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Martínez-Zavala SA, Ortiz-Rodríguez T, Salcedo-Hernández R, Casados-Vázquez LE, Del Rincón-Castro MC, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. The chitin-binding domain of Bacillus thuringiensis ChiA74 inhibits gram-negative bacterial and fungal pathogens of humans and plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128049. [PMID: 37963502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The chitinase ChiA74 is synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis and possesses a modular organization composed of four domains. In the C-terminal of the enzyme is located the chitin-binding domain (CBD), which has not been isolated as a single unit or characterized. Here, we aimed to isolate the ChiA74's CBD as a single unit, determine the binding properties, and evaluate its antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. We cloned the ChiA74's CBD and expressed it in Escherichia coli BL21. The single domain was purified, analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and characterized. The recombinant CBD (rCBD) showed a molecular mass of ∼14 kDa and binds strongly to α-chitin, with Kd and Bmax of ∼4.7 ± 0.9 μM and 1.5 ± 0.1 μmoles/g chitin, respectively. Besides, the binding potential (Bmax/Kd) was stronger for α-chitin (∼0.31) than microcrystalline cellulose (∼0.19). It was also shown that the purified rCBD inhibited the growth of the clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) Vibrio cholerae, and V. parahemolyticus CVP2 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 121 ± 9.9 and 138 ± 3.2 μg/mL, respectively, and of one of the most common GNB plant pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae with a MIC of 230 ± 13.8 μg/mL. In addition, the rCBD possessed antifungal activity inhibiting the conidia germination of Fusarium oxysporum (MIC = 192 ± 37.5 μg/mL) and lacked hemolytic and agglutination activities against human erythrocytes. The significance of this work lies in the fact that data provided here show for the first time that ChiA74's CBD from B. thuringiensis has antimicrobial activity, suggesting its potential use against significant pathogenic microorganisms. Future works will be focused on testing the inhibitory effect against other pathogenic microorganisms and elucidating the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Martínez-Zavala
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Tomás Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Rubén Salcedo-Hernández
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Luz E Casados-Vázquez
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; CONACyT-University of Guanajuato, México
| | - Ma Cristina Del Rincón-Castro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México
| | - Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Biomedical Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México; Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, México.
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Lee ME, Shin HY, Bhardwaj N, Cho BH, Hwang DH, Jeong WY, Han SO. Effective bioconversion of fungal-spoiled starchy food waste into fermentable sugars using fungi-degrading, artificial amylosomes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129760. [PMID: 37741579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi-degrading artificial amylosomes were newly developed consisting of fungi-degrading enzyme (NAG), starch-degrading enzymes and a scaffold protein. Amylosome scaffolds containing starch-binding proteins (SbpCbpA and CCSbpCbpA) were highly bound to starch and fungal-spoiled food waste. Amylosomes showed an average of 1.43-fold higher reducing sugar production from starch. 2.00-fold α-amylase in amylosomes increased reducing sugar production from amylose by an average of 1.50-fold. At 70°C for 6 hours, SbpCbpA and CCSbpCbpA maintained an average activity of 56.42% compared to the control (38.37%). The enzyme mixture and amylosomes with NAG showed an average 1.31-fold increase in glucose production in response to fungal-spoiled food waste compared to samples without NAG; in particular, CCSbpCbpA with NAG produced 62.44 ± 0.03 mM glucose (2.55-fold of the enzyme mixture without NAG). This research strategy can be applicable to the starch and fungal-spoiled food waste saccharification in an ecofriendly manner, leading to sugar production in industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Wang R, Liu C, Jiang X, Tan Z, Li H, Xu S, Zhang S, Shang Q, Deising HB, Behrens SE, Wu B. The Newly Identified Trichoderma harzianum Partitivirus (ThPV2) Does Not Diminish Spore Production and Biocontrol Activity of Its Host. Viruses 2022; 14:1532. [PMID: 35891512 PMCID: PMC9317543 DOI: 10.3390/v14071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new partititvirus isolated from a Trichoderma harzianum strain (T673), collected in China, was characterized and annotated as Trichoderma harzianum partitivirus 2 (ThPV2). The genome of ThPV2 consists of a 1693 bp dsRNA1 encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a 1458 bp dsRNA2 encoding a hypothetical protein. In comparative studies employing the ThPV2-infected strain (T673) and a strain cured by ribavirin treatment (virus-free strain T673-F), we investigated biological effects of ThPV2 infection. While the growth rate of the virus-infected fungus differed little from that of the cured variant, higher mycelial density, conidiospore, and chlamydospore production were observed in the virus-infected strain T673. Furthermore, both the ThPV2-infected and the cured strain showed growth- and development-promoting activities in cucumber plants. In vitro confrontation tests showed that strains T673 and T673-F inhibited several important fungal pathogens and an oomycete pathogen in a comparable manner. Interestingly, in experiments with cucumber seeds inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, the ThPV2-infected strain T673 showed moderately but statistically significantly improved biocontrol activity when compared with strain T673-F. Our data broaden the spectrum of known mycoviruses and provide relevant information for the development of mycoviruses for agronomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiliang Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhaoyan Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongrui Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscapes, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Shujin Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscapes, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Shuaihu Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Qiaoxia Shang
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Holger B. Deising
- Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Section Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Sven-Erik Behrens
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Section Microbial Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Beilei Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (X.J.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (S.X.); (S.Z.)
