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Shang W, Li X, Du J, Guo Y, Fu D, He Y, Pan F, Zhang W, Zhou Z. Study on multiscale structures and digestibility of cassava starch and medium-chain fatty acids complexes using molecular simulation techniques. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114373. [PMID: 38763649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Effect of complexation of three medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic, decylic and lauric acid, OA, DA and LA, respectively) on structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and digestion behaviors of cassava starch (CS) was investigated. Current study indicated that LA was more easily to combine with CS (complex index 88.9%), followed by DA (80.9%), which was also consistent with their corresponding complexed lipids content. Following the investigation of morphology, short-range ordered structure, helical structure, crystalline/amorphous region and fractal dimension of the various complexes, all cassava starch-fatty acids complexes (CS-FAs) were characterized with a flaked morphology rather than a round morphology in native starch (control CS). X-ray diffraction demonstrated that all CS-FAs had a V-type crystalline structure, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that the complexes made from different fatty acids displayed similar V6 or V7 type polymorphs. Interestingly, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis revealed that α value became greater following increased carbon chain length of fatty acids, indicating the formation of a more ordered fractal structure in the aggregates. Changes in rheological parameters G' and G'' indicated that starch complexed with fatty acids was more likely to form a gel network, but difference among three CS-FAs complexes was significant, which might be contributed to their corresponding hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity raised from individual fatty acids. Importantly, digestion indicated that CS-LA complexes had the lowest hydrolysis degree, followed by the greatest RS content, indicating the importance of chain length of fatty acids for manipulating the fine structure and functionality of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jinyu Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Dekun Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yanfu He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- College of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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2
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Gu X, Wang P, Huang J, Chen S, Li D, Pu S, Li J, Wen J. Structural and physicochemical properties of rice starch from a variety with high resistant starch and low amylose content. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1413923. [PMID: 38860156 PMCID: PMC11163103 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1413923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the physicochemical properties of rice-derived endo-sperm high resistant starch (RS) with low amylose content (AC) is limited. In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of such a starch variety and revealed that the starch granules exhibit a smoother, more refined surface with distinct edges, increased compactness, higher order of surface, and fewer cavities compared to those of a low RS rice variety. The starch crystal was classified as an A-type, which may be connected to the high amylose-lipid complex content. The branched internal long chains (B2 + B3) were abundant, allowing for easy entanglement with other molecular chains and a compact structure. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the need for high temperature and energy to disrupt the double helix structure within the crystallization region of starch. Furthermore, starch viscosity analysis revealed a high cold paste viscosity, consistency, and setback value, with recrystallization yielding a stable structure, increased viscosity, and enhanced hydrolysis resistance to enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Juyuan Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangqin Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shihuang Pu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiancheng Wen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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3
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Zhang X, Fan X, Li W. Effect of emulsified lipid and saponified lipid on the enzyme desizing of starch and its mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131835. [PMID: 38663696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the flexibility of starch film adhesion on yarns, sizing lipids (saponified lipid or emulsified lipid) must be added during the sizing process. However, different types of sizing lipids may have diverse combinations with starch to impact enzyme desizing. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of saponified lipid and emulsified lipid commonly used in warp sizing on the hydrolysis of starch. Additionally, the desizing efficiency and chain structure of desizing residues were analyzed. Experimental results demonstrated that the existence of saponified lipid or emulsified lipid led to a reduction in the degree of hydrolysis (1.1 % and 2.6 %, respectively) compared to the original corn starch. Notably, saponified lipid exhibited a relatively strong negative impact. Furthermore, the desizing efficiency decreased after adding emulsified lipid (1.2 %) or saponified lipid (2.9 %). Starch-lipid V-type complexes and physical hindrance could inhibit the enzyme desizing, resulting in a larger wavelength of maximum absorbance for desizing residues, along with higher molecular weight, z-average radius of gyration, and an increased proportion of long chains. The presence of saponified lipid significantly negatively influenced desizing, possibly due to the smaller particle size and propensity for complex formation with starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- College of Textiles and Garments, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Textiles and Garments, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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4
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Frasson SF, Colussi R, Hackbart HCDS, Borges CD, Flores WH, Mendonça CRB. Rice starch modification by thermal treatments with avocado oil: Autoclave versus microwave methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131426. [PMID: 38583836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical alterations in rice starch modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) using an autoclave and a microwave, in association with avocado oil (AO), and evaluate the effects on thermal and structural properties, in vitro digestibility, and estimated glycemic index (eGI). Samples were adjusted to 30 % (w/w) moisture and 2, 4 and 8 % AO. HMT was conducted at 110 °C for 1 h in the autoclave (A0%, A2%, A4%, and A8%) and at 50 °C for 3 min in the microwave (M0%, M2%, M4%, and M8%). Both procedures did not alter the starch crystallinity pattern (type-A). Pasting viscosity, setback, relative crystallinity, and gelatinisation enthalpy decreased as the AO content increased in both HMT processes. The M8% showed reduced digestibility, decreased eGI (72.99, p < 0.05), and lower starch hydrolysis concentration (62.75 %, p < 0.05). The application of HMT with the addition of AO may be an interesting process for obtaining resistant starch since its content increased after both treatments (A8%, M4%, and M8%). The microwave process proved efficient, making it possible to use a lower temperature, less time, and less energy for modification and obtain starches with improved characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Feksa Frasson
