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Ji T, Liaqat F, Khazi MI, Liaqat N, Nawaz MZ, Zhu D. Lignin biotransformation: Advances in enzymatic valorization and bioproduction strategies. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2024; 216:118759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang P, Long L, Ding S. A novel cellulolytic/xylanolytic SbAA14 from Sordaria brevicollis with a branched chain preference and its synergistic effects with glycoside hydrolases on lignocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129504. [PMID: 38228212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the novel auxiliary activity (AA) family 14 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) SbAA14 from Sordaria brevicollis was successfully characterized. It was active against heteroxylan, xyloglucan and cellulose in β-cellulose and released native oligosaccharides and corresponding C1- and/or C4-oxidized products. SbAA14 showed a branched chain preference, because partial removal of arabinosyl substituents from heteroxylan led to a decrease in activity. SbAA14 had synergistic effects with the debranching enzyme EpABF62C in an enzyme- and ascorbic acid-dependent manner. SbAA14 had synergistic effects with the GH10 endoxylanase EpXYN1, and the degree of synergy was greater with step-by-step addition than with simultaneous addition. SbAA14 could also synergize with Celluclast® 1.5 L on NaOH-pretreated wheat straw and on NaOH-pretreated and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC)-H2SO4-pretreated bamboo substrates. The greatest synergistic effect between SbAA14 and Celluclast® 1.5 L was observed for HPAC-H2SO4-200 mM pretreated bamboo, in which the degree of synergy reached approximately 1.61. The distinctive substrate preference of SbAA14 indicated that it is a novel AA14 LPMO that may act mainly on heteroxylan with numerous arabinosyl substituents between cellulose fibers rather than on recalcitrant xylan tightly associated with cellulose. These findings broaden the understanding of enigmatic AA14 LPMOs and provide new insights into the substrate specificities and biological functionalities of AA14 LPMOs in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Chen
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangkun Long
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Guo X, An Y, Lu F, Liu F, Wang B. Efficient Secretory Production of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase BaLPMO10 and Its Application in Plant Biomass Conversion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119710. [PMID: 37298661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) can oxidatively break the glycosidic bonds of crystalline cellulose, providing more actionable sites for cellulase to facilitate the conversion of cellulose to cello-oligosaccharides, cellobiose and glucose. In this work, a bioinformatics analysis of BaLPMO10 revealed that it is a hydrophobic, stable and secreted protein. By optimizing the fermentation conditions, the highest protein secretion level was found at a IPTG concentration of 0.5 mM and 20 h of fermentation at 37 °C, with a yield of 20 mg/L and purity > 95%. The effect of metal ions on the enzyme activity of BaLPMO10 was measured, and it was found that 10 mM Ca2+ and Na+ increased the enzyme activity by 47.8% and 98.0%, respectively. However, DTT, EDTA and five organic reagents inhibited the enzyme activity of BaLPMO10. Finally, BaLPMO10 was applied in biomass conversion. The degradation of corn stover pretreated with different steam explosions was performed. BaLPMO10 and cellulase had the best synergistic degradation effect on corn stover pretreated at 200 °C for 12 min, improving reducing sugars by 9.2% compared to cellulase alone. BaLPMO10 was found to be the most efficient for ethylenediamine-pretreated Caragana korshinskii by degrading three different biomasses, increasing the content of reducing sugars by 40.5% compared to cellulase alone following co-degradation with cellulase for 48 h. The results of scanning electron microscopy revealed that BaLPMO10 disrupted the structure of Caragana korshinskii, making its surface coarse and poriferous, which increased the accessibility of other enzymes and thus promoted the process of conversion. These findings provide guidance for improving the efficiency of enzymatic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yajing An
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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Qin X, Yang K, Zou J, Wang X, Tu T, Wang Y, Su X, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Heterologous expression and characterization of novel GH12 β-glucanase and AA10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Streptomyces megaspores and their synergistic action in cellulose saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:89. [PMID: 37221623 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of cellulase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is known to boost enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. Although the synergy between cellulases (GH5, 6 or 7) and LPMOs (AA9) has been extensively studied, the interplay between other glycoside hydrolase and LPMO families remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, two cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes SmBglu12A and SmLpmo10A from Streptomyces megaspores were identified and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant SmBglu12A is a non-typical endo-β-1,4-glucanase that preferentially hydrolyzed β-1,3-1,4-glucans and slightly hydrolyzed β-1,4-glucans and belongs to GH12 family. The recombinant SmLpmo10A belongs to a C1-oxidizing cellulose-active LPMO that catalyzed the oxidation of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose to produce celloaldonic acids. Moreover, individual SmBglu12A and SmLpmo10A were both active on barley β-1,3-1,4-glucan, lichenan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, phosphoric acid swollen cellulose, as well as Avicel. Furthermore, the combination of SmBglu12A and SmLpmo10A enhanced enzymatic saccharification of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose by improving the native and oxidized cello-oligosaccharides yields. CONCLUSIONS These results proved for the first time that the AA10 LPMO was able to boost the catalytic efficiency of GH12 glycoside hydrolases on cellulosic substrates, providing another novel combination of glycoside hydrolase and LPMO for cellulose enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liu Y, Ma W, Fang X. The Role of the Residue at Position 2 in the Catalytic Activity of AA9 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098300. [PMID: 37176008 PMCID: PMC10179388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent metalloenzymes that play a major role in cellulose degradation