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Liu Y, Xia X, Li X, Wang F, Huang Y, Zhu B, Feng X, Wang Y. Design and characterization of edible chitooligosaccharide/fish skin gelatin nanofiber-based hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130033. [PMID: 38342261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Antibacterial and active packaging materials have gained significant research attention in response to the growing interest in food packaging. In this investigation, we developed hydrogel packaging materials with antibacterial and antioxidant properties by incorporating chitooligosaccharide (COS) and fish skin gelatin (FSG) nanofiber membranes, which readily absorbed water and exhibited swelling characteristics. The nanofiber membranes were fabricated by electrospinning technology, embedding COS within FSG, and subsequently crosslinked through the Maillard reaction facilitated by the addition of glucose. The behavior of conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension in the spinning solutions was analyzed to understand their variation patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the crosslinked COS/FSG nanofiber membranes possessed a uniform yet disordered fiber structure, with the diameter of the nanofibers increasing as the COS content increased. Remarkably, when the COS content reached 25 %, the COS/FSG nanofiber membranes (CF-C-25) exhibited a suitable fiber diameter of 437.16 ± 63.20 nm. Furthermore, the thermal crosslinking process involving glucose supplementation enhanced the hydrophobicity of CF-C-25. Upon hydration, the CF-H-25 hydrogel displayed a distinctive porous structure, exhibiting a remarkable swelling rate of 954 %. Notably, the inclusion of COS significantly augmented the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the hydrogel-based nanofiber membranes. CF-H-25 demonstrated an impressive growth inhibition of 90.56 ± 5.91 % against E. coli, coupled with excellent antioxidant capabilities. In continuation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the total colony count, pH, TVB-N, and TBA of crucian carp. The CF-H-25 hydrogel proved highly effective in extending the shelf life of crucian carp by 2-4 days, suggesting its potential application as an edible membrane for aquatic product packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Liu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Xiyue Li
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Fuming Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Yaping Huang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Botian Zhu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Xuyang Feng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034 China.
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2
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Khan RS, Rather AH, Wani TU, Rather SU, Amna T, Hassan MS, Sheikh FA. Recent trends using natural polymeric nanofibers as supports for enzyme immobilization and catalysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:22-40. [PMID: 36169115 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All the disciplines of science, especially biotechnology, have given continuous attention to the area of enzyme immobilization. However, the structural support made by material science intervention determines the performance of immobilized enzymes. Studies have proven that nanostructured supports can maintain better catalytic performance and improve immobilization efficiency. The recent trends in the application of nanofibers using natural polymers for enzyme immobilization have been addressed in this review article. A comprehensive survey about the immobilization strategies and their characteristics are highlighted. The natural polymers, e.g., chitin, chitosan, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, and their blends with other synthetic polymers capable of immobilizing enzymes in their 1D nanofibrous form, are discussed. The multiple applications of enzymes immobilized on nanofibers in biocatalysis, biosensors, biofuels, antifouling, regenerative medicine, biomolecule degradation, etc.; some of these are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumysa S Khan
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum H Rather
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Taha U Wani
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sami-Ullah Rather
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Touseef Amna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shamshi Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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3