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, 01, 96010-610 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Colussi
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Food Chemical Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helen Cristina Dos Santos Hackbart
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Dellinghausen Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, 01, 96010-610 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Center for Pharmaceutical and Food Chemical Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Wladimir Hernandez Flores
- Federal University of Pampa, Bagé Campus, Avenue Maria Anunciação Gomes de Godoy 1650, 96400-100 Bagé, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Rosane Barboza Mendonça
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, 01, 96010-610 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Center for Pharmaceutical and Food Chemical Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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5
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Guo Y, Fang R, Wu Z, Xi G, Qiao D, Wang G, Cui T, Zhang L, Zhao S, Zhang B. Incorporating edible oil during cooking tailors the microstructure and quality features of brown rice following heat moisture treatment. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114069. [PMID: 38395558 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
While brown rice (BR) has numerous nutritional properties, the consumption potential of which is seriously restricted since the poor cooking quality and undesirable flavor. Here, edible oils (pork lard and corn oil, 1-5 wt%) were incorporated during the cooking of BR following heat moisture treatment. Incorporating corn oil rather than lard significantly ameliorated the texture properties (e.g. hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness) and sensory properties of cooked BR. Both lard- and corn oil-incorporated cooked BR showed obvious structural changes accompanied by the formation of amylose-lipid complexes during cooking. It was confirmed that the incorporation of lard and corn oil allowed a higher degree of short-range molecular order, more V-type starch crystallites, and elevated nano-structural arrangements. Additionally, a decreased hardness (from 559.04 g to 424.18 g and 385.91 g, respectively) and enriched resistant starch (RS) were also observed, the highest RS content (15.95 % and 16.32 %, respectively) was observed when 1 wt% of lard and corn oil were incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruolan Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhuoting Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaolei Xi
- Technology Center for China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dongling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Genfa Wang
- Technology Center for China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Technology Center for China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Binjia Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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6
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Kierulf A, Mosleh I, Li J, Li P, Zarei A, Khazdooz L, Smoot J, Abbaspourrad A. Food LEGO: Building hollow cage and sheet superstructures from starch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7069. [PMID: 38363836 PMCID: PMC10871527 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The idea of building large structures from small building blocks has had a long history in the human imagination, from the beautifully intricate shells assembled from silica by unicellular algae to the Egyptian pyramids built from stone. Carrying this idea into the food industry has important implications. Here, we introduce a Pickering emulsion platform for building superstructures like hollow cages and sheets using starch granules as building blocks. In food, these superstructures occupy up to six times more space than their constituent parts, thereby delivering a viscosity greater by an order of magnitude than unstructured starch. To achieve this higher viscosity, they use an alternative superstructure mechanism as opposed to the classic swelling mechanism of individual particles. These super-thickeners may reduce calories, cut production costs, and stretch the global food supply, demonstrating how we can design the future by playing with our food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaye Kierulf
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Tate & Lyle Solutions USA LLC, 5450 Prairie Stone Pkwy, Hoffman Estates, IL 60192, USA
| | - Imann Mosleh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jieying Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amin Zarei
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Leila Khazdooz
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James Smoot
- Tate & Lyle Solutions USA LLC, 5450 Prairie Stone Pkwy, Hoffman Estates, IL 60192, USA
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Niu B, Qin Y, Zhu X, Zhang B, Cheng L, Yan Y. Effect of plasma-activated water on the formation of endogenous wheat starch-lipid complexes during extrusion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128647. [PMID: 38056152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) during extrusion on the formation of endogenous starch complexes with wheat starch (WS) as a model material. Using PAW during the extrusion process resulted in an increase in amylose content from 27.87 % to 30.07 %. Results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the PAW facilitated the formation of endogenous starch-lipid complexes during extrusion. PAW120 (distilled water treated by plasma for 120 s) showed a better promotion effect than PAW60 (distilled water treated by plasma for 60 s). EWS120 (WS extruded using PAW120) exhibited lower peak viscosity and swelling power, but higher solubility, particle size, and resistant starch content compared with EWS0 (WS extruded using distilled water) and EWS60 (WS extruded using PAW60). In a word, the acidic substances in PAW may lead to hydrolysis of starch and generate more amylose, thus improving the amount of endogenous starch-lipid complexes. The present study provides a novel extrusion method to obtain modified starch with higher RS content than common extrusion, which has potential application in the industrial production of functional foods with low glycemic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Yingnan Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Zhu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Lilin Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Yizhe Yan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China.
