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Thundiparambil Venu A, Vijayan J, Ammanamveetil MHA, Kottekkattu Padinchati K. An Insightful Overview of Microbial Biosurfactant: A Promising Next-Generation Biomolecule for Sustainable Future. J Basic Microbiol 2024:e2300757. [PMID: 38934506 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biosurfactant is an emerging vital biomolecule of the 21st century. They are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms and possess unique properties to reduce surface tension activity. The use of microbial surfactants spans most of the industrial fields due to their biodegradability, less toxicity, being environmentally safe, and being synthesized from renewable sources. These would be highly efficient eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-derived surfactants that would open up new approaches to research on the production of biosurfactants. In the upcoming era, biobased surfactants will become a dominating multifunctional compound in the world market. Research on biosurfactants ranges from the search for novel microorganisms that can produce new molecules, structural and physiochemical characterization of biosurfactants, and fermentation process for enhanced large-scale productivity and green applications. The main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the recent state of knowledge and trends about microbially derived surfactants, various aspects of biosurfactant production, definition, properties, characteristics, diverse advances, and applications. This would lead a long way in the production of biosurfactants as globally successful biomolecules of the current century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Thundiparambil Venu
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jasna Vijayan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mohamed Hatha Abdulla Ammanamveetil
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- CUSAT-NCPOR Centre for Polar Science, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnan Kottekkattu Padinchati
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry Division, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
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Das S, Rao KVB. A comprehensive review of biosurfactant production and its uses in the pharmaceutical industry. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:60. [PMID: 38197951 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are naturally occurring, surface-active chemicals generated by microorganisms and have attracted interest recently because of their numerous industrial uses. Compared to their chemical equivalents, they exhibit qualities that include lower toxic levels, increased biodegradable properties, and unique physiochemical properties. Due to these traits, biosurfactants have become attractive substitutes for synthetic surfactants in the pharmaceutical industry. In-depth research has been done in the last few decades, demonstrating their vast use in various industries. This review article includes a thorough description of the various types of biosurfactants and their production processes. The production process discussed here is from oil-contaminated waste, agro-industrial waste, dairy, and sugar industry waste, and also how biosurfactants can be produced from animal fat. Various purification methods such as ultrafiltration, liquid-liquid extraction, acid precipitation, foam fraction, and adsorption are required to acquire a purified product, which is necessary in the pharmaceutical industry, are also discussed here. Alternative ways for large-scale production of biosurfactants using different statistical experimental designs such as CCD, ANN, and RSM are described here. Several uses of biosurfactants, including drug delivery systems, antibacterial and antifungal agents, wound healing, and cancer therapy, are discussed. Additionally, in this review, the future challenges and aspects of biosurfactant utilization in the pharmaceutical industry and how to overcome them are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Das
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632-014, India
| | - K V Bhaskara Rao
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632-014, India.
