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Kapoor DU, Sharma H, Maheshwari R, Pareek A, Gaur M, Prajapati BG, Castro GR, Thanawuth K, Suttiruengwong S, Sriamornsak P. Konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review of its extraction, health benefits, and pharmaceutical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122266. [PMID: 38823930 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KG) is a dietary fiber hydrocolloid derived from Amorphophallus konjac tubers and is widely utilized as a food additive and dietary supplement. As a health-conscious choice, purified KG, along with konjac flour and KG-infused diets, have gained widespread acceptance in Asian and European markets. An overview of the chemical composition and structure of KG is given in this review, along with thorough explanations of the processes used in its extraction, production, and purification. KG has been shown to promote health by reducing glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and blood pressure, thereby offering significant weight loss advantages. Furthermore, this review delves into the extensive health benefits and pharmaceutical applications of KG and its derivatives, emphasizing its prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. This study highlights how these natural polysaccharides can positively influence health, underscoring their potential in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 244001, India
| | - Rahul Maheshwari
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 509301, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Mansi Gaur
- Rajasthan Pharmacy College, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur 302026, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana 384012, India; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Kasitpong Thanawuth
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Supakij Suttiruengwong
- Sustainable Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
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Huang L, Wu Y, Fan Y, Su Y, Liu Z, Bai J, Zhao X, Li Y, Xie X, Zhang J, Chen M, Wu Q. The growth-promoting effects of protein hydrolysates and their derived peptides on probiotics: structure-activity relationships, mechanisms and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39154217 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2387328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main probiotics currently available in the markets and are essential for maintaining gut health. To guarantee probiotic function, it is imperative to boost the culture yield of probiotic organisms, ensure the sufficient viable cells in commercial products, or develop effective prebiotics. Recent studies have shown that protein hydrolysates and their derived peptides promote the proliferation of probiotic in vitro and the abundance of gut flora. This article comprehensively reviews different sources of protein hydrolysates and their derived peptides as growth-promoting factors for probiotics including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces. We also provide a preliminary analysis of the characteristics of LAB proteolytic systems focusing on the correlation between their elements and growth-promoting activities. The structure-activity relationship and underlying mechanisms of growth-promoting peptides and their research perspectives are thoroughly discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into growth-promoting protein hydrolysates and their derived peptides for proliferating probiotics in vivo or in vitro, which may inspire researchers to explore new options for industrial probiotics proliferation, dairy products fermentation, and novel prebiotics development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Guangdong Huankai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Guangdong Huankai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, China
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Chen Z, Xiao L, Sun Q, Chen Q, Hua W, Zhang J. Effects of Acremonium terricola Culture on Lactation Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Flora of Sows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:970. [PMID: 39199216 PMCID: PMC11352107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) on lactation performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal flora of sows. Forty-five Landrace sows (3-6 parity) were randomly assigned to the following three treatments from 85 days of gestation to 21 days after farrowing: a control diet (CON, basal diet), a low-dose Acremonium terricola culture diet (0.2% ATC, basal diet + 0.2% ATC), and a high-dose Acremonium terricola culture diet (0.4% ATC, basal diet + 0.4% ATC). Compared with the CON group, the supplementation of 0.2% ATC increased the average daily milk yield of sows by 4.98%, increased milk fat, total solids, and freezing point depression on day 1 postpartum (p < 0.05), increased serum concentration of Triiodothyronine, Thyroxin, and Estradiol on day 21 postpartum (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the supplementation of 0.4% ATC increased the average daily milk yield of sows by 9.38% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of 0.2% ATC increased serum concentration of IgG, IgM, and IFN-γ, CD4 on day 1 postpartum (p < 0.05) and increased serum concentration of immunoglobulin A ( IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M ( IgM), complement 3 (C3), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on day 21 postpartum (p < 0.05), while the supplementation of 0.4% ATC reduced serum concentration of IL-2 on day 21 postpartum (p < 0.05). Moreover, the supplementation of 0.4% ATC significantly increased serum concentration of catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the supplementation of ATC affected the relative abundance of the intestinal flora at different taxonomic levels in sows and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as in the norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes group, and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014 group of sows, while reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Phascolarctobacterium and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. These data revealed that the supplementation of ATC during late gestation and lactation can improve lactation performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and the gut microbiota. Compared with supplementation of 0.4% ATC, 0.2% ATC enhances the levels of thyroid-related hormones, specific antibodies, and cytokines in serum, promotes the diversity of beneficial gut microbiota, beneficial bacteria in the intestine, reduces the population of harmful bacteria, and thereby bolsters the immunity of sows. Hence, 0.2% ATC is deemed a more optimal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.C.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Lixia Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.C.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.C.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.C.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Weidong Hua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.C.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (Q.C.)