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8
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Li Y, Niu L, Sun C, Li D, Zeng Z, Xiao J. Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides on the Digestion and Quality Characteristics of Tea Polyphenols-Fortified Cooked Rice. Foods 2023; 12:4366. [PMID: 38231872 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) with special health benefits have been increasingly applied for fortifying food products. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the effects of MCT on traditional tea polyphenols-fortified cooked rice (TP-FCR). It was visualized by DSC, CLSM, XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The higher content of starch-MCT complexes with an increase in the relative crystallinity and the generation of short-range ordered structures contributed to a more ordered and compact molecular arrangement, which can hinder the action of digestive enzymes on starch. SEM demonstrated that MCT transformed the microstructure of TP-FCR into a denser and firmer character, making it an essential component hindering the accessibility of digestive enzymes to starch granules and slowing the release of tea polyphenols in TP-FCR to attenuate starch digestion. Consequently, the addition of MCT reduced the polyphenol-regulated starch digestibility from 74.28% in cooked white rice to 64.43% in TP-FCR, and further down to 50.82%. Besides, MCT also reduced the adhesiveness and improved the whiteness of TP-FCR. The findings suggested that MCT incorporation could be a potential strategy in cooked rice production to achieve high sensory quality and low glycemic cooked rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liya Niu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dongming Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zicong Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianhui Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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9
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Jia R, Cui C, Gao L, Qin Y, Ji N, Dai L, Wang Y, Xiong L, Shi R, Sun Q. A review of starch swelling behavior: Its mechanism, determination methods, influencing factors, and influence on food quality. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121260. [PMID: 37739518 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Swelling behavior involves the process of starch granules absorbing enough water to swell and increase the viscosity of starch suspension under hydrothermal conditions, making it one of the important aspects in starch research. The changes that starch granules undergo during the swelling process are important factors in predicting their functional properties in food processing. However, the factors that affect starch swelling and how swelling, in turn, affects the texture and digestion characteristics of starch-based foods have not been systematically summarized. Compared to its long chains, the short chains of amylose easily interact with amylopectin chains to inhibit starch swelling. Generally, reducing the swelling of starch could increase the strength of the gel while limiting the accessibility of digestive enzymes to starch chains, resulting in a reduction in starch digestibility. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive review of the mechanism of starch swelling, its influencing factors, and the relationship between swelling and the pasting, gelling, and digestion characteristics of starch. The role of starch swelling in the edible quality and nutritional characteristics of starch-based foods is also discussed, and future research directions for starch swelling are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Congli Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Lin Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, Shandong Province 257300, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, Shandong Province 257300, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, Shandong Province 257300, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, Shandong Province 257300, China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Rui Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, Shandong Province 257300, China.
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10
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Shen Y, An Z, Huyan Z, Shu X, Wu D, Zhang N, Pellegrini N, Rubert J. Lipid complexation reduces rice starch digestibility and boosts short-chain fatty acid production via gut microbiota. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:56. [PMID: 37853069 PMCID: PMC10584848 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two rice varieties (RS4 and GZ93) with different amylose and lipid contents were studied, and their starch was used to prepare starch-palmitic acid complexes. The RS4 samples showed a significantly higher lipid content in their flour, starch, and complex samples compared to GZ93. The static in vitro digestion highlighted that RS4 samples had significantly lower digestibility than the GZ93 samples. The C∞ of the starch-lipid complex samples was found to be 17.7% and 18.5% lower than that of the starch samples in GZ93 and RS4, respectively. The INFOGEST undigested fractions were subsequently used for in vitro colonic fermentation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, mainly acetate, and propionate were significantly higher in starch-lipid complexes compared to native flour or starch samples. Starch-lipid complexes produced a distinctive microbial composition, which resulted in different gene functions, mainly related to pyruvate, fructose, and mannose metabolism. Using Model-based Integration of Metabolite Observations and Species Abundances 2 (MIMOSA2), SCFA production was predicted and associated with the gut microbiota. These results indicated that incorporating lipids into rice starch promotes SCFA production by modulating the gut microbiota selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zengxu An
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zongyao Huyan
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Josep Rubert
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Ngo TV, Kunyanee K, Luangsakul N. Insights into Recent Updates on Factors and Technologies That Modulate the Glycemic Index of Rice and Its Products. Foods 2023; 12:3659. [PMID: 37835312 PMCID: PMC10572933 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is a staple food and energy source for half the world's population. Due to its quick digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, rice is typically regarded as having a high or medium-high glycemic index (GI); however, this can vary depending on the variety, nutrient compositions, processing, and accompanying factors. This report included a table of the glycemic index for rice and rice products in different countries, which could give an overview and fundamental information on the recent GI of different rice varieties. In addition, latest updates about the mechanism effects of rice nutritional profiles and processing techniques on GI were also provided and discussed. The influence of state-of-the-art GI regulation methods was also evaluated. Furthermore, the effectiveness and efficiency of applied technologies were also given. Furthermore, this review offered some aspects about the potential nutraceutical application of rice that food scientists, producers, or consumers might consider. Diverse types of rice are grown under various conditions that could affect the GI of the product. The instinct nutrients in rice could show different effects on the digestion rate of its product. It also revealed that the rice product's digestibility is process-dependent. The postprandial glucose response of the rice products could be changed by modifying processing techniques, which might produce the new less-digestive compound or the inhibition factor in the starch hydrolysis process. Because of the significant importance of rice, this paper also concluded the challenges, as well as some important aspects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naphatrapi Luangsakul
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.V.N.)