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Barghi L, Vekalati A, Jahangiri A. Stability-Enhanced Ternary Solid Dispersions of Glyburide: Effect of Preparation Method on Physicochemical Properties. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:2641153. [PMID: 37215486 PMCID: PMC10199792 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2641153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited aqueous solubility and subsequent poor absorption and low bioavailability are the main challenges in oral drug delivery. Solid dispersion is a widely used formulation strategy to overcome this problem. Despite their efficiency, drug crystallization tendency and poor physical stability limited their commercial use. To overcome this defect, ternary solid dispersions of glyburide: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG), were developed using the fusion (F) and solvent evaporation (SE) techniques and subsequently evaluated and compared. Materials and Methods Physicochemical and dissolution properties of the prepared ternary solid dispersions were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dissolution test. Flow properties were also assessed using Carr's index and Hausner's ratio. The physical stability of the formulations was evaluated initially and after 12 months by comparing dissolution properties. Results Formulations prepared by both methods similarly showed significant improvements in dissolution efficiency and mean dissolution time compared to the pure drug. However, formulations that were prepared by SE showed a greater dissolution rate during the initial phase of dissolution. Also, after a 12-month follow-up, no significant change was observed in the mentioned parameters. The results of the infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the polymer. The absence of endotherms related to the pure drug from thermograms of the prepared formulations could be indicative of reduced crystallinity or the gradual dissolving of the drug in the molten polymer. Moreover, formulations prepared by the SE technique revealed superior flowability and compressibility in comparison with the pure drug and physical mixture (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Conclusion Efficient ternary solid dispersions of glyburide were successfully prepared by F and SE methods. Solid dispersions prepared by SE, in addition to increasing the dissolution properties and the possibility of improving the bioavailability of the drug, showed acceptable long-term physical stability with remarkably improved flowability and compressibility features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Barghi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Afshin Vekalati
- School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Azin Jahangiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Phulpoto IA, Yu Z, Qazi MA, Ndayisenga F, Yang J. A comprehensive study on microbial-surfactants from bioproduction scale-up toward electrokinetics remediation of environmental pollutants: Challenges and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136979. [PMID: 36309062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, researchers have focused on electrokinetic (EK) bioremediation due to its potential to remove a wide-range of pollutants. Further, to improve their performance, synthetic surfactants are employed as effective additives because of their excellent solubility and mobility. Synthetic surfactants have an excessive position in industries since they are well-established, cheap, and easily available. Nevertheless, these surfactants have adverse environmental effects and could be detrimental to aquatic and terrestrial life. Owing to social and environmental awareness, there is a rising demand for bio-based surfactants in the global market, from environmental sustainability to public health, because of their excellent surface and interfacial activity, higher and stable emulsifying property, biodegradability, non- or low toxicity, better selectivity and specificity at extreme environmental conditions. Unfortunately, challenges to biosurfactants, like expensive raw materials, low yields, and purification processes, hinder their applicability to large-scale. To date, extensive research has already been conducted for production scale-up using multidisciplinary approaches. However, it is still essential to research and develop high-yielding bacteria for bioproduction through traditional and biotechnological advances to reduce production costs. Herein, this review evaluates the recent progress made on microbial-surfactants for bioproduction scale-up and provides detailed information on traditional and advanced genetic engineering approaches for cost-effective bioproduction. Furthermore, this study emphasized the role of electrokinetic (EK) bioremediation and discussed the application of BioS-mediated EK for various pollutants remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Phulpoto
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fabrice Ndayisenga
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Márquez-Villa JM, Mateos-Díaz JC, Rodríguez-González JA, Camacho-Ruíz RM. Optimization of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Production by Salibacterium sp. 4CTb in Batch Stirred-Tank Bioreactors. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050983. [PMID: 35630427 PMCID: PMC9145298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Halophilic microorganisms are potentially capable as platforms to produce low-cost biosurfactants. However, the robustness of bioprocesses is still a challenge and, therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of microbiological culture conditions through bioreactor engineering. Based on a design of experiments (DOE) and a response surface methodology (RSM) tailored and taken from the literature, the present work focuses on the evaluation of a composite central design (CCD) under batch cultures in stirred-tank bioreactors with the halophilic bacteria Salibacterium sp. 4CTb in order to determine the operative conditions that favor mass transfer and optimize the production of a lipopeptide. The results obtained showed profiles highlighting the most favorable culture conditions, which lead to an emulsification index (E24%) higher than 70%. Moreover, through the behavior of dissolved oxygen (DO), it was possible to experimentally evaluate the higher volumetric coefficient of mass transfer in the presence of lipopeptide (kLa = 31 1/h) as a key criterion for the synthesis of the biosurfactant on further cell expansion.
