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Vega-López A, Lara-Vega I, Atonal-Brioso G, Nájera-Martínez M. Neurotoxicant effects of bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and tert‑butyl phenol in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106868. [PMID: 38387248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide production of alkyl phenols and ethoxylated alkyl phenols is high due to their broad industrial uses. It has been widely documented that they are endocrine disruptors, and it has been suggested that they could exert neurotoxic effects. However, a lack of information about the neurotoxic effects of APs and APEs prevails. In this study, the bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP), and 3‑tert-butylphenol (tertBP) effects on brain and spinal cord of Nile tilapia exposed to environmental concentrations were evaluated by assessing acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and carboxylesterases (CES) activities, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and their effects were evaluated by molecular docking. BPA and NP, tertBP behave as agonists and antagonists of AChE, BuChE, CES, and GABA, with notable differences among organs. However, none of these compounds or their metabolites interact with the enzymes' catalytic triad, suggesting an indirect alteration of enzymatic activities. While inhibiting these enzymes stand out hydrophobic interactions with the peripheral anion site, contacts with the inner face of the active site and blocking the mouth of the gorge of the active site, and steric hindrance in the enzyme pocket of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In contrast, inductions probably are by homotropic pseudo-cooperative phenomenon, where APEs behave as anchors favoring the active site to remain open and interactions that confer a conservative stabilization of the regulatory domain. Although the results of this study are complex, with notable differences between organs and toxicants, they are some of the first evidence of the neurotoxicity of alkylphenols and their ethoxylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México City CP 07738, Mexico.
| | - Israel Lara-Vega
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México City CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Genaro Atonal-Brioso
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México City CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Minerva Nájera-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México City CP 07738, Mexico
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Lu HL, Jin JH, Liang SC, Feng CW, Li ZM, Zhao FG, Liu X, Shen YM. Photocatalytic Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Multifunctional Diaryl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16547-16555. [PMID: 37971809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic three-component reaction of a nitroarene, a thiophenol, and a ketone for the synthesis of multifunctional diaryl sulfides was reported using a nitro group as the nitrogen source and thiophenol as the sulfur source. Thiophenol also serves as a proton donor to reduce nitroarene to arylamine as a key intermediate for the formation of C-N and C-S bonds. Good functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions make this method have practical synthetic value for diversified multifunctional diaryl sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Shang-Chuang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Chuan-Wei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Fu-Gang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
| | - Xunshan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
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Li HX, Sun MR, Zhang Y, Song LL, Zhang F, Song YQ, Hou XD, Ge GB. Human Carboxylesterase 1A Plays a Predominant Role in Hydrolysis of the Anti-Dyslipidemia Agent Fenofibrate in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1490-1498. [PMID: 37550069 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a marketed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, has been widely used for treating severe hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia. As a canonical prodrug, fenofibrate can be rapidly hydrolyzed to release the active metabolite (fenofibric acid) in vivo, but the crucial enzyme(s) responsible for fenofibrate hydrolysis and the related hydrolytic kinetics have not been well-investigated. This study aimed to assign the key organs and crucial enzymes involved in fenofibrate hydrolysis in humans, as well as reveal the impact of fenofibrate hydrolysis on its non-PPAR-mediated biologic activities. Our results demonstrated that fenofibrate could be rapidly hydrolyzed in the preparations from both human liver and lung to release fenofibric acid. Reaction phenotyping assays coupling with chemical inhibition assays showed that human carboxylesterase 1A (hCES1A) played a predominant role in fenofibrate hydrolysis in human liver and lung, while human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A) and human monoacylglycerol esterase (hMAGL) contributed to a very lesser extent. Kinetic analyses showed that fenofibrate could be rapidly hydrolyzed by hCES1A in human liver preparations, while the inherent clearance of hCES1A-catalyzed fenofibrate hydrolysis is much higher (>200-fold) than than that of hCES2A or hMAGL. Biologic assays demonstrated that both fenofibrate and fenofibric acid showed very closed Nrf2 agonist effects, but fenofibrate hydrolysis strongly weakens its inhibitory effects against both hCES2A and hNtoum. Collectively, our findings reveal that the liver is the major organ and hCES1A is the predominant enzyme-catalyzing fenofibrate hydrolysis in humans, while fenofibrate hydrolysis significantly reduces inhibitory effects of fenofibrate against serine hydrolases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fenofibrate can be completely converted to fenofibric acid in humans and subsequently exert its pharmacological effects, but the hydrolytic pathways of fenofibrate in humans have not been well-investigated. This study reported that the liver was the predominant organ and human carboxylesterase 1A was the crucial enzyme involved in fenofibrate hydrolysis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