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12
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Cheng Y, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Effects of different food ingredients and additives on the digestibility of extruded and roller-dried maize starch and its application in low glycemic index nutritional formula powder. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6483-6490. [PMID: 37219070 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex interactions that occur among starch, protein, and fat during food processing affect the taste, texture, and digestibility of starch-based food. The physicochemical properties of starch, in particular its slow digestibility, are greatly influenced by processing techniques such as extrusion and roller-drying. This study investigated the effects of various food ingredients and additives on the digestion properties of maize starch treated with extrusion and roller drying. It designed a nutritional formula to develop low glycemic index products. RESULTS The extruded group containing raw maize starch, soybean protein isolate, soybean oil, lecithin and microcrystalline cellulose in the ratio of 580:250:58:20:3 had the best slow digestion properties. Nutritional formulas were designed at the above ratio, with supplements including calcium casein peptide, multi-vitamins, sodium ascorbate, fructooligosaccharides, xylitol, and peanut meal. The sample containing 10% peanut meal and a 1:3 ratio of fructooligosaccharides and xylitol additions obtained the highest sensory evaluation scores. An obvious slow digestion effect was observed in samples produced from the optimal formula. CONCLUSION The results of the present study could contribute to the development and production of a low glycemic index, nutritional powder. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Madhawan A, Bhunia RK, Kumar P, Sharma V, Sinha K, Fandade V, Rahim MS, Parveen A, Mishra A, Roy J. Interaction between long noncoding RNA (lnc663) and microRNA (miR1128) regulates PDAT-like gene activity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108040. [PMID: 37738867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Amylose, a starch subcomponent, can bind lipids within its helical groove and form an amylose-lipid complex, known as resistant starch type 5 (RS-5). RS contributes to lower glycaemic index of grain with health benefits. Unfortunately, genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in wheat grain remain elusive. Our study aims to characterize the lipid biosynthesis gene and its post-transcriptional regulation using the parent bread wheat variety 'C 306' and its EMS-induced mutant line 'TAC 75' varying in amylose content. Quantitative analyses of starch-bound lipids showed that 'TAC 75' has significantly higher lipid content in grains than 'C 306' variety. Furthermore, expression analyses revealed the higher expression of wheat phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase-like (PDAT-like) in the 'TAC 75' compared to the 'C 306'. Overexpression and ectopic expression of TaPDAT in yeast and tobacco leaf confirmed its ability to accumulate lipids in vivo. Enzyme activity assay showed that TaPDAT catalyzes the triacylglycerol synthesis by acylating 1,2-diacylglycerol. Interestingly, the long non-coding RNA, lnc663, was upregulated with the TaPDAT gene, while the miRNA, miR1128, downregulated in the 'TAC 75', indicating a regulatory relationship. The GFP reporter assay confirmed that the lnc663 acts as a positive regulator, and the miR1128 as a negative regulator of the TaPDAT gene, which controls lipid accumulation in wheat grain. Our findings outline TaPDAT-mediated biosynthesis of lipid accumulation and reveal the molecular mechanism of the lnc663 and miR1128 mediated regulation of the TaPDAT gene in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Madhawan
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Plant Biotechnology Department, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Vinita Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikas Fandade
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Afsana Parveen
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Ankita Mishra
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Joy Roy
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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14
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Guan Y, Toommuangpak W, Zhao G, Thaiudom S. The Microstructure, Rheological Characteristics, and Digestibility Properties of Binary or Ternary Mixture Systems of Gelatinized Potato Starch/Milk Protein/Soybean Oil during the In Vitro Digestion Process. Foods 2023; 12:2451. [PMID: 37444189 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro digestibility of potato starch-based foods interacting with milk protein and soybean oil was investigated. Microstructures and rheological changes upon digestion were determined. The results showed that the addition of milk proteins (casein and whey protein) promoted gelatinized potato starch digestion, while soybean oil slowed down gelatinized potato starch digestion. A mixture of soybean oil and milk protein promoted the digestion of milk protein, while a mixture of gelatinized potato starch and milk protein inhibited the digestion of milk protein. The mixture of milk protein and/or gelatinized potato starch with soybean oil promoted the release of free fatty acids in soybean oil. The highest release rate of free fatty acids was attained by a mix of milk protein and soybean oil. The mixed samples were digested and observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The viscosity of the digestates was determined by a rheometer. Overall, the results demonstrated that the addition of milk protein and soybean oil had an effect on the in vitro digestibility of gelatinized potato starch and its microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Guan
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- The Food Processing Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Potato Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Watcharaporn Toommuangpak
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Siwatt Thaiudom
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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15
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Lin J, Li C. Influence of instant rice characteristics and processing conditions on starch digestibility-A review. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37326341 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Instant rice is increasingly popular around the world due to its convenience, but it commonly has a high glycemic index, and a frequent consumption might contribute to the occurrence of many chronic diseases. In this review, the main factors determining starch digestibility of instant rice were comprehensively evaluated, aiming to help the rice industry develop instant rice with slow starch digestibility. Starch digestibility in instant rice can be reduced by manipulating its intrinsic and extrinsic nutrients. Processing conditions, including pre-gelatinization, storage, and reheating are also important for the starch digestibility of instant rice. Individual differences in terms of glycemic response to the same carbohydrate-based diet should be considered when knowledge is transformed from in vitro method to human conditions. This review contains important information that has the potential to reduce the starch digestibility of instant rice and improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakang Lin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Li J, Wang M, Liu G, Wang W, Hu A, Zheng J. Effects of microwave and conventional heating on physicochemical, digestive, and structural properties of debranched quinoa starch-oleic acid complexes with different water addition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2146-2154. [PMID: 36574261 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A starch-lipid complex is a new type of resistant starch, which is of great importance for the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Most starch-lipid complexes usually need to be treated by heating to make them suitable for a variety of applications, and starch-based foods are generally not edible without a heat-treatment process. However, the digestion and structural properties of the starch-lipid complex will be changed after heating. In this study, microwave and conventional heating were used to treat debranched quinoa starch-oleic acid complexes (DQS-OA) with different water addition conditions, and the effects of the two methods on the physicochemical, digestive, and structural properties of DQS-OA were compared. RESULTS The results of in vitro digestibility showed that the resistant starch content (235.34-269.55 g kg-1 ) of the conventional heating-treated samples was significantly higher than that the microwave-treated samples (141.51-157.99 g kg-1 ). Moreover, after microwave treatment, the short-range molecular order and crystalline structure of DQS-OA were destroyed and the particle size became smaller. In contrast, the thermal stability, enthalpy, and crystallinity of the complexes after conventional heating were improved. The ratio at 1047/1022 cm-1 of complexes has also been increased. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that conventional water-bath heating was better than microwave heating in increasing digestion resistance, improving the short-range and long-range molecular order, and promoting the formation of DQS-OA. With an increase in water addition, the influence of microwave or water-bath treatment on the properties of DQS-OA became greater. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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17
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Effects of NaCl and sucrose on the structural and functional properties of debranched quinoa starch-oleic acid complexes under baking. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1588-1596. [PMID: 36455819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different dosage of NaCl and sucrose on the structural and functional properties of debranched quinoa starch-oleic acid complexes (DQS-OA) under baking were investigated. The results showed that the resistant starch content of the baked DQS-OA increased by 17.15 % than DQS-OA. The addition of NaCl destroyed the thermal stability, short-range molecular order and crystalline structure of the complexes. The results of particle size, SEM and amylose content showed that NaCl accelerated the degradation of starch granules, which reduced the enzyme resistance of starch. In contrast, the enthalpy (7.28 J/g-7.78 J/g) and crystallinity (54.29 %-56.69 %) of the samples with sucrose significantly increased, and the molecular structure of the complexes became more ordered. Furthermore, with the increase of sucrose concentration, the resistant starch content also increased from 28.80 % to 31.41 %.