and plant infection. Understanding the AA9 LPMO mechanism would facilitate the improvement of plant pathogen control and the industrial application of LPMOs. Herein, via point mutation, we investigated the role of glycine 2 residue in cellulose degradation by Thermoascus aurantiacus AA9 LPMOs (TaAA9). A computational simulation showed that increasing the steric properties of this residue by replacing glycine with threonine or tyrosine altered the H-bonding network of the copper center and copper coordination geometry, decreased the surface charge of the catalytic center, weakened the TaAA9-substrate interaction, and enhanced TaAA9-product binding. Compared with wild-type TaAA9, G2T-TaAA9 and G2Y-TaAA9 variants showed attenuated copper affinity, reduced oxidative product diversity and decreased substrate Avicel binding, as determined using ITC, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and cellulose binding analyses, respectively. Consistently, the enzymatic activity and synergy with cellulase of the G2T-TaAA9 and G2Y-TaAA9 variants were lower than those of TaAA9. Hence, the investigated residue crucially affects the catalytic activity of AA9 LPMOs, and we propose that the electropositivity of copper may correlate with AA9 LPMO activity. Thus, the relationship among the amino acid at position 2, surface charge and catalytic activity may facilitate an understanding of the proteins in AA9 LPMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Rosolen RR, Horta MAC, de Azevedo PHC, da Silva CC, Sforca DA, Goldman GH, de Souza AP. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of potential biotechnological strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma reesei. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:735-754. [PMID: 37017807 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum are widely used as commercial biocontrol agents against plant diseases. Recently, T. harzianum IOC-3844 (Th3844) and T. harzianum CBMAI-0179 (Th0179) demonstrated great potential in the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Herein, we performed whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the Th3844 and Th0179 strains. To assess the genetic diversity within the genus Trichoderma, the results of both strains were compared with strains of T. atroviride CBMAI-00020 (Ta0020) and T. reesei CBMAI-0711 (Tr0711). The sequencing coverage value of all genomes evaluated in this study was higher than that of previously reported genomes for the same species of Trichoderma. The resulting assembly revealed total lengths of 40 Mb (Th3844), 39 Mb (Th0179), 36 Mb (Ta0020), and 32 Mb (Tr0711). A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis provided details on the relationships of the newly sequenced species with other Trichoderma species. Structural variants revealed genomic rearrangements among Th3844, Th0179, Ta0020, and Tr0711 relative to the T. reesei QM6a reference genome and showed the functional effects of such variants. In conclusion, the findings presented herein allow the visualization of genetic diversity in the evaluated strains and offer opportunities to explore such fungal genomes in future biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Rossi Rosolen
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Augusta Crivelente Horta
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Campiteli de Azevedo
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina da Silva
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Augusto Sforca
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Li T, Yin H. Comparative studies of two AA10 family lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Bacillus thuringiensis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14670. [PMID: 36684673 PMCID: PMC9851047 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis, known to be one of the most important biocontrol microorganisms, contains three AA10 family lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in its genome. In previous reports, two of them, BtLPMO10A and BtLPMO10B, have been preliminarily characterized. However, some important biochemical features and substrate preference, as well as their potential applications in chitin degradation, still deserve further investigation. Results from present study showed that both BtLPMO10A and BtLPMO10B exhibit similar catalytic domains as well as highly conserved substrate-binding planes. However, unlike BtLPMO10A, which has comparable binding ability to both crystalline and amorphous form of chitins, BtLPMO10B exhibited much stronger binding ability to colloidal chitin, which mainly attribute to its carbohydrate-binding module-5 (CBM5). Interestingly, the relative high binding ability of BtLPMO10B to colloidal chitin does not lead to high catalytic activity of the enzyme. In contrast, the enzyme exhibited higher activity on β-chitin. Further experiments showed that the binding of BtLPMO10B to colloidal chitin was mainly non-productive, indicating a complicated role for CBM5 in LPMO activity. Furthermore, synergistic experiments demonstrated that both LPMOs boosted the activity of the chitinase, and the higher efficiency of BtLPMO10A can be overridden by BtLPMO10B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Zhang
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Haichuan Zhou
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tang Li
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Biotechnology Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Tong X, He Z, Zheng L, Pande H, Ni Y. Enzymatic treatment processes for the production of cellulose nanomaterials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120199. [PMID: 36876810 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years because of their unique properties. Commercial or semi-commercial production of nanocellulose has been reported in recent years. Mechanical treatments for nanocellulose production are viable but highly energy-intensive. Chemical processes are well reported; however, these chemical processes are not only costly, but also cause environmental concerns and end-use related challenges. This review summarizes recent researches on enzymatic treatment of cellulose fibers for the production of cellulose nanomaterials, with focus on novel enzymatic processes with xylanase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) to enhance the efficacy of cellulase. Different enzymes are discussed, including endoglucanase, exoglucanase and xylanase, as well as LPMO, with emphasis on the accessibility and hydrolytic specificity of LPMO enzymes to cellulose fiber structures. LPMO acts in a synergistic way with cellulase to cause significant physical and chemical changes to the cellulose fiber cell-wall structures, which facilitate the nano-fibrillation of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada.