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Luo X, Lu F, Yin Z, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zhang H. Hormetic effects of EGC and EGCG on CES1 activity and its rescue from oxidative stress in rat liver S9. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110612. [PMID: 37353134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that plays an important role in the activation or deactivation of many therapeutic agents, thus affecting their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes. Using rat liver S9 as an enzyme source and enalapril as a CES1 substrate, the present study examined effects of a number of flavonoids on the formation of enalaprilat (the active form of enalapril) produced by CES1-mediated hydrolysis. While a majority of flavonoids tested showed inhibition on CES1, an unexpected hormetic effect was observed for epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), i.e., stimulatory effect at low concentrations and enzyme inhibition at high concentrations. Further experiments revealed that oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, arachidonic acid plus iron, and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLOL) reduced CES1 activity in rat liver S9 and the loss of CES1 enzyme activity could be rescued largely by EGC or EGCG. In contrast, such effects were minimal in human liver S9, probably due to the presence of a higher ratio of reduced vs oxidized forms of glutathione. The above findings suggest that the polyphenolic nature of EGC or EGCG might be responsible for rescuing CES1 activity under oxidative stress. Because of the importance of CES1 in drug activation or deactivation and rat liver S9 as a versatile in vitro system used for drug metabolism studies and drug safety assessment, caution should be exercised to avoid potential biases for data interpretation and decision making when CES1 activity in rat liver S9 is evaluated with dependency on experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feifei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyue Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Wu T, Xiang L, Gao R, Wu L, Deng G, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Shen L, Chen S, Liu X, Yin Q. Integrated multi-omics analysis and microbial recombinant protein system reveal hydroxylation and glycosylation involving nevadensin biosynthesis in Lysionotus pauciflorus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:195. [PMID: 36123741 PMCID: PMC9484059 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Karst-adapted plant, Lysionotus pauciflours accumulates special secondary metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological effects for surviving in drought and high salty areas, while researchers focused more on their environmental adaptations and evolutions. Nevadensin (5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone), the main active component in L. pauciflours, has unique bioactivity of such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, and anti-tumor or cancer. Complex decoration of nevadensin, such as hydroxylation and glycosylation of the flavone skeleton determines its diversity and biological activities. The lack of omics data limits the exploration of accumulation mode and biosynthetic pathway. Herein, we integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbial recombinant protein system to reveal hydroxylation and glycosylation involving nevadensin biosynthesis in L. pauciflours. Results Up to 275 flavonoids were found to exist in L. pauciflorus by UPLC-MS/MS based on widely targeted metabolome analysis. The special flavone nevadensin (5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone) is enriched in different tissues, as are its related glycosides. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was drawn based on differential transcripts analysis, including 9 PAL, 5 C4H, 8 4CL, 6 CHS, 3 CHI, 1 FNSII, and over 20 OMTs. Total 310 LpCYP450s were classified into 9 clans, 36 families, and 35 subfamilies, with 56% being A-type CYP450s by phylogenetic evolutionary analysis. According to the phylogenetic tree with AtUGTs, 187 LpUGTs clustered into 14 evolutionary groups (A-N), with 74% being E, A, D, G, and K groups. Two LpCYP82D members and LpUGT95 were functionally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli, respectively. CYP82D-8 and CYP82D-1 specially hydroxylate the 6- or 8-position of A ring in vivo and in vitro, dislike the function of F6H or F8H discovered in basil which functioned depending on A-ring substituted methoxy. These results refreshed the starting mode that apigenin can be firstly hydroxylated on A ring in nevadensin biosynthesis. Furthermore, LpUGT95 clustered into the 7-OGT family was verified to catalyze 7-O glucosylation of nevadensin accompanied with weak nevadensin 5-O glucosylation function, firstly revealed glycosylation modification of flavones with completely substituted A-ring. Conclusions Metabolomic and full-length transcriptomic association analysis unveiled the accumulation mode and biosynthetic pathway of the secondary metabolites in the karst-adapted plant L. pauciflorus. Moreover, functional identification of two LpCYP82D members and one LpUGT in microbe reconstructed the pathway of nevadensin biosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01921-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Wu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhang J, Xiao M, Ji X, Lai YS, Song Q, Zhang Y, Ip CM, Ng WL, Zuo Z. Inhibition of Radix Scutellariae flavones on carboxylesterase mediated activations of prodrugs. Life