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Jiang Y, Hu X, Mei Y, Li X, Chen S, Yuan J, Wang Y, Tao R, Si J, Xu Z, Ke F, Yang H. A new UiO-66-NH 2 MOF-based nano-immobilized DFR enzyme as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of anthocyanidins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134296. [PMID: 39094888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins are one subclass of flavonoids in plants with diverse biological functions and have health-promoting effects. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is one of the important enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins and other flavonoids. Here, a new MOF-based nano-immobilized DFR enzyme acting as a nano-biocatalyst for the production of anthocyanidins in vitro was designed. We prepared UiO-66-NH2 MOF nano-carrier and recombinant DFR enzyme from genetic engineering. DFR@UiO-66-NH2 nano-immobilized enzyme was constructed based on covalent bonding under the optimum immobilization conditions of the enzyme/carrier ratio of 250 mg/g, 37 °C, pH 6.5 and fixation time of 10 min. DFR@UiO-66-NH2 was characterized and its catalytic function for the synthesis of anthocyanidins in vitro was testified using UPLC-QQQ-MS analysis. Compared with free DFR enzyme, the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by DFR@UiO-66-NH2 was more easily for manipulation in a wide range of reaction temperatures and pH values. DFR@UiO-66-NH2 had better thermal stability, enhanced adaptability, longer-term storage, outstanding tolerances to the influences of several organic reagents and Zn2+, Cu2+ and Fe2+ ions, and relatively good reusability. This work developed a new MOF-based nano-immobilized biocatalyst that had a good prospect of application in the green synthesis of anthocyanins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodie Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Mei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingbo Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Tao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyu Si
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zezhong Xu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Ke
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Gama Cavalcante AL, Dari DN, Izaias da Silva Aires F, Carlos de Castro E, Moreira Dos Santos K, Sousa Dos Santos JC. Advancements in enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanomaterials: toward sustainable industrial applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17946-17988. [PMID: 38841394 PMCID: PMC11151160 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are widely used in biofuels, food, and pharmaceuticals. The immobilization of enzymes on solid supports, particularly magnetic nanomaterials, enhances their stability and catalytic activity. Magnetic nanomaterials are chosen for their versatility, large surface area, and superparamagnetic properties, which allow for easy separation and reuse in industrial processes. Researchers focus on the synthesis of appropriate nanomaterials tailored for specific purposes. Immobilization protocols are predefined and adapted to both enzymes and support requirements for optimal efficiency. This review provides a detailed exploration of the application of magnetic nanomaterials in enzyme immobilization protocols. It covers methods, challenges, advantages, and future perspectives, starting with general aspects of magnetic nanomaterials, their synthesis, and applications as matrices for solid enzyme stabilization. The discussion then delves into existing enzymatic immobilization methods on magnetic nanomaterials, highlighting advantages, challenges, and potential applications. Further sections explore the industrial use of various enzymes immobilized on these materials, the development of enzyme-based bioreactors, and prospects for these biocatalysts. In summary, this review provides a concise comparison of the use of magnetic nanomaterials for enzyme stabilization, highlighting potential industrial applications and contributing to manufacturing optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus Pici Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
| | - Dayana Nascimento Dari
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
| | - Francisco Izaias da Silva Aires
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
| | - Erico Carlos de Castro
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus Pici Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
| | - Kaiany Moreira Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus Pici Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Campus das Auroras Redenção CEP 62790970 CE Brazil
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará Campus do Pici, Bloco 940 Fortaleza CEP 60455760 CE Brazil
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Santos MPF, de Souza Junior EC, Villadóniga C, Vallés D, Castro-Sowinski S, Bonomo RCF, Veloso CM. Proteases: Importance, Immobilization Protocols, Potential of Activated Carbon as Support, and the Importance of Modifying Supports for Immobilization. BIOTECH 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38804295 PMCID: PMC11130871 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although enzymes have been used for thousands of years, their application in industrial processes has gained importance since the 20th century due to technological and scientific advances in several areas, including biochemistry [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Pereira Flores Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos (PPGBBM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Evaldo Cardozo de Souza Junior
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga 45700-000, Bahia, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.J.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Carolina Villadóniga
- Laboratório de Biocatalisadores e suas Aplicações, Instituto de Química Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.V.); (D.V.); (S.C.-S.)
| | - Diego Vallés
- Laboratório de Biocatalisadores e suas Aplicações, Instituto de Química Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.V.); (D.V.); (S.C.-S.)
