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Vasquez YMSC, Cueva-Yesquen LG, Duarte AWF, Rosa LH, Valladão R, Lopes AR, Costa Bonugli-Santos R, de Oliveira VM. Genomics, Proteomics, and Antifungal Activity of Chitinase from the Antarctic Marine Bacterium Curtobacterium sp. CBMAI 2942. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9250. [PMID: 39273199 PMCID: PMC11395076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the genomic profile of the Antarctic marine Curtobacterium sp. CBMAI 2942, as well as to optimize the conditions for chitinase production and antifungal potential for biological control. Assembly and annotation of the genome confirmed the genomic potential for chitinase synthesis, revealing two ChBDs of chitin binding (Chi C). The optimization enzyme production using an experimental design resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in chitinase production. The chitinase enzyme was identified by SDS-PAGE and confirmed through mass spectrometry analysis. The enzymatic extract obtained using acetone showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Aspergillus sp. series Nigri CBMAI 1846. The genetic capability of Curtobacterium sp. CBMAI 2942 for chitin degradation was confirmed through genomic analysis. The basal culture medium was adjusted, and the chitinase produced by this isolate from Antarctica showed significant inhibition against Aspergillus sp. Nigri series CBMAI 1846, which is a tomato phytopathogenic fungus. This suggests that this marine bacterium could potentially be used as a biological control of agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Melissa Santa-Cruz Vasquez
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia 13148-218, SP, Brazil; (Y.M.S.-C.V.); (L.G.C.-Y.)
- Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gabriel Cueva-Yesquen
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia 13148-218, SP, Brazil; (Y.M.S.-C.V.); (L.G.C.-Y.)
- Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- Complexo de Ciências Médicas e de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca 57309-005, AL, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Valladão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Adriana Rios Lopes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Rafaella Costa Bonugli-Santos
- Instituto Latino Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu 85870-650, PR, Brazil;
| | - Valéria Maia de Oliveira
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia 13148-218, SP, Brazil; (Y.M.S.-C.V.); (L.G.C.-Y.)
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Ben Slimene Debez I, Houmani H, Mahmoudi H, Mkadmini K, Garcia-Caparros P, Debez A, Tabbene O, Djébali N, Urdaci MC. Response Surface Methodology-Based Optimization of the Chitinolytic Activity of Burkholderia contaminans Strain 614 Exerting Biological Control against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1580. [PMID: 39203422 PMCID: PMC11356717 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As part of the development of alternative and environmentally friendly control against phytopathogenic fungi, Burkholderia cepacia could be a useful species notably via the generation of hydrolytic enzymes like chitinases, which can act as a biological control agent. Here, a Burkholderia contaminans S614 strain exhibiting chitinase activity was isolated from a soil in southern Tunisia. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) was used to assess the impact of five factors (colloidal chitin, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium phosphate, yeast extract, and ammonium sulfate) on chitinase activity. B. contaminans strain 614 growing in the optimized medium showed up to a 3-fold higher chitinase activity. This enzyme was identified as beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (90.1 kDa) based on its peptide sequences, which showed high similarity to those of Burkholderia lata strain 383. Furthermore, this chitinase significantly inhibited the growth of two phytopathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea M5 and Phoma medicaginis Ph8. Interestingly, a crude enzyme from strain S614 was effective in reducing P. medicaginis damage on detached leaves of Medicago truncatula. Overall, our data provide strong arguments for the agricultural and biotechnological potential of strain S614 in the context of developing biocontrol approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Slimene Debez
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.B.S.D.); (O.T.); (N.D.)
| | - Hayet Houmani
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Henda Mahmoudi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Academic City, Near Zayed University, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaoula Mkadmini
- Useful Materials Valorization Laboratory, National Centre of Research in Materials Science, Technologic Park of Borj Cedria, BP 073, Soliman 8027, Tunisia;
| | - Pedro Garcia-Caparros
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.B.S.D.); (O.T.); (N.D.)
| | - Naceur Djébali
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.B.S.D.); (O.T.); (N.D.)