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Lin ZM, Wen JX, Lin DQ, Liu K, Chen YL, Miao S, Cao MJ, Sun LC. Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Degraded Konjac Gum by Abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai) Viscera Enzyme. Foods 2024; 13:2158. [PMID: 38998663 PMCID: PMC11241667 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new degraded konjac glucomannan (DKGM) was prepared using a crude enzyme from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera, and its physicochemical properties were investigated. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the viscosity of KGM obviously decreased from 15,500 mPa·s to 398 mPa·s. The rheological properties analysis of KGM and DKGMs revealed that they were pseudoplastic fluids, and pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, melting temperature, and gelling temperature significantly decreased after enzymatic hydrolysis, especially for KGM-180 and KGM-240. In addition, the molecular weight of KGM decreased from 1.80 × 106 Da, to 0.45 × 106 Da and the polydispersity index increased from 1.17 to 1.83 after 240 min of degradation time. Compared with natural KGM, the smaller particle size distribution of DKGM further suggests enzyme hydrolysis reduces the aggregation of molecular chains with low molecular weight. FT-IR and FESEM analyses showed that the fragmented KMG chain did not affect the structural characteristics of molecular monomers; however, the dense three-dimensional network microstructure formed by intermolecular interaction changed to fragment microstructure after enzyme hydrolysis. These results revealed that the viscosity and rheological properties of KGM could be controlled and effectively changed using crude enzymes from abalone viscera. This work provides theoretical guidance for the promising application of DKGM in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Duan-Quan Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu-Lei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Le-Chang Sun
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
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Chen ZH, Yuan XH, Tu TT, Wang L, Mao YH, Luo Y, Qiu SY, Song AX. Characterization and prebiotic potential of polysaccharides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131910. [PMID: 38679267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polysaccharides (RRTPs) were extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by hot water or ultrasound (US)-assisted extraction. The structural properties and potential prebiotic functions of RRTPs were investigated. Structural characterization was conducted through HPAEC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR and SEM. Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTPs extracted by hot water (RRTP-HW) or US with shorter (RRTP-US-S) or longer duration (RRTP-US-L) all consisted of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid in various molar ratio. US extraction caused notable reduction in molecular weight of RRTPs but no significant changes in primary structures. Fecal fermentation showed RRTPs could reshape microbial composition toward a healthier balance, leading to a higher production of beneficial metabolites including total short-chain fatty acids, curcumin, noopept, spermidine, 3-feruloylquinic acid and citrulline. More beneficial shifts in bacterial population were observed in RRTP-HW group, while RRTP-US-S had stronger ability to stimulate bacterial short-chain fatty acids production. Additionally, metabolic profiles with the intervention of RRTP-HW, RRTP-US-S or RRTP-US-L were significantly different from each other. The results suggested RRTPs had potential prebiotic effects which could be modified by power US via molecular weight degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - You Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shu-Yi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China..