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18
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Different nitrogen fertilizer application in the field affects the morphology and structure of protein and starch in rice during cooking. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112193. [PMID: 36596133 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization is one of the most important cultivation practices that affects the eating quality of rice. During the cooking process, nitrogen fertilizer application in the field changed the structure of protein and starch during cooking, which eventually reduced the rice eating quality. However, the morphology and structure of rice during cooking under high nitrogen fertilizer application in the field have not been explored. The relationship between the morphological and structural changes of rice protein and starch during cooking and the rice eating quality has not been studied. In this study, we conducted field trials at two nitrogen fertilizer levels (0 N and 350 N), and the rice was cooked after harvest. Our results showed that the peak viscosity of rice flour was 3326 cp and 2453 cp at 0 N and 350 N, respectively, and the peak viscosity of rice starch was 3424 cp and 3378 cp, respectively. Rice proteins played an important role in the starch gelatinization properties and thermodynamic properties. High nitrogen fertilizer application increased the protein content of rice from 5.97 % to 11.32 %, and more protein bodies adhered to the surface of amyloplasts eventually inhibiting starch gelatinization. The rice proteins could bind to amylose-lipid complexes during cooking, promoting the formation of V-type diffraction peaks. What is more, under high nitrogen fertilizer, rice protein had more β-sheets, which slowed the entry of water into the interior of starch molecules and prevented the destruction of the short-range ordered structure of starch. Our study provides the possibility to further improve the eating quality of rice under nitrogen fertilizer treatment.
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Kierulf A, Enayati M, Yaghoobi M, Whaley J, Smoot J, Perez Herrera M, Abbaspourrad A. Starch Janus Particles: Bulk Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Rheology, and Potential Food Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57371-57386. [PMID: 36533671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although incredible progress in the field of Janus particles over the last three decades has delivered many promising smart-material prototypes, from cancer-targeting drug delivery vehicles to self-motile nanobots, their real-world applications have been somewhat tempered by concerns over scalability and sustainability. In this study, we adapt a simple, scalable 3D mask method to synthesize Janus particles in bulk using starch as the base material: a natural biopolymer that is safe, biocompatible, biodegradable, cheap, widely available, and versatile. Using this method, starch granules are first embedded on a wax droplet such that half of the starch is covered; then, the uncovered half is treated with octenyl succinic anhydride, after which the wax coating is removed. Janus particles with 49% Janus balance can be produced in this way and were observed to self-assemble into wormlike strings in water due to their hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature. Our Janus starch granules outperform the non-Janus controls as thickening and gelling agents: they exhibit a fourfold increase in water-holding capacity, a 30% lower critical caking concentration, and a viscosity greater by orders of magnitude. They also form gels that are much firmer and more stable. Starch Janus particles with these functional properties can be used as novel, lower-calorie, highly efficient, plant-based super-thickeners in the food industry, potentially reducing starch use in food by 55%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaye Kierulf
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
- Tate & Lyle Solutions USA LLC, 5450 Prairie Stone Pkwy, Hoffman Estates, Illinois60192, United States
| | - Mojtaba Enayati
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Mohammad Yaghoobi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Judith Whaley
- Tate & Lyle Solutions USA LLC, 5450 Prairie Stone Pkwy, Hoffman Estates, Illinois60192, United States
| | - James Smoot
- Tate & Lyle Solutions USA LLC, 5450 Prairie Stone Pkwy, Hoffman Estates, Illinois60192, United States
| | - Mariana Perez Herrera
- Tate & Lyle Solutions USA LLC, 5450 Prairie Stone Pkwy, Hoffman Estates, Illinois60192, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
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20
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Cao S, Li C. Influence of Resistant Starch in Whole Rice on Human Gut Microbiota─From Correlation Implications to Possible Causal Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12760-12771. [PMID: 36190451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the main staple food for a large population around the world, while it generally has a high glycemic index and low resistant starch (RS) content. Although many strategies have been applied to develop healthier rice products with increased RS contents, their actual effects on gut microbiota and human health remain elusive. In this review, currently available production methods of rice RS are briefly summarized, followed by a critical discussion on their interactions with gut microbiota and subsequent effects on human health, from correlation implications to causal mechanisms. Different contents, types, and structures of RS have been produced by strategies such as genetic manipulation and controlling cooking conditions. The difference can largely determine effects of rice RS on gut microbiota composition and metabolites by specific RS-gut microbiota interactions. This review can thus help the rice industry develop rice products with desirable RS contents and structures to generally improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbin Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
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21
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In-vitro digestibility of rice starch and factors regulating its digestion process: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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23
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Lu X, Ma R, Zhan J, Wang F, Tian Y. The role of protein and its hydrolysates in regulating the digestive properties of starch: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Khatun A, Waters DLE, Liu L. The Impact of Rice Lipid on In Vitro Rice Starch Digestibility. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101528. [PMID: 35627097 PMCID: PMC9140711 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative role of lipids in rice starch digestion is well-known; however, the effect of individual native lipids on starch digestibility has not been studied. In this study, native rice lipids, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophospholipids (LPLs), were analyzed using liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and correlated with in vitro rice starch digestibility. Most of the tested lipids exhibited a negative correlation with the in vitro starch digestibility with the correlations being more pronounced for LPLs. Removal of lipids from rice flour increased the in vitro starch digestibility. Conversely, a lipid extract addition to rice flour reduced the starch digestibility. Addition of 1% pure lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)16:0, TAG54:6, DAG36:4 or PC36:2 individually to rice flour reduced starch digestibility by different extents in the order of LPC16:0 > TAG54:6 > PC36:2 > DAG36:4. LPC16:0 was the most abundant lipid among all the assessed lipids in the white rice (milled rice), and addition of 1% LPC 16:0 to rice flour reduced glucose release following three hours of in vitro starch digestion by 7.4%. There may be a scope to breed rice with a lipid composition to reach a desired starch digestibility or simply through addition of certain lipids before cooking the rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (A.K.); (D.L.E.W.)