| | - Maria-Camino Urdaci
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 5248, 1 Cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175 Gradignan, France;
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Park BM, Lee J, Park YK, Yang YC, Jung BG, Lee BJ. Immune-enhancing Effects of Chitosan-fermented Feed Additive on Broiler Chickens and Subsequent Protection Conferred against Experimental Infection with Salmonella Gallinarum. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023016. [PMID: 37426541 PMCID: PMC10325949 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefits chitosan-fermented feed additives (CFFAs) particularly in the regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of CFFA (fermented by Bacillus licheniformis) on broiler chickens Salmonella Gallinarum challenge. We administered 2% or 4% CFFA evaluated its immune-enhancing effects using several immunological experiments, including examination of lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and expression of cytokines. We also evaluated the bacterial clearance effects of CFFA against S. Gallinarum. CFFA administration markedly enhanced lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma in the spleen. In broilers challenged with S. Gallinarum, the clinical signs of S. Gallinarum infection and the number of viable bacterial colonies in the feces and tissues decreased in both CFFA groups. Therefore, CFFAs could be good candidates for feed additive to improve nonspecific immune responses and bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Park
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Current address: Biology Department at Morrissey College of
Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, U.S.A
| | - Young Kyu Park
- Korea Beneficial Insects Lab. Co., Ltd., Soryong-ri,
Okgwa-myeon, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do 57507, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yang
- Korea Beneficial Insects Lab. Co., Ltd., Soryong-ri,
Okgwa-myeon, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do 57507, Republic of Korea
| | - Bock Gie Jung
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Current address: Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center
for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control, University of Texas Health Science Center
at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, U.S.A
| | - Bong Joo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Hou F, Gong Z, Jia F, Cui W, Song S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang W. Insights into the relationships of modifying methods, structure, functional properties and applications of chitin: A review. Food Chem 2023; 409:135336. [PMID: 36586263 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitin as the second plentiful polysaccharide has arouse widely attention due to its remarkable availability and biocompatibility. While the strong inter/intra molecular hydrogen bonds and crystallinity severely restrict its applications. Recently, multiple emerging technologies are increasingly used to modify chitin structure for the sake of obtaining excellent functional properties, as well as broadening the corresponding applications. Firstly, this review systematically outlines the features of single and combined methods for chitin modification. Then, the impacts of various modifying methods on the structural characteristics of chitin, including molecular weight, degree of acetylation and functional groups, are further summarized. In addition, the effects of these structural characteristics on the functional properties as well as its potential related applications are illustrated. The conclusion of this review provides better understanding of the relationships among the modifying methods, structure, properties and applications, contributing to chitin modification for the targeted purpose in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengjuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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Wei X, Sui Z, Guo M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Geng J, Xiao J, Huang D. The potential of degrading natural chitinous wastes to oligosaccharides by chitinolytic enzymes from two Talaromyces sp. isolated from rotten insects (Hermetia illucens) under solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:223-238. [PMID: 36547866 PMCID: PMC9944152 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to produce chitin oligosaccharides by hydrolyzing untreated natural chitinous waste directly. In this study, two fungi Talaromyces allahabadensis Hi-4 and Talaromyces funiculosus Hi-5 from rotten black soldier fly were isolated and identified through multigene phylogenetic and morphological analyses. The chitinolytic enzymes were produced by solid state fermentation, and the growth conditions were optimized by combining single-factor and central composite design. The best carbon sources were powder of molting of mealworms (MMP) and there was no need for additional nitrogen sources in two fungi, then the maximum chitinolytic enzyme production of 46.80 ± 3.30 (Hi-4) and 55.07 ± 2.48 (Hi-5) U/gds were achieved after analyzing the 3D response surface plots. Pure chitin (colloidal chitin) and natural chitinous substrates (represented by MMP) were used to optimize degradation abilities by crude enzymes obtained from the two fungi. The optimum temperature for hydrolyzing MMP (40 °C both in two fungi) were lower and closer to room temperature than colloidal chitin (55 °C for Hi-4 and 45 °C for Hi-5). Then colloidal chitin, MMP and the powder of shrimp shells (SSP) were used for analyzing the products after 5-day degradation. The amounts of chitin oligosaccharides from SSP and MMP were about 1/6 (Hi-4), 1/17 (Hi-5) and 1/8 (Hi-4), 1/10 (Hi-5), respectively, in comparison to colloidal chitin. The main components of the products were GlcNAc for colloidal chitin, (GlcNAc)2 for MMP, and oligosaccharides with higher degree of polymerization (4-6) were obtained when hydrolyzing SSP, which is significant for applications in medicine and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunfan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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6