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Laboratório de Biocatalisadores e suas Aplicações, Instituto de Química Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.V.); (D.V.); (S.C.-S.)
| | - Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga 45700-000, Bahia, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.J.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Cristiane Martins Veloso
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga 45700-000, Bahia, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.J.); (C.M.V.)
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da Silva Melo AEC, de Sousa FSR, dos Santos-Silva AM, do Nascimento EG, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, de Medeiros CACX, da Silva-Junior AA. Immobilization of Papain in Chitosan Membranes as a Potential Alternative for Skin Wounds. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2649. [PMID: 38139991 PMCID: PMC10748344 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Papain (an enzyme from the latex of Carica papaya) is an interesting natural bioactive macromolecule used as therapeutic alternative for wound healing due to debridement action in devitalized or necrotic tissues. However, its use in high doses can induce potential skin irritation and side effects. In this study, experiments explored the ability of chitosan membrane to immobilize papain, consequently improving enzymatic activity and controlling enzyme release. Papain-loading capacity was tested via experiments of force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG), and X-ray diffraction analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses assessed the enzyme interactions with the copolymer. The investigation of the feasibility of membranes included pH on the surface, elasticity, and breaking strength measurements. The surface wettability and swelling capacity of different formulations revealed the best formulation for in vitro papain release experiments. The membranes had a transparent, rough, crystalline characteristic, which was homogeneous with the membrane within the neutrality. The immobilization of papain in the chitosan membrane resulted in a decrease in the vibration band characteristic of pure papain, suggesting a displacement in the vibration bands in the FTIR spectrum. The presence of papain decreased hydrophobicity on the surface of the membrane and disturbed the membrane's ability to swell. Chitosan membranes containing papain 2.5% (0.04 g) and 5.0% (0.08 g) preserved feasible properties and improved the enzymatic activity compared (0.87 ± 0.12 AU/mg and 1.59 ± 0.10 AU/mg) with a free papain sample (0.0042 ± 0.001 AU/mg). Concentrations of over 10% (0.16 g) led to phase separation into membranes. Chitosan membranes exhibited a slow papain release behavior adjusted via the Higushi model. The experimental achievements suggest a novel and promising method for the enhancement of papain. The results indicate the potential for prolonged bioactivity for use on wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Emmanuelle Câmara da Silva Melo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, Petrópolis, Natal 59072-570, Brazil; (A.E.C.d.S.M.); (A.M.d.S.-S.); (M.F.F.-P.)
| | - Felipe Sanderson Ribeiro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, Petrópolis, Natal 59072-570, Brazil; (A.E.C.d.S.M.); (A.M.d.S.-S.); (M.F.F.-P.)
| | - Alaine M. dos Santos-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, Petrópolis, Natal 59072-570, Brazil; (A.E.C.d.S.M.); (A.M.d.S.-S.); (M.F.F.-P.)
| | - Ednaldo Gomes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, Petrópolis, Natal 59072-570, Brazil; (A.E.C.d.S.M.); (A.M.d.S.-S.); (M.F.F.-P.)
| | - Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, Petrópolis, Natal 59072-570, Brazil; (A.E.C.d.S.M.); (A.M.d.S.-S.); (M.F.F.-P.)
| | | | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, Petrópolis, Natal 59072-570, Brazil; (A.E.C.d.S.M.); (A.M.d.S.-S.); (M.F.F.-P.)
