1
|
Ullah A, Zhang Y, Liu C, Qiao Q, Shao Q, Shi J. Process intensification strategies for green solvent mediated biomass pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128394. [PMID: 36442603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrated to be highly effective for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has attracted increasing attention owing to its advantages of simple synthesis, relatively low chemical cost, and better biocompatibility as compared to certain ionic liquids. Here we provide a critical review of the status of the design/selection of DES for the pretreatment of biomass feedstocks with an emphasis on the process intensification strategies: 1) integration of microwave, ultrasound, and high solid extrusion for pretreating biomass, 2) one-pot DES pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, 3) strategies for DES recycling and product recovery; and 4) recent progress on molecular simulations toward understanding the interactions between DES and biomass compounds such as lignin and cellulose. Lastly, we provide perspectives toward cost-effective, continuous, high-solid, environmental-benign, and industrial-relevant applications and point to future research directions to address the challenges associated with DES pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed Ullah
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stevens JC, Shi J. Modifying Surface Charges of a Thermophilic Laccase Toward Improving Activity and Stability in Ionic Liquid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880795. [PMID: 35757805 PMCID: PMC9213733 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multicopper oxidase enzyme laccase holds great potential to be used for biological lignin valorization alongside a biocompatible ionic liquid (IL). However, the IL concentrations required for biomass pretreatment severely inhibit laccase activity. Due to their ability to function in extreme conditions, many thermophilic enzymes have found use in industrial applications. The thermophilic fungal laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was found to retain high levels of activity in the IL [C2C1Im][EtSO4], making it a desirable biocatalyst to be used for lignin valorization. In contrast to [C2C1Im][EtSO4], the biocompatibility of [C2C1Im][OAC] with the laccase was markedly lower. Severe inhibition of laccase activity was observed in 15% [C2C1Im][OAc]. In this study, the enzyme surface charges were modified via acetylation, succinylation, cationization, or neutralization. However, these modifications did not show significant improvement in laccase activity or stability in [C2C1Im][OAc]. Docking simulations show that the IL docks close to the T1 catalytic copper, likely interfering with substrate binding. Although additional docking locations for [OAc]- are observed after making enzyme modifications, it does not appear that these locations play a role in the inhibition of enzyme activity. The results of this study could guide future enzyme engineering efforts by showing that the inhibition mechanism of [C2C1Im][OAc] toward M. thermophila laccase is likely not dependent upon the IL interacting with the enzyme surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Stevens
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jian Shi
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zofair SFF, Ahmad S, Hashmi MA, Khan SH, Khan MA, Younus H. Catalytic roles, immobilization and management of recalcitrant environmental pollutants by laccases: Significance in sustainable green chemistry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114676. [PMID: 35151142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We are facing a high risk of exposure to emerging contaminants and increasing environmental pollution with the concomitant growth of industries. Persistence of these pollutants is a major concern to the ecosystem. Laccases, also known as "green catalysts" are multi-copper oxidases which offers an eco-friendly solution for the degradation of these hazardous pollutants to less or non-toxic compounds. Although various other biological methods exist for the treatment of pollutants, the fact that laccases catalyze the oxidation of broad range of substrates in the presence of molecular oxygen without any additional cofactor and releases water as the by-product makes them exceptional. They have a good possibility of utilization in various industries, especially for the purpose of bioremediation. Besides this, they have also been used in medical/health care, food industry, bio-bleaching, wine stabilization, organic synthesis and biosensors. This review covers the catalytic behaviour of laccases, their immobilization strategies, potential applications in bioremediation of recalcitrant environmental pollutants and their engineering. It provides a comprehensive summary of most factors to consider while working with laccases in an industrial setting. It compares the benefits and drawbacks of the current techniques. Immobilization and mediators, two of the most significant aspects in working with laccases, have been meticulously discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Fauzia Farheen Zofair
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sumbul Ahmad
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shaheer Hasan Khan
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Younus
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Magnetic casein aggregates as an innovative support platform for laccase immobilization and bioremoval of crystal violet. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:150-160. [PMID: 35031314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, casein@CoFe2O4 was fabricated through a green synthesis methodology and applied to immobilize laccase. The constructed casein@CoFe2O4 exhibited porous structures with distinct cavities and suitable magnetic properties. The abundance of aromatic functional groups on the surface renneted casein and possible π-type interaction between laccase and para-κ-casein resulted in a successful immobilization. The biocatalyst retained 50% of its initial activity after 24 reusability cycles, indicating stable immobilization of laccase onto the casein microstructures. The stability of laccase after immobilization was improved by 300% in comparison with the free enzyme, especially in basic pH values. The constructed laccase@casein@CoFe2O4 was then incorporated to remove crystal violet (CV) as an environmentally harmful synthetic tri-phenylmethane dye. The prepared heterogeneous biocatalyst effectively diminished the antimicrobial activity of CV up to 81.3% in 40 min against some bacterial strains, resulting from the formation of more minor toxic metabolites identified by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy after degradation procedure. The proposed green and feasible method for the preparation of magnetic casein aggregates has not been previously reported. The incorporation of casein, which acted as a molecular chaperon, resulted in a significant improvement in the enzymatic stability and exhibited appropriate reusability for the constructed biocatalytic system.
