playing a fundamental role in our society because of the environmental issues and concerns associated with synthetic polymers. The aim of this Special Issue entitled ‘Women in Polymer Science and Technology: Biopolymers’ is highlighting the work designed and developed by women on biopolymer science and technology. In this context, this short review aims to provide an introduction to this Special Issue by highlighting some recent contributions of women around the world on the particular topic of biopolymer science and technology during the last 20 years. In the first place, it highlights a selection of important works performed on a number of well-studied natural polymers, namely, agar, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and collagen. Secondly, it gives an insight into the discovery of new polysaccharides and enzymes that have a role in their synthesis and in their degradation. These contributions will be paving the way for the next generation of female and male scientists on this topic.
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Czemierska M, Szcześ A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Physicochemical factors affecting flocculating properties of the proteoglycan isolated from Rhodococcus opacus. Biophys Chem 2021; 277:106656. [PMID: 34274732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble fraction of proteoglycan RS-89 isolated from the Rhodococcus opacus FCL89 and composed of 64.6% polysaccharide and 9.44% protein has been studied as regards its flocculating activity. The RS-89 polysaccharide component includes mannose, galactose and glucose at the molar ratio of 2.7: 1.3: 1. The basic factors affecting flocculating activity of the RS-89 have been established. Additionally, the kinetics of kaolin sedimentation without and with the bioflocculant was investigated. The presence of divalent metal ions had a positive effect on the flocculating activity of the RS-89. The addition of Ca2+ increased the RS-89 flocculating activity in comparison to the other studied metals. It was proved that the proteoglycan RS-89 achieved the highest flocculating activity at the concentration equal to 2 mg/L and in the presence of 10 mmol/L of Ca2+. The zeta potential values are less negative when there is an interaction between the kaolin particles and metal ions without the RS-89 in the tested systems. Therefore, the proposed mechanism to describe the proteoglycan interaction with kaolin particles in the presence of divalent ions includes charge neutralization and a bridging mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czemierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szcześ
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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14
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Nikolova C, Gutierrez T. Biosurfactants and Their Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry: Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:626639. [PMID: 33659240 PMCID: PMC7917263 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.626639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic chemical compounds (i.e., having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains) that form an indispensable component in almost every sector of modern industry. Their significance is evidenced from the enormous volumes that are used and wide diversity of applications they are used in, ranging from food and beverage, agriculture, public health, healthcare/medicine, textiles, and bioremediation. A major drive in recent decades has been toward the discovery of surfactants from biological/natural sources-namely bio-surfactants-as most surfactants that are used today for industrial applications are synthetically-manufactured via organo-chemical synthesis using petrochemicals as precursors. This is problematic, not only because they are derived from non-renewable resources, but also because of their environmental incompatibility and potential toxicological effects to humans and other organisms. This is timely as one of today's key challenges is to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and to move toward using renewable and sustainable sources. Considering the enormous genetic diversity that microorganisms possess, they offer considerable promise in producing novel types of biosurfactants for replacing those that are produced from organo-chemical synthesis, and the marine environment offers enormous potential in this respect. In this review, we begin with an overview of the different types of microbial-produced biosurfactants and their applications. The remainder of this review discusses the current state of knowledge and trends in the usage of biosurfactants by the Oil and Gas industry for enhancing oil recovery from exhausted oil fields and as dispersants for combatting oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Athmika, Ghate SD, Arun AB, Rao SS, Kumar STA, Kandiyil MK, Saptami K, Rekha PD. Genome analysis of a halophilic bacterium Halomonas malpeensis YU-PRIM-29 T reveals its exopolysaccharide and pigment producing capabilities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1749. [PMID: 33462335 PMCID: PMC7814019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Halomonas malpeensis strain YU-PRIM-29T is a yellow pigmented, exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing halophilic bacterium isolated from the coastal region. To understand the biosynthesis pathways involved in the EPS and pigment production, whole genome analysis was performed. The complete genome sequencing and the de novo assembly were carried out using Illumina sequencing and SPAdes genome assembler (ver 3.11.1) respectively followed by detailed genome annotation. The genome consists of 3,607,821 bp distributed in 18 contigs with 3337 protein coding genes and 53% of the annotated CDS are having putative functions. Gene annotation disclosed the presence of genes involved in ABC transporter-dependent pathway of EPS biosynthesis. As the ABC transporter-dependent pathway is also implicated in