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Zhang Y, Liu SJ. Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:102-114. [PMID: 38494355 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the challenges in managing atherosclerosis, researchers continue to investigate new treatments and complementary therapies. Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicine that has recently gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cordyceps in treating atherosclerosis through various pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, lowering cholesterol, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and modulating apoptosis or autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, the current misuse of the terms cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps sinensis has caused confusion among researchers, and complicated the current academic research on cordyceps. This review focuses on the chemical composition, pharmacological actions, and underlying mechanisms contributing to the anti-atherosclerotic effects of cordyceps and the mycelium of Ophiocordyceps spp. This review provides a resource for the research on the development of new drugs for atherosclerosis from cordyceps. Please cite this article as: Zhang Y, Liu SJ. Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(2): 102-114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Marxism, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases with Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
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Liu Q, Fang J, Huang W, Liu S, Zhang X, Gong G, Huang L, Lin X, Wang Z. The intervention effects of konjac glucomannan with different molecular weights on high-fat and high-fructose diet-fed obese mice based on the regulation of gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112498. [PMID: 36869507 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Konjac is a high-quality dietary fiber rich in β-glucomannan, which has been reported to possess anti-obesity effects. To explore the effective components and the structure-activity relationships of konjac glucomannan (KGM), three different molecular weight components (KGM-1 (90 kDa), KGM-2 (5 kDa), KGM-3 (1 kDa)) were obtained, and systematical comparisons of their effects on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced obese mice were investigated in the present study. Our results indicated that KGM-1, with its larger molecular weight, reduced mouse body weight and improved their insulin resistance status. KGM-1 markedly inhibited lipid accumulation in mouse livers induced by HFFD by downregulating Pparg expression and upregulating Hsl and Cpt1 expressions. Further investigation revealed that dietary supplementation with konjac glucomannan at different molecular weights caused β-diversity changes in gut microbes. The potential weight loss effect of KGM-1 maybe attributed to the abundance of changes in Coprobacter, Streptococcus, Clostridium IV, and Parasutterella. The results provide a scientific basis for the in-depth development and utilization of konjac resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jie Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sining Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ning Q, Wang J. Growth characteristics and metabonomics analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract medium. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Shum TF, Wang L, Chiou J. Impact of Plasticizer on the Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Tissue-Repairing Ability within Cells in the Proximity of the Human Gut Microbiome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2152. [PMID: 36767519 PMCID: PMC9915929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological research into the impact of plasticizer on different organs has been reported in the past few decades, while their effects on shifting the gut microbiota and immune cells homeostasis in zebrafish were only studied recently. However, studies on the impact of plasticizer on human gut microbiota are scarce. In this study, we co-incubated healthy human fecal microbiota with different concentrations of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), analyzed microbial composition by 16S rDNA sequencing, and compared the influence of their derived microbiomes on the human enterocyte (HT-29) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. Microbial diversity is reduced by DEHP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DEHP treatment reduced the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, while DINP treatment promoted Proteobacteria. Expressions of tight/adherens junction genes in HT-29 and anti-inflammatory genes in RAW264.7 were down-regulated by plasticizer-co-incubated microbiota derived metabolites. Overall, it is observed that selected plasticizers at high dosages can induce compositional changes in human microbiota. Metabolites from such altered microbiota could affect the tight junction integrity of the intestinal epithelium and upset macrophage differentiation homeostasis in proximity. Chronic exposure to these plasticizers may promote risks of dysbiosis, leaky gut or the exacerbation of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim-Fat Shum
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiachi Chiou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Fekete EE, Figeys D, Zhang X. Microbiota-directed biotherapeutics: considerations for quality and functional assessment. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2186671. [PMID: 36896938 PMCID: PMC10012963 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence points to causative or correlative roles of gut microbiome in the development of a myriad of diseases ranging from gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases to neurological disorders and cancers. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop and apply therapeutics targeting the human microbiome, in particular the gut microbiota, for treating diseases and maintaining wellness. Here we summarize the current development of gut microbiota-directed therapeutics with a focus on novel biotherapeutics, elaborate the need of advanced -omics approaches for evaluating the microbiota-type biotherapeutics, and discuss the clinical and regulatory challenges. We also discuss the development and potential application of ex vivo microbiome assays and in vitro intestinal cellular models in this context. Altogether, this review aims to provide a broad view of promises and challenges of the emerging field of microbiome-directed human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ef Fekete