Sci 2022; 305:120743. [PMID: 35780840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an essential role in the hydrolysis of ester prodrugs. Our study explored the inhibitions of Radix Scutellariae flavones, including baicalein (B), baicalin (BG), wogonin (W), wogonoside (WG), oroxylin A (OXA) and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (OAG), on CES-mediated hydrolysis of seven prodrugs (capecitabine, clopidogrel, mycophenolate mofetil, dabigatran etexilate, acetylsalicylic acid, prasugrel and irinotecan). MAIN METHODS In vitro screenings were developed by incubating the flavones with prodrugs in rat plasma, intestine S9 and liver S9. Docking simulations were conducted using AMDock v1.5.2. In vivo evaluations were performed in rats co-administered with the selected flavone and prodrug via oral gavage/intravenous administration for five consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro investigation showed that B and OXA demonstrated strongest inhibitions on the hydrolysis of irinotecan followed by dabigatran in rat plasma, intestine S9 and liver S9. Consistent results showed in the molecular docking analyses. Additionally, in rats receiving irinotecan, B/OXA intravenous and oral pre-treatments both led to reduction trends on the active metabolite SN-38 formation in plasma. Besides, significant decreases of SN-38/irinotecan plasma concentration ratios were found in the B/OXA oral pre-treatment group with quicker and stronger inhibition potential in OXA pre-treatment than that from B pre-treatment. OXA oral pre-treatment was also found to be able to significantly inhibit intestinal CES2 activities at 0.5 h and 5 h after irinotecan administration. SIGNIFICANCE Our current findings for the first time alert on potential CES-mediated HDIs between RS flavones and prodrugs, which provide a constructive information referring to rational drug combinations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuen Sze Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qianbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chung Man Ip
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai Lung Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Müller L, Keuter L, Bücksteeg D, Uebel T, Wilken M, Schürmann L, Behrens M, Humpf HU, Esselen M. Metabolic conjugation reduces in vitro toxicity of the flavonoid nevadensin. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113006. [PMID: 35436549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the association between metabolic capacity and toxicity of the natural occurring flavonoid nevadensin in vitro. Human colon (HT29), liver (HepG2) and bone marrow (KG1) carcinoma cells were used and strong cell line dependent differences in toxic effect strength were found. HepG2 and KG1 cells were more sensitive against nevadensin treatment in comparison to HT29 cells. High resolution mass spectrometry experiments showed that nevadensin is rapidly glucuronidated in HT29 cells, whereas KG1 cells do not metabolize nevadensin, thus glucuronidation was supposed to be a crucial metabolic pathway in vitro. To proof this suggestion, nevadensin glucuronides were isolated from pig liver microsomes und structurally elucidated via NMR spectroscopy. In HepG2 cells a cellular enrichment of nevadensin itself as well as nevadensin-7-O-glucuronide was determined by tandem mass spectrometry. A proteomic screening of uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in HT29 and HepG2 cells provided first hints that the isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT1A1 are responsible for nevadensin glucuronidation. Additionally, nevadensin was found to be a potent SULT inhibitor in HepG2 cells. In sum, the present study clearly illustrates the importance of obtaining detailed information about metabolic competence of cell lines which should be considered in the evaluation of toxic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Müller
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucas Keuter
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - David Bücksteeg
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Uebel
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Wilken
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Behrens
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method with a superimposed multiple product ion strategy and esterase inhibitor improved sensitivity for the determination of xylocarpin H in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Zhang F, Liu W, Huang J, Chen QL, Wang DD, Zou LW, Zhao YF, Zhang WD, Xu JG, Chen HZ, Ge GB. Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by Jingyin granules: implications of herb-drug interactions in antiviral therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1072-1081. [PMID: 34183756 PMCID: PMC8237038 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jingyin granules, a marketed antiviral herbal medicine, have been recommended for treating H1N1 influenza A virus infection and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. To fight viral diseases in a more efficient way, Jingyin granules are frequently co-administered in clinical settings with a variety of therapeutic agents, including antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other Western medicines. However, it is unclear whether Jingyin granules modulate the pharmacokinetics of Western drugs or trigger clinically significant herb-drug interactions. This study aims to assess the inhibitory potency of the herbal extract of Jingyin granules (HEJG) against human drug-metabolizing enzymes and to clarify whether HEJG can modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of Western drug(s) in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated that HEJG dose-dependently inhibited human CES1A, CES2A, CYPs1A, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6, and 2E1; this herbal medicine also time- and NADPH-dependently inhibited human CYP2C19 and CYP3A. In vivo tests