the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis, we employed extraction protocols for both EPS (from the culture supernatants) and CPS (from the cells) and found that the secreted polysaccharide i.e., EPS was predominant. The EPS showed good emulsifying activities against the petroleum hydrocarbons and its production was dependent on the carbon source supplied. The genome analysis also revealed genes involved in industrially important metabolites such as zeaxanthin pigment, ectoine and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. To confirm the genome data, we extracted these metabolites from the cultures and successfully identified them. The pigment extracted from the cells showed the distinct UV-Vis spectra having characteristic absorption peak of zeaxanthin (λmax 448 nm) with potent antioxidant activities. The ability of H. malpeensis strain YU-PRIM-29T to produce important biomolecules makes it an industrially important bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmika
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - A B Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Sneha S Rao
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - S T Arun Kumar
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Mrudula Kinarulla Kandiyil
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Kanekar Saptami
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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16
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Felz S, Kleikamp H, Zlopasa J, van Loosdrecht MC, Lin Y. Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge. Biofilm 2020; 2:100011. [PMID: 33447798 PMCID: PMC7798472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural extracellular polymeric substances (structural EPS) can form stable hydrogels and are considered to be responsible for the stability of biofilms and aerobic granular sludge. Structural EPS were extracted from aerobic granular sludge and characterized for their gel-forming capacity with different alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The structural EPS hydrogels were compared to alginate hydrogels. Alginate is a well characterized polymer which is able to form stiff hydrogels with multivalent ions. The stiffness of the obtained hydrogels was measured with dynamic mechanical analysis and quantified by the Young's modulus. Furthermore the stability of structural EPS hydrogels towards disintegration in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated at pH 4.5-10.5 and compared to that of alginate, polygalacturonic acid and κ-carrageenan. The stiffness of alginate hydrogels was multiple times higher than that of structural EPS. Alkaline earth metals resulted in stiffer alginate hydrogels than transition metals. For structural EPS this trend was opposite to alginate. Independent of the pH, polysaccharide hydrogels were quickly disintegrated when being exposed to EDTA. Structural EPS hydrogels demonstrated greater stability towards EDTA and were still intact after one month at pH 4.5-8.5. It is suggested that the gelling mechanism of structural EPS is not only related to metal ion complexation of the polymers, but to a combination of interactions of multiple functional groups present in structural EPS. This study helps to further understand and characterize structural EPS from aerobic granular sludge, and therewith understand its stability and that of biofilms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Felz
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Kleikamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jure Zlopasa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
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17
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Gan L, Li X, Wang H, Peng B, Tian Y. Structural characterization and functional evaluation of a novel exopolysaccharide from the moderate halophile Gracilibacillus sp. SCU50. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1140-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Mahdhi A, Chakroun I, Espinosa-Ruiz C, Messina CM, Arena R, Majdoub H, Santulli A, Mzoughi R, Esteban MA. Dietary administration effects of exopolysaccharide from potential probiotic strains on immune and antioxidant status and nutritional value of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:51-58. [PMID: 32302865 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of biological immunostimulants is considered a valuable practice to improve culture conditions in aquaculture sector that may help to increase production and maintain healthy environment. We undertook this study in order to evaluate the potential effect of the administration of two exopolysaccharides (EPS) "EPLB" and "EPB" derived from potential probiotic strains on immune and antioxidant status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae. In order to find out if the EPSs have an effect on the biochemical composition during the trial period, the nutritional value has been evaluated. The results revealed that expression levels of immune-relevant genes (infg, Il1b, Il8, Il6 and tcr-β) in the gut and head kidney and the scavenging enzymes (cat, sod, gr) genes in the liver were modulated. In fact, the dietary supplementation with the tested EPSs, significantly enhances the expression of immune-associated genes in the head-kidney, particularly infg and tcrβ, as well as catalase gene in liver. During the period of study, EPSs administration did not affect the fatty acid profiles of larvae, which is balanced. This is confirmed by the Docosahexaenoic acid / Eicosapentaenoic acid ratio and demonstrates that EPLB and EPB can be administrated without any negative effect on biochemical composition of European sea bass. The present findings provided evidence that the tested EPSs with antibacterial and antioxidant activities can enhance immune response without negative effect on the biochemical composition. The used EPSs can be considered as a good source of natural functional aquafeed ingredients for European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkarim Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the envirOnment and Products. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ibtissem Chakroun