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Gao Y, Abuduaini G, Yang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Fan H, Teng X, Bao C, Liu H, Wang D, Liu T. Isolation, purification, and structural elucidation of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides with hypolipidemic effect. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1092582. [PMID: 36590213 PMCID: PMC9800831 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1092582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stropharia rugosoannulata is a widely grown edible mushroom with a high nutritional value. S. rugosoannulata polysaccharides is one of the most important bioactive components of S. rugosoannulata and has a wide range of activities. A S. rugosoannulata polysaccharides, named SRF-3, was derived from the S. rugosoannulata extraction by freeze-thaw combine with hot water extraction method, then prepareed with DEAE-cellulose column and Sephacryl S-200 HR gel column, and its hypolipidemic activity was determined. The structural characteristics of SRF-3 were analyzed by infrared spectral scanning (FT-IR), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). SRF-3 is composed of mannose, galactose, methyl galactose and fructose with ratios of 16, 12, 58 and 12, respectively. In addition, the average relative molecular mass of SRF-3 is approximately 24 kDa. The main chain of SRF-3 is mainly composed of repeating α-D-1,6-Galp and α-D-1,6-Me-Galp units, with branches in the O-2 position of Gal. The structure is presumed to be a mannogalactan, with a small amount of t-β-D-Manp present as a side chain. Hypolipidemic activity assay showed that SRF-3 had good antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects in vitro, suggesting that SRF-3 have potential application in reducing liver fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlu Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Scientific Research Base of Edible Mushroom Processing Technology Integration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Gulijiannaiti Abuduaini
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Engineering Research Center of Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Chenhe Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Technological Innovations for Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of By-Products of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Engineering Research Center of Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Engineering Research Center of Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxiu Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Scientific Research Base of Edible Mushroom Processing Technology Integration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Teng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Technological Innovations for Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of By-Products of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Chenligen Bao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Technological Innovations for Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of By-Products of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Engineering Research Center of Grain Deep-Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Scientific Research Base of Edible Mushroom Processing Technology Integration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Dawei Wang,
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Scientific Research Base of Edible Mushroom Processing Technology Integration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China,Tingting Liu,
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12
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The protective effects of low- and high-fermentable dietary fibers on fecal microflora with antibiotic disturbance in in vitro fecal fermentation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Kang JY, Lee B, Kim CH, Choi JH, Kim MS. Enhancing the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of exopolysaccharides derived from Cordyceps militaris by enzyme-digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Su Y, Zhang M, Chang C, Li J, Sun Y, Cai Y, Xiong W, Gu L, Yang Y. The effect of citric-acid treatment on the physicochemical and gel properties of konjac glucomannan from Amorphophallus bulbifer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Mao YH, Xu Y, Song F, Wang ZM, Li YH, Zhao M, He F, Tian Z, Yang Y. Protective effects of konjac glucomannan on gut microbiome with antibiotic perturbation in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Extraction, structure and pharmacological effects of the polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis: A review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Current applications of high-intensity ultrasound with microbial inactivation or stimulation purposes in dairy products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Effects of konjac glucomannan with different molecular weights on gut microflora with antibiotic perturbance in in vitro fecal fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118546. [PMID: 34560958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) of different molecular weight on fecal microflora against antibiotic disturbance. KGM (~1.8 × 107 Da) was partially hydrolysed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 10 and 60 min to KGM1 (~2.1 × 104 Da) and KGM2 (7413 Da), respectively. The acid treatment caused significant reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average molecular weight (MW) and particle size of KGM, but brought limited change to the molecular structure. Low-MW KGM2 showed the most significant effect on fecal microflora in the presence of two common antibiotics (ampicillin and clindamycin), by increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae while decreasing the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, both the native and acid-treated KGM counteracted the adverse influence of antibiotics on the production of short chain fatty acids. The results have demonstrated the effect of KGM on gut microbiota with antibiotic disturbance.