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Amirahmadi M, Hosseinkhani S, Hosseini M, Yaghmei P, Heydari A. Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@NiAl-LDH microspheres implication in separation, kinetic and structural properties of phenylalanine dehydrogenase. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19429. [PMID: 37809670 PMCID: PMC10558515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl-LDH three-components microsphere contains a Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic core and a layered double hydroxide with nickel cation provide the binding ability to (His)-tagged-protein and exhibits high performance in protein separation and purification. The morphology and chemistry of the synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl-LDH microspheres were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Purified enzyme was assesed with SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. In this study, the separation of phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) by Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl -LDH was performed and the effect of microsphere was investigated on the kinetic and structural properties of PheDH. After purification, kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax, Kcat, kcat/Km, optimum temperature, thermal stability, and and activation energy were evaluated and compared according to the mentioned methods. The interaction between the enzyme and the microsphere displayed a high performance in protein binding capacity. The results also revealed that the kinetic parameters of the enzyme changed in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of a microsphere. Moreover, the results of intrinsic fluorescence and Circular Dichroism (CD) confirmed the structural changes of the protein in the interaction with the microsphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Amirahmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614418, Iran
| | - Paricher Yaghmei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran
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de Lima CSA, Rial-Hermida MI, de Freitas LF, Pereira-da-Mota AF, Vivero-Lopez M, Ferreira AH, Kadłubowski S, Varca GHC, Lugão AB, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Mucoadhesive gellan gum-based and carboxymethyl cellulose -based hydrogels containing gemcitabine and papain for bladder cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124957. [PMID: 37217049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Local treatment of bladder cancer faces several limitations such as short residence time or low permeation through urothelium tissue. The aim of this work was to develop patient-friendly mucoadhesive gel formulations combining gemcitabine and the enzyme papain for improved intravesical chemotherapy delivery. Hydrogels based on two different polysaccharides, gellan gum and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), were prepared with either native papain or papain nanoparticles (nanopapain) to explore for the first time their use as permeability enhancers through bladder tissue. Gel formulations were characterized regarding enzyme stability, rheological behavior, retention on bladder tissue and bioadhesion, drug release properties, permeation capacity, and biocompatibility. After 90 days of storage, the enzyme loaded in the CMC gels retained up to 83.5 ± 4.9 % of its activity in the absence of the drug, and up to 78.1 ± 5.3 with gemcitabine. The gels were mucoadhesive and the enzyme papain showed mucolytic action, which resulted in resistance against washing off from the urothelium and enhanced permeability of gemcitabine in the ex vivo tissue diffusion tests. Native papain shortened lag-time tissue penetration to 0.6 h and enhanced 2-fold drug permeability All formulations demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior and no irritability. Overall, the developed formulations have potential as an upgraded alternative to intravesical therapy for bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S A de Lima
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, No. 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M Isabel Rial-Hermida
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Lucas Freitas de Freitas
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, No. 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana F Pereira-da-Mota
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aryel Heitor Ferreira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, No. 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; MackGraphe - Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Sławomir Kadłubowski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry (IARC), Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego No. 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gustavo H C Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, No. 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ademar B Lugão
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, No. 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Mishra S, Hansda B, Ghosh A, Mondal S, Mandal B, Kumari P, Das B, Mondal TK, Biswas T. Multipoint Immobilization at Inert Center of Papain on Homo-Functional Diazo-Activated Silica Support: A Way of Restoring "Above Room-Temperature" Bio-Catalytic Sustainability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5710-5726. [PMID: 37039774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although enzymes play a significant role in industrial applications, their potential usage at high-level efficiency, particularly above room temperature, has not yet been fully harnessed. It brings above room-temperature catalytic sustainability of an immobilized (imm.) bio-catalyst as a long pending issue to improve enzyme stability, activity, specificity, or selectivity, particularly the enantio-selectivity over the native-enzymes. At this juncture, in a robust methodology, a heterogeneous solid phase bio-catalyst, {Si(OSi)4(H2O)1.03}n=328{OSi(CH3)2-NH-C6H4-N═N}4{papain}(H2O)251, has efficiently been prepared by immobilizing papain on homo-functionalized SG (silica-gel) via multipoint covalent attachment. The bio-catalyst is easy to be recovered and reused multiple times. The homo-functional -N═N+, which appears on the SG-surface, makes the multipoint diazo-links with the inert center of the tyrosine-moiety to couple the enzyme where all the amino, thiol, phenol, and so forth, groups of the protein, including those that belong to the active-site, remain intact. The immobilized enzyme (13.9 μmol g-1) swims in pore-water within the pore-channel, remains stable up to 70 ± 5 °C, and exhibits wider temperature adaptability in performing its hydrolyzing activities. The relative activity, 78 ± 2% at 27 °C, remains quantitative for 60 days and can be reused for 60 cycles with 53% activity at room-temperature. The thermal (relative activity: 87%; incubated at 70 ± 5 °C for 24 h) and mechanical (relative activity: 92%; incubated at 2500 rpm for 2 h at 27 °C) stability was outstanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Mishra