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the envirOnment and Products. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Rosaria Arena
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of the Polluants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Ridha Mzoughi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the envirOnment and Products. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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19
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Sahana TG, Rekha PD. A novel exopolysaccharide from marine bacterium Pantoea sp. YU16-S3 accelerates cutaneous wound healing through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116191. [PMID: 32299547 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides with versatile properties are the potential candidates for wound healing applications. In this study, an exopolysaccharide, EPS-S3, isolated from a marine bacteria Pantoea sp. YU16-S3 was evaluated for its wound-healing abilities by studying the key molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Basic characterisation showed EPS-S3 as a heteropolysaccharide with glucose, galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine and glucosamine. The molecular weight of EPS-S3 was estimated to be 1.75 × 105 Da. It showed thermal stability up to 200 °C and shear-thickening non-Newtonian behaviour. It was biocompatible with dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and showed cell adhesion and cell proliferation properties. EPS-S3 facilitated cell migration in fibroblasts, induced rapid transition of cell cycle phases and also activated macrophages. In vivo experiments in rats showed the re-epithelialization of injured tissue with increased expression of HB-EGF, FGF, E-cadherin and β-catenin in EPS-S3 treatment. The results indicate that EPS-S3 modulates healing process through Wnt/β-catenin pathway due to its unique characteristics. In conclusion, EPS-S3 biosynthesized by the marine bacterium is a potential biomolecule for cutaneous wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sahana
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
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20
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Zehir Şentürk D, Dertli E, Erten H, Şimşek Ö. Structural and technological characterization of ropy exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Tarhana. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:121-129. [PMID: 31976134 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide producing starter cultures enable manufacturing "clean labeled" foods with improved textural and nutritional properties. The structural and technological analyses were performed on the ropy exopolysaccharides of six Lactobacillus plantarum. The incubation temperature, time and pH affected the exopolysaccharide production and high exopolysaccharide was produced in the presence of sucrose and maltose. The viscosity of exopolysaccharide was high at acidic conditions except PFC311E that showed viscous at neutral pH. Lactobacillus plantarum strains produced between 120 and 400 mg/L exopolysaccharide in which the highest was observed at L. plantarum PFC311. Exoploysaccharides were degraded over 300 °C except PFC311E that degraded at 295.7 °C. The NMR analyses revealed that the exopolysaccharides were synthesized by α1-6, α1-3 and α1-4 bonds with glucose, galactose and fructose moieties. In conclusion, L. plantarum PFC311 produced ropy exopolysaccharide with different structural, rheological and thermal properties and reveals potential to be used in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Zehir Şentürk
- 1Department of Food Engineering, University of Pamukkale, 20160 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- 2Department of Food Engineering, University of Bayburt, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Erten
- 3Department of Food Engineering, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şimşek
- 1Department of Food Engineering, University of Pamukkale, 20160 Denizli, Turkey
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21
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López-Ortega MA, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Camacho-Ruíz RM, Córdova J, López-Cuellar MDR, Chavarría-Hernández N, González-García Y. Physicochemical characterization and emulsifying properties of a novel exopolysaccharide produced by haloarchaeon Haloferax mucosum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:152-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Isolation and characterization of dextran produced by Lactobacillus sakei L3 from Hubei sausage. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biofilms: The Microbial "Protective Clothing" in Extreme Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143423. [PMID: 31336824 PMCID: PMC6679078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are communities of aggregated microbial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are recalcitrant to extreme environments, and can protect microorganisms from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, extreme temperature, extreme pH, high salinity, high pressure, poor nutrients, antibiotics, etc., by acting as "protective clothing". In recent years, research works on biofilms have been mainly focused on biofilm-associated infections and strategies for combating microbial biofilms. In this review, we focus instead on the contemporary perspectives of biofilm formation in extreme environments, and describe the fundamental roles of biofilm in protecting microbial exposure to extreme environmental stresses and the regulatory factors involved in biofilm formation. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation in extreme environments is essential for the employment of beneficial microorganisms and prevention of harmful microorganisms.