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Taokaew S, Kriangkrai W. Chitinase-Assisted Bioconversion of Chitinous Waste for Development of Value-Added Chito-Oligosaccharides Products. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:87. [PMID: 36671779 PMCID: PMC9855443 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) are the partially hydrolyzed products of chitin, which is abundant in the shells of crustaceans, the cuticles of insects, and the cell walls of fungi. These oligosaccharides have received immense interest in the last few decades due to their highly promising bioactivities, such as their anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. Regarding environmental concerns, COSs are obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis by chitinase under milder conditions compared to the typical chemical degradation. This review provides updated information about research on new chitinase derived from various sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, employed for the efficient production of COSs. The route to industrialization of these chitinases and COS products is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Taokaew
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Worawut Kriangkrai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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7
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Green and eco-friendly approaches for the extraction of chitin and chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Rajput M, Kumar M, Pareek N. Myco-chitinases as versatile biocatalysts for translation of coastal residual resources to eco-competent chito-bioactives. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Guo M, Wei X, Chen S, Xiao J, Huang D. Enhancing nonspecific enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin to oligosaccharides pretreated by acid and green solvents under simultaneous microwave-radiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:631-641. [PMID: 35413325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is hard to degrade untreated highly crystalline chitin. In this study, two solvents pretreatment chitin (acid swollen chitin (AC), super fine chitin (FC)) and microwave-heating method were used to enhance nonspecific enzymatic hydrolysis (lysozyme and pepsin), which obviously improved the enzymolysis rates by at least 1.31 times. Characterizations of chitin substrates (Mv, SEM, XRD) showed that calcium solvent pretreatment (obtained FC) was milder but effective than phosphoric acid pretreatment (obtained AC). The highest yield of chitin oligosaccharides (37.58 mg/g) were obtained after hydrolyzing AC under five-hour simultaneous microwave radiation by pepsin, among them, the content of N-acetylglucosamine was 13.76 mg/g. While, more chitin oligosaccharides with DP (degree of polymerization) 3-4 and lower DA (degree of acetylation) were obtained when using lysozyme than pepsin. Significantly, the conversion rate of chitin to oligosaccharides went best only when microwave and enzymes acting together (simultaneous strategy), which were at least 35.59% higher than separately pretreatment enzymes and substrates by microwave. The damages of microwave radiation on lysozyme and chitin substrates were revealed, and the operating principle of the whole enzyme reaction system heated by microwave was preliminatively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xunfan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Segal-Kischinevzky C, Romero-Aguilar L, Alcaraz LD, López-Ortiz G, Martínez-Castillo B, Torres-Ramírez N, Sandoval G, González J. Yeasts Inhabiting Extreme Environments and Their Biotechnological Applications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:794. [PMID: 35456844 PMCID: PMC9028089 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are microscopic fungi inhabiting all Earth environments, including those inhospitable for most life forms, considered extreme environments. According to their habitats, yeasts could be extremotolerant or extremophiles. Some are polyextremophiles, depending on their growth capacity, tolerance, and survival in the face of their habitat's physical and chemical constitution. The extreme yeasts are relevant for the industrial production of value-added compounds, such as biofuels, lipids, carotenoids, recombinant proteins, enzymes, among others. This review calls attention to the importance of yeasts inhabiting extreme environments, including metabolic and adaptive aspects to tolerate conditions of cold, heat, water availability, pH, salinity, osmolarity, UV radiation, and metal toxicity, which are relevant for biotechnological applications. We explore the habitats of extreme yeasts, highlighting key species, physiology, adaptations, and molecular identification. Finally, we summarize several findings related to the industrially-important extremophilic yeasts and describe current trends in biotechnological applications that will impact the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Segal-Kischinevzky
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Lucero Romero-Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Luis D. Alcaraz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Geovani López-Ortiz
- Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Martínez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Georgina Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Innovación en Bioenergéticos y Bioprocesos Avanzados (LIBBA), Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco AC (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - James González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
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11
