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Zheng J, Li Y, Zhao S, Dong G, Yi S, Li X. Inhibition effect of epicatechin gallate on acid phosphatases from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by multispectral and molecular docking. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129794. [PMID: 38296148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of acid phosphatase, which significantly contributes to inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) degradation, is crucial for preventing flavor deterioration of aquatic products during storage. In this study, the inhibitory effect of epicatechin gallate (ECG) on the activity of acid phosphatase isozymes (ACPI and ACPII) was analyzed using inhibition kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular simulation. ACPI and ACPII with molecular weights of 59.5 and 37.3 kDa, respectively, were purified from rainbow trout liver. ECG reversibly inhibited ACPI and ACPII activities via mixed-type inhibition, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.24 ± 0.01 mmol/L and 0.27 ± 0.03 mmol/L, respectively. Fluorescence spectra indicated that ECG statically quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of ACPI and ACPII. ECG could spontaneously bind to ACPI and ACPII through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces and exhibited a higher affinity for ACPI than for ACPII. In addition, molecular dynamic simulation revealed that ECG-ACPI and ECG-ACPII complexes were relatively stable during the entire simulation process. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the use of ECG as an inhibitor of ACP to improve the flavor of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yingchang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research of Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Songmin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Gaoyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Shumin Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research of Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research of Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
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2
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Xie D, Fu W, Yuan T, Han K, Lv Y, Wang Q, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Xu J, Zhao P, Yang X. 6'- O-Caffeoylarbutin from Quezui Tea: A Highly Effective and Safe Tyrosinase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:972. [PMID: 38256044 PMCID: PMC10816276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is vital in fruit and vegetable browning and melanin synthesis, crucial for food preservation and pharmaceuticals. We investigated 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin's inhibition, safety, and preservation on tyrosinase. Using HPLC, we analyzed its effect on mushroom tyrosinase and confirmed reversible competitive inhibition. UV_vis and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a stable complex formation with specific binding, causing enzyme conformational changes. Molecular docking and simulations highlighted strong binding, enabled by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Cellular tests showed growth reduction of A375 cells with mild HaCaT cell toxicity, indicating favorable safety. Animal experiments demonstrated slight toxicity within safe doses. Preservation trials on apple juice showcased 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin's potential in reducing browning. In essence, this study reveals intricate mechanisms and applications of 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin as an effective tyrosinase inhibitor, emphasizing its importance in food preservation and pharmaceuticals. Our research enhances understanding in this field, laying a solid foundation for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wengan Fu
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Tiantian Yuan
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kangjia Han
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yuxiu Lv
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Qian Jiang
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;
| | - Guolei Zhu
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Junming Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China;
| | - Ping Zhao
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (D.X.); (W.F.); (T.Y.); (K.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (Q.J.); (G.Z.)
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3
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Ma L, Yang X, Yang X, Lu S, Zhang H, Fan Y. Stability protection of lutein emulsions by utilizing a functional conjugate of collagen and Lycium barbarum L. leaf flavonoid. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113775. [PMID: 38163700 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lutein exhibits excellent functional activity making it useful in many fields. Nevertheless, its use is limited by its physical and chemical instability. Here, collagen and Lycium barbarum L. leaf flavonoids (LBLF) were used as emulsifiers, their structures were characterized, the properties of the complexes were evaluated, and their stabilizing effects on lutein emulsions were explored. According to the results, the encapsulation rate of the complex of collagen-LBLF was (68.67 ± 1.43) % and the drug loading was (6.92 ± 0.13) %. Collagen compounded LBLF with a changed structure and morphology, resulting in improved antioxidant capacity, better foaming and emulsification, and reduced hydrophobicity. In addition, the thiobarbituric acid value of collagen-LBLF stabilized lutein emulsion (0.0012 ± 0.00011) mg/kg was significantly lower than that of collagen stabilized lutein emulsion (0.0021 ± 0.00016) mg/kg (P < 0.05), indicating that the composite stabilized lutein emulsion obtained higher stability. LBLF contributed a high free radical scavenging effect and inhibited lutein degradation during storage. During simulated digestion, collagen-LBLF effectively stabilized the emulsion and protected lutein from destruction, made it release more slowly, and benefited the bio-accessibility of lutein during the next utilization step. Based on the present study, improved storage and digestion stabilities of lutein wereachievedby the utilization of collagen-LBLF complex, which provides a new method for the preparation and application of composite functional emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Huiling Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yanli Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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4
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Min X, Lu L, Xu X, Wen Y, Zheng X. Investigation on the inhibition mechanism and binding behavior of paeonol to tyrosinase and its anti-browning property by multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126962. [PMID: 37722636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol, as one effective tyrosinase inhibitor, had been used as food preservative and clinical medication for skin disorders. In this study, the inhibition mechanism and binding behavior of paeonol to tyrosinase and its anti-browning property were investigated using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Activity assay and kinetic results confirmed paeonol as a reversible mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Results of the mechanistic studies were clarified using fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, CD spectra and 3D fluorescence, and showed that the binding of paeonol to tyrosinase might change the chromophore microenvironment and conformation of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme catalytic activity. Molecular docking results revealed the detailed binding between paeonol and tyrosinase. Moreover, paeonol could prevent the browning of fresh-cut apples, as well as inhibiting PPO and POD activities and increasing APX activity. All above findings established a reliable basis for the inhibitory mechanism of paeonol against tyrosinase and therefore contributed to its application in anti-browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Min
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Li Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 825403, China.
