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Schröder V, Gherghel D, Apetroaei MR, Gîjiu CL, Isopescu R, Dinculescu D, Apetroaei MM, Enache LE, Mihai CT, Rău I, Vochița G. α-Chitosan and β-Oligochitosan Mixtures-Based Formula for In Vitro Assessment of Melanocyte Cells Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6768. [PMID: 38928474 PMCID: PMC11204147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer with numerous biomedical applications. The cellular activity of chitosan has been studied in various types of cancer, including melanoma, and indicates that these molecules can open new perspectives on antiproliferative action and anticancer therapy. This study analyzes how different chitosan conformations, such as α-chitosan (CH) or β-oligochitosan (CO), with various degrees of deacetylation (DDA) and molar mass (MM), both in different concentrations and in CH-CO mixtures, influence the cellular processes of SK-MEL-28 melanocytes, to estimate the reactivity of these cells to the applied treatments. The in vitro evaluation was carried out, aiming at the cellular metabolism (MTT assay), cellular morphology, and chitinase-like glycoprotein YKL-40 expression. The in vitro effect of the CH-CO mixture application on melanocytes is obvious at low concentrations of α-chitosan/β-oligochitosan (1:2 ratio), with the cell's response supporting the hypothesis that β-oligo-chitosan amplifies the effect. This oligochitosan mixture, favored by the β conformation and its small size, penetrates faster into the cells, being more reactive when interacting with some cellular components. Morphological effects expressed by the loss of cell adhesion and the depletion of YKL-40 synthesis are significant responses of melanocytes. β-oligochitosan (1.5 kDa) induces an extension of cytophysiological effects and limits the cell viability compared to α-chitosan (400-900 kDa). Statistical analysis using multivariate techniques showed differences between the CH samples and CH-CO mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verginica Schröder
- Departament of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6 Capt. Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gherghel
- Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS—National Institute of Research and Development of Biological Sciences Bucharest, 47 Lascar Catargi, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Manuela Rossemary Apetroaei
- Department of Marine Electric and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, 1 Fulgerului Street, 900218 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Luminița Gîjiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Raluca Isopescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Daniel Dinculescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura Elena Enache
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | | | - Ileana Rău
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Gabriela Vochița
- Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS—National Institute of Research and Development of Biological Sciences Bucharest, 47 Lascar Catargi, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
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Atmaca H, Oguz F, Ilhan S. Chitosan in cancer therapy: a dual role as a therapeutic agent and drug delivery system. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:95-105. [PMID: 38478126 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy is still the most preferred treatment for cancer, most chemotherapeutic agents target both cancer cells and healthy cells and cause serious side effects due to high toxicity. Improved drug delivery systems (DDSs), which enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic drugs while reducing their toxicity, offer potential solutions to these challenges. Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives are biopolymers with biodegradable, biocompatible, and low-toxicity properties, and their structure allows for convenient chemical and mechanical modifications. In its role as a therapeutic agent, CS can impede the proliferation of tumor cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as by triggering apoptosis. CS and its derivatives are also frequently preferred as DDSs due to their properties such as high drug-carrying capacity, polycationic structure, long-term circulation, and direct targeting of cancer cells. Various therapeutic agents linked to CS and its derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer effects with advantages such as reduced side effects compared to the original drugs, owing to factors like targeted distribution within cancer tissues and sustained release. This review emphasizes the utilization of CS and its derivatives, both as therapeutic agents and as carriers for established chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology 52953 , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University , Manisa 45140, Türkiye
| | - Ferdi Oguz
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology 52953 , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University , Manisa 45140, Türkiye
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Nijhawan HP, Prabhakar B, Yadav KS. Central composite design augmented quality-by-design-based systematic formulation of erlotinib hydrochloride-loaded chitosan-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:427-447. [PMID: 38722230 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2342771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to formulate erlotinib hydrochloride (ERT-HCL)-loaded chitosan (CS) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) using Quality-by-Design (QbD) to optimize critical quality attributes (CQAs). Materials & methods: Quality target product profile (QTPP) and CQAs were initially established. Based on L8-Taguchi screening and risk assessments, central composite design (CCD) design was used to optimize NPs. Results: ERT-HCL-loaded CS-PLGA NPs had a mean particle diameter, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of 226.50 ± 1.62 d.nm, 27.66 ± 0.64 mV and 78.93 ± 1.94 %w/w, respectively. The NPs exhibited homogenous spherical morphology and sustained release for 72 h. Conclusion: Using systematic QbD approach, ERT-HCL was encapsulated in CS-PLGA NPs, optimizing CQAs. These findings propel future research for improved NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh P Nijhawan
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
| | - Bala Prabhakar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
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Shi E, Wang X, Jing H, Xu Y, Feng L, He F, Li D, Dai Z. Synergistic effect of chitosan and β-carotene in inhibiting MNU-induced retinitis pigmentosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131671. [PMID: 38641272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was intraperitoneally injected to construct a mouse retinitis pigmentosa (RP) model to evaluate the protective effect of chitosan and β-carotene on RP. The results demonstrated that chitosan synergized with β-carotene significantly reduced retinal histopathological structural damage in RP mice. The co-treatment group of β-carotene and chitosan restored the retinal thickness and outer nuclear layer thickness better than the group treated with the two alone, and the thickness reached the normal level. The content of β-carotene and retinoids in the liver of chitosan and β-carotene co-treated group increased by 46.75 % and 20.69 %, respectively, compared to the β-carotene group. Chitosan and β-carotene supplement suppressed the expressions of Bax, Calpain2, Caspase3, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and promoted the up-regulation of Bcl2. Chitosan and β-carotene interventions remarkably contributed to the content of SCFAs and enhanced the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Odoribacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae. Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong association between gut microbiota and improvement in retinitis pigmentosa. This study will provide a reference for the study of the gut-eye axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjuan Shi
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operative, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huili Jing
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yayuan Xu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fatao He
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operative, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Jagdale S, Agarwal B, Dixit A, Gaware S. Chitosan as excellent bio-macromolecule with myriad of anti-activities in biomedical applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128697. [PMID: 38096939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the myriad of anti-activities of chitosan - deacylated derivative of chitin in biomedical applications. Chitosan consists of reactive residual amino groups, which can be modified chemically to obtain wide range of derivatives. These derivatives exhibit the controlled physicochemical characteristics, which in turn improve its functional properties. Such derivatives find numerous applications in the field of biomedical science, agriculture, tissue engineering, bone regeneration and environmental science. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the multifarious anti-activities of chitosan and its derivatives in the field of biomedical science including anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, anti- inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic activity. It briefly details these anti-activities with respect to its mode of action, pharmacological effects and potential applications. It also presents the overview of current research exploring novel derivatives of chitosan and its anti- activities in the recent past. Finally, the review projects the prospective potential of chitosan and its derivatives and expects to encourage the readers to develop new drug delivery systems based on such chitosan derivatives and explore its applications in biomedical science for benefit of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Jagdale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon-Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India.