showed that HEJG significantly increased the plasma exposure of lopinavir (a CYP3A-substrate drug) by 2.43-fold and strongly prolonged its half-life by 1.91-fold when HEJG (3 g/kg) was co-administered with lopinavir to rats. Further investigation revealed licochalcone A, licochalcone B, licochalcone C and echinatin in Radix Glycyrrhizae, as well as quercetin and kaempferol in Folium Llicis Purpureae, to be time-dependent CYP3A inhibitors. Collectively, our findings reveal that HEJG modulates the pharmacokinetics of CYP substrate-drug(s) by inactivating CYP3A, providing key information for both clinicians and patients to use herb-drug combinations for antiviral therapy in a scientific and reasonable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qi-long Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- SPH Xing Ling Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201703 China
| | - Li-wei Zou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yong-fang Zhao
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian-guang Xu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hong-zhuan Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Guang-bo Ge
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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10
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Ma LJ, Hou XD, Qin XY, He RJ, Yu HN, Hu Q, Guan XQ, Jia SN, Hou J, Lei T, Ge GB. Discovery of human pancreatic lipase inhibitors from root of Rhodiola Crenulata via integrating bioactivity-guided fractionation, chemical profiling and biochemical assay. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:683-691. [PMID: 36105167 PMCID: PMC9463489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although herbal medicines (HMs) are widely used in the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, the key constituents exhibiting anti-obesity activity and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, we assessed the inhibitory potentials of several HMs against human pancreatic lipase (hPL, a key therapeutic target for human obesity), among which the root-extract of Rhodiola crenulata (ERC) showed the most potent anti-hPL activity. In this study, we adopted an integrated strategy, involving bioactivity-guided fractionation techniques, chemical profiling, and biochemical assays, to identify the key anti-hPL constituents in ERC. Nine ERC fractions (retention time = 12.5–35 min), obtained using reverse-phase liquid chromatography, showed strong anti-hPL activity, while the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were subsequently identified using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Among the identified ERC constituents, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (PGG) and catechin gallate (CG) showed the most potent anti-hPL activity, with pIC50 values of 7.59 ± 0.03 and 7.68 ± 0.23, respectively. Further investigations revealed that PGG and CG potently inhibited hPL in a non-competitive manner, with inhibition constant (Ki) values of 0.012 and 0.082 μM, respectively. Collectively, our integrative analyses enabled us to efficiently identify and characterize the key anti-obesity constituents in ERC, as well as to elucidate their anti-hPL mechanisms. These findings provide convincing evidence in support of the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering properties of ERC. The root-extract of Rhodiola crenulata (ERC) potently inhibits hPL. The hPL inhibitors in ERC were characterized using an integrated panel of assays. Six constituents in ERC were identified as hPL inhibitors. PGG and CG are potent non-competitive hPL inhibitors (Ki < 0.1 μM). The binding modes of PGG and CG were examined based on docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Qin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shou-Ning Jia
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, 810099, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Human carboxylesterase 1A plays a predominant role in the hydrolytic activation of remdesivir in humans. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109744. [PMID: 34774545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir, an intravenous nucleotide prodrug, has been approved for treating COVID-19 in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients. Upon administration, remdesivir can be readily hydrolyzed to form its active form GS-441524, while the cleavage of the carboxylic ester into GS-704277 is the first step for remdesivir activation. This study aims to assign the key enzymes responsible for remdesivir hydrolysis in humans, as well as to investigate the kinetics of remdesivir hydrolysis in various enzyme sources. The results showed that remdesivir could be hydrolyzed to form GS-704277 in human plasma and the microsomes from human liver (HLMs), lung (HLuMs) and kidney (HKMs), while the hydrolytic rate of remdesivir in HLMs was the fastest. Chemical inhibition and reaction phenotyping assays suggested that human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1A) played a predominant role in remdesivir hydrolysis, while cathepsin A (CTSA), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) contributed to a lesser extent. Enzymatic kinetic analyses demonstrated that remdesivir hydrolysis in hCES1A (SHUTCM) and HLMs showed similar kinetic plots and much closed Km values to each other. Meanwhile, GS-704277 formation rates were strongly correlated with the CES1A activities in HLM samples from different individual donors. Further investigation revealed that simvastatin (a therapeutic agent for adjuvant treating COVID-19) strongly inhibited remdesivir hydrolysis in both recombinant hCES1A and HLMs. Collectively, our findings reveal that hCES1A plays a predominant role in remdesivir hydrolysis in humans, which are very helpful for predicting inter-individual variability in response to remdesivir and for guiding the rational use of this anti-COVID-19 agent in clinical settings.