- Southern Cross Analytical Research Services, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (A.K.); (D.L.E.W.)
- Southern Cross Analytical Research Services, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (A.K.); (D.L.E.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6620 3293
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Oskaybaş-Emlek B, Özbey A, Aydemir LY, Kahraman K. Production of buckwheat starch-myristic acid complexes and effect of reaction conditions on the physicochemical properties, X-ray pattern and FT-IR spectra. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:978-989. [PMID: 35378155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of reaction parameters on complex index (CI%) value of complexes formed between buckwheat starch (BS) and myristic acid (MA) was investigated. The temperature (60-90 °C) and MA to BS ratio (0.1-0.8 mmoL/g) were determined as the most effective parameters and their effect on CI% was evaluated using response surface methodology. The MA to BS ratio, temperature, and interaction between them had an influence on CI%. The CI% of BS-MA complexes increased with increasing MA ratio until a certain level of MA. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for correlation analysis between parameters. Swelling power and paste clarity of BS decreased with complex formation while syneresis increased. Peak and final viscosity values of the BS-MA complexes were significantly lower than those of BS. FT-IR revealed the complex formation led to change in starch structure. The XRD confirmed the BS-MA complex formation but the BS-MA produced using 0.1 mmoL/g at 60 °C was not detected by XRD due to having low crystallinity, and expectedly, the lowest relative crystallinity value was achieved with this sample among complex samples. All results showed that the buckwheat might be an alternative starch source for starch-lipid complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşe Özbey
- Dept. of Food Eng., Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Levent Yurdaer Aydemir
- Dept. of Food Eng., Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kahraman
- Dept. of Nanotechnology Eng., Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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26
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Biochemical markers for low glycemic index and approaches to alter starch digestibility in rice. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Cheng Y, Guan Y, Guo F, Wang Z, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, Li W, He Z. Effects of dietary fibre and soybean oil on the digestion of extruded and roller‐dried maize starch. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae Quanzhou Normal University Quanzhou Fujian 362000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yanming Guan
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd. Beijing 100015 China
| | - Fengxian Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae Quanzhou Normal University Quanzhou Fujian 362000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae Quanzhou Normal University Quanzhou Fujian 362000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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28
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Zeng Y, Ali MK, Du J, Li X, Yang X, Yang J, Pu X, Yang L, Hong J, Mou B, Li L, Zhou Y. Resistant Starch in Rice: Its Biosynthesis and Mechanism of Action Against Diabetes-Related Diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2024221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Muhammad Kazim Ali
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Juan Du
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Li
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li’E Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jingan Hong
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Mou
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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29
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30
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Shen Y, Wu D, Fogliano V, Pellegrini N. Rice varieties with a high endosperm lipid content have reduced starch digestibility and increased γ-oryzanol bioaccessibility. Food Funct 2021; 12:11547-11556. [PMID: 34708854 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The amount and distribution of rice endosperm lipids can influence starch digestibility and nutritional properties of white rice. However, this aspect has been poorly investigated thus far. We investigated the digestion properties of five rice varieties and common rice having different lipid contents (8.1-24.2 g kg-1) showing that the lipid content is positively correlated with the resistant starch content and negatively correlated with digestion extent (C∞) and estimated glycemic index (eGI). After non-starch lipid (NSL) removal from selected high-lipid mutants (ALK3 and RS4), C∞ was significantly enhanced compared to native samples when digested by α-amylase, while this phenomenon was not observed in low-lipid rice (GZ93). When pancreatin was used, starch digestion was only delayed; triglycerides were gradually hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase and the lipids-starch complex became no longer resistant to hydrolysis by α-amylase. These results indicated that rice endosperm lipids inhibited starch digestion, by transforming part of the starch into a slowly digestible starch fraction. High-lipid mutants also had a higher total amount of, and more bioaccessible, γ-oryzanol than low-lipid varieties. This study indicates that high-lipid white rice has great potential in designing functional rice-based foods, combining a relatively lower eGI and a high γ-oryzanol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, Udine, 33100, Italy.