| | - Babita Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon-Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
| | - Abhishek Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon-Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
| | - Saurabh Gaware
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Thergaon-Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
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Wasilewska M, Michna A, Pomorska A, Wolski K, Zapotoczny S, Farkas E, Szittner Z, Szekacs I, Horvath R. Polysaccharide-based nano-engineered multilayers for controlled cellular adhesion in label-free biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125701. [PMID: 37429346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling cellular adhesion is a critical step in the development of biomaterials, and in cell- based biosensing assays. Usually, the adhesivity of cells is tuned by an appropriate biocompatible layer. Here, synthetic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), natural chitosan, and heparin (existing in an extracellular matrix) were selected to assembly PDADMAC/heparin and chitosan/heparin films. The physicochemical properties of macroion multilayers were determined by streaming potential measurements (SPM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D), and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). The topography of the wet films was imaged using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The adhesion of preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 on those well-characterized polysaccharide-based multilayers was evaluated using a resonant waveguide grating (RWG) based optical biosensor and digital holographic microscopy. The latter method was engaged to investigate long-term cellular behavior on the fabricated multilayers. (PDADMAC/heparin) films were proved to be the most effective in inducing cellular adhesion. The cell attachment to chitosan/heparin-based multilayers was negligible. It was found that efficient adhesion of the cells occurs onto homogeneous and rigid multilayers (PDADMAC/heparin), whereas the macroion films forming "sponge-like" structures (chitosan/heparin) are less effective, and could be employed when reduced adhesion is needed. Polysaccharide-based multilayers can be considered versatile systems for medical applications. One can postulate that the presented results are relevant not only for modeling studies but also for applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wasilewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aneta Michna
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agata Pomorska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Enikő Farkas
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Szittner
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.
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Eswar K, Mukherjee S, Ganesan P, Kumar Rengan A. Immunomodulatory Natural Polysaccharides: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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8
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Ashry NM, El Bahgy HEK, Mohamed A, Alsubhi NH, Alrefaei GI, Binothman N, Alharbi M, Selim S, Almuhayawi MS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, Sitohy B. Evaluation of graphene oxide, chitosan and their complex as antibacterial agents and anticancer apoptotic effect on HeLa cell line. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922324. [PMID: 36267179 PMCID: PMC9577200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and bacterial infection are the most serious problems threatening people's lives worldwide. However, the overuse of antibiotics as antibacterial and anticancer treatments can cause side effects and lead to drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, developing natural materials with excellent antibacterial and anticancer activity is of great importance. In this study, different concentrations of chitosan (CS), graphene oxide (GO), and graphene oxide-chitosan composite (GO-CS) were tested to inhibit the bacterial growth of gram-positive (Bacillus cereus MG257494.1) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1). Moreover, we used the most efficient natural antibacterial material as an anticancer treatment. The zeta potential is a vital factor for antibacterial and anticancer mechanism, at pH 3–7, the zeta potential of chitosan was positive while at pH 7–12 were negative, however, the zeta potential for GO was negative at all pH values, which (p < 0.05) increased in the GO-CS composite. Chitosan concentrations (0.2 and 1.5%) exhibited antibacterial activity against BC with inhibition zone diameters of 4 and 12 mm, respectively, and against PAO1 with 2 and 10 mm, respectively. Treating BC and PAO1 with GO:CS (1:2) and GO:CS (1:1) gave a larger (p < 0.05) inhibition zone diameter. The viability and proliferation of HeLa cells treated with chitosan were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 95.3% at 0% to 12.93%, 10.33%, and 5.93% at 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.60% concentrations of chitosan, respectively. Furthermore, CS treatment increased the activity of the P53 protein, which serves as a tumor suppressor. This study suggests that chitosan is effective as an antibacterial and may be useful for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Ashry
- Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt
| | - Halla E. K. El Bahgy
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Abdelkader Mohamed
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abou Zaabl, Egypt
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer I. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Binothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Samy Selim
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned T. Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed T. El-Saadony
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Basel Sitohy
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Tousian B, Ghasemi MH, Khosravi AR. Targeted chitosan nanoparticles embedded into graphene oxide functionalized with caffeic acid as a potential drug delivery system: New insight into cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:295-304. [PMID: 36115456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a novel drug delivery technology, chitosan (CHI) nanoparticles are encapsulated in graphene oxide (GO) with caffeic acid (CA). The nanocarrier technique combines targeted drug delivery with molecular imaging to provide new cancer insights. Attachment of CA, an anticancer agent for controlled drug release, to functionalized graphene oxide (GON) utilizing 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was followed by encapsulation of GO with folic acid (FA) attached CHI to produce this novel system. FT-IR was used to characterize and confirm the chemical production process. Brunau-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis was used to validate multi-holes and nanometric dimensions (1-100 nm) and assess their drug administration use. Release and loading tests showed a pH dependence and implied CA hydrogen-bonding in GON. CA encapsulation and loading percentages are 86 % and 67 %, respectively. The acidic environment (pH 5.3) of tumor cells may produce a larger release of CA, and the release rate of CA maintains a constant trend, indicating the drug is released for more than a week (because the release rate has not reached zero). The proposed method provides a potential candidate for a novel drug delivery system in cancer therapy. The resulting nanohybrid system is a new way to combine biodegradable materials, that can be used in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Tousian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box 1419963111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Ghasemi
- Applied Chemistry Research Group, ACECR-Tehran Organization, PO Box 13145-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khosravi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box 1419963111, Tehran, Iran.