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Biswajit Hansda
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Ankit Ghosh
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Sneha Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Bhabatosh Mandal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Pallavi Kumari
- University Department of Chemistry, T.M.B.U., Bhagalpur, Bihar 812007, India
| | - Basudev Das
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Tanay Kumar Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Tirtha Biswas
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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Tang Y, Wang P, Zeng H, Rui Z. Construction of porous chitosan macrospheres via dual pore-forming strategy as host for alkaline protease immobilization with high activity and stability. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120476. [PMID: 36737178 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of highly-efficient enzymatic supports having excellent affinity to enzymes and superior mass transfer properties is highly desirable for enzymatic bio-catalysis. Herein, newly engineered chitosan macrospheres having interconnected and interlaced network pores are prepared via dual pore-forming strategy and applied as novel host for the effective immobilization of alkaline protease. The synergetic effect of SiO2 templates and gas-induced pore-forming agents play an important role in inhibiting the over-crosslinking of chitosan chains and promoting the elevation of interior porosity. Benefited from the highly exposed surface and abundant available binding sites, the as-developed porous support P2CSM achieves a maximum loading capacity of 43.8 ± 0.8 mg/g and ultra-high activity recovery of 92.4 % for alkaline protease. P2CSM is competent to effectively stabilize the structural conformation of alkaline protease from inactivation through the flexible covalent interaction. Considering these attributes, Protease@P2CSM demonstrates remarkably better structural stability, reusability and SDS-resistance than free alkaline protease, as well as excellent proteolytic ability, and the residual activity of Protease@P2CSM is evaluated as high as 70.3 % after 7 consecutive reuses. This work provides a promising avenue to construct highly-active enzyme-composites for widespread utilization in various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Concentrated Detergents, Foshan 528244, China.
| | - Zebao Rui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Kitamura M, Umemura K. Hybridization of papain molecules and DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes evaluated by atomic force microscopy in fluids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4833. [PMID: 36964258 PMCID: PMC10039081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and biomolecules, such as nanobiosensors and nanobiodevices, have been reported, the conjugation of papain and SWNTs have not been reported because of the formation of unexpected aggregates. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid was used to investigate the interactions between papain and DNA-wrapped SWNTs (DNA-SWNTs) at two different pH values (pH 3.0 and 10.5). The direct AFM observation of the mixture of papain and DNA-SWNTs confirmed the aggregation of papain molecules with DNA-SWNTs in the buffer solutions. The numerous and non-uniform adsorption of papain molecules onto DNA-SWNTs was more pronounced at pH 3.0 than that at pH 10.5. Furthermore, thick conjugates appeared when papain and DNA-SWNTs were simultaneously mixed. The near-infrared photoluminescence spectra of the SWNTs drastically changed when the papain molecules were injected into the DNA-SWNT suspension at pH 3.0. Thus, the regulation of electrostatic interactions is a key aspect in preparing optimal conjugates of papain and DNA-SWNTs. Furthermore, although previous papers reported AFM images of dried samples, this study demonstrates the potential of AFM in liquid in evaluating individual bioconjugates of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kitamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 1628601, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 1628601, Japan
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10
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Hou W, Zhao W, Yi S, Gao W, Zhang J, Zhao J, Liu X. A new application of papain: As a peroxidase-like catalyst for fluorometric detection of uric acid. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110192. [PMID: 36608409 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Papain, as a classical cysteine protease, has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetic fields. However, there are few information about the peroxidase-like activity of papain catalyzed substrate to produce fluorescence. In this study, we found that papain can catalyze H2O2 to convert o-phenylenediamine (OPD), and generate fluorescence emission at 550 nm under 430 nm excitation. Based on this foundation, we report a papain/OPD/H2O2 system for fluorescence detection of uric acid. The method exhibits a wide linear range of 10-1000 μM with a limit-of-detection of 4.6 μM, and has been successfully used to detect uric acid in human serum. This study paves the way for the application of papain as catalyst for fluorescence detection of different target biomolecules, such as cholesterol, glucose, lactate, for which H2O2 is a product of oxidoreductase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Hou
- Department of Basic Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wuyong Zhao
- Rehabilitation Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Sijing Yi
- Department of Basic Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenmei Gao
- Department of Basic Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Department of Basic Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Basic Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Basic Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China.