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Zhu P, Zhang S, Kumar R, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Jiang X, Lin K, Kaur G, Yung KKL. Rhamnolipids from non-pathogenic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: Bioreactor-scale production, characterization and wound healing potency. N Biotechnol 2021; 67:23-31. [PMID: 34890838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are predominantly produced from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which restricts their scaled-up production and biomedical applications. Moreover, the wound healing property of rhamnolipids is mainly focused on either mono- or di-rhamnolipid congeners, which are obtained after extensive and costly purification procedures. Here, crude rhamnolipids from non-pathogenic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BU-03 have been prepared and characterized and their wound healing potency evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Rhamnolipid extract was produced in a bioreactor by batch fermentation at a concentration of 12.7 ± 1.4 g/L. Characterization of the extract by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry revealed characteristic rhamnolipid peaks. Rha-C10-C10 and Rha-Rha-C10-C10 appeared as the predominant congeners along with minor quantities of six more congeners. The rhamnolipid extract obtained from A. calcoaceticus had no toxicity against mouse fibroblast L929 cells and accelerated their migration. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been shown to promote fibroblast migration by activating Smad3. It was found that the rhamnolipid extract enhanced Smad3 phosphorylation in L929 cells. In vivo studies showed that it promoted wound healing in mice with excisional wounds. The protein levels of TGF-β1 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a highly contractile protein, were significantly increased by 2.56- and 1.51-fold, respectively, in extract-treated compared with vehicle control-treated wounds, indicating that the activation of TGF-β1 signaling is possibly involved in the wound healing effect. These results suggest that a rhamnolipid extract obtained from A. calcoaceticus has potential as a wound healing material for topical application in cutaneous wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Zhu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, MP3 1J3, Canada.
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Shen L, Zhang S, Chen G. Regulated strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms in response to cold: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68006-68024. [PMID: 34648167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of active cold-adapted microorganisms in the perennial cold environment. Due to their high-efficiency and energy-saving catalytic properties, cold-adapted microorganisms have become valuable natural resources with potential in various biological fields. In this study, a series of cold response strategies for microorganisms were summarized. This mainly involves the regulation of cell membrane fluidity, synthesis of cold adaptation proteins, regulators and metabolic changes, energy supply, and reactive oxygen species. Also, the potential of biocatalysts produced by cold-adapted microorganisms including cold-active enzymes, ice-binding proteins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and surfactants was introduced, which provided a guidance for expanding its application values. Overall, new insights were obtained on response strategies of microorganisms to cold environments in this review. This will deepen the understanding of the cold tolerance mechanism of cold-adapted microorganisms, thus promoting the establishment and application of low-temperature biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
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Molecular identification and primary evaluation of bio-surfactant production in edible paddy straw mushroom. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Selim MSM, Abdelhamid SA, Mohamed SS. Secondary metabolites and biodiversity of actinomycetes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33982192 PMCID: PMC8116480 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to produce microbial bioactive compounds makes actinobacteria one of the most explored microbes among prokaryotes. The secondary metabolites of actinobacteria are known for their role in various physiological, cellular, and biological processes. MAIN BODY Actinomycetes are widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, rhizosphere soil, actinmycorrhizal plants, hypersaline soil, limestone, freshwater, marine, sponges, volcanic cave-hot