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El-Fakharany EM, Ashry M, Abd-Elaleem AEH, Romeih MH, Morsy FA, Shaban RA, Abdel-Wahhab KG. Therapeutic efficacy of Nano-formulation of lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin via promoting immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:43-55. [PMID: 35970364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies promising potential of a novel and safer nanocombination of bovine milk lactoperoxidase (LPO) and lactoferrin (LF) to target breast cancer in vitro and in adult female albino rat model. Favorable selective anticancer effects of the prepared nanocombination were observed, in a dose-dependent manner, against both MCF-7 and MDA cell lines, sparing normal HFB-4 cells. The administration of LPO + LFNPs markedly improved the induced-breast cancer disorders, prolonged survival and reduced the values of serum TNF-α, IL1β, CD4+, ALAT, ASAT, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides with remarkable elevation in mammary SOD and GPx activity and GSH level. Moreover, the histopathological findings showed that LPO + LFNPs succeeded in prevention of mammary gland tumorigenesis. Superior efficacy of LPO + LFNPs was observed against pro-inflammatory cytokines through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The treatment of LPO + LFNPs more significantly modulated the apoptosis and enhanced the expression of cell cycle regulator genes, which demonstrates a successful tumor therapy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this study provided evidence that the chemo-preventive feature of LPO + LFNPs may offer a novel alternative therapy for the treatment of breast cancer through enhances apoptosis pathway, improvement of immune response, reduction of inflammation and restoration of the impaired oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud H Romeih
- Biochemistery and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | | | - Reem A Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minofia University, Minofia, Egypt
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Safi C, Solano AG, Liberelle B, Therriault H, Delattre L, Abdelkhalek M, Wang C, Bergeron-Fortier S, Moreau V, De Crescenzo G, Faucheux N, Lauzon MA, Paquette B, Virgilio N. Effect of Chitosan on Alginate-Based Macroporous Hydrogels for the Capture of Glioblastoma Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4531-4540. [PMID: 35948423 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a type of brain cancer associated with a very low survival rate since a large number of cancer cells remain infiltrated in the brain despite the treatments currently available. This work presents a macroporous hydrogel trap, destined to be implanted in the surgical cavity following tumor resection and designed to attract and retain cancer cells, in order to eliminate them afterward with a lethal dose of stereotactic radiotherapy. The biocompatible hydrogel formulation comprises sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CHI) bearing complementary electrostatic charges and stabilizing the gels in saline and cell culture media, as compared to pristine SA gels. The highly controlled and interconnected porosity, characterized by X-ray microCT, yields mechanical properties comparable to those of brain tissues and allows F98 glioblastoma cells to penetrate the gels within the entire volume, as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The addition of a grafted -RGD peptide on SA, combined with CHI, significantly enhances the adhesion and retention of F98 cells within the gels. Overall, the best compromise between low proliferation and a high level of accumulation and retention of F98 cells was obtained with the hydrogel formulated with 1% SA and 0.2% CHI, without the -RGD adhesion peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Safi
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Angela Giraldo Solano
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Benoit Liberelle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Hélène Therriault
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Lisa Delattre
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Melek Abdelkhalek
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Simon Bergeron-Fortier
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Vaiana Moreau
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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Aykaç A, Şah H, Kükner A, Sayıner S, Şehirli AÖ. Effects of Chitosan on Cisplatin-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in an Animal Model. ISTANBUL MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/imj.galenos.2022.54077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Ferreira PG, Ferreira VF, da Silva FDC, Freitas CS, Pereira PR, Paschoalin VMF. Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061307. [PMID: 35745879 PMCID: PMC9228519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer's physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Cyntia Silva Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-3938-7362
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14
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Characteristics of Marine Biomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060372. [PMID: 35736175 PMCID: PMC9228671 DOI: 10.3390/md20060372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans have vast potential to develop high-value bioactive substances and biomaterials. In the past decades, many biomaterials have come from marine organisms, but due to the wide variety of organisms living in the oceans, the great diversity of marine-derived materials remains explored. The marine biomaterials that have been found and studied have excellent biological activity, unique chemical structure, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and suitable degradation, and can be used as attractive tissue material engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we give an overview of the extraction and processing methods and chemical and biological characteristics of common marine polysaccharides and proteins. This review also briefly explains their important applications in anticancer, antiviral, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other fields.
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Scaffold Production and Bone Tissue Healing Using Electrospinning: Trends and Gap of Knowledge. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Santana JPP, Marcato PD, Massaro TNC, Godoy NL, Anibal FDF, Borra RC. Efficacy of instillation of MB49 cells and thermoreversible polymeric gel in urothelial bladder carcinoma immunization. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:11. [PMID: 35513853 PMCID: PMC9069826 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating the immune system for therapeutic benefit has long been a goal in immunology, especially in cancer treatment, but the low immunogenicity of antitumor vaccines remains a limiting factor in the fight against malignant neoplasms. The increase in the immunogenicity of weak antigens using biodegradable polymers, such as chitosan, has been observed in the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, the effects of the vaccine using a combination of tumor cells and a thermoreversible delivery system based on chitosan in bladder cancer models, mainly using the intravesical route to stimulate the antitumor immune response, are unknown. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of a polymeric gel matrix (TPG) formed by poloxamer 407 and chitosan, associated with MB49 cells, as an intravesical antitumor vaccine using a C57BL/6 murine model of bladder urothelial carcinoma. The effectiveness of immunization was analyzed with the formation of three experimental groups: Control, TPG and TPG + MB49. In the vaccination phase, the TPG + MB49 group underwent a traumatic injury to the bladder wall with immediate intravesical instillation of the vaccine compound containing MB49 cells embedded in TPG. The TPG group was subjected to the same procedures using the compound containing the gel diluted in medium, and the control group using only the medium. After 21 days, the animals were challenged with tumor induction.
Results In vitro tests showed loss of viability and inability to proliferate after exposure to TPG. In vivo tests showed that animals previously immunized with TPG + MB49 had higher cumulative survival, as well as significantly lower bladder weight and size in contrast to the other two groups that did not show a statistically different tumor evolution. In addition, the splenocytes of these animals also showed a higher rate of antitumor cytotoxicity in relation to the TPG and control groups.
Conclusions We can conclude that MB49 cells embedded in a polymeric thermoreversible gel matrix with chitosan used in the form of an intravesical vaccine are able to stimulate the immune response and affect the development of the bladder tumor in an orthotopic and syngeneic C57BL/6 murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscyla Daniely Marcato
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Naiane Lima Godoy
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Alipanah H, Yarian F, Rasti F, Safari M, Hatami S, Osanloo M. Cytotoxic effects of chitosan nanoparticles containing Zataria multiflora essential oil against human breast and melanoma cells. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and melanoma incidence increases worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance and side effects of chemotherapy drugs has led to a great deal of attention being paid to the development of natural medicines, especially using essential oil. The preparation of essential oil-based nanoformulation has thus recently received more attention.
Results
In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) containing Zataria multiflora essential oil with a particle size of 177 ± 10 nm, a narrow particle size distribution (SPAN 0.96), and a cubic-like shape were first prepared. IC50 values of the prepared nanoformulation against human melanoma (A-375) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) were obtained as 32 (12–84), 46 (32–67), and 105 (85–131) µg/mL. Besides, an electrospun polycaprolactone–polyethylene oxide scaffold was prepared as a dressing after treatment with the nanoformulation. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the scaffold's preparation as well as successful loading of the essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles. Furthermore, the scaffold did not show a cytotoxic effect on A-375, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-468, and its surface was hydrophobic as the water contact angle with the surface was 136.5°.
Conclusions
The prepared prototype with natural ingredients and high efficacy could be considered for further consideration in vivo study or complementary medicine.