| | - Xi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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5
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Chen J, Zhang Z, Li H, Tang H. Exploring the effect of a series of flavonoids on tyrosinase using integrated enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic, and molecular modelling analyses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126451. [PMID: 37619686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The control of food browning can be achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase (TY) activity, but current studies on the interaction of flavonoids as potent inhibitors with TY are inadequate. Herein, the effect of a library of flavonoids on TY was investigated using enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic methods, and molecular modelling. Some flavonoids including 4, 8, 10, 17, 18, 28, 30, 33, and 34 exhibited potent TY inhibitory activity, with compound 10 demonstrating reversible inhibition in a mixed-competitive manner. Ultraviolet-visible spectral changes confirmed the formation of flavonoid-TY complexes. Fluorescence quenching analysis suggested effective intrinsic fluorescence quenching by flavonoids through static quenching with the ground-state complex formation. Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed the microenvironment change around the fluorophores induced by flavonoids. ANS-binding fluorescence assay indicated TY's surface hydrophobicity change by flavonoids and highlighted the change in secondary structure conformation, which was further confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Molecular modelling results helped visualize the preferred binding conformation at the active site of TY, and demonstrated the important role of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding in stabilizing the flavonoid-TY complexes. These findings prove that diverse flavonoid structures distinctly impact their binding behavior on TY and contribute to understanding flavonoids' potential as TY inhibitors in controlling food browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Zhuangwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huihui Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Hongjin Tang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
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6
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Logesh R, Prasad SR, Chipurupalli S, Robinson N, Mohankumar SK. Natural tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors: A path from melanin to melanoma and its reported pharmacological activities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188968. [PMID: 37657683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin containing melanin pigment acts as a protective barrier and counteracts the UVR and other environmental stressors to maintain or restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. The production of melanin pigment is dependent on tyrosine levels. L-tyrosine and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) can serve both as a substrates and intermediates of melanin synthetic pathway and as inducers and positive regulators of melanogenesis. The biosynthesis of melanin is stimulated upon exposure to UVR, which can also stimulate local production of hormonal factors, which can stimulate melanoma development by altering the chemical properties of eu- and pheomelanin. The process of melanogenesis can be altered by several pathways. One involves activation of POMC, with the production of POMC peptides including MSH and ACTH, which increase intracellular cAMP levels, which activates the MITF, and helps to stimulate tyrosinase (TYR) expression and activity. Defects in OCA1 to 4 affects melanogenic activity via posttranslational modifications resulting in proteasomal degradation and reducing pigmentation. Further, altering, the MITF factor, helps to regulate the expression of MRGE in melanoma, and helps to increase the TYR glycosylation in ER. CRH stimulates POMC peptides that regulate melanogenesis and also by itself can stimulate melanogenesis. The POMC, P53, ACTH, MSH, MC1R, MITF, and 6-BH4 are found to be important regulators for pigmentation. Melanogenesis can affect melanoma behaviour and inhibit immune responses. Therefore, we reviewed natural products that would alter melanin production. Our special focus was on targeting melanin synthesis and TYR enzyme activity to inhibit melanogenesis as an adjuvant therapy of melanotic melanoma. Furthermore, this review also outlines the current updated pharmacological studies targeting the TYR enzyme from natural sources and its consequential effects on melanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sagar Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Varadaraja Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Pharmacy, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Wang W, Lin H, Shen W, Qin X, Gao J, Cao W, Zheng H, Chen Z, Zhang Z. Optimization of a Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptide from Atrina pectinata Mantle and Its Molecular Inhibitory Mechanism. Foods 2023; 12:3884. [PMID: 37959003 PMCID: PMC10649063 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to realize the multi-level utilization of marine shellfish resources and to develop the potential biological activity of processing by-products of Atrina pectinata, gelatin was extracted from the mantle and the potential whitening effect of its enzymatic peptides was explored. Taking tyrosinase inhibitory activity as the evaluation index, the enzyme hydrolysate process was optimized by response-surface methodology, and the optimal enzyme hydrolysate conditions were as follows: pH 5.82, 238 min enzyme hydrolysate time, and temperature of 54.5 °C. Under these conditions, the tyrosinase inhibition activity of Atrina pectinata mantle gelatin peptide (APGP) was 88.6% (IC50 of 3.268 ± 0.048 mg/mL). The peptides obtained from the identification were separated by ultrafiltration and LC-MS/MS, and then four new peptides were screened by molecular docking, among which the peptide Tyr-Tyr-Pro (YYP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 1.764 ± 0.025 mM. The molecular-docking results indicated that hydrogen bonding is the main driving force for the interaction of the peptide YYP with tyrosinase. From the Lineweaver-Burk analysis, it could be concluded that YYP is inhibitory to tyrosinase and exhibits a mixed mechanism of inhibition. These results suggest that YYP could be widely used as a tyrosinase inhibitor in whitening foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Haisheng Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Weiqiang Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jialong Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenhong Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huina Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
- National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhishu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.W.); (X.Q.); (J.G.); (W.C.); (H.Z.); (Z.C.)