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24
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Govarthanan M, Kamala-Kannan S, Selvankumar T, Mythili R, Srinivasan P, Kim H. Effect of blue light on growth and exopolysaccharides production in phototrophic Rhodobacter sp. BT18 isolated from brackish water. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Balasubramanian B, Ilavenil S, N.A. AD, Agastian P, Choi KC. Isolation and characterization of Aspergillus sp. for the production of extracellular polysaccharides by response surface methodology. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:449-454. [PMID: 30899156 PMCID: PMC6408712 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Aspergillus sp. was isolated for the production of extracellular polysaccharide. The process parameters were initially optimized by traditional methods. The cheap substrate, wheat bran was used for the production of extracellular polysaccharide in solid state fermentation. Supplementation of (1%, w/w) maltose, gelatin enhanced EPS production (5.36 mg/g). The salts such as, Cu2+ (4.9 mg/g), Ca2+ (3.5 mg/g), Zn2+ (2.9 mg/g), Mn2+ (3.4 mg/g) and Mg2+ (1.8 mg/g) stimulated EPS production. In two level full factorial experimental designs, the EPS yield varied from 3.18 to 11.65 mg/g wheat bran substrate with various combinations of the components supplemented with wheat bran substrate. Among these selected factors in central composite design, maltose significantly influenced on extracellular polysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soundharrajan Ilavenil
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Al-Dhabi N.A.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Agastian
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 34, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
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26
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de Jesus CS, de Jesus Assis D, Rodriguez MB, Menezes Filho JA, Costa JAV, de Souza Ferreira E, Druzian JI. Pilot-scale isolation and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cell-free medium of Spirulina sp. LEB-18 cultures under outdoor conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1106-1114. [PMID: 30521900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This objective of this work was to monitor the EPS production during the growth of Spirulina sp. LEB-18, evaluate the productivity and to characterize the exopolymers obtained on pilot-scale under outdoor conditions. The production of crude EPS occurred in all phases of biomass growth and was approximately ten folds higher than that biomass concentration of Spirulina sp. LEB-18 at the end cultivation, demonstrating the importance of the use of supernatant after harvesting of Spirulina to obtain high value bioproducts. The EPS extracted by Spirulina sp. LEB-18 are typically heteropolymers with one high molecular weight fraction (polysaccharides) with potential to be utilized as an alternative bioflocculant and another fraction of lower molecular mass (proteins). The presence of uronic acids, pyruvates and acyl groups of carbohydrates or carboxylic groups of amino acids in protein moiety is the main responsible for overall negative charge of EPS, which is also of biotechnological importance. Moreover, due to the pseudoplastic behavior of the solutions and high thermal stability, the obtained EPS can be widely applied in several industrial sectors, thus determining its technological and market potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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27
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Microbial Flocculants as an Alternative to Synthetic Polymers for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae have been used to produce bioflocculants with various structures. These polymers are active substances that are biodegradable, environmentally harmless, and have flocculation characteristics. Most of the developed microbial bioflocculants displayed significant flocculating activity (FA > 70–90%) depending on the strain used and on the operating parameters. These biopolymers have been investigated and successfully used for wastewater depollution in the laboratory. In various cases, selected efficient microbial flocculants could reduce significantly suspended solids (SS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Nt), dye, and heavy metals, with removal percentages exceeding 90% depending on the bioflocculating materials and on the wastewater characteristics. Moreover, bioflocculants showed acceptable results for sludge conditioning (accepted levels of dry solids, specific resistance to filtration, moisture, etc.) compared to chemicals. This paper explores various bioflocculants produced by numerous microbial strains. Their production procedures and flocculating performance will be included. Furthermore, their efficiency in the depollution of wastewater will be discussed.
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28
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Isolation and characterization of halophilic bacteria producing exopolymers with emulsifying and antioxidant activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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30
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Banerjee A, Rudra SG, Mazumder K, Nigam V, Bandopadhyay R. Structural and Functional Properties of Exopolysaccharide Excreted by a Novel Bacillus anthracis (Strain PFAB2) of Hot Spring Origin. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:39-50. [PMID: 29434396 PMCID: PMC5801188 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide produced by a unique avirulent Bacillus anthracis strain PFAB2 of hot spring origin has been characterized and its functional properties are investigated which is a first report. Maximum yield of EPS is 7.66 g/l with 2% glucose and 1% peptone as optimum carbon and nitrogen source respectively. The EPS is found to be a homopolymer consisting of only glucose as principle monosaccharide component. Through 1H NMR study, different dextran-like proton peaks are observed. Molecular weight of the EPS resembles low molecular weight bacterial origin polysaccharides. Melting transition of the EPS has started after 276 °C which indicates good thermal stability. The EPS also shows potent antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH and ABTS mediated free radical scavenging property compared to standard ascorbic acid. Emulsifying property of the EPS is also observed and has shown good emulsification of vegetable oils. The polysaccharide forms a thermo resistant gel during the heating phase, with G' higher than G″ indicating excellent shear-thinning behaviour and viscoelastic nature of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee
- UGC-CAS, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
| | - Shalini Gaur Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Koushik Mazumder
- Food and Nutrional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt of India, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