Graphical abstract
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Kou SG, Peters L, Mucalo M. Chitosan: A review of molecular structure, bioactivities and interactions with the human body and micro-organisms. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119132. [PMID: 35123764 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has many desirable attributes e.g. antimicrobial properties and promoting wound healing, and is used in various applications. This article first discusses how degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight (MW) impacts on what level of bioactivities chitosan manifests, then introduces the "molecular chain configuration" model to explain various possible mechanisms of antimicrobial interactions between chitosan with different MW and different types of bacteria. Similarly, the possible pathways of how chitosan reacts with cancer and the body's immune system to demonstrate immune and antitumor effects are also discussed by using this model. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of how chitosan enhances coagulation and wound healing are also discussed. With these beneficial bioactivities in mind, the application of chitosan in surgery, tissue engineering and oncology is outlined. This review concludes that as chitosan demonstrates many beneficial bioactivities via multiple mechanisms, it is an important polymer with a promising future in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Peters
- School of Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand
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19
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Chitosan-grafted-phenolic acid copolymers against Shewanella putrefaciens by disrupting the permeability of cell membrane. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:73. [PMID: 35288779 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a kind of high molecular polymer with antibacterial properties. A copolymer with high bacteriostatic activity can be formed by grafting phenolic acid compounds into the chitosan molecular chain, which can inhibit the growth of dominant spoilage bacteria in aquatic products. The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism of chitosan-grafted-phenolic acid copolymers on Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens). CS-grafted-protocatechuic acid (CS-g-PA) and CS-grafted-gallic acid (CS-g-GA) were attained by EDC/NHS coupling reaction. The antibacterial tests indicated that CS-g-PA and CS-g-GA had the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1.25 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (5.0 mg/mL) against S. putrefaciens. According to the change trend of growth curve, the growth of S. putrefaciens was significantly restrained under 2MIC graft copolymers (P < 0.05). Moreover, the increment of alkaline phosphatase (AKPase) activity and electrical conductivity demonstrated that the cell wall and membrane permeability of S. putrefaciens were damaged respectively. In addition, the increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDHase) activity, protein and nucleic acid absorbance and the decrease of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity suggested that the cell membrane was incomplete and poor fluidity. The irregular shape of bacteria and the outflow of intercellular contents were also observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM). The above results manifested a great potential of CS-g-PA and CS-g-GA for use as food preservatives to aquatic products.
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Troy E, Tilbury MA, Power AM, Wall JG. Nature-Based Biomaterials and Their Application in Biomedicine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3321. [PMID: 34641137 PMCID: PMC8513057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, based on proteins or polysaccharides, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their broad potential uses in biomedicine. The chemical stability, structural versatility, biocompatibility and high availability of these materials lend them to diverse applications in areas such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Biomaterials purified from animal or plant sources have also been engineered to improve their structural properties or promote interactions with surrounding cells and tissues for improved in vivo performance, leading to novel applications as implantable devices, in controlled drug release and as surface coatings. This review describes biomaterials derived from and inspired by natural proteins and polysaccharides and highlights their promise across diverse biomedical fields. We outline current therapeutic applications of these nature-based materials and consider expected future developments in identifying and utilising innovative biomaterials in new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Troy
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maura A. Tilbury
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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21
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Shaheen S, Arafah MM, Alshanwani AR, Fadda LM, Alhusaini AM, Ali HM, Hasan IH, Hagar H, Alharbi FMB, AlHarthii A. Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising candidate for liver injury induced by 2-nitropropane: Implications of P53, iNOS, VEGF, PCNA, and CD68 pathways. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211011839. [PMID: 33940981 PMCID: PMC10455010 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211011839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The current article was designed to assess the role of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in the management of hepatic injury induced by the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane (2-NP). Rats were divided into three groups. The first group served as a control, the second group was injected with 2-NP, while the third group was treated with CNPs 1 h before 2-NP injection every other day for 4 weeks. The 2-NP injection upregulated serum AST and ALT activities, as well as hepatic TNF- α, IL-6, and MDA levels and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and caspase-3, whereas GSH contents and SOD activity were decreased. Immunohistochemistry investigations revealed that the hepatic protein expression of collagen I, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cluster of differentiation, and p53 were upregulated. hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stains supported the previous parameters, and CNPs ameliorated most of the previous biochemical parameters. CNPs achieved promising results in the limitation of 2-NP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameerah Shaheen
- Anatomy Department and Stem Cell Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Maha M Arafah
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | - Laila Mohammed Fadda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Hanaa M Ali
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, KSA
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatima MB Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Alaa AlHarthii
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, KSA
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Satitsri S, Muanprasat C. Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245961. [PMID: 33339290 PMCID: PMC7766609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.
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Rasul RM, Tamilarasi Muniandy M, Zakaria Z, Shah K, Chee CF, Dabbagh A, Rahman NA, Wong TW. A review on chitosan and its development as pulmonary particulate anti-infective and anti-cancer drug carriers. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116800. [PMID: 33049807 PMCID: PMC7434482 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, is characterized by anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. It lately has received a widespread interest for use as the pulmonary particulate backbone materials of drug carrier for the treatment of infectious disease and cancer. The success of chitosan as pulmonary particulate drug carrier is a critical interplay of their mucoadhesive, permeation enhancement and site/cell-specific attributes. In the case of nanocarriers, various microencapsulation and micro-nano blending systems have been devised to equip them with an appropriate aerodynamic character to enable efficient pulmonary aerosolization and inhalation. The late COVID-19 infection is met with acute respiratory distress syndrome and cancer. Chitosan and its derivatives are found useful in combating HCoV and cancer as a function of their molecular weight, substituent type and its degree of substitution. The interest in chitosan is expected to rise in the next decade from the perspectives of drug delivery in combination with its therapeutic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhisy Mohd Rasul
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Tamilarasi Muniandy
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zabliza Zakaria
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kifayatullah Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Dabbagh
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Sino-Malaysia Molecular Oncology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Delivery Joint Research Centre, Medical College, Yangzhou University. China.
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Seyam S, Nordin NA, Alfatama M. Recent Progress of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives-Based Nanoparticles: Pharmaceutical Perspectives of Oral Insulin Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E307. [PMID: 33066443 PMCID: PMC7602211 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease, affecting more than 400 million people around the world. Patients with poorly controlled blood glucose levels are liable to suffer from life-threatening complications, such as cardiovascular, neuropathy, retinopathy and even premature death. Today, subcutaneous parenteral is still the most common route for insulin therapy. Oral insulin administration is favourable and convenient to the patients. In contrast to injection route, oral insulin delivery mimics the physiological pathway of endogenous insulin secretion. However, oral insulin has poor bioavailability (less than 2%) due to the harsh physiological environment through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Over the last few decades, many attempts have been made to achieve an effective oral insulin formulation with high bioavailability using insulin encapsulation into nanoparticles as advanced technology. Various natural polymers have been employed to fabricate nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for insulin oral administration. Chitosan, a natural polymer, is extensively studied due to the attractive properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, nontoxicity and polycationic nature. Numerous studies were conducted to evaluate chitosan and chitosan derivatives-based nanoparticles capabilities for oral insulin delivery. This review highlights strategies that have been applied in the recent five years to fabricate chitosan/chitosan derivatives-based nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. A summary of the barriers hurdle insulin absorption rendering its low bioavailability such as physical, chemical and enzymatic barriers are highlighted with an emphasis on the most common methods of chitosan nanoparticles preparation. Nanocarriers are able to improve the absorption of insulin through GIT, deliver insulin to the blood circulation and lower blood glucose levels. In spite of some drawbacks encountered in this technology, chitosan and chitosan derivatives-based nanoparticles are greatly promising entities for oral insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia; (S.S.); (N.A.N.)