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8
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Ran Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Yang Y, Shang Z, Chen Q, Ma X, Qian Z, Liu W. Enzymatic colorimetric method for turn-on determination of l-lactic acid through indicator displacement assay. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:159-165. [PMID: 37344280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
l-Lactic acid is a natural α-hydroxy carboxylic acid and is commonly used as an addictive. Quantitation of l-lactic acid is indispensable in food and cosmetic industries. An enzymatic colorimetric method was developed for the determination of l-lactic acid by competitive indicator displacement assay. Boric acid inhibited the colorimetric reaction of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) catalyzed by tyrosinase. l-Lactic acid competitively displaced and released l-DOPA bound with boric acid to serve as substrate, and thus restored the tyrosinase activity. Recovery of color reaction could be spectrophotometrically determined at 475 nm and was proportional to the amount of l-lactic acid. A calibration curve between l-lactic acid concentration and recovery of absorbance were built. The concentration range of the l-lactic acid was 0.25-2.25 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for l-lactic acid was estimated to be 0.05 mM and 0.16 mM, respectively. The method achieved turn-on and visual sensing with good precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The assay method exhibited a promising prospect to determine the content of l-lactic acid in foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiawen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Emergency Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongtao Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qinfei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuoqun Qian
- Department of Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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9
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Chen Q, Shang C, Han M, Chen C, Tang W, Liu W. Inhibitory mechanism of scutellarein on tyrosinase by kinetics, spectroscopy and molecular simulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122644. [PMID: 36963278 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays an important role in melanin synthesis. Inhibition against tyrosinase activity has been extensively focused on for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural purpose. The inhibitory mechanism of scutellarein on tyrosinase was elaborated by coupling enzyme kinetics, multi-spectroscopy and computational simulation. Scutellarein remarkably inhibited tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value of 91 μM. Scutellarein reversibly inhibited tyrosinase in a competitive manner. Fluorescence quenching validated that interaction of scutellarein with tyrosinase occurred to form a complex with a binding constant of 6.11 × 104 M-1. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that scutellarein spontaneously bound with tyrosinase via hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism spectra revealed that scutellarein induced an obvious conformational change in tyrosinase. Molecular docking result predicted that scutellarein mainly bound with tyrosinase via Arg268 residue. Scutellarein effectively controlled the enzymatic browning of apple slices during storage. This research could give theoretical guiding significance in various application for tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weikang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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10
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Hong X, Song X, Wu X, Yang C, Gong D, Zhang G. Treatments of heating and ultrasound improve the inhibition of gallocatechin gallate on tyrosinase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3896-3906. [PMID: 36321508 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), a catechin of tea polyphenols, possesses inhibitory ability against tyrosinase, but few studies have reported how common processing methods affect it. In this research, the influence of heating and ultrasound treatments on the inhibition of GCG against tyrosinase was explored by ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Both heating and ultrasound treatments of GCG alone improved GCG's inhibitory ability against tyrosinase compared with the untreated, and a combination of heating and ultrasound treatment (100 °C, 20 min + 630 W, 20 min) further decreased the relative tyrosinase activity to 26.8%. The treated GCG exhibited a stronger fluorescence quenching effect on tyrosinase, but did not have any influence on the static quenching mechanism. Compared to the untreated GCG, the binding constants of treated GCG by heating, ultrasound and their combination with tyrosinase significantly increased, but the number of binding sites was still approximately one and the main driving force of the treated GCG was still hydrophobic interaction. After treatments of heating, ultrasound and their combination, the composition of GCG solutions was changed. CONCLUSION The enhanced inhibition of treated GCG on tyrosinase may be due to partial conversion of GCG into epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), which may cooperate with GCG to better inhibit the enzyme activity. This study has provided some valuable information for the application of catechins against tyrosinase in food processing and cosmetic industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Change Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Kim HD, Choi H, Abekura F, Park JY, Yang WS, Yang SH, Kim CH. Naturally-Occurring Tyrosinase Inhibitors Classified by Enzyme Kinetics and Copper Chelation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098226. [PMID: 37175965 PMCID: PMC10178891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are three major assaying methods used to validate in vitro whitening activity from natural products: methods using mushroom tyrosinase, human tyrosinase, and dopachrome tautomerase (or tyrosinase-related protein-2, TRP-2). Whitening agent development consists of two ways, melanin synthesis inhibition in melanocytes and downregulation of melanocyte stimulation. For melanin levels, the melanocyte cell line has been used to examine melanin synthesis with the expression levels of TRP-1 and TRP-2. The proliferation of epidermal surfaced cells and melanocytes is stimulated by cellular signaling receptors, factors, or mediators including endothelin-1, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, nitric oxide, histamine, paired box 3, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, pyrimidine dimer, ceramide, stem cell factors, melanocortin-1 receptor, and cAMP. In addition, the promoter region of melanin synthetic genes including tyrosinase is upregulated by melanocyte-specific transcription factors. Thus, the inhibition of growth and melanin synthesis in gene expression levels represents a whitening research method that serves as an alternative to tyrosinase inhibition. Many researchers have recently presented the bioactivity-guided fractionation, discovery, purification, and identification of whitening agents. Melanogenesis inhibition can be obtained using three different methods: tyrosinase inhibition, copper chelation, and melanin-related protein downregulation. There are currently four different types of inhibitors characterized based on their enzyme inhibition mechanisms: competitive, uncompetitive, competitive/uncompetitive mixed-type, and noncompetitive inhibitors. Reversible inhibitor types act as suicide substrates, where traditional inhibitors are classified as inactivators and reversible inhibitors based on the molecule-recognizing properties of the enzyme. In a minor role, transcription factors can also be downregulated by inhibitors. Currently, the active site copper iron-binding inhibitors such as kojic acid and chalcone exhibit tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Because the tyrosinase catalysis site structure is important for the mechanism determination of tyrosinase inhibitors, understanding the enzyme recognition and inhibitory mechanism of inhibitors is essential for the new development of tyrosinase inhibitors. The present review intends to classify current natural products identified by means of enzyme kinetics and copper chelation to exhibit tyrosinase enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Do Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Choi
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Suk Yang
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), POSTECH, 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37676, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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12
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Taniguchi M, LaRocca CA, Bernat JD, Lindsey JS. Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1087-1119. [PMID: 36848595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) and band II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400-450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Connor A LaRocca
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jake D Bernat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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13