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19
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In vitro fecal fermentation characteristics of bamboo shoot ( Phyllostachys edulis) polysaccharide. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2021; 11:100129. [PMID: 34585136 PMCID: PMC8453218 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoot polysaccharide (BSP) on the human gut microbiota composition and volatile metabolite components were investigated by in vitro fermentation. After fermentation for 48 h, BSP utilization reached 40.29% and the pH of the fermentation solution decreased from 6.89 to 4.57. Moreover, the total short-chain fatty acid concentration significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 13.46 mM (0 h) to 43.20 mM (48 h). 16S rRNA analysis revealed several differences in the gut microbiota community structure of the BSP-treated and water-treated (control) cultures. In the BSP group, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria was significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria significantly decreased. Moreover, the concentrations of benzene, its substituted derivatives, and carbonyl compounds in the volatile metabolites of the BSP-treated group decreased, while that of organic acids significantly increased after 48 h of fermentation. These results demonstrate that BSP improves gastrointestinal health.
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Key Words
- 16S rRNA
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- BSDF, bamboo shoot dietary fibre
- BSP, bamboo shoot polysaccharide
- GC, gas chromatography
- HPGPC, high-performance gel permeation chromatography
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Intestinal microbiota
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Microflora
- PCA, principal component analysis
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- Short-chain fatty acid
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Volatile metabolite
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20
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Modification and enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by Bifidobacterial fermentation of an exopolysaccharide from a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:586-594. [PMID: 34403670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the mycelial fermentation of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 had shown significant anti-inflammatory activity previously, and EPS-LM was a highly active fraction with a relatively low molecular weight (MW) isolated from the Cs-HK1 EPS. This study was to assess the effects of Bifidobacterial fermentation in anaerobic conditions on the molecular properties and anti-inflammatory activity of EPS-LM. In both Bifidobacterial cultures (B. breve and B. longum), EPS-LM was fractionally consumed as a carbon source, increasing the bacterial growth and acetic acid production. Analytical results from the fermentation digesta (supernatant) suggested that EPS-LM was partially degraded to lower molecular weight (MW) products with modified structures during the Bifidobacterial fermentation. More interestingly, the higher MW digesta fraction containing the partially degraded EPS-LM showed even stronger inhibiting activity than the original EPS-LM on the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in THP-1 cell culture, including NF-κB activation, release of NO, TNF-α and IL-8. The study has shown that the fermentation by selected Bifidobacterial strains is effective to modify natural polysaccharides with enhanced bioactivities.
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21
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Wang L, He J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Feng J. Lignin reinforced, water resistant, and biodegradable cassava starch/PBAT sandwich composite pieces. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Following the stipulation to replace nondegradable plastics with biodegradable materials in China, cost-effective and water-resistant packaging materials have become increasingly necessary. In this work, lignin reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS) pieces were prepared by filling glycerol and lignin powder into starch via a melt blending process and then being pressed into thin pieces. A mechanical properties test showed that following the addition of 3 wt% lignin, the tensile strength of the TPS piece was improved to 16.15 MPa from 3.71 MPa of the original TPS piece. The porous structures of the lignin powder tie the TPS macromolecular chains, induce higher crystallization, and thus provide higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break. After sandwiching two pieces of poly (butylene adipateco-terephthalate) (PBAT)/peanut shell powder composite thin film to each side of the TPS piece, the PBAT/TPS/PBAT sandwich gains excellent water resistance properties. However, as soon as the sandwich piece is cut into smaller ones, they absorb water quickly, implying such pieces can be biodegraded rapidly. These characteristics make it especially suitable for use in the preparation of cabinet waste bags, which are generally stirred into organic fertilizer with the cabinet waste. Slow degradation may negatively affect soil health and farm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jun He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Qingdong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
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22