| | - Vinod Nigam
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215 India
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- UGC-CAS, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
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31
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Zhou Q, Feng F, Yang Y, Zhao F, Du R, Zhou Z, Han Y. Characterization of a dextran produced by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides XG5 from homemade wine. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2234-2241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Du R, Xing H, Yang Y, Jiang H, Zhou Z, Han Y. Optimization, purification and structural characterization of a dextran produced by L. mesenteroides isolated from Chinese sauerkraut. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:409-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Zhang F, Xu X, Wei H, Tao X. Characterization and bioactivities of the exopolysaccharide from a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6895-6905. [PMID: 28711240 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) was extracted and purified from Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04, which has been confirmed previously as a potential probiotic for its antagonistic and immune-modulating activity. It has a molecular weight of 6.61 × 104 Da, consisting of xylose, glucose, and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 3.4:1.8:1. Microstructural studies demonstrated that the EPS appeared as a smooth sheet structure with many homogeneous rod-shaped lumps. The preliminary in vitro assays indicated that the EPS could significantly inhibit the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to HT-29 cells in competition, replacement, and inhibition assays at a dose of 1.0 mg/mL, with an inhibition rate of 20.24 ± 2.23, 29.71 ± 1.21, and 30.57 ± 1.73%, respectively. Additionally, the EPS exhibited strong inhibition against biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa CMCC10104, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC13311, and Staphylococcus aureus CMCC26003. Furthermore, the EPS showed good inhibitory activity against the proliferation of HT-29 cells. The characteristics and bioactivities of this EPS may make it a promising candidate in developing functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiongpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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34
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Biswas J, Paul AK. Optimization of factors influencing exopolysaccharide production by Halomonas xianhensis SUR308 under batch culture. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:564-579. [PMID: 31294176 PMCID: PMC6604991 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderately halophilic bacterium, Halomonas xianhensis SUR308 (GenBank Accession No. KJ933394) was isolated from multi-pond solar salterns of Odisha, India. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by this strain in malt extract yeast extract (MY) medium has been optimized under batch culture system. Among the different media tested, MY medium showed an EPS production of 2.55 g/L, which increased to 2.85 g/L under optimized aeration. An initial pH of 7.5 and incubation temperature of 32 °C were found to be most suitable for EPS production by the isolate under aerobic condition. An EPS production of 3.85 g/L was achieved when the growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% NaCl. Glucose was the most favourable carbon source for EPS production and maximum production (5.70 g/L) was recorded with 3% glucose. However, growth as well as production of EPS was remarkably affected when the growth medium was supplemented with hydrocarbons as sole source of carbon. Among different nitrogen sources, casein hydrolysate at 0.5% level was proved to be the best for EPS production and an initial inoculum dose of 7% (v/v) enhanced the EPS production to 7.78 g/L, while the divalent metal ions were in general toxic to growth and EPS production, EPS synthesis by SUR308 was enhanced with Cr (VI) supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhuma Biswas
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Amal K Paul
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
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35
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Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050814. [PMID: 28509876 PMCID: PMC6153930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. In this work, a fractional factorial design was adopted to investigate the significant factors that affected EPS production. The factors of KCl and MgSO4 were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO4 (initial pH 7.0). The maximal EPS was 48.01 g/L, which is close to the predicted value (50.39 g/L). In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments.
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36
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Banerjee A, Bandopadhyay R. Chapter 1 Bacterial Exopolysaccharides. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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37
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Czemierska M, Szcześ A, Pawlik A, Wiater A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Production and characterisation of exopolymer from Rhodococcus opacus. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Wang J, Zhao X, Tian Z, Yang Y, Yang Z. Characterization of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 isolated from Tibet Kefir. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 125:16-25. [PMID: 25857955 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain YW11 isolated from Tibet Kefir was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and the strain was shown to produce 90 mgL(-1) of EPS when grown in a semi-defined medium. The molecular mass of the EPS was 1.1 × 10(5)Da. The EPS was composed of glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.71:1, with possible presence of N-acetylated sugar residues in the polysaccharide as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Rheological studies showed that the EPS had higher viscosity in skim milk, at lower temperature, or at acidic pH. The viscous nature of the EPS was confirmed by observation with scanning electron microscopy that demonstrated a highly branched and porous structure of the polysaccharide. The atomic force microscopy of the EPS further revealed presence of many spherical lumps, facilitating binding with water in aqueous solution. The EPS had a higher degradation temperature (287.7°C), suggesting high thermal stability of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; School of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Yang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; School of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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