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Li G, Zhao Y, Qin Z, Wei S, Liang D, Liang Y, Song W, Ding B. Mechanistic Understanding of Tyrosinase Inhibition by Polymeric Proanthocyanidins from Acacia confusa Stem Bark and Their Effect on the Browning Resistance of Fresh-Cut Asparagus Lettuce. Molecules 2023; 28:3435. [PMID: 37110667 PMCID: PMC10143530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors are capable of preventing unfavorable enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. In this study, the capacity of Acacia confusa stem bark proanthocyanidins (ASBPs) to inhibit tyrosinase activity was evaluated. ASBPs were shown to be a high-potential inhibitor of tyrosinase with IC50 values of 92.49 ± 4.70 and 61.74 ± 8.93 μg/mL when using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as the substrate, respectively. The structural elucidation performed with UV-vis, FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and thiolysis coupled to HPLC-ESI-MS suggested that ASBPs had structural heterogeneity in monomer units and interflavan linkages and consisted mainly of procyanidins dominant with B-type linkages. To gain insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of ASBPs against tyrosinase, different spectroscopic and molecular docking methods were further conducted. Results validated that ASBPs possessed the ability to chelate copper ions and could prevent the oxidation process of substrates by tyrosinase. The hydrogen bond formed with Lys-376 residue played a key role in the binding force of ASBPs with tyrosinase that induced a certain alteration in the microenvironment and secondary structure of tyrosinase, resulting in the enzymatic activity being ultimately restricted. It was also observed that ASBPs treatment effectively inhibited the activities of PPO and POD to retard the surface browning of fresh-cut asparagus lettuce and thus extended their shelf-life. The results provided preliminary evidence supporting the exploitation of ASBPs into potential antibrowning agents for the fresh-cut food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yaying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Zeya Qin
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shudong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yun Liang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Baomiao Ding
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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14
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Gąsowska-Bajger B, Wojtasek H. Oxidation of baicalein by tyrosinase and by o-quinones. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123317. [PMID: 36682663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) has been previously described as an inhibitor of tyrosinase (Guo et al. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 118 (2018) 57-68). However, long before this article was published this flavonoid had been shown to be a substrate of this enzyme and a catecholic cofactor partially abolishing the lag-phase during oxidation of l-tyrosine. Other compounds with a 1,2,3-triphenol moiety, such as pyrogallol, gallic acid and its esters are also oxidized by tyrosinase. Gallic acid was also shown to reduce tyrosinase-generated o-quinones. We have demonstrated that baicalein is also rapidly oxidized by o-quinones generated from catechols by tyrosinase or by treatment with sodium periodate. Smaller changes of absorbance at 475 nm during oxidation of l-dopa by tyrosinase in the presence of baicalein do not result from enzyme inhibition but from reduction of dopaquinone by baicalein. This reaction prevents formation of dopachrome giving an effect of inhibition, which is only apparent. The actual reaction rates did not decrease but increased in the presence of baicalein, which we demonstrated by measurements of oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert Wojtasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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15
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Li J, Li C, Peng X, Li S, Liu B, Chu C. Recent discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines and screening methods. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115951. [PMID: 36410577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tyrosinase, the key rate-limiting enzyme for melanogenesis, is one of the main targets for skin senescence and some pigmented skin diseases, such as albinism and melanoma. Tyrosinase inhibitors are capable of reducing melanin generation and deposition in the skin through blocking the reaction chain of formation. Thus, it has been used for anti-melanoma and showed the potential to be developed into novel skin whitening and spot removing products. With the trend of back-to-nature, natural tyrosinase inhibitors are receiving more and more attention. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as the promising source of novel chemotypes and pharmacophores, are huge treasures for the discovery of natural tyrosinase inhibitors characterized with green, safe, and highly efficient. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide a systematic overview of natural tyrosinase inhibitors and a detailed summary of the types of TCMs from which they originate. In addition, this paper also highlights the screening methods developed for exploring tyrosinase inhibitors in recent years, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various methods under the guidance of different screening principles, and predicts their applications in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature have been obtained using the keywords "tyrosinase inhibitors", "traditional Chinese medicines", "whitening", and "screening" in scientific databases, such as "PubMed", "SciFinder", "Web of Science", "Elsevier", "China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases". Information was also collected from Chinese pharmacopoeia, Chinese herbal classics books, "Google Scholar", "Baidu Scholar", and other literature sources, etc. RESULTS: An overview about the tyrosinase inhibitors derived from TCMs since 2002 has been compiled via the above-mentioned sources. Up to now, 186 components, mainly belonging to flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, Diels-Alder adducts, simple phenylpropanoids and stilbenes, from 61 kinds of TCMs have been reported to possess tyrosinase inhibitory activity, among which flavonoids are mainly focused on. Furthermore, on the basis of bioactive detection strategies, the screening methods for tyrosinase inhibitors have been classified into bioaffinity-based, intrinsic enzymatic-based, and computer-aided drug design (CADD). Precisely because screening approaches are essential for rapid identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from TCMs, the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and specific applications of each method are presented along with a comparison of applicability. CONCLUSIONS The summary of TCMs-derived inhibitors gives a clue on the discovery of candidates with the property to whiten the skin. Meanwhile, the outlook of developed screening methods provides technical references for the efficient exploration of safer and more effective tyrosinase inhibitors from TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chenyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, China
| | - Bingrui Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
| | - Chu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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16
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Thermodynamics driving phytochemical self-assembly morphological change and efficacy enhancement originated from single and co-decoction of traditional chinese medicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:527. [PMID: 36510210 PMCID: PMC9743513 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the self-assembled strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of the existing drugs is the focus of current research. Herbal formula granule is a kind of modern dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has sprung up in recent decades. However, whether it is equivalent to the TCM decoction that has been used for thousands of years has always been a controversial issue. In this paper, taking the herb pair of Coptidis Rhizoma-Scutellariae Radix and its main component berberine-baicalin as examples, the differences and mechanisms of self-assemblies originated from the co-decoction and physical mixture were studied, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between the morphology and antibacterial effects of self-assemblies was illuminated via multi-technology. Our study revealed that the physical mixture's morphology of both the herb pair and the phytochemicals was nanofibers (NFs), while their co-decoction's morphology was nanospheres (NPs). We also found that the antibacterial activity was enhanced with the change of self-assemblies' morphology after the driving by thermal energy. This might be attributed to that NPs could influence amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in bacteria. Current study provides a basis that co-decoction maybe beneficial to enhance activity and reasonable use of herbal formula granule in clinic.