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Duan X, Chen HL, Guo C. Polymeric Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications: A Recent Review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:78. [PMID: 36462118 PMCID: PMC9719450 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of biomaterials and biotechnologies, various functional materials-based drug delivery systems (DDS) are developed to overcome the limitations of traditional drug release formulations, such as uncontrollable drug concentration in target organs/tissues and unavoidable adverse reactions. Polymer nanofibers exhibit promising characteristics including easy preparation, adjustable features of wettability and elasticity, tailored surface and interface properties, and surface-to-volume ratio, and are used to develop new DDS. Different kinds of drugs can be incorporated into the polymer nanofibers. Additionally, their release kinetics can be modulated via the preparation components, component proportions, and preparation processes, enabling their applications in several fields. A timely and comprehensive summary of polymeric nanofibers for DDS is thus highly needed. This review first describes the common methods for polymer nanofiber fabrication, followed by introducing controlled techniques for drug loading into and release from polymer nanofibers. Thus, the applications of polymer nanofibers in drug delivery were summarized, particularly focusing on the relation between the physiochemical properties of polymeric nanofibers and their DDS performance. It is ended by listing future perspectives. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Hai-Lan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Chunxian Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Bio-Based Electrospun Fibers from Chitosan Schiff Base and Polylactide and Their Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ Complexes: Preparation and Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225002. [PMID: 36433129 PMCID: PMC9696307 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schiff base derivative (Ch-8Q) of chitosan (Ch) and 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (8QCHO) was prepared and fibrous mats were obtained by the electrospinning of Ch-8Q/polylactide (PLA) blend solutions in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Complexes of the mats were prepared by immersing them in a solution of CuCl2 or FeCl3. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis was performed to examine the complexation of Cu2+(Fe3+) in the Ch-8Q/PLA mats complexes. The morphology of the novel materials and their surface chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performed microbiological screening demonstrated that in contrast to the neat PLA mats, the Ch-8Q-containing mats and their complexes were able to kill all S. aureus bacteria within 3 h of contact. These fibrous materials had efficiency in suppressing the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria S. aureus. In addition, Ch-8Q/PLA mats and their complexes exerted good anticancer efficacy in vitro against human cervical HeLa cells and human breast MCF-7 cells. The Ch-8Q-containing fibrous materials had no cytotoxicity against non-cancer BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. These properties render the prepared materials promising as wound dressings as well as for application in local cancer treatment.
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Yadav N, Mudgal D, Anand R, Jindal S, Mishra V. Recent development in nanoencapsulation and delivery of natural bioactives through chitosan scaffolds for various biological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:537-572. [PMID: 35987359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nano/micro-encapsulation as a pioneering technique may significantly improve the bioavailability and durability of Natural bioactives. For this purpose, chitosan as a bioactive cationic natural polysaccharide has been frequently used as a carrier because of its distinct chemical and biological properties, including polycationic nature, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Moreover, polysaccharide-based nano/micro-formulations are a new and extensive trend in scientific research and development in the disciplines of biomedicine, bioorganic/ medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, agrochemistry, and the food industry. It promises a new paradigm in drug delivery systems and nanocarrier formulations. This review aims to summarize current developments in approaches for designing innovative chitosan micro/nano-matrix, with an emphasis on the encapsulation of natural bioactives. The special emphasis led to a detailed integrative scientific achievement of the functionalities and abilities for encapsulating natural bioactives and mechanisms regulated in vitro/in vivo release in various biological/physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, UP-201313, India
| | - Deeksha Mudgal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, UP-201313, India
| | - Ritesh Anand
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, UP-201313, India
| | - Simran Jindal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, UP-201313, India
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, UP-201313, India.