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12
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Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Agi GO, Ibe C, Ekweogu CN, Ude VC, Uche ME, Nnanna RO, Ugbogu EA. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil ( Ocimum gratissimum L.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08404. [PMID: 34901489 PMCID: PMC8642617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Ocimum gratissimum (clove basil) is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, anaemia, diarrhoea, pains, and fungal and bacterial infections. The present study reviewed the phytochemicals, essential oils, and pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum. The bioactive compounds extracted from O. gratissimum include phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, apigenin, nepetoidin, xanthomicrol, nevadensin, salvigenin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, and kaempfero) and essential oils (camphene, β-caryophyllene, α- and β-pinene, α-humulene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, trans-β-ocimene, linalool, α- and δ-terpineol, eugenol, α-copaene, β-elemene, p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol). Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that O. gratissimum and its bioactive constituents possess pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, and antimicrobial properties. This review demonstrated that O. gratissimum has a strong preventive and therapeutic effect against several diseases. The effectiveness of O. gratissimum to ameliorate various diseases may be attributed to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties as well as its capacity to improve the antioxidant systems. However, despite the widespread pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum, further experiments in human clinical trial studies are needed to establish effective and safe doses for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Oka Agi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine Nwabu Ekweogu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology, PMB 01660, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Ebubechi Uche
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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13
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Topoisomerase poisoning by the flavonoid nevadensin triggers DNA damage and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3787-3802. [PMID: 34635930 PMCID: PMC8536574 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nevadensin, an abundant polyphenol of basil, is reported to reduce alkenylbenzene DNA adduct formation. Furthermore, it has a wide spectrum of further pharmacological properties. The presented study focuses the impact of nevadensin on topoisomerases (TOPO) in vitro. Considering the DNA-intercalating properties of flavonoids, first, minor groove binding properties (IC50 = 31.63 µM), as well as DNA intercalation (IC50 = 296.91 µM) of nevadensin, was found. To determine potential in vitro effects on TOPO I and TOPO IIα, the relaxation and decatenation assay was performed in a concentration range of 1–500 µM nevadensin. A partial inhibition was detected for TOPO I at concentrations ≥ 100 µM, whereas TOPO IIα activity is only inhibited at concentrations ≥ 250 µM. To clarify the mode of action, the isolating in vivo complex of enzyme assay was carried out using human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. After 1 h of incubation, the amount of TOPO I linked to DNA was significantly increased by nevadensin (500 µM), why nevadensin was characterized as TOPO I poison. However, no effects on TOPO IIα were detected in the cellular test system. As a subsequent cellular response to TOPO I poisoning, a highly significant increase of DNA damage after 2 h and a decrease of cell viability after 48 h at the same concentration range were found. Furthermore, after 24 h of incubation a G2/M arrest was observed at concentrations ≥ 100 µM by flow cytometry. The analysis of cell death revealed that nevadensin induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The results suggest that cell cycle disruption and apoptotic events play key roles in the cellular response to TOPO I poisoning caused by nevadensin in HT29 cells.
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14
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Song YQ, Jin Q, Wang DD, Hou J, Zou LW, Ge GB. Carboxylesterase inhibitors from clinically available medicines and their impact on drug metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109566. [PMID: 34174250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CES), the key members of the serine hydrolase superfamily, hydrolyze a wide range of endogenous substances and xenobiotics bearing ester or amide bond(s). In humans, most of identified CES are segregated into the CES1A and CES2A subfamilies. Strong inhibition on human CES (including hCES1A and hCES2A) may modulate pharmacokinetic profiles of CES-substrate drugs, thereby changing the pharmacological and toxicological responses of these drugs. This review covered recent advances in discovery of hCES inhibitors from clinically available medications, as well as their impact on CES-associated drug metabolism. Three comprehensive lists of hCES inhibitors deriving from clinically available medications including therapeutic drugs, pharmaceutical excipients and herbal medicines, alongside with their inhibition potentials and inhibition parameters, are summarized. Furthermore, the potential risks of hCES inhibitors to trigger drug/herb-drug interactions (DDIs/HDIs) and future concerns in this field are highlighted. Potent hCES inhibitors may trigger clinically relevant DDIs/HDIs, especially when these inhibitors are co-administrated with CES substrate-drugs with very narrow therapeutic windows. All data and knowledge presented here provide key information for the clinicians to assess the risks of clinically available hCES inhibitors on drug metabolism. In future, more practical and highly specific substrates for hCES1A/hCES2A should be developed and used for studies on CES-mediated DDIs/HDIs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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15