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17
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Ji H, Yu Z, Zhao W. Colla corii asini–
derived peptides as tyrosinase inhibitors: Identification, inhibitory activity, and molecular mechanism. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhuo Ji
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University 570228 Haikou P.R. China
- School of Food and Health Beijing Technology and Business University, Bejing, 100048 China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University 570228 Haikou P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University 570228 Haikou P.R. China
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18
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Guo Z, Zhang L, Chen Q, Han M, Liu W. Monophenolase assay using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and ELMAN neural network assisted by whale optimization algorithm. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114838. [PMID: 35961401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays a vital role for melanogenesis and inherently involves both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity. Monophenolase catalyzes hydroxylation of tyrosine to l-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). Real-time monophenolase assay method is of outstanding interest for both scientific research and industrial application. A combined strategy of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and artificial neural network was developed to determine monophenolase activity. A quantitation system for tyrosine in presence of l-DOPA was designed based on ELMAN neural network. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of fluorescence spectra. Four principal components was used as input variables. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was implemented to optimize the initial weights and threshold network. Real-time concentration of tyrosine in monophenolase reaction was monitored to calculate the initial velocity for tyrosine consumption. The exclusive monophenolase activity without interference from diphenolase reaction was determined. Limit of detection (LOD) for monophenolase assay is 0.0113 U mL-1. Using the proposed method, enzyme kinetics for monophenolase was investigate. Km was calculated as 14.16 μM. Inhibitor for monophenolase was screened by using model molecule kojic acid with IC50 of 3.49 μM. The assay method exhibited a promising prospect to characterize the kinetics and inhibitor of monophenolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qinfei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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19
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He Y, Suyama TL, Kim H, Glukhov E, Gerwick WH. Discovery of Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitors From Marine Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912621. [PMID: 35910604 PMCID: PMC9329053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, an important oxidase involved in the primary immune response in humans, can sometimes become problematic as it can catalyze undesirable oxidation reactions. Therefore, for decades there has been a strong pharmaceutical interest in the discovery of novel inhibitors of this enzyme. Recent studies have also indicated that tyrosinase inhibitors can potentially be used in the treatment of melanoma cancer. Over the years, many new tyrosinase inhibitors have been discovered from various natural sources; however, marine natural products (MNPs) have contributed only a small number of promising candidates. Therefore, in this study we focused on the discovery of new MNP tyrosinase inhibitors of marine cyanobacterial and algal origins. A colorimetric tyrosinase inhibitory assay was used to screen over 4,500 marine extracts against mushroom tyrosinase (A. bisporus). Our results revealed that scytonemin monomer (ScyM), a pure compound from our compound library and also the monomeric last-step precursor in the biosynthesis of the well-known cyanobacterial sunscreen pigment “scytonemin,” consistently showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory score. Determination of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) further indicated that ScyM is more potent than the commonly used commercial inhibitor standard “kojic acid” (KA; IC50 of ScyM: 4.90 μM vs. IC50 of KA: 11.31 μM). After a scaled-up chemical synthesis of ScyM as well as its O-methyl analog (ScyM-OMe), we conducted a series of follow-up studies on their structures, inhibitory properties, and mode of inhibition. Our results supported ScyM as the second case ever of a novel tyrosinase inhibitory compound based on a marine cyanobacterial natural product. The excellent in vitro performance of ScyM makes it a promising candidate for applications such as a skin-whitening agent or an adjuvant therapy for melanoma cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan He
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yifan He,
| | - Takashi L. Suyama
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Waynesburg University, Waynesburg, PA, United States
- Takashi L. Suyama,
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Evgenia Glukhov
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- William H. Gerwick,
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20
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Wang A, Wang J, Wu X, Wu Y, Fu Y, Sun H. Insights into interactions between food polyphenols and proteins: an updated overview. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Design Huangshan University Huangshan China
| | - Yang Xie
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Center Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Chongqing China
| | - Aidong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Design Huangshan University Huangshan China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaoran Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Design Huangshan University Huangshan China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Design Huangshan University Huangshan China
| | - Yuna Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
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21
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Zhang L, Shang Q, Zhao Y, Ran Z, Chen C, Tang W, Liu W. Real-time and simultaneous assay of monophenolase and diphenolase activity in tyrosinase catalyzed cascade reactions by combination of three-way calibration and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2439-2452. [PMID: 35099585 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A real-time assay for multiple enzyme activities in cascade reactions is required for research on metabolism and bioengineering. Tyrosinase has the bifunctional activity of monophenolase and diphenolase. A combined strategy of three-way calibration with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence was developed for real-time and simultaneous determination of monophenolase and diphenolase activity with tyrosine as a substrate. Mathematical separation and second-order advantage were utilized to solve spectral overlapping and uncalibrated interferents during complex dynamic enzymatic processes. Kinetic evolution profiles of EEM were monitored to stack a fusion three-way data array together with static samples. Using a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm, pseudo-univariate calibration curves with limits of detection (LODs) of 3.00 μM and 0.85 μM were established to simultaneously and real-time measure tyrosine and DOPA. Progress curves for tyrosine consumption by monophenolase and DOPA consumption by diphenolase were obtained using the law of mass conservation to calculate the initial velocity. The LODs for monophenolase and diphenolase were 0.0232 U⋅mL-1 and 0.0316 U⋅mL-1. The method achieved real-time and simultaneous assays of multiple enzyme activities in cascade reactions. It showed potential application in the metabolic pathway and biochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuanze Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhaoqi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Weikang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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22