spot, desert, air, insects gut, earthworm castings, goat feces, and endophytic actinomycetes. The most important features of microbial bioactive compounds are that they have specific microbial producers: their diverse bioactivities and their unique chemical structures. Actinomycetes represent a source of biologically active secondary metabolites like antibiotics, biopesticide agents, plant growth hormones, antitumor compounds, antiviral agents, pharmacological compounds, pigments, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory compounds, single-cell protein feed, and biosurfactant. SHORT CONCLUSIONS Further highlight that compounds derived from actinobacteria can be applied in a wide range of industrial applications in biomedicines and the ecological habitat is under-explored and yet to be investigated for unknown, rare actinomycetes diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Selim Mohamed Selim
- Microbial Biotechnology Department—Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Saleh Mohamed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department—Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Bhatt P, Verma A, Gangola S, Bhandari G, Chen S. Microbial glycoconjugates in organic pollutant bioremediation: recent advances and applications. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:72. [PMID: 33736647 PMCID: PMC7977309 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale application of organic pollutants (OPs) has contaminated the air, soil, and water. Persistent OPs enter the food supply chain and create several hazardous effects on living systems. Thus, there is a need to manage the environmental levels of these toxicants. Microbial glycoconjugates pave the way for the enhanced degradation of these toxic pollutants from the environment. Microbial glycoconjugates increase the bioavailability of these OPs by reducing surface tension and creating a solvent interface. To date, very little emphasis has been given to the scope of glycoconjugates in the biodegradation of OPs. Glycoconjugates create a bridge between microbes and OPs, which helps to accelerate degradation through microbial metabolism. This review provides an in-depth overview of glycoconjugates, their role in biofilm formation, and their applications in the bioremediation of OP-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, SD Agricultural University, Gujarat, 385506, India
| | - Saurabh Gangola
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal Campus, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248161, India
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Comparative study on modeling by neural networks and response surface methodology for better prediction and optimization of fermentation parameters: Application on thermo-alkaline lipase production by Nocardiopsis sp. strain NRC/WN5. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jiménez IM, Chandel AK, Marcelino PRF, Anjos V, Batesttin Costa C, Jose V Bell M, Pereira B, da Silva SS. Comparative data on effects of alkaline pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis on bioemulsifier production from sugarcane straw by Cutaneotrichosporon mucoides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122706. [PMID: 31945682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioemulsifiers are surface active compounds which could be potentially used in food processing, cosmetic sector and oil recovery. Sugarcane straw (SS), was used as the raw substrate for the production of bio-emulsifiers (BE) by Cutaneotrichosporon mucoides. Three different delignification strategies using dilute sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and ammonium hydroxide followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (Cellic CTec 2, 7.5% total solids, 15 FPU/g, 72 h) were studied. Enzyme hydrolysis of ammonium hydroxide pretreated SS showed a maximum of 62.19 ± 0.74 g/l total reducing sugars with 88.35% hydrolytic efficiency (HE) followed by sodium hydroxide (60.06 ± 0.33 g/l; 85.40% HE) and sodium sulfite pretreated SS (57.22 ± 0.52 g/l; 84.71% HE), respectively. The ultrastructure of SS (native and delignified) by fourier transform-infrared and near infrared spectroscopy, revealed notable structural differences. The fermentation of hydrolysates by C. mucoides into bioemulsifiers showing emulsification index (EI) of 54.33%, 48.66% and 32.66% from sodium sulfite, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide pretreated SS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzcoatl M Jiménez
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, s/n° 12.602-810, Brazil
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, s/n° 12.602-810, Brazil.