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Song YQ, He RJ, Pu D, Guan XQ, Shi JH, Li YG, Hou J, Jia SN, Qin WW, Fang SQ, Ge GB. Discovery and Characterization of the Biflavones From Ginkgo biloba as Highly Specific and Potent Inhibitors Against Human Carboxylesterase 2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655659. [PMID: 34084136 PMCID: PMC8167799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), one of the most abundant hydrolases distributed in the small intestine, has been validated as a key therapeutic target to ameliorate the intestinal toxicity caused by irinotecan. This study aims to discover efficacious CES2 inhibitors from natural products and to characterize the inhibition potentials and inhibitory mechanisms of the newly identified CES2 inhibitors. Following high-throughput screening and evaluation of the inhibition potency of more than 100 natural products against CES2, it was found that the biflavones isolated from Ginkgo biloba displayed extremely potent CES2 inhibition activities and high specificity over CES1 (>1000-fold). Further investigation showed that ginkgetin, bilobetin, sciadopitysin and isoginkgetin potently inhibited CES2-catalyzed hydrolysis of various substrates, including the CES2 substrate-drug irinotecan. Notably, the inhibition potentials of four biflavones against CES2 were more potent than that of loperamide, a marketed anti-diarrhea agent used for alleviating irinotecan-induced intestinal toxicity. Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that ginkgetin, bilobetin, sciadopitysin and isoginkgetin potently inhibited CES2-catalyzed fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis via a reversible and mixed inhibition manner, with K i values of less than 100 nM. Ensemble docking and molecular dynamics revealed that these biflavones could tightly and stably bind on the catalytic cavity of CES2 via hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, while the interactions with CES1 were awfully poor. Collectively, this study reports that the biflavones isolated from Ginkgo biloba are potent and highly specific CES2 inhibitors, which offers several promising lead compounds for developing novel anti-diarrhea agent to alleviate irinotecan-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hui Shi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Guang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shou-Ning Jia
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy & Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Wang L, Guan XQ, He RJ, Qin WW, Xiong Y, Zhang F, Song YQ, Huo PC, Song PF, Tang H, Ge GB. Pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in Styrax as potent and highly specific inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1A. Food Funct 2021; 11:8680-8693. [PMID: 32940318 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1A1 (hCES1A) is a promising target for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. To date, the highly specific and efficacious hCES1A inhibitors are rarely reported. This study aims to find potent and highly specific hCES1A inhibitors from herbs, and to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. Following large-scale screening of herbal products, Styrax was found to have the most potent hCES1A inhibition activity. After that, a practical bioactivity-guided fractionation coupling with a chemical profiling strategy was used to identify the fractions from Styrax with strong hCES1A inhibition activity and the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were characterized by LC-TOF-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that seven pentacyclic triterpenoid acids (PTAs) in two bioactive fractions from Styrax potently inhibit hCES1A, with IC50 values ranging from 41 nM to 478 nM. Among all the identified PTAs, epibetulinic acid showed the most potent inhibition activity and excellent specificity towards hCES1A. Both inhibition kinetic analyses and in silico analysis suggested that epibetulinic acid potently inhibited hCES1A in a mixed inhibition manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that some PTAs in Styrax are potent and highly specific inhibitors of hCES1A and these constituents can be used as promising lead compounds for the development of more efficacious hCES1A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng-Chao Huo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Zhang F, Huang J, Liu W, Wang CR, Liu YF, Tu DZ, Liang XM, Yang L, Zhang WD, Chen HZ, Ge GB. Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by Qingfei Paidu decoction: Implication of herb-drug interactions in COVID-19 pharmacotherapy. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111998. [PMID: 33476691 PMCID: PMC7816587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world and brings significantly negative effects on human health. To fight against COVID-19 in a more efficient way, drug-drug or drug-herb combinations are frequently used in clinical settings. The concomitant use of multiple medications may trigger clinically relevant drug/herb-drug interactions. This study aims to assay the inhibitory potentials of Qingfei Paidu decoction (QPD, a Chinese medicine compound formula recommended for combating COVID-19 in China) against human drug-metabolizing enzymes and to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions in vivo. The results demonstrated that QPD dose-dependently inhibited CYPs1A, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1 but inhibited CYP3A in a time- and NADPH-dependent manner. In vivo test showed that QPD prolonged the half-life of lopinavir (a CYP3A substrate-drug) by 1.40-fold and increased the AUC of lopinavir by 2.04-fold, when QPD (6 g/kg) was co-administrated with lopinavir (160 mg/kg) to rats. Further investigation revealed that Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhishi) in QPD caused significant loss of CYP3A activity in NADPH-generating system. Collectively, our findings revealed that QPD potently inactivated CYP3A and significantly modulated the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A substrate-drugs, which would be very helpful for the patients and clinicians to avoid potential drug-interaction risks in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Ran Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yan-Fang Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Dong-Zhu Tu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Miao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Song YQ, Guan XQ, Weng ZM, Liu JL, Chen J, Wang L, Cui LT, Fang SQ, Hou J, Ge GB. Discovery of hCES2A inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza inflata via combination of docking-based virtual screening and fluorescence-based inhibition assays. Food Funct 2021; 12:162-176. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An integrated strategy via combination of chemical profiling, docking-based virtual screening and fluorescence-based high-throughput inhibitor screening assays was used to efficiently identify natural hCES2A inhibitors from herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zi-Miao Weng
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Jun-Ling Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Long-Tao Cui
- Basic Medical College
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
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19
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Ma R, Ding Y, Chen R, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma Y. Oxidant/Solvent-Controlled I 2-Catalyzed Domino Annulation for Selective Synthesis of 2-Aroylbenzothiazoles and 2-Arylbenzothiazoles under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 86:310-321. [PMID: 33332126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and practical domino protocol for the selective synthesis of 2-aroylbenzothiazoles and 2-aryl benzothiazoles catalyzed by I2 is developed under metal-free conditions. The reaction outcomes are exclusively controlled by the reaction oxidant/medium. With DMSO employed as both the solvent and the oxidant, an oxidation of aromatic methyl ketones takes precedence over the condensation with 2-aminobenzenethiols. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out in PhNO2 or in 1,4-dioxane containing PhNO2, the condensation of aromatic methyl ketones with 2-aminobenzenethiols has priority to form imines which is followed by an oxidation of the methyl group from ketones to afford 2-arylbenzothiazoles as a sole product. The PhNO2/I2 co-catalytic system is proposed first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yuxin Ding
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
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20
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Shi CC, Song YQ, He RJ, Guan XQ, Song LL, Chen ST, Sun MR, Ge GB, Zhang LR. Rapalogues as hCES2A Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 46:129-139. [PMID: 33140264 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rapamycin and its semi-synthetic analogues (rapalogues) are frequently used in combination with other prescribed medications in clinical settings. Although the inhibitory effects of rapalogues on cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have been well examined, the inhibition potentials of rapalogues on human esterases have not been investigated. Herein, the inhibition potentials and inhibitory mechanisms of six marketed rapalogues on human esterases are investigated. METHODS The inhibitory effects of six marketed rapalogues (rapamycin, zotarolimus, temsirolimus, everolimus, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus) on three major esterases, including human carboxylesterases 1 (hCES1A), human carboxylesterases 2 (hCES2A) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), were assayed using isozyme-specific substrates. Inhibition kinetic analyses and docking simulations were performed to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of the rapalogues with strong hCES2A inhibition potency. RESULTS Zotarolimus and pimecrolimus displayed strong inhibition of human hCES2A but these agents did not inhibit hCES1A or BuChE. Further investigation demonstrated that zotarolimus could strongly inhibit intracellular hCES2A in living HepG2 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 4.09 µM. Inhibition kinetic analyses revealed that zotarolimus inhibited hCES2A-catalyzed fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis in a mixed manner, with the Ki value of 1.61 µM. Docking simulations showed that zotarolimus could tightly bind on hCES2A at two district ligand-binding sites, consistent with its mixed inhibition mode. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that several marketed rapalogues are potent and specific hCES2A inhibitors, and these agents can serve as leading compounds for the development of more efficacious hCES2A inhibitors to modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles and toxicity of hCES2A-substrate drugs (such as the anticancer agent irinotecan).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Discovery and characterization of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in Styrax as potent and reversible pancreatic lipase inhibitors. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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22