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El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, Badierah R, Redwan EM, El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM. A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind's Challenges. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:23. [PMID: 35049963 PMCID: PMC8778853 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have played a crucial role in mankind's challenges to use different types of biological systems for a diversity of applications. They are proteins that break down and convert complicated compounds to produce simple products. Fungal enzymes are compatible, efficient, and proper products for many uses in medicinal requests, industrial processing, bioremediation purposes, and agricultural applications. Fungal enzymes have appropriate stability to give manufactured products suitable shelf life, affordable cost, and approved demands. Fungal enzymes have been used from ancient times to today in many industries, including baking, brewing, cheese making, antibiotics production, and commodities manufacturing, such as linen and leather. Furthermore, they also are used in other fields such as paper production, detergent, the textile industry, and in drinks and food technology in products manufacturing ranging from tea and coffee to fruit juice and wine. Recently, fungi have been used for the production of more than 50% of the needed enzymes. Fungi can produce different types of enzymes extracellularly, which gives a great chance for producing in large amounts with low cost and easy viability in purified forms using simple purification methods. In the present review, a comprehensive trial has been advanced to elaborate on the different types and structures of fungal enzymes as well as the current status of the uses of fungal enzymes in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed K. Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Raied Badierah
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Esmail M. El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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12
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Kumar M, Madhuprakash J, Balan V, Kumar Singh A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Chemoenzymatic production of chitooligosaccharides employing ionic liquids and Thermomyces lanuginosus chitinase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125399. [PMID: 34147005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study a two-step chemoenzymatic method for production of short chain chitooligosaccharides. Chitin was chemically pretreated using sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide and two different ionic liquids, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate under mild processing conditions. Pretreated chitin was further hydrolyzed employing purified chitinase from Thermomyces lanuginosus ITCC 8895. Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate treated chitin appeared amorphous and resulted in generation of 1.10 ± 0.89 mg ml-1 of (GlcNAc)2 and 1.07 ± 0.92 mg ml-1 of (GlcNAc)3. Further derivation of optimum conditions through two-factor-9 run experiments resulted in to 1.5 and 1.3 fold increments in (GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3 production, respectively. 0.1 g of both (GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3 has been purified from the Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate pretreated chitin (1 g) employing cation exchange chromatography. The present study will lay the foundation for development of a green sustainable solution for cost effective upcycling of coastal residual resources to chito-bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jogi Madhuprakash
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. CR Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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13
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Xie XH, Fu X, Yan XY, Peng WF, Kang LX. A Broad-Specificity Chitinase from Penicillium oxalicum k10 Exhibits Antifungal Activity and Biodegradation Properties of Chitin. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070356. [PMID: 34201595 PMCID: PMC8307900 DOI: 10.3390/md19070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum k10 isolated from soil revealed the hydrolyzing ability of shrimp chitin and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The k10 chitinase was produced from a powder chitin-containing medium and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. The purified chitinase showed maximal activity toward colloidal chitin at pH 5 and 40 °C. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by potassium and zinc, and it was inhibited by silver, iron, and copper. The chitinase could convert colloidal chitin to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), (GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)3, showing that this enzyme had endocleavage and exocleavage activities. In addition, the chitinase prevented the mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi S. sclerotiorum and Mucor circinelloides. These results indicate that k10 is a potential candidate for producing chitinase that could be useful for generating chitooligosaccharides from chitinous waste and functions as a fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li-Xin Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-88661237-8024
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14
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Industrially Important Fungal Enzymes: Productions and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang A, Mo X, Zhou N, Yang S, Chen K, Ouyang P. The effect of ultrasonication on enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin to N-acetyl glucosamine via sequential and simultaneous strategies. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Mathew GM, Madhavan A, Arun KB, Sindhu R, Binod P, Singhania RR, Sukumaran RK, Pandey A. Thermophilic Chitinases: Structural, Functional and Engineering Attributes for Industrial Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:142-164. [PMID: 32827066 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most widely found natural polymer next to cellulose. Chitinases degrade the insoluble chitin to bioactive chitooligomers and monomers for various industrial applications. Based on their function, these enzymes act as biocontrol agents against pathogenic fungi and invasive pests compared with conventional chemical fungicides and insecticides. They have other functional roles in shellfish waste management, fungal protoplast generation, and Single-Cell Protein production. Among the chitinases, thermophilic and thermostable chitinases are gaining popularity in recent years, as they can withstand high temperatures and maintain the enzyme stability for longer periods. Not all chitinases are thermostable; hence, tailor-made thermophilic chitinases are designed to enhance their thermostability by direct evolution, genetic engineering involving mutagenesis, and proteomics approach. Although research has been done extensively on cloning and expression of thermophilic chitinase genes, there are only few papers discussing on the mechanism of chitin degradation using thermophiles. The current review discusses the sources of thermophilic chitinases, improvement of protein stability by gene manipulation, metagenomics approaches, chitin degradation mechanism in thermophiles, and their prospective applications for industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy M Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | | | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
- Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Suryawanshi N, Sahu J, Moda Y, Eswari JS. Optimization of process parameters for improved chitinase activity from Thermomyces sp. by using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:1031-1041. [PMID: 32713255 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1780612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase is responsible for the breaking down of chitin to N-acetyl-glucosamine units linked through (1-4)-glycosidic bond. The chitinases find several applications in waste management and pest control. The high yield with characteristics thermal stability of chitinase is the key to their industrial application. Therefore, the present work focuses on parameter optimization for chitinase production using fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus MTCC 9331. Three different optimization approaches, namely, response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used. The parameters under study were incubation time, pH and inoculum size. The central composite design with RSM was used for the optimization of the process parameters. Further, results were validated with GA and ANN. A multilayer feed-forward algorithm was performed for ANN, i.e., Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. The ANN predicted values gave higher chitinase activity, i.e., 102.24 U/L as compared to RSM-predicted values, i.e., 88.38 U/L. The predicted chitinase activity was also closer to the observed data at these levels. The validation study suggested that the highest activity of chitinase as predicted by ANN is in line with experimental analysis. The comparison of three different statistical approaches suggested that ANN gives better optimization results compared to the GA and RSM study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Suryawanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Jyoti Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Yash Moda
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - J Satya Eswari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
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18
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Yadav M, Vivekanand V. Biological treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by Curvularia lunata for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123151. [PMID: 32197192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, biological treatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been performed by employing Curvularia lunata. Optimization of treatment conditions was performed by using response surface methodology to reduce the duration of treatment time. Three factors were studied at three severity levels: temperature - 28, 32, 36 °C; moisture content - 65, 75, 85%; treatment time - 14, 28, 42 days. Released reducing sugars were considered as the output response as the disruption of lignin barrier by biological treatment should increase the quantity of free reducing sugar. Impact of different combinations of factors (at varying severity levels) on output response was studied to attain the optimized conditions: 32 °C, 23 days and 65% moisture. Predicted outcomes were aligned with the experimental results (R2 = 0.93). After treating at optimized conditions, wheat and pearl millet straw were subjected to anaerobic digestion and showcased 19 and 28% increase in biogas production respectively as compared to the untreated straws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India.
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19
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Rojas-Osnaya J, Rocha-Pino Z, Nájera H, González-Márquez H, Shirai K. Novel transglycosylation activity of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Lecanicillium lecanii produced by submerged culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:759-767. [PMID: 31887380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Statistical Optimization for Coproduction of Chitinase and Beta 1, 4-Endoglucanase by Chitinolytic Paenibacillus elgii PB1 Having Antifungal Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:135-150. [PMID: 31989438 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial strain PB1 with antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi was isolated from marine soil and was identified as Paenibacillus elgii based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The isolate showed good antifungal activity against "Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282), Trichophyton rubrum (MTCC 791), Microsporum gypseum (MTCC 2819), Candida albicans (MTCC 227), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 170)". Chitinase and beta 1, 4-endoglucanase are known for their capability to degrade fungal cell wall, thus we analyzed its productivity in PB1 strain using Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design. The factors that affect the productivity of chitinase and beta 1, 4-endoglucanase were identified and optimized. A 7.77-fold increase (3.157 to 24.53 ± 1.33 U/mL) in chitinase and 7.422-fold increase (6.476 to 48.066 ± 0.676 U/mL) in beta 1, 4-endoglucanase versus basal medium was achieved. Chitinase and beta 1, 4-endoglucanase produced by Paenibacillus elgii strain PB1 represents the new source for biotechnological, medical, and agricultural applications.