| | - Linqiang Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada
| | - Harshad Pande
- Domtar Corporation, 395 Blvd Maisonneuve West, Montreal, PQ H3A 1L6, Canada
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada
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Cellulose-degrading enzymes: key players in biorefinery development. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Guo X, An Y, Liu F, Lu F, Wang B. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase - A new driving force for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127803. [PMID: 35995343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) can catalyze polysaccharides by oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds and have catalytic activity for cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, starch and pectin, thus playing an important role in the biomass conversion of lignocellulose. The catalytic substrates of LPMOs are different and the specific catalytic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Although there have been many studies related to LPMOs, few have actually been put into industrial biomass conversion, which poses a challenge for their expression, regulation and application. In this review, the origin, substrate specificity, structural features, and the relationship between structure and function of LPMOs are described. Additionally, the catalytic mechanism and electron donor of LPMOs and their heterologous expression and regulation are discussed. Finally, the synergistic degradation of biomass by LPMOs with other polysaccharide hydrolases is reviewed, and their current problems and future research directions are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Yajing An
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
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Analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes and sugar transporters in Penicillium echinulatum: A genome-wide comparative study of the fungal lignocellulolytic system. Gene 2022; 822:146345. [PMID: 35189252 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium echinulatum 2HH is an ascomycete well known for its production of cellulolytic enzymes. Understanding lignocellulolytic and sugar uptake systems is essential to obtain efficient fungi strains for the production of bioethanol. In this study we performed a genome-wide functional annotation of carbohydrate-active enzymes and sugar transporters involved in the lignocellulolytic system of P. echinulatum 2HH and S1M29 strains (wildtype and mutant, respectively) and eleven related fungi. Additionally, signal peptide and orthology prediction were carried out. We encountered a diverse assortment of cellulolytic enzymes in P. echinulatum, especially in terms of β-glucosidases and endoglucanases. Other enzymes required for the breakdown of cellulosic biomass were also found, including cellobiohydrolases, lytic cellulose monooxygenases and cellobiose dehydrogenases. The S1M29 mutant, which is known to produce an increased cellulase activity, and the 2HH wild type strain of P. echinulatum did not show significant differences between their enzymatic repertoire. Nevertheless, we unveiled an amino acid substitution for a predicted intracellular β-glucosidase of the mutant, which might contribute to hyperexpression of cellulases through a cellodextrin induction pathway. Most of the P. echinulatum enzymes presented orthologs in P. oxalicum 114-2, supporting the presence of highly similar cellulolytic mechanisms and a close phylogenetic relationship between these fungi. A phylogenetic analysis of intracellular β-glucosidases and sugar transporters allowed us to identify several proteins potentially involved in the accumulation of intracellular cellodextrins. These may prove valuable targets in the genetic engineering of P. echinulatum focused on industrial cellulases production. Our study marks an important step in characterizing and understanding the molecular mechanisms employed by P. echinulatum in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Li Y, Li T, Guo J, Wang G, Chen G. Expression and characterization of a novel lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, PdLPMO9A, from the edible fungus Pleurotus djamor and its synergistic interactions with cellulase in corn straw biomass saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126792. [PMID: 35121098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases play a unique role in biomass saccharification. A novel gene, PdLPMO9A, from Pleurotus djamor, was reported to be upregulated during the degradation of corn straw in our previous research. However, very little information is available on PdLPMO9A. Therefore, PdLPMO9A was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, and biophysical characterisitics of the recombinant protein PdLPMO9A were investigated; it was shown to have superior thermostability and pH stability. PdLPMO9A markedly improved the cellulase-mediated saccharification of corn straw, when the dosage of PdLPMO9A was 0.66 mg/g corn straw and hydrolysis time was 48 h. When CuSO4 was added at a concentration of 0.1 mM, glucose yield rose by a further 28.16%. In light of these findings, it was concluded that PdLPMO9A has the potential to function as an essential component of a cellulase cocktail capable of ensuring the saccharification of corn straw biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China; Key laboratory of straw comprehensive utilization and black soil conservation, Education Ministry of China, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Tongbing Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Juntong Guo
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China; Key laboratory of straw comprehensive utilization and black soil conservation, Education Ministry of China, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China; Key laboratory of straw comprehensive utilization and black soil conservation, Education Ministry of China, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