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Ni D, Kırtel O, Yin D, Xu W, Chen Q, Öner ET, Mu W. Improving the catalytic behaviors of Lactobacillus-derived fructansucrases by truncation strategies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109857. [PMID: 34311894 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructansucrases (FSs), including inulosucrase (IS) and levansucrase (LS), are the members of the Glycoside Hydrolase family 68 (GH68) enzymes. IS and LS catalyze the polymerization of the fructosyl moiety from sucrose to inulin- and levan-type fructans, respectively. Lactobacillus-derived FSs have relatively extended N- and C-terminal sequences. However, the functional roles of these sequences in their enzymatic properties and fructan biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (basionym: Lactobacillus reuteri) 121 could produce both IS and LS, abbreviated as Lare121-IS and Lare121-LS, respectively. In this study, it was found that the terminal truncation displayed an obvious effect on their activities and the N-terminal truncated variants, Lare121-ISΔ177-701 and Lare121-LSΔ154-686, displayed the highest activities. Melting temperature (Tm) and the thermostability at 50 °C were measured to evaluate the stability of various truncated versions, revealing the different effects of N-terminal on the stability. The average molecular weight and polymerization degree of the fructans produced by different truncated variants did not change considerably, indicating that N-terminal truncation had low influence on fructan biosynthesis. In addition, it was found that N-terminal truncation could also improve the activity of other reported FSs from Lactobacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Lee ME, Shin SK, Oh JJ, Hwang DH, Ko YJ, Hyeon JE, Han SO. Enzymatic production of sugar from fungi and fungi-infected lignocellulosic biomass by a new cellulosomal enzyme harboring N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124242. [PMID: 33254465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosomes are scaffold proteins displaying enzymes on the cell wall to efficiently obtain nutrient sources. CcGlcNAcase is a novel cellulosomal component. Based on sequence analysis, CcGlcNAcase was predicted to be a chitinolytic enzyme based on high homology with the discoidin domain-containing protein and chitobiase/ β-hexosaminidase C terminal domain. CcGlcNAcase expression was notably increased when chitin was present. CcGlcNAcase produced N-acetyl-d-glucosamine from various lengths of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. CcGlcNAcase bound to chitin (89%) and fungi (54.10%), whereas CcGlcNAcase exhibited a low binding ability to cellulose and xylan. CcGlcNAcase hydrolyzed fungi, yielding maximum 3.90 g/L N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. CcGlcNAcase enhanced cellulase toward fungi-infected lignocellulosic biomass, yielding 18 mg/L glucose (1.32-fold) and 1.72-fold increased total reducing sugar levels, whereas cellulase alone produced 13 mg/L glucose. Taken together, CcGlcNAcase can be utilized to enhance the degradation of fungi-infected lignocellulosic biomass and exhibits potential applications in the wood and sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Joo Oh
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Martínez-Zavala SA, Barboza-Pérez UE, Hernández-Guzmán G, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. Chitinases of Bacillus thuringiensis: Phylogeny, Modular Structure, and Applied Potentials. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3032. [PMID: 31993038 PMCID: PMC6971178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important bioinsecticide used worldwide is Bacillus thuringiensis and its hallmark is a rich variety of insecticidal Cry protein, many of which have been genetically engineered for expression in transgenic crops. Over the past 20 years, the discovery of other insecticidal proteins and metabolites synthesized by B. thuringiensis, including chitinases, antimicrobial peptides, vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), and siderophores, has expanded the applied value of this bacterium for use as an antibacterial, fungicidal, and nematicidal resource. These properties allow us to view B. thuringiensis not only as an entity for the production of a particular metabolite, but also as a multifaceted microbial factory. In particular, chitinases of B. thuringiensis are secreted enzymes that hydrolyze chitin, an abundant molecule in the biosphere, second only to cellulose. The observation that chitinases increase the insecticidal activity of Cry proteins has stimulated further study of these enzymes produced by B. thuringiensis. Here, we provide a review of a subset of our knowledge of B. thuringiensis chitinases as it relates to their phylogenetic relationships, regulation of expression, biotechnological potential for controlling entomopathogens, fungi, and nematodes, and their use in generating chitin-derived oligosaccharides (ChOGs) that possess antibacterial activities against a number of clinically significant bacterial pathogens. Recent advances in the structural organization of these enzymes are also discussed, as are our perspective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Martínez-Zavala