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21
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Liu K, Ding H, Yu Y, Chen B. A Cold-Adapted Chitinase-Producing Bacterium from Antarctica and Its Potential in Biocontrol of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120695. [PMID: 31835449 PMCID: PMC6950295 DOI: 10.3390/md17120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain chitinase-producing microorganisms with high chitinolytic activity at low temperature, samples collected from Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were used as sources for bioprospecting of chitinolytic microorganisms. A cold-adapted strain, designated as GWSMS-1, was isolated from marine sediment and further characterized as Pseudomonas. To improve the chitinase production, one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal test approaches were adopted to optimize the medium components and culture conditions. The results showed that the highest chitinolytic activity (6.36 times higher than that before optimization) was obtained with 95.41 U L-1 with 15 g L-1 of glucose, 1 g L-1 of peptone, 15 g L-1 of colloid chitin and 0.25 g L-1 of magnesium ions contained in the medium, cultivated under pH 7.0 and a temperature of 20 °C. To better understand the application potential of this strain, the enzymatic properties and the antifungal activity of the crude chitinase secreted by the strain were further investigated. The crude enzyme showed the maximum catalytic activity at 35 °C and pH 4.5, and it also exhibited excellent low-temperature activity, which still displayed more than 50% of its maximal activity at 0 °C. Furthermore, the crude chitinase showed significant inhibition of fungi Verticillium dahlia CICC 2534 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum CICC 2532, which can cause cotton wilt and cucumber blight, respectively, suggesting that strain GWSMS-1 could be a competitive candidate for biological control in agriculture, especially at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Liu
- College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;
| | - Haitao Ding
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (B.C.); Tel.: +86-21-5871-8663 (H.D.); +86-21-5871-1026 (B.C.)
| | - Yong Yu
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;
| | - Bo Chen
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (B.C.); Tel.: +86-21-5871-8663 (H.D.); +86-21-5871-1026 (B.C.)
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22
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Kaczmarek MB, Struszczyk-Swita K, Li X, Szczęsna-Antczak M, Daroch M. Enzymatic Modifications of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:243. [PMID: 31612131 PMCID: PMC6776590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and its N-deacetylated derivative chitosan are two biological polymers that have found numerous applications in recent years, but their further deployment suffers from limitations in obtaining a defined structure of the polymers using traditional conversion methods. The disadvantages of the currently used industrial methods of chitosan manufacturing and the increasing demand for a broad range of novel chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) with a fully defined architecture increase interest in chitin and chitosan-modifying enzymes. Enzymes such as chitinases, chitosanases, chitin deacetylases, and recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases had attracted considerable interest in recent years. These proteins are already useful tools toward the biotechnological transformation of chitin into chitosan and chitooligosaccharides, especially when a controlled non-degradative and well-defined process is required. This review describes traditional and novel enzymatic methods of modification of chitin and its derivatives. Recent advances in chitin processing, discovery of increasing number of new, well-characterized enzymes and development of genetic engineering methods result in rapid expansion of the field. Enzymatic modification of chitin and chitosan may soon become competitive to conventional conversion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benedykt Kaczmarek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.,School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xingkang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Wang L, Mazzola M. Field Evaluation of Reduced Rate Brassicaceae Seed Meal Amendment and Rootstock Genotype on the Microbiome and Control of Apple Replant Disease. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1378-1391. [PMID: 30887889 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-19-0045-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An orchard field trial was conducted to assess the utility of reduced rate Brassicaceae seed meal (SM) amendment in concert with specific rootstock genotypes for effective control of apple replant disease. Three amendment rates of a 1:1 formulation of Brassica juncea-Sinapis alba SM were compared with preplant 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin soil fumigation for disease control efficacy. When applied at the highest rate (6.6 t ha-1) in the spring of planting, SM caused significant phytotoxicity and tree mortality, which was higher for Gala/M.26 than for Gala/G.41 but was not observed at SM application rates of 2.2 or 4.4 t ha-1. SM treatment