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Ambrin G, Kang YJ, Van Do K, Lee C, Singh BR, Cho H. Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305326. [PMID: 38342616 PMCID: PMC11022717 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics. The effects of multi-dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but much less is known on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, the mechanism of multi-dosed BoNT/A leading to CNS neurodegeneration is explored by using the 3D human neuron-glia model. BoNT/A treatment reduces acetylcholine, triggers astrocytic transforming growth factor beta, and upregulates C1q, C3, and C5 expression, inducing microglial proinflammation. The disintegration of the neuronal microtubules is escorted by microglial nitric oxide, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 8. The microglial proinflammation eventually causes synaptic impairment, phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregation, and the loss of the BoNT/A-treated neurons. Taking a more holistic approach, the model will allow to assess therapeutics for the CNS neurodegeneration under the prolonged use of BoNT/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghuncha Ambrin
- School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92093USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaCharlotteNC28223USA
| | - You Jung Kang
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Khanh Van Do
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaCharlotteNC28223USA
| | - Bal Ram Singh
- Botulinum Research Center, Institute of Advanced SciencesDartmouthMA02747USA
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
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Han J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Li P, Gu Q. Insight into the structure, biosynthesis, isolation method and biological function of teichoic acid in different gram-positive microorganisms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126825. [PMID: 37696369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Teichoic acid (TA) is a weakly anionic polymer present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be classified into wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) based on its localization in the cell wall. The structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs are strain-specific and have a significant role in maintaining cell wall stability. TAs have various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, the purity and yield of TAs are generally not high, and different isolation methods may even affect their structural integrity, which limits the research progress on the probiotic functions of TA. This paper reviews an overview of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs in different strains, as well as the research progress of the isolation and purification methods of TAs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the current research status on the biological functions of TAs. Through a comprehensive understanding of this review, it is expected to pave the way for advancements in isolating and purifying high-quality TAs and, in turn, lay a foundation for contributing to the development of targeted probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Lu Q, Guo Y, Yang G, Cui L, Wu Z, Zeng X, Pan D, Cai Z. Structure and Anti-Inflammation Potential of Lipoteichoic Acids Isolated from Lactobacillus Strains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111610. [PMID: 35681360 PMCID: PMC9180668 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract and confer a variety of health effects. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), an amphiphilic substance located in the cell membrane, is a key molecule in probiotic–host crosstalk. Through the characterization of structural characteristics of LTA molecules derived from Lactobacillus plantarum A3, Lactobacillus reuteri DMSZ 8533, and Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6074, there exists some heterogeneity in LTA molecules, which perhaps contributes to the distinguishable adhesion properties of Lactobacillus strains based on fluorescence microscopy observations. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, LTAs derived from three Lactobacillus strains obviously alleviated inflammatory responses as evidenced by the altered inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Western blotting demonstrated that L. reuteri LTA blocked LPS-triggered expression of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The findings further validated that LTA is an important effector molecule and deserves further consideration as an alternative therapeutic for ulcerative colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhendong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.); (G.Y.); (L.C.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (D.P.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence:
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Kim WJ, Hyun JH, Lee NK, Paik HD. Protective Effects of a Novel Lactobacillus brevis Strain with Probiotic Characteristics against Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid-Induced Intestinal Inflammatory Response. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:205-211. [PMID: 34750285 PMCID: PMC9628842 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can effectively modulate host immune responses and prevent gastrointestinal diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KU15152 isolated from kimchi and its protective potential against intestinal inflammation induced by Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (aLTA). L. brevis KU15152 exhibited a high survival rate in artificial gastric and bile environments. Additionally, the adhesion capability of the strain to HT-29 cells was higher than that of L. rhamnosus GG. L. brevis KU15152 did not produce harmful enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase, indicating that it could be used as a potential probiotic. The anti-inflammatory potential of L. brevis KU15152 was determined in HT-29 cells. Treatment with L. brevis KU15152 suppressed the production of interleukin-8 without inducing significant cytotoxicity. The downregulatory effects of L. brevis KU15152 were involved in the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activation mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, these data suggest that L. brevis KU15152 can be used in developing therapeutic and prophylactic products to manage and treat aLTA-induced intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyun Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2049-6011 E-mail:
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Chen Z, Zhang D, Li M, Wang B. Costunolide ameliorates lipoteichoic acid-induced acute lung injury via attenuating MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:283-289. [PMID: 29906743 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is an experimental model for mimicking Gram-positive bacteria-induced pneumonia that is a refractory disease with lack of effective medicines. Here, we reported that costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, ameliorated LTA-induced ALI. Costunolide treatment reduced LTA-induced neutrophil lung infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production (TNF-α, IL-6 and KC), and pulmonary edema. In response to LTA challenge, treatment with costunolide resulted less iNOS expression and produced less inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Pretreatment with costunolide also attenuated the LTA-induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK in BMDMs. Furthermore, costunolide treatment reduced the phosphorylation of TAK1 and inhibited the interaction of TAK1 with Tab1. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that costunolide protects against LTA-induced ALI via inhibiting TAK1-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, and our studies suggest that costunolide is a promising agent for treatment of Gram-positive bacteria-mediated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Tuo Y, Song X, Song Y, Liu W, Tang Y, Gao Y, Jiang S, Qian F, Mu G. Screening probiotics from Lactobacillus strains according to their abilities to inhibit pathogen adhesion and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4822-4829. [PMID: 29550135 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can be screened according to their abilities to inhibit pathogen adhesion and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eleven Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional fermented dairy foods in Xinjiang, China, were studied for their potential to inhibit adhesion of Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelial cells and to inhibit E. coli-induced production of interleukin (IL)-8 by intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that the 11 strains could inhibit adhesion of E. coli to Caco-2 cell monolayers and inhibit the induction of IL-8 production by E. coli in HT-29 cells. The inhibiting activities of the Lactobacillus strains against E. coli adhesion and IL-8 induction were strain-specific and not positively correlated, whereas the excluding activity of the strains against E. coli adhesion and their coaggregation with E. coli were positively correlated. The effector molecules of the strains with probiotic potential should be identified to explain the mechanism behind these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xing Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
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C. butyricum lipoteichoic acid inhibits the inflammatory response and apoptosis in HT-29 cells induced by S. aureus lipoteichoic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:81-7. [PMID: 27020942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules of gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated that Clostridium butyricum LTA (bLTA) significantly inhibited the inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus LTA (aLTA) in HT-29 cells. aLTA stimulated the inflammatory responses by activating a strong signal transduction cascade through NF-κB and ERK, but bLTA did not activate the signaling pathway. bLTA pretreatment inhibited the activation of the NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway induced by aLTA. The expression and release of cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF-α were also suppressed by bLTA pretreatment. aLTA treatment induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells, but bLTA did not affect the viability of the cells. Further study indicated that bLTA inhibited apoptosis in HT-29 cells induced by aLTA. These results suggest that bLTA may act as an aLTA antagonist and that an antagonistic bLTA may be a useful agent for suppressing the pro-inflammatory activities of gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.
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