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He T, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Hu Z, Wang K. Longan seed polyphenols inhibit α-amylase activity and reduce postprandial glycemic response in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:12338-12346. [PMID: 34825681 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of longan seed polyphenols (LSPs) on postprandial glycemic response in mice were investigated, enzyme inhibition kinetics of LSPs against α-amylase were studied using an inhibition assay in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms were discussed by analyzing the impacts of LSPs on the structure of α-amylase using multispectral approaches. The results showed LSPs significantly suppressed blood glucose response in a dose-dependent manner. Enzyme inhibition analysis demonstrated LSPs inhibited α-amylase activity in a mixed type (IC50 3.02 mg mL-1). UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching spectroscopy suggest LSPs tend to bind with α-amylase through static interaction at one binding site, mainly through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The secondary structure of α-amylase was changed by LSPs as reviewed by circular dichroism, showing a more compact skeleton and more flexible loop of α-amylase. This hinders the substrate from reaching the binding site of the enzyme, resulting in reduced enzyme activity. These suggest the potential application of LSPs as a hypoglycemic agent in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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23
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Obaid RJ, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Natural and synthetic flavonoid derivatives as new potential tyrosinase inhibitors: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22159-22198. [PMID: 35480807 PMCID: PMC9034236 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional glycosylated and copper-containing oxidase that is highly prevalent in plants and animals and plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the two key steps of melanogenesis: tyrosine's hydroxylation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and oxidation of the latter species to dopaquinone. Melanin guards against the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation which is known to produce considerable pathological disorders such as skin cancer, among others. Moreover, the overproduction of melanin can create aesthetic problems along with serious disorders linked to hyperpigmented spots or patches on skin. Several skin-whitening products which reduce melanogenesis activity and alleviate hyperpigmentation are commercially available. A few of them, particularly those obtained from natural sources and that incorporate a phenolic scaffold, have been exploited in the cosmetic industry. In this context, synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors (TIs) with elevated efficacy and fewer side effects are direly needed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries owing to their protective effect against pigmentation and dermatological disorders. Furthermore, the biological significance of the chromone skeleton and its associated medicinal and bioactive properties has drawn immense interest and inspired many researchers to design and develop novel anti-tyrosinase agents based on the flavonoid core (2-arylchromone). This review article is oriented to provide an insight and a deeper understanding of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of an array of natural and bioinspired phenolic compounds with special emphasis on flavonoids to demonstrate how the position of ring substituents and their interaction with tyrosinase could be correlated with their effectiveness or lack thereof against inhibiting the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University 888-Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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24
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Chen R, Shi Y, Liu G, Tao Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Li L. Spectroscopic studies and molecular docking on the interaction of delphinidin-3-O-galactoside with tyrosinase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1327-1338. [PMID: 34051112 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (DG) on the activities of tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) (TY) from the edible Agaricus bisporus mushroom were investigated by enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic methods, and molecular docking. As a result, DG showed strong inhibition on TY with the IC50 of 34.14 × 10-6 mol L-1 . The inhibition mode of DG against TY was mixed type with α values of 5.09. The binding constant Ka and related thermodynamic parameters at the three different temperatures showed that the fluorescence quenching of TY by DG was static quenching. Synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopies confirmed that the conformation or microenvironment of the TY protein were changed after binding with DG. Molecular docking revealed that DG had strong binding affinity to TY through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force, and the results were consistent with the fluorescence data. Our findings suggested that DG may be potential TY inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongda Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurui Shi
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhou Tao
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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25
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Xu H, Li X, Xin X, Mo L, Zou Y, Zhao G, Yu Y, Chen K. Antityrosinase Mechanism and Antimelanogenic Effect of Arbutin Esters Synthesis Catalyzed by Whole-Cell Biocatalyst. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4243-4252. [PMID: 33821640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables and skin disorders due to overproduction of melanin. Arbutin is an inhibitor of tyrosinase; however, its high polarity and weak transdermal absorption capacity limit its applications. In this paper, a green solvent system was developed to successfully synthesize arbutin esters with improved liposolubilities (Clog P values = 0.27-5.03). Among the obtained esters, arbutin undecenoate (AU) showed the strongest tyrosinase-inhibiting activity (15.6%), which was 9.0 times higher than that of arbutin. An enzyme kinetics study indicated that AU was a competitive inhibitor with reversible inhibition. The esters inhibited tyrosinase by making the secondary structure of tyrosinase looser and less stable; moreover, the interactions between tyrosinase and AU driven by metal interactions and hydrogen bonds also offered a mechanism for inhibition of AU on tyrosinase. In addition, AU (100 μM) reduced the melanin content of B16 mouse melanoma cells to 61.3% of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lan Mo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yucong Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kebing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
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26
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Mani A, Ahamed A, Ali D, Alarifi S, Akbar I. Dopamine-Mediated Vanillin Multicomponent Derivative Synthesis via Grindstone Method: Application of Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Cytotoxic Activities. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:787-802. [PMID: 33654383 PMCID: PMC7914109 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the extent of contribution of dopamine to antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, by dopamine addition to vanillin. This study achieved the synthesis of dopamine-associated vanillin Mannich base derivatives prepared via a one-step reaction involving a green chemistry approach, and investigation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Methods Novel one-pot synthesis of Mannich base dopamine-connected vanillin (1a-l) derivatives can be achieved via green chemistry without using a catalyst. Newly-prepared compounds were characterised with FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. In total, 12 compounds (1a-l) were synthesised and their antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities evaluated. Antioxidant activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and diammonium assays, ABTS•+ radical scavenging, and linoleic acid peroxidation were used to screen all synthesised compounds (1a-l) for anti-tyrosinase activities and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Vero cell lines;. Results The compound 1k inhibited (IC50:11.02µg/mL) the DPPH-scavenging activity to a greater extent than the standard BHT (IC50:25.17µg/mL), and showed high activity in H2O2 and NO scavenging assays. Compound 1e was more potent (96.21%) against ABTS and compound 1k was more potent (95.28%) against 2,2ʹ-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride antioxidant than the standard trolox. All synthesised compounds were screened for anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Compound 1e had higher activity against tyrosinase (IC50=10.63 µg/mL), than kojic acid (IC50=21.52µg/mL), and was more cytotoxic (GI50 0.01µM) against MCF-7 cell line than the doxorubicin standard and other tested compounds. Conclusion In this study, all compounds were found to possess significant antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Compounds 1e and 1k performed well, compared with other compounds, in all assays. In addition, this study successfully identified several promising molecules that exhibited antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunadevi Mani