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Musalli AH, Talukdar PD, Roy P, Kumar P, Wong TW. Folate-induced nanostructural changes of oligochitosan nanoparticles and their fate of cellular internalization by melanoma. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116488. [PMID: 32536388 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of folate environment of oligochitosan nanoparticles on their cellular internalization profiles in human melanoma cells. The conjugates and nanoparticles of oligochitosan-folate, oligochitosan-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil, and oligochitosan-folate-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil were synthesized by carbodiimide chemistry and prepared by nanospray drying technique respectively. The cellular internalization profiles of oligochitosan-folate nanoparticles against the human malignant melanoma cell line (SKMEL-28) were evaluated using confocal scanning electron microscopy technique through fluorescence labelling and endocytic inhibition, as a function of nanoparticulate folate content, size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, shape, surface roughness and folate population density. The cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest characteristics of oligochitosan-folate-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil nanoparticles, prepared with an optimal folate content that promoted cellular internalization, were evaluated against the oligochitosan-folate and oligochitosan-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil conjugate nanoparticles. The oligochitosan-folate conjugate nanoparticles were endocytosed by melanoma cells via caveolae- and lipid raft-mediated endocytic pathways following them binding to the cell surface folate receptor. Nanoparticles that were larger and with higher folic acid contents and zeta potentials exhibited a higher degree of cellular internalization. Excessive conjugation of nanoparticles with folate resulted in a high nanoparticulate density of folate which hindered nanoparticles-cell interaction via folate receptor binding and reduced cellular internalization of nanoparticles. Conjugating oligochitosan with 20 %w/w folate was favorable for cellular uptake as supported by in silico models. Conjugating of oligochitosan nanoparticles with carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil and 20 %w/w of folate promoted nanoparticles-folate receptor binding, cellular internalization and cancer cell death via cell cycle arrest at S phase at a lower drug dose than oligochitosan-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil conjugate nanoparticles and neat carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hadi Musalli
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Dey Talukdar
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Sino-Malaysia Molecular Oncology and and Traditional Chinese Medicine Delivery Joint Research Centre, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Amirani E, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Effects of chitosan and oligochitosans on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway in cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:456-467. [PMID: 32693135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway is one of the most important kinase signaling networks in the context of cancer development and treatment. Aberrant activation of AKT, the central mediator of this pathway, has been implicated in numerous malignancies including endometrial, hepatocellular, breast, colorectal, prostate, and, cervical cancer. Thus regulation and blockage of this kinase and its key target nodes is an attractive approach in cancer therapy and diverse efforts have been done to achieve this aim. Chitosan is a carbohydrate with multiple interesting applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. This bioactive polymer and its derivative oligomers commonly used in drug/DNA delivery methods due to their functional properties which improve efficiency of delivery systems. Further, these compounds exert anti-tumor roles through the stimulation of apoptosis, immune enhancing potency, anti-oxidative features and anti-angiogenic roles. Due to the importance of PI3K-AKT signaling in cancer targeting and treatment resistance, this review discusses the involvement of chitosan, oligochitosaccharides and carriers based on these chemicals in the regulation of this pathway in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rameshthangam P, Solairaj D, Arunachalam G, Ramasamy P. Chitin and Chitinases: Biomedical And Environmental Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2690-4829.jen-18-2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disposal of chitin wastes from crustacean shell can cause environmental and health hazards. Chitin is a well known abundant natural polymer extracted after deproteinization and demineralization of the shell wastes of shrimp, crab, lobster, and krill. Extraction of chitin and its derivatives from waste material is one of the alternative ways to turn the waste into useful products. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. The presence of surface charge and multiple functional groups make chitin as a beneficial natural polymer. Due to the reactive functional groups chitin can be used for the preparation of a spectrum of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, alkyl chitin, sulfated chitin, dibutyryl chitin and carboxymethyl chitin for specific applications in different areas. The present review is aimed to summarize the efficacy of the chitinases on the chitin and its derivatives and their diverse applications in biomedical and environmental field. Further this review also discusses the synthesis of various chitin derivatives in detail and brings out the importance of chitin and its derivatives in biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanasekaran Solairaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gnanapragasam Arunachalam
- College of Poultry Productions and Management, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Hosur - 635 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Ramasamy
- Director- Research, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER- Bharath University, Chennai-600041, Tamil Nadu, India
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Effect of electrical discharge plasma on cytotoxicity against cancer cells of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116162. [PMID: 32241415 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrical discharge plasma in a liquid phase can generate reactive species, e.g. hydroxyl radical, leading to rapid reactions including degradation of biopolymers. In this study, the effect of plasma treatment time on physical properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles (CMC-AuNPs) was investigated. AuNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction of HAuCl4 in 2 % CMC solution to obtain CMC-AuNPs, before being subjected to the plasma treatment. Results showed that the plasma treatment not only led to the reduction of hydrodynamic diameters of CMC-AuNPs from 400 nm to less than 100 nm by the plasma-induced degradation of CMC but also provided the narrow size distribution of AuNPs having diameters in the range of 2-50 nm, that were existing in CMC-AuNPs. In addition, the plasma-treated CMC-AuNPs could significantly reduce the percentage of cell viability of breast cancer cells by approximately 80 % compared to the original CMC and CMC-AuNPs.