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Song AX, Li LQ, Yin JY, Chiou JC, Wu JY. Mechanistic insights into the structure-dependant and strain-specific utilization of wheat arabinoxylan by Bifidobacterium longum. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116886. [PMID: 32933699 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX), an important dietary fiber from cereal grains, is mainly metabolised in the large intestine by gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria. This study investigated the uptake and metabolism of wheat AX by a Bifidobacterium longum strain that could grow well with AX as the sole carbon source. The bacterial growth rate showed a significant correlation to the molecular weight (MW) of AX and its acid hydrolysates. Assessment of the key AX degrading enzymes suggested that the uptake and consumption of AX involved extracellular cleavage of xylan backbone and intracellular degradation of both the backbone and the arabinose substitution. The preference for native or partially hydrolysed AX with single substitutions and a sufficiently high MW suggested the structure-dependant uptake by the bacterial cells. Genetic analysis of B. longum showed the lack of β-xylosidase, suggesting the existence of unknown enzymes or dual/multiple-specific enzymes for hydrolysis of the non-reducing end of xylan backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang-Xin Song
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Jia-Chi Chiou
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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23
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An efficient and simple approach for the controlled preparation of partially degraded konjac glucomannan. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Hurtado-Romero A, Del Toro-Barbosa M, Garcia-Amezquita LE, García-Cayuela T. Innovative technologies for the production of food ingredients with prebiotic potential: Modifications, applications, and validation methods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Influences of different drying methods on the structural characteristics and prebiotic activity of polysaccharides from bamboo shoot (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) residues. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:674-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Mao YH, Song AX, Li LQ, Yang Y, Yao ZP, Wu JY. A high-molecular weight exopolysaccharide from the Cs-HK1 fungus: Ultrasonic degradation, characterization and in vitro fecal fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116636. [PMID: 32747271 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work was to examine the impact of power ultrasound (US) on the molecular properties of a high-molecular weight (MW) exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cs-HK1 medicinal fungus and the utilization, and prebiotic function of the US-treated EPS fractions in human fecal microflora in vitro. The US treatment caused notable reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average MW and aggregate size of EPS in water but no significant changes in the molecular structure. The US-treated EPS fractions were consumed more rapidly by the fecal microflora, resulting in a higher total level of short chain fatty acids. They also affected the relative abundance in the microflora more beneficially than the original EPS. The results suggest that power US is effective for modifying and improving the prebiotic properties of high-MW polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Mao
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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27
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Najjarzadeh N, Krige A, Pamidi TRK, Johansson Ö, Enman J, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Numerical modeling and verification of a sonobioreactor and its application on two model microorganisms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229738. [PMID: 32160222 PMCID: PMC7065760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound has many uses, such as in medical imaging, monitoring of crystallization, characterization of emulsions and suspensions, and disruption of cell membranes in the food industry. It can also affect microbial cells by promoting or slowing their growth and increasing the production of some metabolites. However, the exact mechanism explaining the effect of ultrasound has not been identified yet. Most equipment employed to study the effect of ultrasound on microorganisms has been designed for other applications and then only slightly modified. This results in limited control over ultrasound frequency and input power, or pressure distribution in the reactor. The present study aimed to obtain a well-defined reactor by simulating the pressure distribution of a sonobioreactor. Specifically, we optimized a sonotrode to match the bottle frequency and compared it to measured results to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The measured pressure distribution spectrum presented the same overall trend as the simulated spectrum. However, the peaks were much less intense, likely due to non-linear events such as the collapse of cavitation bubbles. To test the application of the sonobioreactor in biological systems, two biotechnologically interesting microorganisms were assessed: an electroactive bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens, and a lignocellulose-degrading fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. Sonication resulted in increased malate production by G. sulfurreducens, but no major effect on growth. In comparison, morphology and growth of F. oxysporum were more sensitive to ultrasound intensity. Despite considerable morphological changes at 4 W input power, the growth rate was not adversely affected; however, at 12 W, growth was nearly halted. The above findings indicate that the novel sonobioreactor provides an effective tool for studying the impact of ultrasound on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Najjarzadeh
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Adolf Krige
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Taraka R K Pamidi
- Division of Operation, Engineering Acoustics, Maintenance and Acoustics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Örjan Johansson
- Division of Operation, Engineering Acoustics, Maintenance and Acoustics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Josefine Enman
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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28