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti -621007, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anis Ahamed
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idhayadhulla Akbar
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti -621007, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Yu Q, Fan L. Understanding the combined effect and inhibition mechanism of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and ferulic acid as tyrosinase inhibitors. Food Chem 2021; 352:129369. [PMID: 33706137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of tyrosinase inhibitors to prevent the enzymatic browning have become a research hotspot in food industry. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) are both the derivates of cinnamic acids, which are widely coexisted in plants seeds and leaves. CA combined with FA (inhibition rate of 90.44%) were found to effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity than employing CA and FA alone (inhibition rate of 12.15% and 22.17%, respectively). CA-FA-tyrosinase complex resulted in fluorescence quenching. The first-order kinetics and Weibull models well described the inactivation of tyrosinase at 2-4 mM and 6-10 mM of CA and FA, respectively. Additionally, UV-vis spectrum indicated that several characteristic groups such as hydroxyl group in CA competed with the nucleophilic attack of intramolecular cyclization, leading to the decrease of characteristic peak. Molecular docking further studied that CA and FA interacted with the activity cavity of tyrosinase by amino acids residues Ser282, His263, and Val283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborat Innovat Ctr Food Safety & Qual Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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28
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Galeb HA, Wilkinson EL, Stowell AF, Lin H, Murphy ST, Martin‐Hirsch PL, Mort RL, Taylor AM, Hardy JG. Melanins as Sustainable Resources for Advanced Biotechnological Applications. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000102. [PMID: 33552556 PMCID: PMC7857133 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a class of biopolymers that are widespread in nature and have diverse origins, chemical compositions, and functions. Their chemical, electrical, optical, and paramagnetic properties offer opportunities for applications in materials science, particularly for medical and technical uses. This review focuses on the application of analytical techniques to study melanins in multidisciplinary contexts with a view to their use as sustainable resources for advanced biotechnological applications, and how these may facilitate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Galeb
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Department of ChemistryScience and Arts CollegeRabigh CampusKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma L. Wilkinson
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Alison F. Stowell
- Department of Organisation, Work and TechnologyLancaster University Management SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YXUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Samuel T. Murphy
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Pierre L. Martin‐Hirsch
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustRoyal Preston HospitalSharoe Green LanePrestonPR2 9HTUK
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Adam M. Taylor
- Lancaster Medical SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
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29
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Li L, Cai Y, Sun X, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H, Yang Y, Chen F. Tyrosinase inhibition by p-coumaric acid ethyl ester identified from camellia pollen. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:389-400. [PMID: 33473301 PMCID: PMC7802545 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A tyrosinase inhibitor was separated from camellia pollen with the aid of solvent fraction, macroporous adsorptive resin chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The inhibitor was identified to be p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (p-CAEE) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum. Its inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.89 μg/ml) was about 10-fold stronger than arbutin (IC50 = 51.54 μg/ml). The p-CAEE inhibited tyrosinase in a noncompetitive model with the K I and K m of 1.83 μg/ml and 0.52 mM, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed the p-CAEE quenched an intrinsic fluorescence tyrosinase. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis showed the p-CAEE did not interact with copper ions of the enzyme. Docking simulation implied the p-CAEE induced a conformational change in the catalytic region and thus changed binding forces of L-tyrosine. Our findings suggest that p-CAEE plays an important role in inhibiting tyrosinase and provides a reference for developing pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fruit preservation products using pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Yuchen Cai
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
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30
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Wu F, Song XM, Qiu YL, Zheng HQ, Hu FL, Li HL. Unique dynamic mode between Artepillin C and human serum albumin implies the characteristics of Brazilian green propolis representative bioactive component. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17277. [PMID: 33057209 PMCID: PMC7560867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a representative bioactive component in Brazil green propolis, Artepillin C (ArtC; 3, 5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) has been reported a wide variety of physiological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity etc. However, it seems incompatible that ArtC in vivo was characterized as low absorption efficiency and low bioavailability. In order to obtain the elucidation, we further investigated the physicochemical basis of ArtC interacting with human serum albumin (HSA) in vitro. We found a unique dynamic mode interaction between ArtC and HSA, which is completely different from other reported propolis bioactive components. Thermodynamic analysis showed that hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces are the main driving force. The competitive assay indicates that the binding site of ArtC with HSA is close to the Sudlow’s site I. The findings of this study reveal the unique physicochemical transport mechanism of ArtC in the human body, which helps to further understand the uniqueness of the representative functional components of Brazilian green propolis in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xin-Mi Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi-Lei Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huo-Qing Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu-Liang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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31
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Guo XY, Lv YQ, Ye Y, Liu ZY, Zheng XQ, Lu JL, Liang YR, Ye JH. Polyphenol oxidase dominates the conversions of flavonol glycosides in tea leaves. Food Chem 2020; 339:128088. [PMID: 32979714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavonol glycosides are associated with astringency and bitterness of teas. To clarify the dominant enzymatic reaction of flavonol glycosides in tea leaves, the catalytic effects of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and β-glucosidase were studied, with the maintaining rates of total flavonol glycosides (TFG) being 73.0%, 99.8% and 94.3%. PPO was selected for further investigations, including the effects of pH value (3.5 ~ 6.5), temperature (25 °C ~ 55 °C) and dosage (39 ~ 72 U/mL PPO and 36 U/mL PPO, 3 ~ 36 U/mL POD). The oxidation of flavonol glycosides were intensified at pH 6.5, with 51.8% and 15.4% of TFG maintained after PPO and PPO + POD treatments, suggesting an enhancement from POD. The sensitivity ranking to PPO was: myricetin glycosides > quercetin glycosides > kaempferol glycosides. The inhibitor treatment testified the leading role of PPO in catalyzing flavonol glycosides in tea leaves. Sugar moiety enhanced the docking affinity of flavonol glycosides for PPO. PPO shows the potential of modifying flavonol glycoside composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Guo