| | - Paulo R F Marcelino
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, s/n° 12.602-810, Brazil
| | - Virgilio Anjos
- Engineering and Materials Spectroscopy Group, Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Batesttin Costa
- Engineering and Materials Spectroscopy Group, Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose V Bell
- Engineering and Materials Spectroscopy Group, Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara Pereira
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, s/n° 12.602-810, Brazil
| | - Silvio S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, s/n° 12.602-810, Brazil
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Arifiyanto A, Surtiningsih T, Ni'matuzahroh, Fatimah, Agustina D, Alami NH. Antimicrobial activity of biosurfactants produced by actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere of Sidoarjo mud region. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Javee A, Karuppan R, Subramani N. Bioactive glycolipid biosurfactant from seaweed Sargassum myriocystum associated bacteria Streptomyces sp. SNJASM6. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jimoh AA, Lin J. Biosurfactant: A new frontier for greener technology and environmental sustainability. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109607. [PMID: 31505408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons, oil, heavy metals pollution is becoming additional severe problem due to the growing call for crude oil and crude oil products related products in several fields of application. Such pollution have fascinated much considerations and attractions as it leads to ecological damages in both marines, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, different techniques including chemical surfactants and complex technologies have been proposed for their clean up from the environment, which in turn has detrimental effects on the environment. As of late, biosurfactant compounds have added much deliberation since they are considered as a reasonable option and eco-accommodating materials for remediation technology. The present society is confronting a few difficulties of usage, authorizing ecological protection and environmental change for the next generations. Biosurfactants hold the special property of minimizing and reducing the interfacial tension of liquids. Such features endure biosurfactants to afford a major part in emulsification, de-emulsification, biodegradability, foam formation, washing performance, surface activity, and detergent formulation, which have potential applications in the diverse industrial set-up. Conversations on cost-effective technologies, renewable materials, novel synthesis, downstream, upstream, emerging characterization techniques, molecular, and genetical engineering are substantial to produce biosurfactant of quality and quantity. Therefore, greater attention is being paid to biosurfactant production by identifying their environmental, and biotechnological applications. Be that as it may, the extravagant cost drew in with biosurfactants biotechnological synthesis and recovery can hamper their application in those areas. Notwithstanding these costs, biosurfactants can be used as these parts shows outstandingly high benefits that can at present beat the expenses incurred in the initial purification and downstream processes. Biosurfactant production by microorganisms is relatively considered one of the crucial know-how for improvement, growth, advancement, and environmental sustainability of the 21st century. There is a developing conversation around environmental safety and the significant role that biosurfactants will progressively play soon, for instance, the use of renewable by-products as substrates, potential reduction, re-use and recycling of waste and waste products. The review confers the usefulness of biosurfactants in the removal of environmental contaminants and, consequently, expanding environmental safety and drive towards greener technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Adekilekun Jimoh
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Johnson Lin
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa
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Barbachano‐Torres A, López‐Ortega MA, Delgado‐García M, González‐García Y, Rodríguez JA, Kirchmayr MR, Camacho‐Ruíz RM. Production and Characterization of Surface‐Active Lipopeptides by Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria
Salibacterium
sp. 4CTb. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Barbachano‐Torres
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Avenida Normalistas 800, 44270 Guadalajara Jal Mexico
| | - Mayra A. López‐Ortega
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríasUniversidad de Guadalajara Km 15.5, Carretera Guadalajara‐Nogales, 45220 Zapopan Jal Mexico
| | - Mariana Delgado‐García
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Avenida Normalistas 800, 44270 Guadalajara Jal Mexico
| | - Yolanda González‐García
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríasUniversidad de Guadalajara Km 15.5, Carretera Guadalajara‐Nogales, 45220 Zapopan Jal Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Avenida Normalistas 800, 44270 Guadalajara Jal Mexico
| | - Manuel R. Kirchmayr
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Avenida Normalistas 800, 44270 Guadalajara Jal Mexico
| | - Rosa M. Camacho‐Ruíz
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Avenida Normalistas 800, 44270 Guadalajara Jal Mexico