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Long L, Sun L, Ding D, Chen K, Lin Q, Ding S. Two C1-oxidizing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora enhance the saccharification of wheat straw by a commercial cellulase cocktail. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Insights into the Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzyme System of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea Based on Genome and Transcriptome Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0108821. [PMID: 34523973 PMCID: PMC8557918 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01088-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humicola grisea var. thermoidea is a thermophilic ascomycete and important enzyme producer that has an efficient enzymatic system with a broad spectrum of thermostable carbohydrate-active (CAZy) enzymes. These enzymes can be employed in lignocellulose biomass deconstruction and other industrial applications. In this work, the genome of H. grisea var. thermoidea was sequenced. The acquired sequence reads were assembled into a total length of 28.75 Mbp. Genome features correlate with what was expected for thermophilic Sordariomycetes. The transcriptomic data showed that sugarcane bagasse significantly upregulated genes related to primary metabolism and polysaccharide deconstruction, especially hydrolases, at both pH 5 and pH 8. However, a number of exclusive and shared genes between the pH values were found, especially at pH 8. H. grisea expresses an average of 211 CAZy enzymes (CAZymes), which are capable of acting in different substrates. The top upregulated genes at both pH values represent CAZyme-encoding genes from different classes, including acetylxylan esterase, endo-1,4-β-mannosidase, exoglucanase, and endoglucanase genes. For the first time, the arsenal that the thermophilic fungus H. grisea var. thermoidea possesses to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass is shown. Carbon source and pH are of pivotal importance in regulating gene expression in this organism, and alkaline pH is a key regulatory factor for sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. This work paves the way for the genetic manipulation and robust biotechnological applications of this fungus. IMPORTANCE Most studies regarding the use of fungi as enzyme producers for biomass deconstruction have focused on mesophile species, whereas the potential of thermophiles has been evaluated less. This study revealed, through genome and transcriptome analyses, the genetic repertoire of the biotechnological relevant thermophile fungus Humicola grisea. Comparative genomics helped us to further understand the biology and biotechnological potential of H. grisea. The results demonstrate that this fungus possesses an arsenal of carbohydrate-active (CAZy) enzymes to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass. Indeed, it expresses more than 200 genes encoding CAZy enzymes when cultivated in sugarcane bagasse. Carbon source and pH are key factors for regulating the gene expression in this organism. This work shows, for the first time, the great potential of H. grisea as an enzyme producer and a gene donor for biotechnological applications and provides the base for the genetic manipulation and robust biotechnological applications of this fungus.
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Sethupathy S, Morales GM, Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Sun J, Zhu D. Harnessing microbial wealth for lignocellulose biomass valorization through secretomics: a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:154. [PMID: 34225772 PMCID: PMC8256616 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a major constraint to its high-value use at industrial scale. In nature, microbes play a crucial role in biomass degradation, nutrient recycling and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, the use of microbes is an attractive way to transform biomass to produce clean energy and high-value compounds. The microbial degradation of lignocelluloses is a complex process which is dependent upon multiple secreted enzymes and their synergistic activities. The availability of the cutting edge proteomics and highly sensitive mass spectrometry tools make possible for researchers to probe the secretome of microbes and microbial consortia grown on different lignocelluloses for the identification of hydrolytic enzymes of industrial interest and their substrate-dependent expression. This review summarizes the role of secretomics in identifying enzymes involved in lignocelluloses deconstruction, the development of enzyme cocktails and the construction of synthetic microbial consortia for biomass valorization, providing our perspectives to address the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasamy Sethupathy
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gabriel Murillo Morales
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Rational design of signal peptides for improved MtC1LPMO production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:262-269. [PMID: 33561461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput screening system was established by employing enhanced green fluorescent protein as a screenable fusion tag to evaluate the expression and secretion of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (MtC1LPMO) using 20 Sec-type signal peptides (SPs) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 111018. Among these, 10 SPs were found to be better than the native SP of MtC1LPMO. The protein expression and secretion levels using SP12 (MNITNWAAILQLQSMALQSISNTGTASS) were the highest among all SPs, with 4.1- and 2.1-fold increases over the native SP, respectively. Then, the amino acids of the 10 best SPs were analyzed, and the results indicated that the most abundant amino acid of the N-region was K, those of the H-region were L, F, A and V, and the C-region contained an AXA motif. Additionally, we found that the protein expression level gradually improved along with the increasing folding free energies of the SP-encoding part of the mRNA. Finally, the SPs were rationally designed to improve the expression and secretion level of MtC1LPMO. An increased positive charge of the SP N-region was found to enhance the protein expression and secretion level, as long as the folding free energy of the mRNA did not change significantly.