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6
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Zhang H, Feng M, Fang Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Xu J. Recent advancements in encapsulation of chitosan-based enzymes and their applications in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11044-11062. [PMID: 35694766 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are readily inactivated in harsh micro-environment due to changes in pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Developing suitable and feasible techniques for stabilizing enzymes in food sector is critical for preventing them from degradation. This review provides an overview on chitosan (CS)-based enzymes encapsulation techniques, enzyme release mechanisms, and their applications in food industry. The challenges and future prospects of CS-based enzymes encapsulation were also discussed. CS-based encapsulation techniques including ionotropic gelation, emulsification, spray drying, layer-by-layer self-assembly, hydrogels, and films have been studied to improve the encapsulation efficacy (EE), heat, acid and base stability of enzymes for their applications in food, agricultural, and medical industries. The smart delivery design, new delivery system development, and in vivo releasing mechanisms of enzymes using CS-based encapsulation techniques have also been evaluated in laboratory level studies. The CS-based encapsulation techniques in commercial products should be further improved for broadening their application fields. In conclusion, CS-based encapsulation techniques may provide a promising approach to improve EE and bioavailability of enzymes applied in food industry.HighlightsEnzymes play a critical role in food industries but susceptible to inactivation.Chitosan-based materials could be used to maintain the enzyme activity.Releasing mechanisms of enzymes from encapsulators were outlined.Applications of encapsulated enzymes in food fields was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Bio-tech Key Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Bio-tech Key Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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7
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Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are outstanding (bio)catalysts, not solely on account of their ability to increase reaction rates by up to several orders of magnitude but also for the high degree of substrate specificity, regiospecificity and stereospecificity. The use and development of enzymes as robust biocatalysts is one of the main challenges in biotechnology. However, despite the high specificities and turnover of enzymes, there are also drawbacks. At the industrial level, these drawbacks are typically overcome by resorting to immobilized enzymes to enhance stability. Immobilization of biocatalysts allows their reuse, increases stability, facilitates process control, eases product recovery, and enhances product yield and quality. This is especially important for expensive enzymes, for those obtained in low fermentation yield and with relatively low activity. This review provides an integrated perspective on (multi)enzyme immobilization that abridges a critical evaluation of immobilization methods and carriers, biocatalyst metrics, impact of key carrier features on biocatalyst performance, trends towards miniaturization and detailed illustrative examples that are representative of biocatalytic applications promoting sustainability.
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8
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Deng Q, Wang F, Gough CR, Hu X. Tunable microphase-regulated silk fibroin/poly (lactic acid) biocomposite materials generated from ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 197:55-67. [PMID: 34952094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most effective and promising strategies to develop novel biomaterials with unique, tunable structure and physicochemical properties is by creating composite materials that combine synthetic polymers with natural proteins using ionic liquids. In this study, biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was blended with silk fibroin (SF) to create biocompatible films using an ionic liquid-based binary solvent system (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/N,N-dimethylformamide), which can maintain the molecular weights of the proteins/polymers and encourage intermolecular interactions between the molecules. The effects of varying the ratio of PLA to SF were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle testing, and cytotoxicity analysis as well as enzymatic degradation. Results showed that the composite films were homogeneously blended on the macroscopic scale and exhibited typical fully miscible polymer blend characteristics. By increasing the SF content in the composites, the amounts of β-sheets in the films were significantly increased, allowing for SF to act as a physical crosslinker to maintain the stability of the protein-polymer network. Additionally, SF significantly improved the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the material and promoted the self-assembly of micelle structures in the biocomposites. Different topologies in the films also provided beneficial surface morphology for cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. Overall, this study demonstrated an effective fabrication method for a fine-tuned polymer blends combining synthetic polymer and protein for a wide variety of biomedical and green material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Deng
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Christopher R Gough
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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9
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Ulker Turan C, Guvenilir Y. Electrospun poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone)/gelatin/chitosan ternary nanofibers with antibacterial activity for treatment of skin infections. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 170:106113. [PMID: 34986416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there is an increasing attention on biocompatible electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery applications since they provide high surface area, controlled and sustained drug release, and they mimic the extracellular matrix. In the present study, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotic loaded poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone)/gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous membranes were fabricated as a controlled drug delivery system. Poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer has been enzymatically synthesized in previous studies, thus it provides an originality to the membrane. Combination of a synthetic polymer, a protein, and a polysaccharide in order to obtain a synergetic effect is another novelty of this work and there exists limited examples for such electrospun membrane. Varied amounts of TCH was electrospun together with poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone)/gelatin/chitosan (50/40/10 vol ratio) polymer blend (fiber diameters ranged between 85.7-225.2 nm) and several characterizations (morphological and molecular structure, wettability characteristics, and thermal behavior) were applied to examine the drug incorporation. Subsequently, in vitro drug release studies were conducted and mathematical modeling was applied for the detection of transport mechanism of drug. TCH release proceeded 14 days through an initial burst release in first hour and followed by a sustained release. 1% TCH-loaded sample was shown as optimal preparation with 96.5% total drug release and 11.8% initial burst release. TCH-loaded preparations demonstrated a good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria and a limited effect (no inhibition zone observed below 3% TCH concentration) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterium. Thus, TCH concentrations of ≥ 3% could be preferred to obtain a wide-spectrum effectiveness. The presented drug delivery system is suggested to be applied for treatment of skin infections as a wound dressing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ulker Turan