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Matica MA, Aachmann FL, Tøndervik A, Sletta H, Ostafe V. Chitosan as a Wound Dressing Starting Material: Antimicrobial Properties and Mode of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5889. [PMID: 31771245 PMCID: PMC6928789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fighting bacterial resistance is one of the concerns in modern days, as antibiotics remain the main resource of bacterial control. Data shows that for every antibiotic developed, there is a microorganism that becomes resistant to it. Natural polymers, as the source of antibacterial agents, offer a new way to fight bacterial infection. The advantage over conventional synthetic antibiotics is that natural antimicrobial agents are biocompatible, non-toxic, and inexpensive. Chitosan is one of the natural polymers that represent a very promising source for the development of antimicrobial agents. In addition, chitosan is biodegradable, non-toxic, and most importantly, promotes wound healing, features that makes it suitable as a starting material for wound dressings. This paper reviews the antimicrobial properties of chitosan and describes the mechanisms of action toward microbial cells as well as the interactions with mammalian cells in terms of wound healing process. Finally, the applications of chitosan as a wound-dressing material are discussed along with the current status of chitosan-based wound dressings existing on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Adina Matica
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology—Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4, 300086 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Finn Lillelund Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Anne Tøndervik
- SINTEF Industry, Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Richard Birkelands veg 3 B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (A.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Håvard Sletta
- SINTEF Industry, Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Richard Birkelands veg 3 B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (A.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology—Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4, 300086 Timisoara, Romania;
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Rizeq BR, Younes NN, Rasool K, Nasrallah GK. Synthesis, Bioapplications, and Toxicity Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5776. [PMID: 31744157 PMCID: PMC6888098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced nanomaterials and technologies is essential in biomedical engineering to improve the quality of life. Chitosan-based nanomaterials are on the forefront and attract wide interest due to their versatile physicochemical characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, which play a promising role in biological applications. Chitosan and its derivatives are employed in several applications including pharmaceuticals and biomedical engineering. This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in chitosan derivatives and nanoparticle synthesis, as well as emerging applications in medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene therapy, and cancer therapy. In addition to the applications, we critically review the main concerns and mitigation strategies related to chitosan bactericidal properties, toxicity/safety using tissue cultures and animal models, and also their potential environmental impact. At the end of this review, we also provide some of future directions and conclusions that are important for expanding the field of biomedical applications of the chitosan nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam R. Rizeq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadin N. Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar;
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Gibot L, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Bellard E, Chretiennot T, Saurin Q, Catrain A, Golzio M, Vézinet R, Rols MP. Evaluations of Acute and Sub-Acute Biological Effects of Narrowband and Moderate-Band High Power Electromagnetic Waves on Cellular Spheroids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15324. [PMID: 31653929 PMCID: PMC6814744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High power electromagnetic signals can disrupt the functioning of electronic devices. As electromagnetism plays a role in cells homeostasis, such electromagnetic signals could potentially also alter some physiological processes. Herein we report on distinct biological parameters assessment after cellular spheroids exposure to high power electromagnetic signals, such as the ones used for defense applications. Signals effects were assessed in tumor cells spheroids and in normal human dermal fibroblasts spheroids, where macroscopic aspect, growth, plasma membrane integrity, induction of apoptosis, ATP content, and mitochondrial potential were investigated after spheroids exposure to high power electromagnetic signals. No significant effects were observed, indicating that 1.5 GHz narrowband electromagnetic fields with incident amplitude level of 40 kV/m, and 150 MHz moderate-band electric fields with an amplitude of 72.5 to approximately 200 kV/m, do not cause any significant alterations of assessed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gibot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Proboningrat A, Fadholly A, Iskandar RPD, Achmad AB, Rantam FA, Sudjarwo SA. The potency of chitosan-based Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles as anti-cancer on HeLa cell lines. Vet World 2019; 12:1616-1623. [PMID: 31849424 PMCID: PMC6868265 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1616-1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, with more than 85% of events and deaths occurring in developing countries. The main problems of chemotherapy are the lack of selectivity and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of chitosan-based Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles (Nano-PMBE) as an anticancer on HeLa cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano-PMBE was prepared based on the ionic gelation method. Its anticancer activities in HeLa cells were investigated through cytotoxicity test, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 was also observed. RESULTS The results showed that Nano-PMBE has a size of 394.3 nm. Meanwhile, the Nano-PMBE was cytotoxic to HeLa cells (IC50 of 384.10 µg/ml), caused G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HeLa cells. Besides, the expression of p53 and caspase-9 has increased. CONCLUSION The results showed a notable anticancer effect of Nano-PMBE by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells, suggesting that it might have therapeutic potential for cervical cancer. Further research is needed to find out more about the anticancer mechanism of Nano-PMBE in HeLa cells to in vivo and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annise Proboningrat
- Doctoral Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Amaq Fadholly
- Doctoral Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Agung Budianto Achmad
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Kefayat A, Vaezifar S. Biodegradable PLGA implants containing doxorubicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for treatment of breast tumor-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hassani A, Hussain SA, Abdullah N, Kamaruddin S, Rosli R. Characterization of Magnesium Orotate‐Loaded Chitosan Polymer Nanoparticles for a Drug Delivery System. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Hassani
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Center of Biomedical Imaging and Sensors Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Center of Biomedical Imaging and Sensors Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Abdullah
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Suryani Kamaruddin
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaInstitute of Bioscience, UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory Seri kembangan 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
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Muratori L, Fregnan F, Ronchi G, Haastert-Talini K, Metzen J, Bertolo R, Porpiglia F, Geuna S. New basic insights on the potential of a chitosan-based medical device for improving functional recovery after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2019; 124:1063-1076. [PMID: 31134718 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate: (i) the neuro-regenerative potential of chitosan membrane (CS-Me) on acutely axotomised autonomic neurones in vitro; (ii) to exclude the possibility that a pro-regenerative biomaterial could interfere with the proliferation activity of prostate cancer cell lines; (iii) to provide an in vivo proof of the biocompatibility and regeneration promoting effect of CS-Me in a standardised rat model of peripheral nerve injury and repair; (iv) finally, to evaluate the tissue reaction induced by the degrading material; as previous studies have shown promising effects of CS-Me for protection of the neurovascular bundles for potency recovery in patients that undergo nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Addressing aim (i), the neuro-regenerative potential, organotypic cultures derived from primary sympathetic ganglia were cultured on CS-Me over 3 days and neurite extension and axonal sprouting were evaluated. Addressing aim (ii), effects of CS on cancer cells, different human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU-145, LN-Cap) were seeded on CS-coated plates or cultured in the presence of CS-Me dissolution products. Addressing aims (iii) and (iv), functional recovery of peripheral nerve fibres and tissue reaction with the biomaterial, CS-Me and CS nerve guides were used to repair a median nerve injury in the rat. Functional recovery was evaluated during the post-recovery time by the behavioural grasping test. RESULTS CS-Me significantly stimulated axon elongation from autonomic ganglia in comparison to control conditions in organotypic three-dimensional cultures. CS coating, as well as the dissolution products of CS-Me, led to a significantly lower proliferation rate of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Tissue reaction towards CS-Me and standard CS nerve guides was similar in the rat median nerve model, as was the outcome of nerve fibre regeneration and functional recovery. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide the first experimental evidence in support of the clinical safety of CS-Me and of their postulated effectiveness for improving functional recovery after RP. The presented results are coherent in demonstrating that acutely axotomised autonomic neurones show increased neurite outgrowth on CS-Me substrate, whilst the same substrate reduces prostate cancer cell line proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, CS-Me do not demonstrate any disadvantage for peripheral nerve repair in a standard animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Metzen
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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36
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Injectable Chitosan Scaffolds with Calcium β-Glycerophosphate as the Only Neutralizing Agent. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented work describes the method of preparation of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels using calcium β-glycerophosphate salt as the only pH neutralizing agent and supporting the crosslinking process. The presence of calcium ions instead of sodium ions is particularly important in the case of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Rheological and physicochemical properties of low concentrated chitosan solutions with the addition of calcium β-glycerophosphate were investigated using rotational rheometry techniques, Zeta potential (by electrophoresis), XPS, and SEM analysis together with an EDS detector. It was found to be possible to prepare colloidal solutions of chitosan containing only calcium β-glycerophosphate (without sodium ions) undergoing a sol-gel phase transition at the physiological temperature of the human body. It has also been shown that it is possible to further enrich the obtained cellular scaffolds with calcium ions. Using the addition of calcium carbonate, hydrogels with a physiological ratio of calcium to phosphorus (1.6–1.8):1 were obtained.