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Cheng C, Haider J, Liu P, Yang J, Tan Z, Huang T, Lin J, Jiang M, Liu H, Zhu L. Engineered LPMO Significantly Boosting Cellulase-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Cellulose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15257-15266. [PMID: 33290065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) play a crucial role in the enzymatic depolymerization of cellulose through oxidative cleavage of the glycosidic bond in the highly recalcitrant crystalline cellulose region. Improving the activity of LPMOs is of considerable importance for second-generation biorefinery. In this study, we identified a beneficial amino acid substitution (N526S) located in the cellulose binding module (CBM) of HcLPMO10 (LPMO of Hahella chejuensis) using directed evolution. The improved variant HcLPMO10 M1 (N526S) exhibits 2.1-fold higher activity for the H2O2 production, 2.7-fold higher oxidation activity, and 1.9-fold higher binding capacity toward cellulose compared with those of the wild type (WT). Furthermore, M1 shows 2.1-fold higher activity for degradation of crystalline cellulose in synergy with cellulase, compared to the WT. Structural analysis through molecular modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that the substitution N526S located in the CBM likely stabilizes the cellulose binding surface and enhances the binding capacity of HcLPMO10 to cellulose, thereby enhancing enzyme activity. These findings demonstrate the important role of the CBM in the catalytic function of LPMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Pi Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Tianchen Huang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
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18
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Zhou X, Xu Z, He J, Li Y, Pan C, Wang C, Deng MR, Zhu H. A myxobacterial LPMO10 has oxidizing cellulose activity for promoting biomass enzymatic saccharification of agricultural crop straws. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124217. [PMID: 33096440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Myxobacteria are soil microorganisms with the ability to break down biological macromolecules due to the secretion of a large number of extracellular enzymes, but there has been no research report on myxobacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). In this study, two LPMO10s, ViLPMO10A and ViLPMO10B, from myxobacterium Vitiosangium sp. GDMCC 1.1324 were characterized. Of which, ViLPMO10B is a C1-oxidizing cellulose-active LPMO. Moreover, ViLPMO10B could decrease the degree of polymerization of crop straws cellulose and synergize with commercial cellulase to promote the saccharification. When the weight ratio of commercial cellulase to ViLPMO10B was 9:1, the conversion efficiency of corn stalk, sugarcane bagasse, and rice straw into reducing sugar was improved by 17%, 16%, and 22%, respectively, compared with commercial cellulase without ViLPMO10B. These results indicate that ViLPMO10B has the potential to be a component of a high-efficient cellulase cocktail and has application value in the saccharification of agricultural residual biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yueqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chengxiang Pan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ming-Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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19
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Shi Y, Chen K, Long L, Ding S. A highly xyloglucan active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase EpLPMO9A from Eupenicillium parvum 4-14 shows boosting effect on hydrolysis of complex lignocellulosic substrates. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:202-213. [PMID: 33271180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The recently identified lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are important auxiliary proteins which contribute to lignocellulose biodegradation by oxidatively cleaving the glycosidic bonds in cellulose and other polysaccharides. The vast differences in terms of substrate specificity and regioselectivity within LPMOs provide us new possibilities to find promising candidates for the use in enzyme cocktails in biorefinery applications. In this study, a highly xyloglucan active family AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase EpLPMO9A was identified from Eupenicillium parvum 4-14. EpLPMO9A exhibited a mixed C1/C4 oxidative cleavage activity on cellulose and xyloglucan with a broad range of pH stability and good thermal stability at 40 °C. It showed a higher boosting effect on the enzymatic saccharification of complex lignocellulosic substrates associated with xyloglucan than on the lignocellulosic substrates without xyloglucan particularly in low commercial cellulase dosage cases. The oxidative cleavage of xyloglucan by EpLPMO9A may facilitate to open up the sterical hindrance of cellulose by xyloglucan and thereby increase accessibility for cellulase to lignocellulosic substrates. The discovery of more and more hemicellulose-active LPMOs and their contribution to breaking down the barriers by oxidatively acting on hemicellulose may expand our knowledge for their functions of LPMOs in lignocellulose biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Shi
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixiang Chen
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangkun Long
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Corrêa CL, Midorikawa GEO, Filho EXF, Noronha EF, Alves GSC, Togawa RC, Silva-Junior OB, Costa MMDC, Grynberg P, Miller RNG. Transcriptome Profiling-Based Analysis of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes in Aspergillus terreus Involved in Plant Biomass Degradation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:564527. [PMID: 33123513 PMCID: PMC7573219 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.564527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the global abundance of plant biomass residues, potential exists in biorefinery-based applications with lignocellulolytic fungi. Frequently isolated from agricultural cellulosic materials, Aspergillus terreus is a fungus efficient in secretion of commercial enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases and phytases. In the context of biomass saccharification, lignocellulolytic enzyme secretion was analyzed in a strain of A. terreus following liquid culture with sugarcane bagasse (SB) (1% w/v) and soybean hulls (SH) (1% w/v) as sole carbon source, in comparison to glucose (G) (1% w/v). Analysis of the fungal secretome revealed a maximum of 1.017 UI.mL–1 xylanases after growth in minimal medium with SB, and 1.019 UI.mL–1 after incubation with SH as carbon source. The fungal transcriptome was characterized on SB and SH, with gene expression examined in comparison to equivalent growth on G as carbon source. Over 8000 genes were identified, including numerous encoding enzymes and transcription factors involved in the degradation of the plant cell wall, with significant expression modulation according to carbon source. Eighty-nine carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-encoding genes were identified following growth on SB, of which 77 were differentially expressed. These comprised 78% glycoside hydrolases, 8% carbohydrate esterases, 2.5% polysaccharide lyases, and 11.5% auxiliary activities. Analysis of the glycoside hydrolase family revealed significant up-regulation for genes encoding 25 different GH family proteins, with predominance for families GH3, 5, 7, 10, and 43. For SH, from a total of 91 CAZyme-encoding genes, 83 were also significantly up-regulated in comparison to G. These comprised 80% glycoside hydrolases, 7% carbohydrate esterases, 5% polysaccharide lyases, 7% auxiliary activities (AA), and 1% glycosyltransferases. Similarly, within the glycoside hydrolases, significant up-regulation was observed for genes encoding 26 different GH family proteins, with predominance again for families GH3, 5, 10, 31, and 43. A. terreus is a promising species for production of enzymes involved in the degradation of plant biomass. Given that this fungus is also able to produce thermophilic enzymes, this first global analysis of the transcriptome following cultivation on lignocellulosic carbon sources offers considerable potential for the application of candidate genes in biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Corrêa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Glaucia E O Midorikawa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Ferreira Noronha