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11
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Peng Y, Wang M, Huang X, Yang F, Shi Y, Liao C, Yu D. Investigation into the magnetic immobilization of lipase and its application in the synthesis of structured triacylglycerols. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Nanomaterial Constructs for Catalytic Applications in Biomedicine: Nanobiocatalysts and Nanozymes. Top Catal 2022; 66:707-722. [PMID: 36597435 PMCID: PMC9798949 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials possess superior advantages due to their special geometries, higher surface area, and unique mechanical, optical, and physicochemical properties. Their characteristics make them great contributors to the development of many technological and industrial sectors. Therefore, novel nanomaterials have an increasing interest in many research areas including biomedicine such as chronic inflammations, disease detection, drug delivery, and infections treatment. Their relevant role is, in many cases, associated with an effective catalytic application, either as a pure catalyst (acting as a nanozyme) or as a support for catalytically active materials (forming nanobiocatalysts). In this review, we analyze the construction of nanozymes and nanobiocatalyst by different existing forms of nanomaterials including carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials, and polymer-based nanocomposites. Then, we examine successful examples of such nanomaterials employed in biomedical research. The role played by nanomaterials in catalytic applications is analyzed to identify possible research directions toward the development of the field and the achievement of real practicability. Graphical Abstract
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13
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Reshmy R, Philip E, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Arun KB, Madhavan A, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Varjani S, Szakacs G, Sindhu R. Nanobiocatalysts: Advancements and applications in enzyme technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125491. [PMID: 34320770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts are one of the most promising biomaterials produced by synergistically integrating advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology. These have a lot of potential to improve enzyme stability, function, efficiencyand engineering performance in bioprocessing. Functional nanostructures have been used to create nanobiocatalystsbecause of their specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature. This review covers a wide range of nanobiocatalysts including polymeric, metallic, silica and carbon nanocarriers as well as their recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The enormous potential of nanobiocatalysts in bioprocessing in designing effective laboratory trials forapplications in various fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, and bioremediation is also discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India.
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14
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Kamli MR, Tavano O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of papain: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:94-113. [PMID: 34375660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Papain is a cysteine protease from papaya, with many applications due to its broad specificity. This paper reviews for first time the immobilization of papain on different supports (organic, inorganic or hybrid supports) presenting some of the features of the utilized immobilization strategies (e.g., epoxide, glutaraldehyde, genipin, glyoxyl for covalent immobilization). Special focus is placed on the preparation of magnetic biocatalysts, which will permit the simple recovery of the biocatalyst even if the medium is a suspension. Problems specific to the immobilization of proteases (e.g., steric problems when hydrolyzing large proteins) are also defined. The benefits of a proper immobilization (enzyme stabilization, widening of the operation window) are discussed, together with some artifacts that may suggest an enzyme stabilization that may be unrelated to enzyme rigidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External advisory board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) on functionalized MCM-41: Stability and catalysis of transesterification of soybean oil and phytosterol. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Holyavka M, Faizullin D, Koroleva V, Olshannikova S, Zakhartchenko N, Zuev Y, Kondratyev M, Zakharova E, Artyukhov V. Novel biotechnological formulations of cysteine proteases, immobilized on chitosan. Structure, stability and activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:161-176. [PMID: 33676977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bromelain, papain, and ficin are studied the most for meat tenderization, but have limited application due to their short lifetime. The aim of this work is to identify the adsorption mechanisms of these cysteine proteases on chitosan to improve the enzymes' stability. It is known that immobilization can lead to a significant loss of enzyme activity, which we observed during the sorption of bromelain (protease activity compared to soluble enzyme is 49% for medium and 64% for high molecular weight chitosan), papain (34 and 28% respectively) and ficin (69 and 70% respectively). Immobilization on the chitosan matrix leads to a partial destruction of protein helical structure (from 5 to 19%). Using computer modelling, we have shown that the sorption of cysteine proteases on chitosan is carried out by molecule regions located on the border of domains L and R, including active cites of the enzymes, which explains the decrease in their catalytic activity upon immobilization. The immobilization on chitosan does not shift the optimal range of pH (7.5) and temperature values (60 °C for bromelain and papain, 37-60 °C for ficin), but significantly increases the stability of biocatalysts (from 5.8 times for bromelain to 7.6 times for papain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Holyavka
- Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation; Sevastopol State University, Universitetskaya st. 33, Sevastopol 299053, Russian Federation.