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31
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Cai C, Tian Y, Sun C, Jin Z. Resistant structure of extruded starch: Effects of fatty acids with different chain lengths and degree of unsaturation. Food Chem 2021; 374:131510. [PMID: 34839973 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the formation mechanism of enzyme-resistant structures in extruded starch, specifically, fatty acid-starch complexes (FASCs). The effects of fatty acids (FAs) with different carbon-chain lengths (C12-C18) and degrees of unsaturation (C18:0-C18:2) on complex formation were evaluated, with fluorescence microscopy verifying complex formation. The complexed-lipid content and degree of relative crystallinity increased with the carbon-chain length and degree of FA unsaturation. FAs with fewer carbons were more likely to generate stable complexes (e.g., form II, melted at 100-120 °C), while FAs with more carbons tended to produce relatively unstable complexes (e.g., form I, melted at 80-100 °C). After reheating and cooling, a new amylose-lipid complex and an amylose-amylopectin network was formed in the unsaturated FASC samples, which restricted the penetration of enzymes into starch granules. A starch-linoleic acid complex exhibited the highest resistant starch content (15.7%) and lowest predicted glycaemic index (88.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Canxin Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaoqi Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang 262200, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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32
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Li C, Hu Y. Align resistant starch structures from plant-based foods with human gut microbiome for personalized health promotion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2509-2520. [PMID: 34515592 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1976722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) is beneficial for human health through its interactions with gut microbiota. However, the alignment between RS structures with gut microbiota profile and consequentially health benefits remain elusive. This review summarizes current understanding of RS complex structures and their interactions with the gut microbiota, aiming to highlight the possibility of manipulating RS structures for a targeted and predictable gut microbiota shift for human health in a personalized way. Current definition of RS types is strongly associated with starch digestion behaviors in small intestine, which does not precisely reflect their interactions with human gut microbiota. Distinct alterations of gut microbiota could be associated with the same RS type. The principles to describe the specificity of different RS structural characteristics in terms of aligning with human gut microbiota shift was proposed in this review, which could result in new definitions of RS types from the microbial perspectives. To consider the highly variable personal features, a machine-learning algorithm to integrate different personalized factors and better understand the complex interaction between RS and gut microbiota and its effects on individual health was explained. This review contains important information to bring interactions between RS and gut microbiota to translational practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Geng D, Liu L, Lin Z, Zhu L, Deng J, Chen J, Xiang Z, Yao H, Su X, Xia C, Tong L. Effects of red lentil protein addition on textural quality and starch digestibility of brown rice noodles. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Hui Geng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zexue Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Agro‐products Processing Science and Technology Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Junlin Deng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Key Laboratory of Preservation engineering of Agricultural Products Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315040 China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Key Laboratory of Preservation engineering of Agricultural Products Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315040 China
| | - Zhuoya Xiang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Key Laboratory of Preservation engineering of Agricultural Products Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315040 China
| | - Hanlin Yao
- Guangxi Luobawang Food Co., Ltd Liuzhou 545007 China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Guangxi Luobawang Food Co., Ltd Liuzhou 545007 China
| | - Chen Xia
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Key Laboratory of Preservation engineering of Agricultural Products Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315040 China
| | - Li‐Tao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
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34
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Physiochemical, structural and in vitro starch digestibility properties of starch blended with fish oil and wheat gluten. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Oladiran DA, Emmambux NM. Functional and nutritional properties of roasted semolina porridge with ghee and monoglyceride. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Peng Y, Yao T, Xu Q, Janaswamy S. Preparation and characterization of corn flours with variable starch digestion. Food Chem 2021; 366:130609. [PMID: 34311231 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Several grains such as wheat, rice, corn, oat, barley and rye are cultivated throughout the world. They are converted to variety of food products using a multitude of processing technologies to quench the growing organoleptic demands and consumers' preferences. Among them, corn, ranking third in wide consumption, is cost-effective and has long-term storability. Herein, ready-to-eat corn flours with variable starch digestion have been developed by processing at high temperature with shear using a twin screw continuous processor. The influence of processing temperature (121, 145 and 160°C) and moisture (25, 30 and 35%) has been studied. Results suggest both processing temperature and moisture modulate the rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) amounts of the flours. The presence or absence of oil in the flour further controls the starch digestion. The outcome is deemed to be helpful to design and develop healthy and palatable functional food products in addition to furthering the current market share for corn and other grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tianming Yao
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Srinivas Janaswamy
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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37
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Geng DH, Lin Z, Liu L, Qin W, Wang A, Wang F, Tong LT. Effects of ultrasound-assisted cellulase enzymatic treatment on the textural properties and in vitro starch digestibility of brown rice noodles. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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38
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Naseer B, Naik HR, Hussain SZ, Shikari AB, Noor N. Variability in waxy (Wx) allele, in-vitro starch digestibility, glycemic response and textural behaviour of popular Northern Himalayan rice varieties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12047. [PMID: 34103609 PMCID: PMC8187641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight commonly cultivated and consumed rice varieties of Northern Himalayan regions and a popular high amylose rice variety were characterized at Wx locus and evaluated for resistant starch (RS), in-vitro starch digestibility, predicted glycemic index (pGI), glycemic load (GL) and textural parameters. Cytosine and thymine repeats (CT)n at waxy locus (Wx) showed high association with apparent amylose content (AAC). Both pGI and GL varied substantially within the selected varieties. The pGI was relatively lower in high and intermediate amylose Indica varieties compared to low amylose Japonica ones. However, Koshikari despite being a low amylose variety showed relatively lower pGI and GL, due to its higher RS, dietary fiber, protein and fat content. It was thus presumed that in addition to AAC, RS and other grain components also affect the glycemic response. Inherent resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis was also found to be higher in firm textured and less sticky rice varieties. The genotypes-Lalat, Basmati-1509 and Koshikari, in view of their low to moderate pGI and relatively higher RS content, can be explored in future breeding programmes to develop rice varieties whose consumption will help to prevent hyper/hypo glycemic responses in Northern Himalayan regions, where daily staple diet is rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazila Naseer
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - H R Naik
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, 192122, India
| | - Syed Zameer Hussain
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India.