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Uriel E Barboza-Pérez
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Hernández-Guzmán
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, United States
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7
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Li Z, Xia C, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao Y, Li C, Zhou J, Zhang L, Ye X, Huang Y, Cui Z. Identification of an endo-chitinase from Corallococcus sp. EGB and evaluation of its antifungal properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:1235-1243. [PMID: 30980875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the main component of the fungal cell wall, chitin has been regarded as an optimal molecular target for the biocontrol of plant-pathogenic fungi. In this study, the chitin hydrolase CcCti1, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH 18) and exhibits potential antifungal activity, was identified from Corallococcus sp. EGB. CcCti1 lacks a fibronectin type-III (FN3) domain that is present in similar enzymes from most genera of myxobacteria, indicating that CcCti1 may have acquired chitinase activity due to the FN3 domain deletion during myxobacterial evolution. CcCti1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with a specific activity of up to 10.5 U/μmol with colloidal chitin as the substrate. Product analysis showed that CcCti1 could hydrolyze chitin into N-acetylated chitohexaose (GlcNAc)6 as the major product, in addition to chitooligosaccharides. The analysis of biochemical properties indicated that the CBD and FN3 domains in CcCti1 determine the substrate affinity and pH stability. Otherwise, CcCti1 exhibited efficient biocontrol activity against the plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting the conidia germination and appressoria formation at a concentration of 0.08 mg/mL. Overall, the chitohexaose-producing chitinase CcCti1 with hydrolytic features may find potential application in chitin conversion and biocontrol of fungal plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Expression of ChiA74∆sp and its truncated versions in Bacillus thuringiensis HD1 using a vegetative promoter maintains the integrity and toxicity of native Cry1A toxins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Juárez-Hernández EO, Casados-Vázquez LE, Brieba LG, Torres-Larios A, Jimenez-Sandoval P, Barboza-Corona JE. The crystal structure of the chitinase ChiA74 of Bacillus thuringiensis has a multidomain assembly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2591. [PMID: 30796308 PMCID: PMC6385353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no structural information about any chitinase synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis, the most successful microbial insect larvicide used worldwide. In this study, we solved the 3D structure of the chitinase ChiA74 at 2.26 Å. The crystal structure shows that ChiA74 is composed of a modular arrangement formed by (i) a catalytic region (CD), (ii) a chitinase insertion domain (CID), (iii) a fibronectin type III domain (FnIII), and (iv) a chitin binding domain (CBD). The location of the CBD with respect to the CD has no structural similarity to other chitinases with known structures. The activity of a ChiA74 lacking its secretion signal peptide (ChiA74Δsp) and a truncated version lacking its CBD/FnIII domains (ChiA74Δsp-50) did not have statistical differences in activity against colloidal chitin. However, ChiA74Δsp exhibits 4.5 and 2.0 higher activity than versions lacking the CBD (ChiA74Δsp-60) and CBD/FnIII domains (ChiA74Δsp-50), respectively, when crystalline chitin was used as substrate. Our data suggest that the CBD might plays a significant role in crystalline chitin hydrolysis. We also demonstrated the importance of the catalytic E211 in the CD, as mutants ChiA74ΔspE211N and ChiA74ΔspD207N, E211N were inactive against colloidal and crystalline chitins, chitosan and 4-MU-GlcNAc3. ChiA74 has a processive activity producing oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP) of 1 (GlcNAc) and 2 (GlcNAc2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania O Juárez-Hernández
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Posgrado en Biociencias, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, Mexico
| | - Luz E Casados-Vázquez
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Posgrado en Biociencias, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, Mexico.,Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Alimentos, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, Mexico
| | - Luis G Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (LANGEBIO-CINVESTAV), Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-243, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (LANGEBIO-CINVESTAV), Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, Mexico.