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Chen GJ, Ran CX, Li CF, Xiong ZW, Ma LZ. Comparisons of prebiotic activity of polysaccharides from shoot residues of bamboo (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) via different ethanol concentrations. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13171. [PMID: 32150765 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three polysaccharide fractions from bamboo shoot (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis), CPS70, CPS75, and CPS80, were prepared using a final ethanol concentration of 70%, 75%, and 80% in the precipitation process. In vitro digestibility and the prebiotic activity of CPS70, CPS75, and CPS80 were evaluated and compared. The results indicated that all three of the CPS fractions exhibit a high degree of nondigestibility to human gastric juice (>98.5%) or α-amylase hydrolysis (>94.5%). Compared with the blank control, the three CPS fractions could not only significantly (p < .05) stimulate the proliferation of B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B. bifidum, and L. acidophilus, but also significantly (p < .05) enhance the production of lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids when these polysaccharides were added as alternative carbon sources to glucose during the in vitro fermentation of four probiotics. Furthermore, when comparing the three CPS fractions, CPS75 displayed the strongest prebiotic potential, as this polysaccharide had the strongest effect on the proliferation of probiotic bacteria as well as the greatest effect on SCFAs production. These results demonstrated that the concentration of ethanol used during the precipitation process has a significant impact on the prebiotic activity of CPS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ethanol precipitation is the first step when extracting polysaccharides from aqueous extracts as it is simple, rapid, and easy to carry out. This study focuses on how different concentrations of ethanol used in the precipitation process affect the prebiotic potential of bamboo shoot (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) polysaccharides (CPS). The result indicated that the concentration of ethanol used during the precipitation process has a significant impact on the prebiotic activity of CPS. To our knowledge, it is the first to evaluate the effects of the concentration of ethanol during the process of precipitation on prebiotic potential of polysaccharides, which can subsequently be applied to the optimization of ethanol concentration when precipitating natural polysaccharides for the purpose of in vitro fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jing Chen
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, PR China.,Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Chun-Xia Ran
- Department of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chang-Feng Li
- Department of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zheng-Wei Xiong
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Zhi Ma
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, PR China.,Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, PR China
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Li LQ, Song AX, Yin JY, Siu KC, Wong WT, Wu JY. Anti-inflammation activity of exopolysaccharides produced by a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 in cell and animal models. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1042-1050. [PMID: 32035153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. The EPS was isolated from the Cs-HK1 mycelial fermentation broth by ethanol precipitation and purified by deproteinization and dialysis. The EPS had a total sugar content of 74.8% and a maximum average molecular weight (MW) over 107 Da, and consisted mainly of glucose and mannose, and a small amount of galactose and ribose. In THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell cultures, EPS significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses of the cells including the release of NF-κB and several pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, TNF-α and IL-1β. In the murine model of LPS-induced acute intestinal injury, the oral administration of EPS to the animals effectively suppressed the expression of major inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and iNOS and alleviated the intestinal injury. The results suggest that the Cs-HK1 EPS has notable anti-inflammatory activity and can be a potential candidate for further development of new anti-septic therapeutics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-inflammation of an EPS from C. sinensis fungal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Qing Li
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ka-Chai Siu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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30
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Mao YH, Song AX, Li LQ, Siu KC, Yao ZP, Wu JY. Effects of exopolysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights and compositions on fecal microflora during in vitro fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:76-84. [PMID: 31837366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the potential prebiotic function of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a medicinal fungus and the relationship to the molecular properties by in vitro human fecal fermentation. The EPS from Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 mycelial fermentation was processed into three fractions with different monosaccharide contents, a higher molecular weight (MW) and a lower MW attained by two-step ethanol precipitation, and an intermediate MW by ultrasound-degradation of EPS. All the EPS fractions were well utilized during 24-48 h of fecal fermentation, leading to significant increases in the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The consumption rate and production level of SCFAs varied slightly with the different EPS fractions. The EPS also influenced the composition and diversity of the fecal microflora, increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes but suppressing that of Proteobacteria, which may be a beneficial effect for human health. Overall the results have shown that the Cs-HK1 EPS has significant prebiotic activity which is dependent on its molecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Mao