Collapse
|
5
|
Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107809. [PMID: 34333091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development and deployment of commercial biorefineries based on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts faces many challenges that must be addressed before they are commercially viable. One of the biggest challenges faced is the efficient and scalable valorization of lignin, one of the three major components of the plant cell wall. Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth, and its presence hinders the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose that is essential to biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals. There has been a significant amount of work over the past 20 years that has sought to develop innovative processes designed to extract and recycle lignin into valuable compounds and help reduce the overall costs of the biorefinery process. Due to the complex matrix of lignin, which is essential for plant survival, the development of a reliable and efficient lignin conversion technology has been difficult to achieve. One approach that has received significant interest relies on the use of enzymes, notably laccases, a class of multi‑copper green oxidative enzymes that catalyze bond breaking in lignin to produce smaller oligomers. In this review, we first assess the different innovations of lignin valorization using laccases within the context of a biorefinery process, and then assess the latest economical advances that these innovations offered. Finally, we review laccase characterization and optimization, as well as the prospects and bottlenecks of this class of enzymes within the industrial and biorefining sectors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Patel AY, Jonnalagadda KS, Paradis N, Vaden TD, Wu C, Caputo GA. Effects of Ionic Liquids on Metalloproteins. Molecules 2021; 26:514. [PMID: 33478102 PMCID: PMC7835893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, innovative protein therapies and bio-similar industries have grown rapidly. Additionally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been an area of great interest and rapid development in industrial processes over a similar timeline. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the structure and function of proteins in novel environments with ILs. Understanding the short-term and long-term stability of protein molecules in IL formulations will be key to using ILs for protein technologies. Similarly, ILs have been investigated as part of therapeutic delivery systems and implicated in numerous studies in which ILs impact the activity and/or stability of protein molecules. Notably, many of the proteins used in industrial applications are involved in redox chemistry, and thus often contain metal ions or metal-associated cofactors. In this review article, we focus on the current understanding of protein structure-function relationship in the presence of ILs, specifically focusing on the effect of ILs on metal containing proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashka Y. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
| | | | - Nicholas Paradis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sivapragasam M, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. An Overview on the Toxicological Properties of Ionic Liquids toward Microorganisms. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900073. [PMID: 31864234 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of materials with unique physicochemical properties, have been used extensively in the fields of chemical engineering, biotechnology, material sciences, pharmaceutics, and many others. Because ILs are very polar by nature, they can migrate into the environment with the possibility of inclusion in the food chain and bioaccumulation in living organisms. However, the chemical natures of ILs are not quintessentially biocompatible. Therefore, the practical uses of ILs must be preceded by suitable toxicological assessments. Among different methods, the use of microorganisms to evaluate IL toxicity provides many advantages including short generation time, rapid growth, and environmental and industrial relevance. This article reviews the recent research progress on the toxicological properties of ILs toward microorganisms and highlights the computational prediction of various toxicity models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magaret Sivapragasam
- Biotechnology Department, QUEST International University Perak, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,Center of Researches in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Acharyya A, DiGiuseppi D, Stinger BL, Schweitzer-Stenner R, Vaden TD. Structural Destabilization of Azurin by Imidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6933-6945. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arusha Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David DiGiuseppi
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 S. 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brittany L. Stinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 S. 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang DC, Li H, Xia SN, Xue YP, Zheng YG. Engineering of a keto acid reductase through reconstructing the substrate binding pocket to improve its activity. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02586j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme–substrate docking-guided point mutation of the substrate-binding pocket to generate mutant L244G/A250G/L245R with superior activity in the synthesis of (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Shu-Ning Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khodakarami A, Goodarzi N, Hoseinzadehdehkordi M, Amani F, Khodaverdian S, Khajeh K, Ghazi F, Ranjbar B, Amanlou M, Dabirmanesh B. Rational design toward developing a more efficient laccase: Catalytic efficiency and selectivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:775-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Ribić VR, Stojanović SĐ, Zlatović MV. Anion–π interactions in active centers of superoxide dismutases. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:559-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murugesan R, Vembu B. Production of extracellular laccase from the newly isolated Bacillus sp. PK4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
14
|
Cannatelli MD, Ragauskas AJ. Two Decades of Laccases: Advancing Sustainability in the Chemical Industry. CHEM REC 2016; 17:122-140. [PMID: 27492131 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the current state of environmental affairs and that our future on this planet as we know it is in jeopardy, research and development into greener and more sustainable technologies within the chemical and forest products industries is at its peak. Given the global scale of these industries, the need for environmentally benign practices is propelling new green processes. These challenges are also impacting academic research and our reagents of interest are laccases. These enzymes are employed in a variety of biotechnological applications due to their native function as catalytic oxidants. They are about as green as it gets when it comes to chemical processes, requiring O2 as their only co-substrate and producing H2 O as the sole by-product. The following account will review our twenty year journey on the use of these enzymes within our research group, from their initial use in biobleaching of kraft pulps and for fiber modification within the pulp and paper industry, to their current application as green catalytic oxidants in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Cannatelli
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Activity improvement of a Kluyveromyces lactis aldo-keto reductase KlAKR via rational design. J Biotechnol 2016; 224:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|