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Pessôa MG, Vespermann KA, Paulino BN, Barcelos MC, Pastore GM, Molina G. Newly isolated microorganisms with potential application in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:319-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Rodríguez-López L, Rincón-Fontán M, Vecino X, Cruz JM, Moldes AB. Preservative and Irritant Capacity of Biosurfactants From Different Sources: A Comparative Study. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2296-2304. [PMID: 30797780 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important challenges for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is solubilization and preservation of their active ingredients. Therefore, most of these formulations contain irritant chemical additives to improve their shelf-life and the solubility of hydrophobic ingredients. An interesting alternative to chemical surfactants and preservatives is the use of biosurfactants; thus, their surfactant properties and composition make them more biocompatible than their chemical counterparts. Moreover, some biosurfactants have shown antimicrobial activity in addition to their detergent capacity. In this work, the antimicrobial and irritant effect of 2 biosurfactant extracts was studied: one produced in a controlled fermentation process with Lactobacillus pentosus and the other produced from corn stream by spontaneous fermentation. The results showed a strong antimicrobial activity of the biosurfactant extract obtained from corn stream on pathogenic bacteria, in comparison with the L. pentosus biosurfactant extract. Moreover, both biosurfactants did not produce any irritant effect on the chorioallantoic membrane of hen's egg assay contrary to sodium dodecyl sulfate. This is the first study dealing with the application of biosurfactant extracts on sensitive biological membranes, and this is the first time that the preservative capacity of a biosurfactant extract obtained in spontaneous fermentation is being evaluated, achieving promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rodríguez-López
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Myriam Rincón-Fontán
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC)-Barcelona TECH, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Moldes
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Jimoh AA, Lin J. Enhancement of Paenibacillus sp. D9 Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Production Through the Optimization of Medium Composition and Its Application for Biodegradation of Hydrophobic Pollutants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:724-743. [PMID: 30043149 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interests in biosurfactant in industrial and environmental applications have increased considerably in recent years, owing to their potential benefits over synthetic counterparts. The present study aimed at analyzing the stability and oil removal efficiency of a new lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Paenibacillus sp. D9 and its feasibility of its use in biotechnological applications. Paenibacillus sp. D9 was evaluated for optimal growth conditions and improved production yield of lipopeptide biosurfactant with variations in different substrate parameters such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C:N: ratio, metal supplements, pH, and temperature. Enhanced biosurfactant production was observed when using diesel fuel and ammonium sulfate as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. The maximum biosurfactant yield of 4.11 g/L by Paenibacillus sp. D9 occurred at a C/N ratio of 3:1, at pH 7.0, 30 °C, 4.0 mM MgSO4, and 1.5% inoculum size. The D9 biosurfactant was found to retain surface-active properties under the extreme conditions such as high thermal, acidic, alkaline, and salt concentration. The ability to emulsify further emphasizes its potential usage in biotechnological application. Additionally, the lipopeptide biosurfactant exhibited good performance in the degradation of highly toxic substances when compared with chemical surfactant, which proposes its probable application in biodegradation, microbial-enhanced oil recovery or bioremediation. Furthermore, the biosurfactants were effective in a test to stimulate the solubilization of hydrophobic pollutants in both liquid environments removing 49.1 to 65.1% diesel fuel including hydrophobic pollutants. The study highlights the usefulness of optimization of culture parameters and their effects on biosurfactant production, high stability, improved desorption, and solubilization of hydrophobic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Adekilekun Jimoh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- College of Agriculture, Engineering, and Science, School of Life Sciences, (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Antifungal activity of 3-acetylbenzamide produced by actinomycete WA23-4-4 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana. J Microbiol 2018; 56:516-523. [PMID: 29956124 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are well-known for producing numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, primary screening by antifungal activity assay found one actinomycete strain WA23-4-4 isolated from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana that exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activity. 16S rDNA gene analysis of strain WA23-4-4 revealed close similarity to Streptomyces nogalater (AB045886) with 86.6% sequence similarity. Strain WA23-4-4 was considered as a novel Streptomyces and the 16s rDNA sequence has been submitted to GenBank (accession no. KX291006). The maximum antifungal activity of WA23-4-4 was achieved when culture conditions were optimized to pH 8.0, with 12% inoculum concentration and 210 ml ISP2 medium, which remained stable between the 5th and the 9th day. 3-Acetyl benzoyl amide was isolated by ethyl acetate extraction of WA23-4-4 fermentation broth, and its molecular formula was determined as C9H9NO2 based on MS, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR analyses. The compound showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml) and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml). However, the compound had higher MIC values against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 60836 (MIC: 500 μg/ml) and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 96918 (MIC: 1,000 μg/ml). SEM analysis showed damage to the cell membrane of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and to the mycelium of Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 after being treatment with 3-acetyl benzoyl amide. In conclusion, this is the first time that 3-acetyl benzoyl amide has been identified from an actinomycete and this compound exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404.