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S C Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roberto Coiti Togawa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Robert N G Miller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
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21
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Recombinant chimeric enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Guo X, Sang J, Chai C, An Y, Wei Z, Zhang H, Ma L, Dai Y, Lu F, Liu F. A lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Myceliophthora thermophila C1 and its characterization in cleavage of glycosidic chain of cellulose. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Sun P, Frommhagen M, Kleine Haar M, van Erven G, Bakx EJ, van Berkel WJH, Kabel MA. Mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns discriminate C1- and C4-oxidised cello-oligosaccharides from their non-oxidised and reduced forms. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115917. [PMID: 32070536 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are powerful enzymes that degrade recalcitrant polysaccharides, such as cellulose. However, the identification of LPMO-generated C1- and/or C4-oxidised oligosaccharides is far from straightforward. In particular, their fragmentation patterns have not been well established when using mass spectrometry. Hence, we studied the fragmentation behaviours of non-, C1- and C4-oxidised cello-oligosaccharides, including their sodium borodeuteride-reduced forms, by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography and negative ion mode collision induced dissociation - mass spectrometry. Non-oxidised cello-oligosaccharides showed predominantly C- and A-type cleavages. In comparison, C4-oxidised ones underwent B-/Y- and X-cleavage close to the oxidised non-reducing end, while closer to the reducing end C-/Z- and A-fragmentation predominated. C1-oxidised cello-oligosaccharides showed extensively A-cleavage. Reduced oligosaccharides showed predominant glycosidic bond cleavage, both B-/Y- and C-/Z-, close to the non-reducing end. Our findings provide signature mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns to unambiguously elucidate the catalytic behaviour and classification of LPMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Matthias Frommhagen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maloe Kleine Haar
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Edwin J Bakx
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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24
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Roy A, Jayaprakash A, Rajeswary T R, Annamalai A, Lakshmi PTV. Genome-wide annotation, comparison and functional genomics of carbohydrate-active enzymes in legumes infecting Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales. Mycology 2020; 11:56-70. [PMID: 32128282 PMCID: PMC7033727 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1706656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by soil borne ascomycetes fungi Fusarium oxysporum which has host-specific forms known as formae speciales (ff. spp.), apparently requires plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) for successful invasion. In this study, 12 F. oxysporum ff. spp. were taken for genome-wide annotation and comparative analysis of CAZymes, with an assessment of secretory PCWDE and orthologues identification in the three legumes infecting ff. spp. Further, transcriptomic analysis in two legumes infecting ff. spp. using publically available data was also done. The comparative studies showed Glycoside hydrolase (GH) families to be abundant and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) formed two distinct clusters of ff. spp. based on the CAZymes modules and families. Nearly half of the CAZymes in the legumes infecting ff. spp. coded for signal peptides. The orthologue clusters of secretory CAZymes common in all the three legume infecting ff. spp. mostly belonged to families of AA9, GH28, CE5 and PL1 and the expression analysis revealed the abundant PCWDE were differentially expressed in these legumes infecting ff. spp. Therefore, this study gave an insight into the distribution of CAZymes especially extracellular PCWDE in legumes infecting ff. spp. with further shedding light onto some of the key PCWDE families through differential expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Roy
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Raja Rajeswary T
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - A. Annamalai
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Villupuram, India
| | - PTV Lakshmi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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25
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Zhou H, Li T, Yu Z, Ju J, Zhang H, Tan H, Li K, Yin H. A lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Myceliophthora thermophila and its synergism with cellobiohydrolases in cellulose hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:570-576. [PMID: 31381927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have attracted vast attention because of their unique mechanism of oxidative degradation of carbohydrate polymers and the potential application in biorefineries. This study characterized a novel LPMO from Myceliophthora thermophila, denoted MtLPMO9L. The structure model of the enzyme indicated that it belongs to the C1-oxidizing LPMO, which has neither an extra helix in the L3 loop nor extra loop region in the L2 loop. This was confirmed subsequently by the enzymatic assays since MtLPMO9L only acts on cellulose and generates C1-oxidized cello-oligosaccharides. Moreover, synergetic experiments showed that MtLPMO9L significantly improves the efficiency of cellobiohydrolase (CBH) II. In contrast, the inhibitory rather than synergetic effect was observed when combining used MtLPMO9L and CBHI. Changing the incubation time and concentration ratio of MtLPMO9L and CBHI could attenuate the inhibitory effects. This discovery suggests a different synergy detail between MtLPMO9L and two CBHs, which implies that the composition of cellulase cocktails may need reconsideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Zhou
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tang Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zuochen Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiu Ju
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian 116023, China.