resulted in growth and yield increases of Gala/M.26 and Gala/G.41 trees in a manner similar to the fumigation treatment and significantly greater than the no treatment control. Tree growth in soils treated with SM at 4.4 t ha-1 was similar or superior to that obtained with SM at 6.6 t ha-1 and superior to that attained at an SM application rate of 2.2 t ha-1. Soil fumigation and all SM treatments reduced Pratylenchus penetrans root infestation relative to the control treatment at the end of the initial growing season. Lesion nematode root densities in the fumigation treatment, but not SM treatments, rapidly recovered and were indistinguishable from the control at the end of the second growing season. Soil fumigation and all SM treatments significantly suppressed Pythium spp. root infection relative to the control. Trees grafted to rootstock G.41 possessed lower P. penetrans root densities relative to trees grafted to rootstock M.26. One year after planting, composition of microbial communities from SM-amended soils was distinct from those detected in control and fumigated soils, and the differences were amplified with increasing SM application rate. Specific fungal and bacterial phyla associated with suppression of plant pathogens were more abundant in SM-treated soil relative to the control, and they were similar in abundance in 4.4- and 6.6-t ha-1 SM treatments. Findings from this study demonstrated that use of the appropriate apple rootstock genotype will allow for effective replant disease control at SM application rates significantly less than that utilized previously (6.6 t ha-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Wang
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Mark Mazzola
- 2U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801
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24
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Pasqualetti M, Barghini P, Giovannini V, Fenice M. High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of Clonostachys rosea. Molecules 2019; 24:E1880. [PMID: 31100818 PMCID: PMC6571954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-eight fungal strains have been isolated from different natural marine substrates and plate screened for their production of chitinolytic activity. The two apparent best producers, Trichoderma lixii IG127 and Clonostachys rosea IG119, were screened in shaken cultures in media containing 1% colloidal chitin, 1% yeast nitrogen base and 38‰ NaCl, for their ability to produce chitinolytic enzymes under halophilic conditions. In addition, they were tested for optimal growth conditions with respect to pH, salinity and temperature. The Trichoderma strain appeared to be a slight halotolerant fungus, while C. rosea IG119 clearly showed to be a halophilic marine fungus, its optimal growth conditions being very coherent for life in the marine environment (i.e., pH 8.0, salinity 38‰). Due to its high and relatively fast activity (258 U/L after 192 h of growth) accompanied by its halophilic behaviour (growth from 0 to 160‰ of salinity), C. rosea was selected for further studies. In view of possible industrial applications, its medium for chitinolytic enzyme production was optimized by Response Surface Methodology using 1% colloidal chitin and different concentrations of corn step liquor and yeast nitrogen base (0-0.5%). Time course of growth under optimized condition showed that maximum activity (394 U/L) was recorded after 120 h on medium containing Corn Steep Liquor 0.47% and Yeast Nitrogen Base 0.37%. Maximum of productivity (3.3 U/Lh) was recorded at the same incubation time. This was the first study that demonstrated high chitinolytic activity in a marine strain of C. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pasqualetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Ecologia dei Funghi Marini, CoNISMa, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Barghini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Marina Applicata, CoNISMa, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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25
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Yadav M, Singh A, Balan V, Pareek N, Vivekanand V. Biological treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by Chaetomium globosporum: Process derivation and improved biogas production. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Li Z, Xia C, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao Y, Li C, Zhou J, Zhang L, Ye X, Huang Y, Cui Z. Identification of an endo-chitinase from Corallococcus sp. EGB and evaluation of its antifungal properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:1235-1243. [PMID: 30980875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the main component of the fungal cell wall, chitin has been regarded as an optimal molecular target for the biocontrol of plant-pathogenic fungi. In this study, the chitin hydrolase CcCti1, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH 18) and exhibits potential antifungal activity, was identified from Corallococcus sp. EGB. CcCti1 lacks a fibronectin type-III (FN3) domain that is present in similar enzymes from most genera of myxobacteria, indicating that CcCti1 may have acquired chitinase activity due to the FN3 domain deletion during myxobacterial evolution. CcCti1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with a specific activity