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Combinatorial Use of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Reversine, and Ionising Radiation on Breast Cancer Cells Associated with Mitosis Deregulation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050186. [PMID: 31083605 PMCID: PMC6571805 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide and the second most common cancer overall. The development of new therapies to treat this devastating malignancy is needed urgently. Nanoparticles are one class of nanomaterial with multiple applications in medicine, ranging from their use as drug delivery systems and the promotion of changes in cell morphology to the control of gene transcription. Nanoparticles made of the natural polymer chitosan are easy to produce, have a very low immunogenic profile, and diffuse easily into cells. One hallmark feature of cancer, including breast tumours, is the genome instability caused by defects in the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC), the molecular signalling mechanism that ensures the timely and high-fidelity transmission of the genetic material to an offspring. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles to treat cancer cells has gained momentum. This is in part because nanoparticles made of different materials can sensitise cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These advances prompted us to study the potential sensitising effect of chitosan-based nanoparticles on breast cancer cells treated with reversine, which is a small molecule inhibitor of Mps1 and Aurora B that induces premature exit from mitosis, aneuploidy, and cell death, before and after exposure of the cancer cells to X-ray irradiation. Our measurements of metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability, DNA damage by alkaline comet assay, and immunofluorescence using anti-P-H3 as a mitotic biomarker indicate that chitosan nanoparticles elicit cellular responses that affect mitosis and cell viability and can sensitise breast cancer cells to X-ray radiation (2Gy). We also show that such a sensitisation effect is not caused by direct damage to the DNA by the nanoparticles. Taken together, our data indicates that chitosan nanoparticles have potential application for the treatment of breast cancer as adjunct to radiotherapy.
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Paul P, Kolesinska B, Sujka W. Chitosan and Its Derivatives - Biomaterials with Diverse Biological Activity for Manifold Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:737-750. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190112142735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Derived from chitin, chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide being the second
most abundant polymer next to cellulose. The main obstacle in the wide use of chitosan is its almost
complete lack of solubility in water and alkaline solutions. To break this obstacle, the structure of
chitosan is subjected to modification, improving its physic-chemical properties and facilitating application
as components of composites or hydrogels. Derivatives of chitosan are biomaterials useful for different
purposes because of their lack of toxicity, low allergenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability.
This review presents the methods of chemical modifications of chitosan which allow to obtain tailor-
made properties required for a variety of biomedical applications. Selected pharmaceutical and
biomedical applications of chitosan derivatives are also highlighted. Possibility to manage waste from
arthropod and crab processing is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Paul
- Tricomed SA, ul. Swietojanska 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Sujka
- Tricomed SA, ul. Swietojanska 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland
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Hadizadeh M, Toraji A. Amoxicillin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles of Less than 100 nm: Design, Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Mojumdar A, Upadhyay AK, Raina V, Ray L. A simple and rapid colorimetric method for the estimation of chitosan produced by microbial degradation of chitin waste. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 158:66-70. [PMID: 30726705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers present in the environment. Chitosan being its major derivative can be obtained by hydrolysis of chitin, especially by microbial degradation. Estimation of resulting chitosan produced by chitin degradation is crucial to the process. Usefulness of the method of Badawy (Badawy, 2012) for estimation of chitosan is limited by interference resulting from susceptibility to variation in the pH of the sample and thiobarbituric acid. This work presents an improvement of the method proposed by Badawy for colorimetric determination of chitosan by using 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) reagent instead of thiobarbituric acid, after one step depolymerization and deamination of chitosan with sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Eventually colorimetric estimation was carried out at 540 nm. With the use of DNSA reagent, the limitation of thiobarbituric acid are overcome. This method is easy, cost effective, and sensitive for quantitative determination of chitosan. This new improved method was applied for evaluation and quantification of chitosan produced by microbial degradation of chitin waste by different novel Streptomyces strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Mojumdar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Vishakha Raina
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Lopamudra Ray
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India; School of Law, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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41
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Antibacterial activity and mechanism of a laccase-catalyzed chitosan–gallic acid derivative against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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42
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Chitosan-Carboxymethyl-5-Fluorouracil-Folate Conjugate Particles: Microwave Modulated Uptake by Skin and Melanoma Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2412-2422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Chokradjaroen C, Theeramunkong S, Yui H, Saito N, Rujiravanit R. Cytotoxicity against cancer cells of chitosan oligosaccharides prepared from chitosan powder degraded by electrical discharge plasma. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:20-30. [PMID: 30241811 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides, which obtain from degradation of chitosan, possess some interesting molecular weight-dependent biological properties, especially anticancer activity. Therefore, the conversion of chitosan to chitosan oligosaccharides with specific molecular weight has been continuously investigated in order to find effective strategies that can achieve both economic feasibility and environmental concerns. In this study, a novel process was developed to heterogeneously degrade chitosan powder by highly active species generated by electrical discharge plasma in a dilute salt solution (0.02 M) without the addition of other chemicals. The degradation rate obtained from the proposed process was comparable to that obtained from some other methods with the addition of acids and oxidizing agents. Separation of the water-soluble degraded products containing chitosan oligosaccharides from the reaction solution was simply done by filtration. The obtained chitosan oligosaccharides were further evaluated for an influence of their molecular weights on cytotoxicity against cancer cells and the selectivity toward cancer and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroharu Yui
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; Water Frontier Science & Technology Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Saito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ratana Rujiravanit
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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44
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Geuna S, Muratori L, Fregnan F, Manfredi M, Bertolo R, Porpiglia F. Strategies to improve nerve regeneration after radical prostatectomy: a narrative review. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:546-558. [PMID: 30037210 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are complex organs that spread throughout the entire human body. They are frequently affected by lesions not only as a result of trauma but also following radical tumor resection. In fact, despite the advancement in surgical techniques, such as nerve-sparing robot assisted radical prostatectomy, some degree of nerve injury may occur resulting in erectile dysfunction with significant impairment of the quality of life. The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the mechanisms of the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves and to describe the potential strategies to improve the regeneration process and the functional recovery. Yet, the recent advances in bio-engineering strategies to promote nerve regeneration in the urological field are outlined with a view on the possible future regenerative therapies which might ameliorate the functional outcome after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy - .,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy -
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zou P, Yuan S, Yang X, Zhai X, Wang J. Chitosan oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 2–6 induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mancic L, Djukic-Vukovic A, Dinic I, Nikolic MG, Rabasovic MD, Krmpot AJ, Costa AMLM, Marinkovic BA, Mojovic L, Milosevic O. One-step synthesis of amino-functionalized up-converting NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles for in vitro cell imaging. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27429-27437. [PMID: 35540002 PMCID: PMC9083799 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04178d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a wide range of biotechnology applications, from biomarkers and deep tissue imaging, to single molecule tracking and drug delivery. Their successful conjugation to biocompatible agents is crucial for specific molecules recognition and usually requires multiple steps which may lead to low reproducibility. Here, we report a simple and rapid one-step procedure for in situ synthesis of biocompatible amino-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs that could be used for NIR-driven fluorescence cell labeling. X-ray diffraction showed that UCNPs synthesized through chitosan-assisted solvothermal processing are monophasic and crystallize in a cubic α phase. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the obtained crystals are spherical in shape with a mean diameter of 120 nm. Photoluminescence spectra indicated weaker green (2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) and stronger red emission (4F9/2 → 4I15/2), as a result of enhanced non-radiative 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 Er3+ relaxation. The presence of chitosan groups at the surface of UCNPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This provides their enhanced internalization in cells, at low concentration of 10 μg ml−1, without suppression of cell viability after 24 h of exposure. Furthermore, upon 980 nm laser irradiation, the amino-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs were successfully used in vitro for labeling of two human cell types, normal gingival and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The emerging up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a wide range of biotechnology applications, from biomarkers and deep tissue imaging, to single molecule tracking and drug delivery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Mancic
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Djukic-Vukovic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- University of Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Ivana Dinic
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marko G. Nikolic
- Photonic Center
- Institute of Physics Belgrade
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Mihailo D. Rabasovic
- Photonic Center
- Institute of Physics Belgrade
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J. Krmpot
- Photonic Center
- Institute of Physics Belgrade
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Antonio M. L. M. Costa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Bojan A. Marinkovic
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Ljiljana Mojovic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- University of Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Olivera Milosevic
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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47
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Abu-Serie MM, El-Fakharany EM. Efficiency of novel nanocombinations of bovine milk proteins (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) for combating different human cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16769. [PMID: 29196676 PMCID: PMC5711920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoperoxidase (LPO) and lactoferrin (LF) are suitable proteins to be loaded or adsorbed to chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) for preparing stable nanoformulations with potent anticancer activity. In the present study, nanocombinations of LPO and LF revealed improvement in their stability and activity compared to single (free or nanoformulated) bovine proteins. The coating or loading of LPO-loaded NPs with LF resulted in the highest synergistic cytotoxicity effect against Caco-2, HepG-2, MCF-7 and PC-3 cells in comparison with other NPs and free proteins without causing toxicity toward normal cells. This synergistic improvement in the anticancer activity was apoptosis-dependent that was confirmed by severe alterations in cellular morphology, high percentage of annexin-stained cells and sub-G1 populations as well as nuclear staining with orange fluorescence of treated cancer cells. Additionally, significant alterations in the expression of well characterized cellular proliferation and apoptosis guards (NF-κB, Bcl-2 and p53) in these NPs-treated cancer cells compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated cells. Our findings provide for the first time that these new synergistic nanoformulated forms of LPO and LF were superior in their selective apoptosis-mediating anticancer effect than free form of these proteins and 5-FU. LF coating or loading of LPO-loaded NPs present as promising therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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48
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Duan D, Wang H, Zhou R, Jiang Q, Xiao R. The PR-1 domain accounts for the anti-angiogenic activity of a cysteine-rich secretory protein member from the buccal glands of Lampetra japonica. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:2102-2112. [PMID: 29042283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that cysteine-rich buccal gland protein (CRBGP) from buccal glands of Lampetra japonica could suppress angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane models. As CRBGP is composed of a pathogenesis-related group 1 (PR-1) domain and a cysteine-rich domain (CRD), which domain accounts for the effects of CRBGP on anti-angiogenesis? In the present study, recombinant PR-1 and CRD (rL-PR-1 and rL-CRD) were obtained. MTT assays showed rL-PR-1 inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs significantly in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2μM, while rL-CRD had no obviously inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HUVECs, suggested that PR-1 is the main function domain on the anti-angiogenic activity of CRBGP. Similar to CRBGP, rL-PR-1 induced apoptosis in HUVECs in a mitochondrial-dependent pathway by affecting the level of BAX, BCL2 and caspase 3. Also, the cytotoxic property of rL-PR-1 might be one of the factors which suppressed the proliferation of HUVECs. Furthermore, rL-PR-1 blocked the adhesion, migration, invasion and tube formation of HUVECs by disturbing the cytoskeleton arrangement and down-regulating the level of matrix metallo-peptidase 2. In summary, rL-PR-1 has the anti-angiogenic activity which would provide the information on the functions and mechanisms of cysteine-rich secretory protein family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China.
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Surface biofunctionalization of three-dimensional porous poly(lactic acid) scaffold using chitosan/OGP coating for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Anticancer activity of silver and copper embedded chitin nanocomposites against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:608-619. [PMID: 28716752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a natural biopolymer widely used in biomedical and environmental applications due to its distinctive physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Although the anticancer property of chitin nanoforms and chitin derivatives against various cancers were studied earlier, there is no report in the chitin nanostructure incorporated metal nanocomposite. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of chitin incorporated silver and copper nanocomposite against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Cytotoxicity of chitin nanoparticles (CNP), silver nanoparticles (AgNP), copper nanoparticles (CuNP), chitin/silver nanocomposite (CNP/AgNP) and chitin/copper nanocomposite (CNP/CuNP) was evaluated. Among all the above, CNP/AgNP has shown a lower of 31 mg as inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Our study further showed the increased generation of reactive oxygen species with decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and damage in the membrane integrity, thus confirms the cellular cytotoxic action of CNP/AgNP. In conclusion, the present study validates that, incorporating chitin nanoparticles with metallic nanostructure could be an effective and promising therapeutic agent against breast cancer.
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