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Champreda V, Mhuantong W, Lekakarn H, Bunterngsook B, Kanokratana P, Zhao XQ, Zhang F, Inoue H, Fujii T, Eurwilaichitr L. Designing cellulolytic enzyme systems for biorefinery: From nature to application. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:637-654. [PMID: 31204199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzymes play a key role on conversion of lignocellulosic plant biomass to biofuels and biochemicals in sugar platform biorefineries. In this review, we survey composite carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) among groups of cellulolytic fungi and bacteria that exist under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Recent advances in designing effective cellulase mixtures are described, starting from the most complex microbial consortium-based enzyme preparations, to single-origin enzymes derived from intensively studied cellulase producers such as Trichoderma reesei, Talaromyces cellulolyticus, and Penicellium funiculosum, and the simplest minimal enzyme systems comprising selected sets of mono-component enzymes tailor-made for specific lignocellulosic substrates. We provide a comprehensive update on studies in developing high-performance cellulases for biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verawat Champreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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de Gouvêa PF, Gerolamo LE, Bernardi AV, Pereira LMS, Uyemura SA, Dinamarco TM. Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus can Improve Enzymatic Cocktail Activity During Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:377-385. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190228163629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) are auxiliary accessory
enzymes that act synergistically with cellulases and which are increasingly being used in secondgeneration
bioethanol production from biomasses. Several LPMOs have been identified in various
filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus fumigatus. However, many LPMOs have not been characterized
yet.
Objective:
To report the role of uncharacterized A. fumigatus AfAA9_B LPMO.
Methods:
qRT-PCR analysis was employed to analyze the LPMO gene expression profile in different
carbon sources. The gene encoding an AfAA9_B (Afu4g07850) was cloned into the vector pET-
28a(+), expressed in the E. coli strain RosettaTM (DE3) pLysS, and purified by a Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic
(Ni-NTA) agarose resin. To evaluate the specific LPMO activity, the purified protein peroxidase
activity was assessed. The auxiliary LPMO activity was investigated by the synergistic activity in
Celluclast 1.5L enzymatic cocktail.
Results:
LPMO was highly induced in complex biomass like sugarcane bagasse (SEB), Avicel®
PH-101, and CM-cellulose. The LPMO gene encoded a protein comprising 250 amino acids, without
a CBM domain. After protein purification, the AfAA9_B molecular mass estimated by SDSPAGE
was 35 kDa. The purified protein specific peroxidase activity was 8.33 ± 1.9 U g-1. Upon
addition to Celluclast 1.5L, Avicel® PH-101 and SEB hydrolysis increased by 18% and 22%, respectively.
Conclusion:
A. fumigatus LPMO is a promising candidate to enhance the currently available enzymatic
cocktail and can therefore be used in second-generation ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fagundes de Gouvêa
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Gerolamo
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Vianna Bernardi
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Matheus Soares Pereira
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taisa Magnani Dinamarco
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Li Y, Liu J, Wang G, Yang M, Yang X, Li T, Chen G. De novo transcriptome analysis of Pleurotus djamor to identify genes encoding CAZymes related to the decomposition of corn stalk lignocellulose. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:529-536. [PMID: 31147217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CAZymes play a very important role in the biotransformation of corn stalk biomass, which is an important resource for sustainable development. Pleurotus djamor can produce CAZymes related to the decomposition of corn stalk lignocellulose biomass in sole corn stalk substrate; however, little is known about their encoding genes. In order to identify CAZymes encoding genes, RNA high-throughput sequencing of P. djamor was performed in this study. The results showed that a core set of 70 upregulated genes encoding putative CAZymes were revealed. They encode 19 kinds of CAZymes in total, of which there are 4 EGLs, 8 CBHs, 5 BGLs, and 12 LPMOs related to cellulose degradation, 8 XYNs, 1 XYL, 2 AGUs, 3 ABFs, 2 AGLs, and 2 AXEs related to hemicellulose degradation, and 5 LACCs, 2 MnPs, 5 VPs, 3 CDHs, 1 AAO, 1 GOX, 1 AOX, 2 GAOXs, and 3 GLOXs related to lignin degradation. This variety suggests that CAZymes may play a very important role in decomposing the lignocellulose biomass of corn stalk. This is the first study to report the de novo transcriptome sequencing of P. djamor, which will produce a dataset of genes encoding CAZymes, thereby laying the foundation to elucidate the degradation mechanism of corn stalk biomass and boost the biotransformation of corn stalk biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Innovation Platform of Jilin Province for Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China.