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yuksel Guvenilir
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Rather AH, Khan RS, Wani TU, Beigh MA, Sheikh FA. Overview on immobilization of enzymes on synthetic polymeric nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:9-33. [PMID: 34672360 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement and type of support has a significant impact on the efficiency of immobilized enzymes. 1-dimensional fibrous materials can be one of the most desirable supports for enzyme immobilization. This is due to their high surface area to volume ratio, internal porosity, ease of handling, and high mechanical stability, all of which allow a higher enzyme loading, release and finally lead to better catalytic efficiency. Fortunately, the enzymes can reside inside individual nanofibers to remain encapsulated and retain their three-dimensional structure. These properties can protect the enzyme's tolerance against harsh conditions such as pH variations and high temperature, and this can probably enhance the enzyme's stability. This review article will discuss the immobilization of enzymes on synthetic polymers, which are fabricated into nanofibers by electrospinning. This technique is rapidly gaining popularity as one of the most practical ways to fibricate polymer, metal oxide, and composite micro or nanofibers. As a result, there is interest in using nanofibers to immobilize enzymes. Furthermore, present research on electrospun nanofibers for enzyme immobilization is primarily limited to the lab scale and industrial scale is still challanging. The primary future research objectives of this paper is to investigate the use of electrospun nanofibers for enzyme immobilization, which includes increasing yield to transfer biological products into commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Hamid Rather
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rumysa Saleem Khan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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11
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Abstract
Enzymes are the highly efficient biocatalyst in modern biotechnological industries. Due to the fragile property exposed to the external stimulus, the application of enzymes is highly limited. The immobilized enzyme by polymer has become a research hotspot to empower enzymes with more extraordinary properties and broader usage. Compared with free enzyme, polymer immobilized enzymes improve thermal and operational stability in harsh environments, such as extreme pH, temperature and concentration. Furthermore, good reusability is also highly expected. The first part of this study reviews the three primary immobilization methods: physical adsorption, covalent binding and entrapment, with their advantages and drawbacks. The second part of this paper includes some polymer applications and their derivatives in the immobilization of enzymes.
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12
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Dehghani S, Rezaei K, Hamishehkar H, Oromiehie A. The effect of electrospun polylactic acid/chitosan nanofibers on the low density polyethylene/ploy lactic acid film as bilayer antibacterial active packaging films. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dehghani
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Karamatollah Rezaei
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
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13
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Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:170-195. [PMID: 33667561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations.
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14
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Scheibel JM, Menezes FC, Reginatto CL, Silva C, Moura DJ, Rodembusch F, Bussamara R, Weibel DE, Soares RMD. Antibiotic‐loaded wound dressings obtained from the
PBAT
‐gentamicin combination. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jóice Maria Scheibel
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory (Poli‐BIO) Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Felipe Castro Menezes
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory (Poli‐BIO) Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Camila Leites Reginatto
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory (Poli‐BIO) Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Su Brazil
| | - Dinara Jaqueline Moura
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Bussamara
- Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Su Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Michele Duarte Soares
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory (Poli‐BIO) Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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15
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Işık C, Doğaç Yİ, Deveci İ, Teke M. Zn
2+
‐Doped PVA Composite Electrospun Nanofiber for Upgrading of Enzymatic Properties of Acetylcholinesterase**. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Işık
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla 48000 Turkey
| | - Yasemin İspirli Doğaç
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Department Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla 48000 Turkey
| | - İlyas Deveci
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Department Technical Sciences Vocational School Konya Technical University Konya 42100 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Teke
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla 48000 Turkey
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16
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Preparation and antibacterial properties of ε-polylysine-containing gelatin/chitosan nanofiber films. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3376-3387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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18
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Fast dissolving oral films for drug delivery prepared from chitosan/pullulan electrospinning nanofibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:224-231. [PMID: 31260763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Chitosan/pullulan composite nanofiber fast dissolving oral films (FDOFs) were prepared via electrospinning technology. The ratio of chitosan/pullulan (C/P) had an influence on solution property and nanofiber morphology, with the increase of chitosan, viscosity and conductivity of solutions increased, the morphology obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the diameter of nanofibers decreased initially then increased. The Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated hydrogen bond interactions between chitosan and pullulan molecules. X-ray diffraction analysis proved that electrospinning process decreased the crystallinity of materials. Thermal analysis showed that melting point, degradation temperature and glass transition temperature increased with the addition of chitosan content in the FDOF. Water solubility test proved that the FDOF can dissolve in water completely within 60 s. Finally, in order to prove its practicability in future, a model drug of aspirin was encapsulated in the FDOF successfully.