| | - Dzhigangir Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31, Lobachevsky st., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Koroleva
- Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Olshannikova
- Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya Zakhartchenko
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31, Lobachevsky st., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31, Lobachevsky st., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Kondratyev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Puschino, Moscow region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Zakharova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Puschino, Moscow region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy Artyukhov
- Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
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17
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Li T, Si J, Jiang Y, Zhu J, Xu Z, Li X, Yang H. Immobilization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase on magnetic Fe 3O 4–PEI-pMaltose nanomaterials for the synthesis of anthocyanidins. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01597d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An Fe3O4–PEI-pMaltose-immobilized DFR enzyme was prepared using nano-biotechnology, which can catalyze the synthesis of anthocyanidins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Si
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhong Xu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ma Y, Li Y, Fei X, Tian J, Xu L, Wang Y. Synthesis of papain–polyacrylamide hydrogel microspheres and their catalytic application. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A schematic of the formation process of papain–PAHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qinggongyuan Road, Dalian 116034, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qinggongyuan Road, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xu Fei
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qinggongyuan Road, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qinggongyuan Road, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Longquan Xu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qinggongyuan Road, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qinggongyuan Road, Dalian 116034, China
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19
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Papain immobilization on heterofunctional membrane bacterial cellulose as a potential strategy for the debridement of skin wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3065-3077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Ibrahim ASS, Elbadawi YB, El-Toni AM, Almaary KS, El-Tayeb MA, Elagib AA, Maany DAF. Stabilization and improved properties of Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens alkaline protease by immobilization onto double mesoporous core-shell nanospheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:557-566. [PMID: 33186653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, serine alkaline protease from halotolerant alkaliphilic Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens strain AK-R was purified and immobilized onto double mesoporous core-shell silica (DMCSS) nanospheres. Covalent immobilization of AK-R protease onto activated DMCSS-NH2 nanospheres was more efficient than physical adsorption and was applied in further studies. DMCSS-NH2 nanospheres showed high loading capacity of 103.8 μg protein/mg nanospheres. Relative to free AK-R protease, the immobilized enzyme exhibited shifts in the optimal temperature and pH from 60 to 65 °C and pH 10.0 to 10.5, respectively. While the soluble enzyme retained 47.2% and 9.1% of its activity after treatment for 1 h at 50 and 60 °C, the immobilized protease maintained 87.7% and 48.3%, respectively. After treatment for 2 h at pH 5 and 13, the immobilized protease maintained 73.6% and 53.4% of its activity, whereas the soluble enzyme retained 32.9% and 1.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the immobilized AK-R protease showed significant improvement of enzyme stability in high concentration of NaCl, organic solvents, surfactants, and commercial detergents. In addition, the immobilized protease exhibited a very good operational stability, retaining 79.8% of its activity after ten cycles. The results clearly suggest that the developed immobilized protease system is a promising nanobiocatalyst for various protease applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser S S Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M El-Toni
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dina Abdel Fattah Maany
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
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21
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Zhang Z, Bai G, Xu D, Cao Y. Effects of ultrasound on the kinetics and thermodynamics properties of papain entrapped in modified gelatin. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Gao J, Chang Z, Tian R, Li P, Ahmad F, Jia X, Liang Q, Zhao X. Reversible and site-specific immobilization of β 2-adrenergic receptor by aptamer-directed method for receptor-drug interaction analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461091. [PMID: 32376022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized protein makes a profound impact on the development of assays for drug discovery, diagnosis and in vivo biological interaction analysis. Traditional methods are enormously challenged by the G-protein coupled receptor ascribed to the loss of receptor functions. We introduced a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) aptamer into the immobilization of the receptor. This was achieved by mixing the receptor conjugated silica gel with cell lysates containing the receptor. We found that the aptamer-directed method makes immobilized β2-AR good stability in seven days and high specificity of ligand recognition at the subtype receptor level. Feasibility of the immobilized β2-AR in drug-receptor interaction analysis was evaluated by injection amount-dependent method, nonlinear chromatography, and peak decay analysis. Salbutamol, methoxyphenamine, ephedrine hydrochloride, clorprenaline, tulobuterol, bambuterol, propranolol and ICI 118551 bound to the receptor through one type of binding sites. The association constants presented good agreement within the three methods but exhibited clear differences from the data by radio-ligand binding assay. Regarding these results, we concluded that the aptamer-directed method will probably become an alternative for reversible and site-specific immobilization of GPCRs directly from complex matrices; the immobilized receptor is qualitative for drug-receptor interaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Zhongman Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Xiaoni Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China.
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23
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Papain immobilized on alginate membrane for wound dressing application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111222. [PMID: 32610228 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Wound dressings based on natural polymers are of considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industry owing to their improved performance in the human body when compared to synthetic polymers. Alginate, a polysaccharide from brown algae, is commonly studied as a wound dressing owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. To improve its therapeutic features and thereby increase wound healing, papain (a proteolytic enzyme from Carica papaya latex) was proposed to be incorporated. Papain is capable of promoting the debridement of devitalized or necrotic tissues. The development of dressing based on alginate and papain aggregates the healing properties of both materials. In addition, the adsorption on a support can stabilize the enzyme structure and permits its release in a controlled manner. The optimal conditions for immobilization were evaluated (initial concentration, temperature, and pH), and the amount immobilized was measured by Bradford assay. The enzyme activity stability over 28 days was measured. The release profile was determined using Franz cell. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed using fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Optimal immobilization conditions were identified in a neutral medium at a papain concentration of 20 mg/mL and temperature of 25 °C. The enzyme remained active after immobilization (80 % of its initial activity), and the matrix protected the enzyme from deactivation (70 % reduction on the matrix compared to 94 % in a buffer solution). Franz cell displayed a release profile of 64.1 % of the enzyme after 24 h. The biological assays indicated a bioactive material with proteolytic properties.
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24
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Separation and Purification of Papain Crude Extract from Papaya Latex Using Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids as Adjuvants in PEG-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu Y, Cai Z, Ma M, Sheng L, Huang X. Effect of eggshell membrane as porogen on the physicochemical structure and protease immobilization of chitosan-based macroparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116387. [PMID: 32564851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-based macroparticle is a common carrier for enzyme immobilization applied in food industry. Driven by the requirement of large carrier pores for the biomacromolecular substrates such as protein, the eggshell membrane powder (ESMP) was employed as multifunctional porogen to improve the physicochemical structure of chitosan-based macroparticles. The prepared macroparticles were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that an increase of ESMP percentage could improve the porosity of macro holes in macroparticles, and it also enlarged the size of mesopores. Moreover, the ESMP significantly increased (P < 0.05) the amount of papain immobilization, whereas the specific activity of immobilized papain achieved a maximum value of 871.95 U/mg at CSESM2 and then declined with the increase of ESMP. Therefore, the inclusion of 20 % ESMP in chitosan-based macroparticles gave the highest activity of its immobilized protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Meihu Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Long Sheng
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