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Posgrado en Biociencias, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, Mexico. .,Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Alimentos, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, Mexico.
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Honda S, Kimura M, Wakita S, Oka Y, Kawakita M, Oyama F, Sakaguchi M. The Listeria innocua chitinase LinChi78 has a unique region that is necessary for hydrolytic activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1777-1787. [PMID: 30610281 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are generally composed of multiple domains; a catalytic domain and one or more additional domains that are not absolutely required but may modify the chitinolytic activity. The LinChi78 chitinase from Listeria innocua has a catalytic domain (CatD), a fibronectin type III-like (FnIII) domain, a chitin-binding domain (ChBD), and an unknown-function region (UFR) located between the CatD and FnIII domains. The UFR is 146 amino acid residues in length and does not have a homologous domain in the Conserved Domain Database. We performed a functional analysis of these domains and the UFR using several C-terminally and internally deleted mutants of LinChi78. Hydrolysis of an artificial substrate was almost unaffected by deletion of the ChBD and/or the FnIII domain, although the ChBD-deleted enzymes were approximately 30% less active toward colloidal chitin than LinChi78. On the other hand, deletion of the UFR led to an extensive loss of chitinase activity toward an artificial substrate as well as polymeric substrates. Upon further analysis, we found that the GKQTI stretch, between the 567th (G) and 571th (I) amino acid residues, in the UFR is critical for LinChi78 activity and demonstrated that Gln569 and Ile571 play central roles in eliciting this activity. Taken together, these results indicated that LinChi78 has a unique catalytic region composed of a typical CatD and an additional region that is essential for activity. Characterization of the unique catalytic region of LinChi78 will improve our understanding of GH18 chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yuji Oka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masao Kawakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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Vaikuntapu PR, Mallakuntla MK, Das SN, Bhuvanachandra B, Ramakrishna B, Nadendla SR, Podile AR. Applicability of endochitinase of Flavobacterium johnsoniae with transglycosylation activity in generating long-chain chitooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Pacheco-Cano RD, Salcedo-Hernández R, López-Meza JE, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. Antimicrobial activity of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar Avenger against pathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and yeast. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:126-135. [PMID: 29112318 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to show whether the edible part of broccoli has antibacterial and antifungal activity against micro-organism of importance in human health and vegetable spoilage, and to test if this effect was partially due to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). METHODS AND RESULTS Crude extracts were obtained from florets and stems of broccoli cultivar Avenger and the inhibitory effect was demonstrated against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Proteus vulgaris), phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Asperigillus niger) and yeasts (Candida albicans and Rhodotorula sp.). It was shown that samples treated with proteolytic enzymes had a reduction of approximately 60% in antibacterial activity against Staph. xylosus, suggesting that proteinaceous compounds might play a role in the inhibitory effect. Antimicrobial components in crude extracts were thermoresistant and the highest activity was observed under acidic conditions. It was shown that antifungal activity of broccoli's crude extracts might not be attributed to chitinases. CONCLUSIONS Organic broccoli cultivar Avenger has antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, yeast and phytophatogenic fungi. Data suggest that this effect is partially due to AMPs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Broccoli's crude extracts have activity not only against pathogenic bacteria but also against phytophatogenic fungi of importance in agriculture. We suggest for first time that the inhibitory effect is probably due to AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Pacheco-Cano
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - R Salcedo-Hernández
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.,Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - J E López-Meza
- Center of Multidisciplinary Studies in Biotechnology, Michoacan University of Saint Nicholas of Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - D K Bideshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - J E Barboza-Corona
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.,Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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