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Chai Siu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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31
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Guimarães JT, Balthazar CF, Scudino H, Pimentel TC, Esmerino EA, Ashokkumar M, Freitas MQ, Cruz AG. High-intensity ultrasound: A novel technology for the development of probiotic and prebiotic dairy products. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 57:12-21. [PMID: 31208607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) can be used as a mild-preservation technology in dairy products, due to its ability to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and enzymes. In addition, it can result in physical and chemical alterations in the products and has impact on the probiotic viability and metabolic activity. This review provides an overview of the effects of HIUS on dairy products manufactured with probiotics and prebiotics. Furthermore, it presents perspectives of HIUS application on paraprobiotics and postbiotics products. HIUS has been proven to be a potential technology and its application to fermented dairy products can result in shorter processing time, increased probiotic viability, and products with low lactose content, higher oligosaccharides concentration, less undesirable taste (lower propionic and acetic acids content) and reduced ingredients (no need of prebiotic addition or β-galactosidase inclusion). In cheeses, HIUS can reduce the ripening time and accelerate proteolysis, resulting in products with better sensory, textural and nutritional (bioactive peptides) characteristics. Furthermore, it can change the prebiotic structure, facilitating the access for the probiotics. The impact of the HIUS is highly dependent on the process parameters (frequency, power, processing time, pulse mode and duration), type of probiotic culture and food composition. Therefore, HIUS process parameters must be precisely quantified and controlled. The HIUS can also be applied to the inactivation of probiotic cultures and development of paraprobiotic products or to the improvement in the production of soluble factors (postbiotics) with health effects. Further researches should be conducted to evaluate the efficiency of this methodology in the cases of paraprobiotic and postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Celso F Balthazar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hugo Scudino
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Pimentel
- Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Campus Paranavaí, 87703-536 Paranavaí, PR, Brazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Q Freitas
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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32
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New insight into bamboo shoot (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) polysaccharides: Impact of extraction processes on its prebiotic activity. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Oliveira MEAS, Carvalho CWP, Nascimento M, Hertwig AM, Mellinger‐Silva C, Takeiti CY. Extrusion of λ‐carrageenan gum: Physical properties and in vitro bifidogenic effect. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maristela Nascimento
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Aline Morgan Hertwig
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Yoshie Takeiti
- Food and Nutrition Post Graduate Program Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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34
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Song AX, Mao YH, Siu KC, Tai WCS, Wu JY. Protective effects of exopolysaccharide of a medicinal fungus on probiotic bacteria during cold storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:957-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Beigi M, Jahanbin K. A water-soluble polysaccharide from the roots of Eremurus spectabilis M. B. subsp. spectabilis: Extraction, purification and structural features. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:648-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Developing acrylated epoxidized soybean oil coating for improving moisture sensitivity and permeability of starch-based film. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:370-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Effects of Ultrasonication on the Conformational, Microstructural, and Antioxidant Properties of Konjac Glucomannan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of ultrasonication (US) on the conformational, microstructural, and antioxidant properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM). US treatment with a 20-kHz and 750-W ultrasonic processor at 60% amplitude was applied for partial degradation of KGM with an average molecular weight (MW) of 823.4 kDa. Results indicated that the US treatment caused dramatic reduction in the MW, apparent viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and z-average mean radius of gyration. The flexibility of chain conformation of native KGM was slightly increased during the US treatment. According to electronic microscopic imaging, the compact, smooth, and orderly fibrous strings formed by KGM were changed to amorphous, porous flakes and globular particles after US treatment. KGM and its US-treated fractions showed moderate radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant activity. US degradation of KGM affected these activities either positively or negatively, depending on the US treatment period. In summary, ultrasonic degradation of KGM caused changes in its conformation characteristics, microstructure, and antioxidant activities.
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38
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Mao YH, Song AX, Wang ZM, Yao ZP, Wu JY. Protection of Bifidobacterial cells against antibiotics by a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide of a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1 through physical interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:312-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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