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Soares RM, Siqueira NM, Prabhakaram MP, Ramakrishna S. Electrospinning and electrospray of bio-based and natural polymers for biomaterials development. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:969-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Melo ADQ, Silva FFM, Dos Santos JCS, Fernández-Lafuente R, Lemos TLG, Dias Filho FA. Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate Catalyzed by Lipase Immobilized in Nontoxic Chitosan-Polyphosphate Beads. Molecules 2017; 22:E2165. [PMID: 29215558 PMCID: PMC6149806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes serve as biocatalysts for innumerable important reactions, however, their application has limitations, which can in many cases be overcome by using appropriate immobilization strategies. Here, a new support for immobilizing enzymes is proposed. This hybrid organic-inorganic support is composed of chitosan-a natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and edible biopolymer-and sodium polyphosphate as the inorganic component. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was immobilized on microspheres by encapsulation using these polymers. The characterization of the composites (by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and confocal Raman microscopy) confirmed the hybrid nature of the support, whose external part consisted of polyphosphate and core was composed of chitosan. The immobilized enzyme had the following advantages: possibility of enzyme reuse, easy biocatalyst recovery, increased resistance to variations in temperature (activity declined from 60 °C and the enzyme was inactivated at 80 °C), and increased catalytic activity in the transesterification reactions. The encapsulated enzymes were utilized as biocatalysts for transesterification reactions to produce the compound responsible for the aroma of jasmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Q Melo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Rod. Pres. Juscelino Kubitschek, Boa Viagem CEP 63870-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco F M Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, RN 233, Km-02, Nº 999, Bairro Chapada do Apodi, Apodi CEP 59700-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção CEP 62785-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Telma L G Lemos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco A Dias Filho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil.
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Wen P, Zong MH, Linhardt RJ, Feng K, Wu H. Electrospinning: A novel nano-encapsulation approach for bioactive compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Wen P, Wen Y, Zong MH, Linhardt RJ, Wu H. Encapsulation of Bioactive Compound in Electrospun Fibers and Its Potential Application. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9161-9179. [PMID: 28949530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a simple and versatile encapsulation technology. Since electrospinning does not involve severe conditions of temperature or pressure or the use of harsh chemicals, it has great potential for effectively entrapping and delivering bioactive compounds. Recently, electrospinning has been used in the food industry to encapsulate bioactive compounds into different biopolymers (carbohydrates and proteins), protecting them from adverse environmental conditions, maintaining the health-promoting properties, and achieving their controlled release. Electrospinning opens a new horizon in food technology with possible commercialization in the near future. This review summarizes the principles and the types of electrospinning processes. The electrospinning of biopolymers and their application in encapsulating of bioactive compounds are highlighted. The existing scope, limitations, and future prospects of electrospinning bioactive compounds are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , Guangzhou 510640, China
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23
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Wang D, Lu Q, Wei M, Guo E. Electrospinning of flux-enhanced chitosan-poly(lactic acid) nanofiber mats as a versatile platform for oil-water separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, School of Material Science Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Qifang Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, School of Material Science Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, School of Material Science Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Enyan Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, School of Material Science Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Wang S, Zhang R. Composite poly(lactic acid)/chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1130-1137. [PMID: 28528953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous scaffolds with different ratios of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and chitosan were fabricated by conventional electrospinning. After crosslinking by the glutaraldehyde vapor, the structure, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and in-fiber chemical interactions