| | - Asif Bashir Shikari
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, 192122, India
| | - Nowsheen Noor
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, 192122, India
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39
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Effects of the pre-frying process on the cooking quality of rice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Insights into the structural characteristics and in vitro starch digestibility on steamed rice bread as affected by the addition of okara. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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Wang Y, Chen L, Yang T, Ma Y, McClements DJ, Ren F, Tian Y, Jin Z. A review of structural transformations and properties changes in starch during thermal processing of foods. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Formation of debranched wheat starch-fatty acid inclusion complexes using saturated fatty acids with different chain length. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Cahyana Y, Nugraha T, Aprilira N, Ayuningtias K, Soeherman G, Marta H, Tensiska T. Interplay Role of Heat-Moisture Treatment and Lipid from Egg yolk and Margarine on Functional and Pasting Properties of Banana Flour. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/132928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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44
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Wang J, Li M, Wang C, Dai Y, Sun Y, Li X, Heider CG, Wu X, Liang J. Effect of extrusion processing and addition of purple sweet potatoes on the structural properties and in vitro digestibility of extruded rice. Food Funct 2021; 12:739-746. [PMID: 33350998 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, extruded rice as a functional ingredient has been a hot area of research in food processing. In this study, extruded rice with purple sweet potato (ERPSP) was prepared. Moreover, the effects of extrusion and added purple sweet potato on the structure and in vitro digestibility of extruded rice were studied via numerous detection methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM results showed that there were numerous pits and bubbles in the extruded rice. In particular, compared with raw rice, the WAI and WSI of ERPSP was higher, and the thermal properties also changed noticeably. The results of XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the semicrystalline structure of extruded rice changed from A-type to A + V-type mixture, and the relative crystallinity of extruded rice changed accordingly. In addition, a significantly lower equilibrium hydrolysis (C∞) and kinetic constant (k) were observed in ERPSP. The novel rice product made from broken rice by extrusion processing and addition of the purple sweet potato exhibited improved structural properties and reduced digestibility, which increased the potential value and application of broken rice in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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45
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Sun S, Jin Y, Hong Y, Gu Z, Cheng L, Li Z, Li C. Effects of fatty acids with various chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation on the structure, physicochemical properties and digestibility of maize starch-fatty acid complexes. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Krishnan V, Mondal D, Bollinedi H, Srivastava S, SV R, Madhavan L, Thomas B, R AT, Singh A, Singh A, Praveen S. Cooking fat types alter the inherent glycaemic response of niche rice varieties through resistant starch (RS) formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1668-1681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang Y, Li T, Li Y, Qian H, Qi X, Zhang H, Wang L. Understanding the molecular weight distribution, in vitro digestibility and rheological properties of the deep-fried wheat starch. Food Chem 2020; 331:127315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Espinosa-Solis V, García-Tejeda YV, Leal-Castañeda EJ, Barrera-Figueroa V. Effect of the Degree of Substitution on the Hydrophobicity, Crystallinity, and Thermal Properties of Lauroylated Amaranth Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2548. [PMID: 33143285 PMCID: PMC7692550 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we consider amaranth starch extracted from the seeds of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. An amphiphilic character is conferred to the starch by a chemical modification, which involves an esterification by lauroyl chloride at three modification levels. The degree of substitution (DS) after the modification ranged from 0.06 to 1.16. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of fatty acyl chains on the surface of the esterified starches. The hydrophobicity of starches was confirmed by their adsorption isotherms, which showed a decrease in the moisture adsorption of lauroylated as DS increased. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a higher crystallinity, which was observed in the two samples subjected to the highest levels of modification. A higher crystallinity is related to a higher gelatinization enthalpy. These results are in agreement with the thermal characterization obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An inhibition of the retrogradation properties of lauroylated amaranth starches was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Espinosa-Solis
- Coordinación Académica Región Huasteca Sur de la UASLP, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, km 5, Carretera Tamazunchale-San Martín, 79960 Tamazunchale, Mexico;
| | - Yunia Verónica García-Tejeda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Academia de Ciencias Básicas, UPIITA Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2580, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340 Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico
| | - Everth Jimena Leal-Castañeda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Academia de Matemáticas, ESIA. 07738, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340 Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Barrera-Figueroa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, UPIITA, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2580, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340 Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico;
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Liu P, Fang Y, Zhang X, Zou F, Gao W, Zhao H, Yuan C, Cui B. Effects of multienzyme treatment on the physicochemical properties of maize starch-lauric acid complex. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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50
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Desai AS, Brennan MA, Zeng X, Brennan CS. Complex formation, in vitro digestion, structural, and physicochemical properties of fish oil and wheat starch blend. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S. Desai
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
- Riddet Research Institute Palmerston North New Zealand
- Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli India
| | - Margaret A. Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Xin‐An Zeng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition South China University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
- Riddet Research Institute Palmerston North New Zealand
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