of up to 10.5 U/μmol with colloidal chitin as the substrate. Product analysis showed that CcCti1 could hydrolyze chitin into N-acetylated chitohexaose (GlcNAc)6 as the major product, in addition to chitooligosaccharides. The analysis of biochemical properties indicated that the CBD and FN3 domains in CcCti1 determine the substrate affinity and pH stability. Otherwise, CcCti1 exhibited efficient biocontrol activity against the plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting the conidia germination and appressoria formation at a concentration of 0.08 mg/mL. Overall, the chitohexaose-producing chitinase CcCti1 with hydrolytic features may find potential application in chitin conversion and biocontrol of fungal plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Budžaki S, Strelec I, Krnić M, Alilović K, Tišma M, Zelić B. Proximate analysis of cold-press oil cakes after biological treatment with Trametes versicolor and Humicola grisea. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:924-931. [PMID: 32624886 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase the current knowledge on cold-press oil cakes composition, the present study aims to determine the chemical composition of oil cakes from hull-less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and hemp (Canabis sativa L.) before and after the biological treatment with Trametes versicolor and Humicola grisea using fungal-based solid-state technology. After 10 days of treatment, the content of ash, total nitrogen, total proteins, and total organic carbon increased in all the three oil cakes, while the content of ether extracts decreased. After treatment, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates decreased in pumpkin and hemp seed oil cakes, whereas it increased in flaxseed oil cake. During treatment with T. versicolor, the content of fructose significantly increased in hull-less pumpkin seed oil cake. Fiber content decreased in pumpkin and flaxseed oil cakes after treatment with both of the fungi, whereas it increased in flaxseed oil cake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Budžaki
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Ivica Strelec
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Mija Krnić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Kristina Alilović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Marina Tišma
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Bruno Zelić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Process optimization, purification and characterization of a novel acidic, thermostable chitinase from Humicola grisea. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:931-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang D, Li A, Han H, Liu T, Yang Q. A potent chitinase from Bacillus subtilis for the efficient bioconversion of chitin-containing wastes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:863-868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Ramakrishna B, Vaikuntapu P, Mallakuntla MK, Bhuvanachandra B, Sivaramakrishna D, Uikey S, Podile AR. Carboxy-terminal glycosyl hydrolase 18 domain of a carbohydrate active protein of Chitinophaga pinensis is a non-processive exochitinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1225-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Bioconversion of Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides: Amelioration and Coastal Pollution Reduction by Microbial Resources. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:269-281. [PMID: 29637379 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-metabolizing products are of high industrial relevance in current scenario due to their wide biological applications, relatively lower cost, greater abundance, and sustainable supply. Chitooligosaccharides have remarkably wide spectrum of applications in therapeutics such as antitumor agents, immunomodulators, drug delivery, gene therapy, wound dressings, as chitinase inhibitors to prevent malaria. Hypocholesterolemic and antimicrobial activities of chitooligosaccharides make them a molecule of choice for food industry, and their functional profile depends on the physicochemical characteristics. Recently, chitin-based nanomaterials are also gaining tremendous importance in biomedical and agricultural applications. Crystallinity and insolubility of chitin imposes a major hurdle in the way of polymer utilization. Chemical production processes are known to produce chitooligosaccharides with variable degree of polymerization and properties along with ecological concerns. Biological production routes mainly involve chitinases, chitosanases, and chitin-binding proteins. Development of bio-catalytic production routes for chitin will not only enhance the production of commercially viable chitooligosaccharides with defined molecular properties but will also provide a means to combat marine pollution with value addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India
| | - Amandeep Brar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India.
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Kumar A, Kumar D, George N, Sharma P, Gupta N. A process for complete biodegradation of shrimp waste by a novel marine isolate Paenibacillus sp. AD with simultaneous production of chitinase and chitin oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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