of the scaffolds were investigated. We found that the fiber diameter decreased with the concentration of chitosan, while mechanical properties and hydrophilicity improved. In addition, we found that scaffolds with aligned fibers have higher mechanical strength and biocompatibility than scaffolds with randomly oriented fibers. In particular, scaffolds with aligned fibers with PLA:chitosan ratios of 7:1 was found to support cardiomyocyte viability, elicit cell elongation, and enhance production of sarcomeric α-actinin and troponin I. Collectively, the data indicate that composite scaffolds consisting of PLA/chitosan fibers have great potential for engineering cardiac tissue, and for accelerating the regeneration of myocardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Shuyao Wang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China
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Ozyilmaz E, Sayin S. Utilization of Catalytic Properties of the Encapsulated Lipase with Calix[4]arene-Adorned Sporopollenin. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ozyilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Sayin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Morgado DL, Assis OBG. Processing and characterization of electrospun nanofibers from poly(lactic acid)/trimethylchitosan blends. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cui J, Cui L, Jia S, Su Z, Zhang S. Hybrid Cross-Linked Lipase Aggregates with Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Robust and Recyclable Biocatalysis for the Epoxidation of Oleic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7179-7187. [PMID: 27595982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly stable and easily recyclable hybrid magnetic cross-linked lipase aggregates (HM-CSL-CLEAs) were prepared by coaggregation of lipase aggregates with nonfunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles and subsequent chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Analysis by SEM and CLSM indicated that the CLEAs were embedded in nanoparticle aggregates instead of covalently immobilized. The resulting HM-CSL-CLEAs exhibited higher thermostability, storage stability, and reusability than standard CLEAs. For example, HM-CSL-CLEAs maintained >60% of their initial activity after 40 min of incubation at 60 °C, whereas standard CLEAs lost most of their activities. The HM-CSL-CLEAs can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field. Moreover, the H2O2 tolerance of the lipase in HM-CSL-CLEAs was also enhanced, which could relieve the inhibitory effect on lipase activity. A high conversion yield (55%) for the epoxidation of oleic acid using H2O2 as oxidizing agent was achieved by HM-CSL-CLEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Cui
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Cui
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Songping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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28
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Wang B, Li H, Yao Q, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Xia T, Wang J, Li G, Li X, Ni S. Local in vitro delivery of rapamycin from electrospun PEO/PDLLA nanofibers for glioblastoma treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1345-1352. [PMID: 27580454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and anti-proliferative agent, is used to treat glioma and other malignancies, but its effectiveness is limited by the fact that it cannot be delivered in a targeted manner to the site of the tumor. To address this issue, we fabricated a mesh via electrospinning using two biodegradable materials, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a carrier for rapamycin delivery to the tumor. Nanofiber diameter decreased with increasing PLA concentration in the mixed solution. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the smooth and uniform surface morphology of hybrid fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that rapamycin was encapsulated in the polymer solution; encapsulation efficiency was high and stable over the range of drug concentrations from 0.5-2wt%. A correlation was observed between sustained release of the drug in vitro and cytotoxicity in cultured glioma cells. These results indicate that the PEO/poly(d,l-lactic acid) nanofiber mesh can be used as a targeted delivery system for rapamycin that can limit side effects and prevent locoregional recurrence following surgical resection of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benlin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qingyu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Tongliang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Recent developments and future prospects on bio-based polyesters derived from renewable resources: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:1028-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Effect of the physicochemical properties of binary ionic liquids on lipase activity and stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:243-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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