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Lamilla C, Braga D, Castro R, Guimarães C, V. A. de Castilho L, Freire DMG, Barrientos L. Streptomyces luridus So3.2 from Antarctic soil as a novel producer of compounds with bioemulsification potential. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196054. [PMID: 29684071 PMCID: PMC5912782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify novel microbial producers of bioemulsificant compounds from Antarctic soils. Fifty-nine microbial strains were isolated from five different locations at South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and screened for biosurfactant production by β-hemolytic activity. Strain So 3.2 was determined as bioemulsifier-producer and identified by phenotypic and molecular characterization as Streptomyces luridus. Emulsification activity, oil displacement method and drop-collapsing test were performed to evaluate the biosurfactant activity with different oils and hydrocarbons using two different culture media (Luria Bertani and Bushnell Haas in the presence of different carbon sources: glucose, glycerol, olive oil and n-Hexadecane). Cell free supernatant of Bushnell Haas culture supplemented with n-Hexadecane showed the best results for all tests. Emulsification of hydrocarbons exceeded 60%, reaching up to 90% on oil with high API grade, while displacement tests ranged from 8 cm to 4 cm in diameter according the culture media and tested oils. Our results revealed that Streptomyces luridus So3.2 is able to produce bioemulsifiers capable of emulsifying hydrocarbons and oils, which could be used in different biotechnological applications, particularly for bioremediation of environments contaminated by oil leaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Lamilla
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Douglas Braga
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Rui Castro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Carolina Guimarães
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Livia V. A. de Castilho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Denise M. G. Freire
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LB); (DMGF)
| | - Leticia Barrientos
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- * E-mail: (LB); (DMGF)
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Akbari S, Abdurahman NH, Yunus RM, Fayaz F, Alara OR. Biosurfactants—a new frontier for social and environmental safety: a mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang J, Xue Q, Gao H, Lai H, Wang P. Production of lipopeptide biosurfactants by Bacillus atrophaeus 5-2a and their potential use in microbial enhanced oil recovery. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:168. [PMID: 27716284 PMCID: PMC5048436 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopeptides are known as promising microbial surfactants and have been successfully used in enhancing oil recovery in extreme environmental conditions. A biosurfactant-producing strain, Bacillus atrophaeus 5-2a, was recently isolated from an oil-contaminated soil in the Ansai oilfield, Northwest China. In this study, we evaluated the crude oil removal efficiency of lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by B. atrophaeus 5-2a and their feasibility for use in microbial enhanced oil recovery. Results The production of biosurfactants by B. atrophaeus 5-2a was tested in culture media containing eight carbon sources and nitrogen sources. The production of a crude biosurfactant was 0.77 g L−1 and its surface tension was 26.52 ± 0.057 mN m−1 in a basal medium containing brown sugar (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source). The biosurfactants produced by the strain 5-2a demonstrated excellent oil spreading activity and created a stable emulsion with paraffin oil. The stability of the biosurfactants was assessed under a wide range of environmental conditions, including temperature (up to 120 °C), pH (2–13), and salinity (0–50 %, w/v). The biosurfactants were found to retain surface-active properties under the extreme conditions. Additionally, the biosurfactants were successful in a test to simulate microbial enhanced oil recovery, removing 90.0 and 93.9 % of crude oil adsorbed on sand and filter paper, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the biosurfactants were a mixture of lipopeptides, which are powerful biosurfactants commonly produced by Bacillus species. Conclusions The study highlights the usefulness of optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and their effects on the biosurfactants production and further emphasizes on the potential of lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by B. atrophaeus 5-2a for crude oil removal. The favorable properties of the lipopeptide biosurfactants make them good candidates for application in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated sites and microbial enhanced oil recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Quanhong Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Hangxian Lai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang'an University, 710055, Xi'an, China
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