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Feng N, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Fei X, Tian J. A novel catalytic material for hydrolyzing cow’s milk allergenic proteins: Papain-Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O-magnetic nanoflowers. Food Chem 2020; 311:125911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yavaşer R, Karagözler AA. Covalent immobilization of papain onto poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-chitosan cryogels for apple juice clarification. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 26:629-641. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013220919307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization appears as a remarkable technique to safely attach enzymes for several applications and cryogels stand as promising support materials to be used in such investigations. In this work, papain enzyme was immobilized onto an interpenetrating network obtained by cryogelation of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide cross-linked 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan. Cryogels were modified with –NH2 functionality and glutaraldehyde in order to attach papain covalently. Immobilization was carried out at 25 ℃ in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer at 1.0 mg/ml enzyme concentration for 5 h. The amount of papain immobilized onto cryogel was calculated to be 15.2 ± 2.54 mg/g cryogel. Macroporous structure and surface area were determined by scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that papain was bound to the cryogel and cryogel structure was composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, chitosan, and glutaraldehyde. Proteolytic activities of free and immobilized papain were measured using casein as substrate. Optimum pH values and temperatures were 8.0 and 65 ℃ for free and immobilized enzymes and kinetic parameters were calculated at these conditions. Reusability and storage stability results indicated that immobilization enhanced the stability of papain compared to free form. Efficiency of immobilized papain was demonstrated by apple juice clarification study as an industrial use of the enzyme. Phenolic compound, protein, total soluble solid contents, and viscosity of apple juice before and after clarification were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Yavaşer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - A Alev Karagözler
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Mohammadi M, Khakbaz Heshmati M, Sarabandi K, Fathi M, Lim LT, Hamishehkar H. Activated alginate-montmorillonite beads as an efficient carrier for pectinase immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ma T, Lu J, Zhu J, Li X, Gu H, Montalbán-López M, Wu X, Luo S, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Zheng Z, Mu D. The Secretion of Streptomyces monbaraensis Transglutaminase From Lactococcus lactis and Immobilization on Porous Magnetic Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1675. [PMID: 31447792 PMCID: PMC6691175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) from Streptomyces mobaraensis is an important enzyme widely applied in food processing for the improvement of protein properties by catalyzing the cross-linking of proteins. In this work we aimed at improving the production and enabling an easy and efficient purification process from culture supernatants. Thus, recombinant vectors, with either a constitutive promoter (Pp5) or an inducible promoter (PnisA), controlling the expression of the MTG gene fused to the signal peptide of Usp45 (SPusp45) were constructed and then expressed in Lactococcus lactis. After purification, 43.5 ± 0.4 mg/L mature MTG-6His was obtained. It displayed 27.6 ± 0.5 U/mg enzymatic activity cross-linking soy protein isolate effectively. The purified mature MTG was immobilized with magnetic porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which improved its activity up to 29.1 ± 0.4 U/mg. The immobilized MTG maintained 67.2% of the initial activity after being recycled for 10 times. The high production and secretion of functional S. mobaraensis MTG from L. lactis and the magnetic immobilized MTG-6His onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles reported in this study would have potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- College of Chemistry, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuizhong Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shaotong Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Dongdong Mu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Chemical, physical, and biological coordination: An interplay between materials and enzymes as potential platforms for immobilization. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Pudlarz AM, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Czechowska E, Tomaszewska E, Celichowski G, Grobelny J, Szemraj J. A Study of the Activity of Recombinant Mn-Superoxide Dismutase in the Presence of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 187:1551-1568. [PMID: 30284207 PMCID: PMC6469596 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the best characterized enzyme maintaining the redox state in the cell. A bacterial expression system was used to produce human recombinant manganese SOD with a His-tag on the C-end of the protein for better purification. In addition, gold and silver nanoparticles were chemically synthesized in a variety of sizes, and then mixed with the enzyme for immobilization. Analysis by dynamic light scattering and scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed no aggregates or agglomerates of the obtained colloids. After immobilization of the protein on AuNPs and AgNPs, the conjugates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. It was determined that SOD was adsorbed only on the gold nanoparticles. Enzyme activity was analyzed in colloids of the gold and silver nanoparticles bearing SOD. The presence of a nanoparticle did not affect enzyme activity; however, the amount of protein and size of the gold nanoparticle did influence the enzymatic activity of the conjugate. Our findings confirm that active recombinant human superoxide dismutase can be produced using a bacterial expression system, and that the enzyme can be immobilized on metal nanoparticles. The interaction between enzymes and metal nanoparticles requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Małgorzata Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Czechowska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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