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Innovation Platform of Jilin Province for Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Innovation Platform of Jilin Province for Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Yang
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Tongbing Li
- Innovation Platform of Jilin Province for Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Innovation Platform of Jilin Province for Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Nanguan District, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
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Bissaro B, Várnai A, Røhr ÅK, Eijsink VGH. Oxidoreductases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00029-18. [PMID: 30257993 PMCID: PMC6298611 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass constitutes an appealing alternative to fossil resources for the production of materials and energy. The abundance and attractiveness of vegetal biomass come along with challenges pertaining to the intricacy of its structure, evolved during billions of years to face and resist abiotic and biotic attacks. To achieve the daunting goal of plant cell wall decomposition, microorganisms have developed many (enzymatic) strategies, from which we seek inspiration to develop biotechnological processes. A major breakthrough in the field has been the discovery of enzymes today known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which, by catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides, allow canonical hydrolytic enzymes to depolymerize the biomass more efficiently. Very recently, it has been shown that LPMOs are not classical monooxygenases in that they can also use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. This discovery calls for a revision of our understanding of how lignocellulolytic enzymes are connected since H2O2 is produced and used by several of them. The first part of this review is dedicated to the LPMO paradigm, describing knowns, unknowns, and uncertainties. We then present different lignocellulolytic redox systems, enzymatic or not, that depend on fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on an assessment of these putatively interconnected systems, we suggest that fine-tuning of H2O2 levels and proximity between sites of H2O2 production and consumption are important for fungal biomass conversion. In the last part of this review, we discuss how our evolving understanding of redox processes involved in biomass depolymerization may translate into industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bissaro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Åsmund K Røhr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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Hüttner S, Granchi Z, Nguyen TT, van Pelt S, Larsbrink J, Thanh VN, Olsson L. Genome sequence of Rhizomucor pusillus FCH 5.7, a thermophilic zygomycete involved in plant biomass degradation harbouring putative GH9 endoglucanases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 20:e00279. [PMID: 30211016 PMCID: PMC6132078 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
R. pusillus encodes cellulose-, xylan- and chitin-degrading proteins. Two putative GH9 endoglucanases were identified. Enzyme system of R. pusillus is suited to consume easily accessible sugars. Endoglucanase and xylanase activity detected when the fungus was grown on wheat bran and xylan.
We report here the annotated draft genome sequence of the thermophilic zygomycete Rhizomucor pusillus strain FCH 5.7, isolated from compost soil in Vietnam. The genome assembly contains 25.59 Mb with an overall GC content of 44.95%, and comprises 10,898 protein coding genes. Genes encoding putative cellulose-, xylan- and chitin-degrading proteins were identified, including two putative endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4) from glycoside hydrolase family 9, which have so far been mostly assigned to bacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hüttner
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zoraide Granchi
- GenomeScan B.V., Plesmanlaan 1/D, 2333 BZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thanh Thuy Nguyen
- Centre for Industrial Microbiology, Food Industries Research Institute, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Sake van Pelt
- GenomeScan B.V., Plesmanlaan 1/D, 2333 BZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vu Nguyen Thanh
- Centre for Industrial Microbiology, Food Industries Research Institute, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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de Gouvêa PF, Bernardi AV, Gerolamo LE, de Souza Santos E, Riaño-Pachón DM, Uyemura SA, Dinamarco TM. Transcriptome and secretome analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus in the presence of sugarcane bagasse. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:232. [PMID: 29614953 PMCID: PMC5883313 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane bagasse has been proposed as a lignocellulosic residue for second-generation ethanol (2G) produced by breaking down biomass into fermentable sugars. The enzymatic cocktails for biomass degradation are mostly produced by fungi, but low cost and high efficiency can consolidate 2G technologies. A. fumigatus plays an important role in plant biomass degradation capabilities and recycling. To gain more insight into the divergence in gene expression during steam-exploded bagasse (SEB) breakdown, this study profiled the transcriptome of A. fumigatus by RNA sequencing to compare transcriptional profiles of A. fumigatus grown on media containing SEB or fructose as the sole carbon source. Secretome analysis was also performed using SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The maximum activities of cellulases (0.032 U mL-1), endo-1,4-β--xylanase (10.82 U mL-1) and endo-1,3-β glucanases (0.77 U mL-1) showed that functional CAZymes (carbohydrate-active enzymes) were secreted in the SEB culture conditions. Correlations between transcriptome and secretome data identified several CAZymes in A. fumigatus. Particular attention was given to CAZymes related to lignocellulose degradation and sugar transporters. Genes encoding glycoside hydrolase classes commonly expressed during the breakdown of cellulose, such as GH-5, 6, 7, 43, 45, and hemicellulose, such as GH-2, 10, 11, 30, 43, were found to be highly expressed in SEB conditions. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) classified as auxiliary activity families AA9 (GH61), CE (1, 4, 8, 15, 16), PL (1, 3, 4, 20) and GT (1, 2, 4, 8, 20, 35, 48) were also differentially expressed in this condition. Similarly, the most important enzymes related to biomass degradation, including endoxylanases, xyloglucanases, β-xylosidases, LPMOs, α-arabinofuranosidases, cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases, were also identified in the secretome. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a transcriptome and secretome experiment of Aspergillus fumigatus in the degradation of pretreated sugarcane bagasse. The results suggest that this strain employs important strategies for this complex degradation process. It was possible to identify a set of genes and proteins that might be applied in several biotechnology fields. This knowledge can be exploited for the improvement of 2G ethanol production by the rational design of enzymatic cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fagundes de Gouvêa
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, Chemistry Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Vianna Bernardi
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, Chemistry Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Gerolamo
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, Chemistry Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson de Souza Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Current address: Laboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taisa Magnani Dinamarco
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, Chemistry Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cologna NDMD, Gómez-Mendoza DP, Zanoelo FF, Giannesi GC, Guimarães NCDA, Moreira LRDS, Filho EXF, Ricart CAO. Exploring Trichoderma and Aspergillus secretomes: Proteomics approaches for the identification of enzymes of biotechnological interest. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 109:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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