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze-Ye Liu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Guo N, You X, Wu Y, Du D, Zhang L, Shang Q, Liu W. Continuous Fluorometric Method for Determining the Monophenolase Activity of Tyrosinase on L-Tyrosine, through Quenching L-DOPA Fluorescence by Borate. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5780-5786. [PMID: 32204589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis and inherently involves both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity. A continuous fluorometric assay method was developed for the first time to directly monitor the real monophenolase activity without the interference of diphenolase reactions through exclusively quenching the native fluorescence of DOPA by borate. Complexation with borate at pH 8.0 allowed for selective quantitation of tyrosine in a binary mixture of tyrosine and DOPA at 335 nm. The time course for consumption of tyrosine was established to measure the initial velocity by recording the tyrosine fluorescence intensity at discrete intervals. The assay worked in the monophenolase activity range from 0.13 to 2.01 U mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.10 U mL-1. The assay method exhibited a promising prospect in application in kinetics of monophenolase and high throughput screening for monophenolase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xue You
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Dong Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Interaction characterization of 5−hydroxymethyl−2−furaldehyde with human serum albumin: Binding characteristics, conformational change and mechanism. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Dong X, Wang S, Xu L, Lin J, Xu X. Inhibitory mechanism of Penicillin V on mushroom tyrosinase. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:967-975. [PMID: 31749120 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin V is a bacteriolytic β-lactam antibiotic drug. In the present work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Penicillin V on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase for the first time. The molecular mechanism for the inhibition of tyrosinase by Penicillin V was investigated by means of kinetics analysis, fluorescence quenching and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that Penicillin V could inhibit both monophenolase and diphenolase activities with IC50 of 16.6 ± 0.5 and 11.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L, respectively. The inhibitory type of Penicillin V on mushroom was mixed type, and the values of KI and KIS were 13.46 and 17.26 mmol/L, respectively. The fluorescence quenching and molecular docking showed that Penicillin V could form static interaction near the catalytic pocket of the enzyme to hinder the transportation of substrate to the active site, as well as reduce the copper plasticity for catalysis. Our results contributed to the usage of Penicillin V as a novel tyrosinase inhibitor with dual effect in field of antimicrobial and food preservation and could also provide guidance for the design of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Tuolong Biotechnological Developmental Ltd Co., Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Lian Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Xinqi Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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Yang Y, Sun X, Ni H, Du X, Chen F, Jiang Z, Li Q. Identification and Characterization of the Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Caffeine from Camellia Pollen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12741-12751. [PMID: 31659899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors are important in cosmetic, medical, and food industries due to their regulation of melanin production. A tyrosinase inhibitor was purified from Camellia pollen using high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and was identified as caffeine by NMR and mass spectrometry. It showed strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 18.5 ± 2.31 μg/mL in a noncompetitive model. The caffeine did not interact with copper ions in the active center of the enzyme but could quench fluorescence intensity and change the secondary conformation of this tyrosinase. A molecular dynamics simulation showed that caffeine bound this tyrosinase via Lys379, Lys 376, Asp357, Glu356, Thr308, Gln307, Asp312, and Trp358, thus changing the binding sites of l-tyrosine and the loop conformation adjacent to the active center. In vitro cell model analysis revealed that caffeine exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production of B16-F10 melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These comprehensive results suggest that caffeine is a strong tyrosinase inhibitor that has the potential to be developed as skin-whitening agents in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries or as antibrowning agents in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
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Yu L, Chen L, Luo G, Liu L, Zhu W, Yan P, Zhang P, Zhang C, Wu W. Study on Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Aryl Substituted Xanthone Derivatives as Novel and Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1232-1241. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Liandi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Guolin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Licai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Pengke Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
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38
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Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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Yin XS, Zhang XQ, Yin JT, Kong DZ, Li DQ. Screening and identification of potential tyrosinase inhibitors from Semen Oroxyli extract by ultrafiltration LC-MS and in silico molecular docking. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:838-846. [PMID: 31504273 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in screening and developing natural tyrosinase inhibitors widely applied in medicinal and cosmetic products, as well as in the food industry. In this study, an approach by ultrafiltration LC-MS and molecular docking was used to screen and identify tyrosinase inhibitors from Semen Oroxyli extract. The samples were first incubated with the tyrosinase to select the optimal binding conditions including tyrosinase concentration, incubation time and the molecular weight of ultrafiltration membrane. By comparison of the chromatographic profiles of the extracts after ultrafiltration with activated and inactivated tyrosinase, the potential inhibitors were obtained and then identified by LC-MS. The relative binding affinities of the potential inhibitors were also calculated based on the decrease of peak areas of those. As a result, seven compounds were fished out as tyrosinase inhibitors by this assay. Among them, oroxin A and baicalein showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory than resveratrol as positive drug, and their binding mode with enzyme was further verified via the molecular docking analysis. The test results showed that the proposed method was a simple, rapid, effective, and reliable method for the discovery of natural bioactive compounds, and it can be extended to screen other bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-shuo Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - Xue-qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - Jin-tuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - De-zhi Kong
- School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - De-qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
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41
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Yu Q, Fan L, Duan Z. Five individual polyphenols as tyrosinase inhibitors: Inhibitory activity, synergistic effect, action mechanism, and molecular docking. Food Chem 2019; 297:124910. [PMID: 31253292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols can inhibit the enzymatic browning in food, but their indistinct synergistic effect and conformational change have limited their applications. In this paper, the mixture of quercetin, cinnamic acid and ferulic acid (Group 11, KI = 0.239 mM) possessed a higher inhibition ability than quercetin (KI = 0.361 mM), which could promote the spontaneous binding process. The final Group 11-tyrosinase complex is more stable, and the hydrophobic effect is the major driving force during the binding process. Moreover, there is not a direct relationship between the destruction of secondary structures and catalytic activity of tyrosinase. The interaction between ferulic acid and tyrosinase could destroy the secondary structures of enzyme but it had little impact on the tyrosinase activity. Molecular docking suggested that three polyphenols from Group 11 have synergistic effect on tyrosinase. This study provides new perspectives about the development of tyrosinase inhibitors in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Guangxi 542899, China
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