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Zhao Y, Xiong Y, Dong S, Guan X, Song Y, Yang Y, Zou K, Li Z, Zhang Y, Fang S, Li B, Zhu W, Chen K, Jia Q, Ge G. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3-Arylisoquinolone Analogues as Highly Specific hCES2A Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:388-398. [PMID: 32935462 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CES) are key enzymes that participate in the hydrolytic metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substrates. Human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A), mainly distributed in the small intestine and colon, plays a significant role in the hydrolysis of many drugs. In this study, 3-arylisoquinolones 3 h [3-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxyisoquinolin-1(2H)-one] and 4 a [3-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-bromo-7,8-dimethoxyisoquinolin-1(2H)-one] were found to have potent inhibitory effects on hCES2A (IC50 =0.68 μΜ, Ki =0.36 μΜ) and excellent specificity (more than 147.05-fold over hCES1 A). Moreover, 4 a exhibited threefold improved inhibition on intracellular hCES2A in living HepG2 cells relative to 3 h, with an IC50 value of 0.41 μΜ. Results of inhibition kinetics studies and molecular docking simulations demonstrate that both 3 h and 4 a can bind to multiple sites on hCES2A, functioning as mixed inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the lactam moiety on the B ring is crucial for specificity towards hCES2A, while a benzyloxy group is optimal for hCES2A inhibitory potency; the introduction of a bromine atom may enhance cell permeability, thereby increasing the intracellular hCES2A inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Sanfeng Dong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunqing Song
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kun Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shengquan Fang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Zhang F, Huang J, He RJ, Wang L, Huo PC, Guan XQ, Fang SQ, Xiang YW, Jia SN, Ge GB. Herb-drug interaction between Styrax and warfarin: Molecular basis and mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153287. [PMID: 32739573 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Styrax, one of the most famous folk medicines, has been frequently used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and skin problems in Asia and Africa. It is unclear whether Styrax or Styrax-related herbal medicines may trigger clinically relevant herb-drug interactions. PURPOSE This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of Styrax on human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and to clarify whether this herb may modulate the pharmacokinetic behavior of the CYP-substrate drug warfarin when co-administered. STUDY DESIGN The inhibitory effects of Styrax on CYPs were assayed in human liver microsomes (HLM), while the pharmacokinetic interactions between Styrax and warfarin were investigated in rats. The bioactive constituents in Styrax with strong CYP3A inhibitory activity were identified and their inhibitory mechanisms were carefully investigated. METHODS The inhibitory effects of Styrax on human CYPs were assayed in vitro, while the pharmacokinetic interactions between Styrax and warfarin were studied in rats. Fingerprinting analysis of Styrax coupled with LC-TOF-MS/MS profiling and CYP inhibition assays were used to identify the constituents with strong CYP3A inhibitory activity. The inhibitory mechanism of oleanonic acid (the most potent CYP3A inhibitor occurring in Styrax) against CYP3A4 was investigated by a panel of inhibition kinetics analyses and in silico analysis. RESULTS In vitro assays demonstrated that Styrax extract strongly inhibited human CYP3A and moderately inhibited six other tested human CYPs, as well as potently inhibited warfarin 10-hydroxylation in liver microsomes from both humans and rats. In vivo assays demonstrated that compared with warfarin given individually in rats, Styrax (100 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the plasma half-life of warfarin by 2.3-fold and increased the AUC(0-inf) of warfarin by 2.7-fold when this herb was co-administrated with warfarin (2 mg/kg) in rats. Two LC fractions were found with strong CYP3A inhibitory activity and the major constituents in these fractions were characterized by LC-TOF-MS/MS. Five pentacyclic triterpenoid acids (including epibetulinic acid, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, oleanonic acid and maslinic acid) present in Styrax were potent CYP3A inhibitors, and oleanonic acid was a competitive inhibitor against CYP3A-mediated testosterone 6β-hydroxylation. CONCLUSION Styrax and the pentacyclic triterpenoid acids occurring in this herb strongly modulate the pharmacokinetic behavior of warfarin via inhibition of CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Chao Huo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China
| | - Yan-Wei Xiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Ning Jia
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China.
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24
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Huo PC, Guan XQ, Liu P, Song YQ, Sun MR, He RJ, Zou LW, Xue LJ, Shi JH, Zhang N, Liu ZG, Ge GB. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indanone-chalcone hybrids as potent and selective hCES2A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112856. [PMID: 33007602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (hCES2A), one of the major serine hydrolases distributed in the small intestine, plays a crucial role in hydrolysis of ester-bearing drugs. Accumulating evidence has indicated that hCES2A inhibitor therapy can modulate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles of some important hCES2A-substrate drugs, such as the anticancer agent CPT-11. Herein, a series of indanone-chalcone hybrids are designed and synthesized to find potent and highly selective hCES2A inhibitors. Inhibition assays demonstrated that most indanone-chalcone hybrids displayed strong to moderate hCES2A inhibition activities. Structure-hCES2A inhibition activity relationship studies showed that introduction of a hydroxyl at the C4' site and introduction of an N-alkyl group at the C6 site were beneficial for hCES2A inhibition. Particularly, B7 (an N-alkylated 1-indanone-chalcone hybrid) exhibited the most potent inhibition on hCES2A and excellent specificity (this agent could not inhibit other human esterases including hCES1A and butyrylcholinesterase). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that B7 potently inhibited hCES2A-mediated FD hydrolysis in a mixed inhibition manner, with a calculated Ki value of 0.068 μM. Furthermore, B7 was capable of inhibiting intracellular hCES2A in living cells and displayed good metabolic stability. Collectively, our findings show that indanone-chalcone hybrids are good choices for the development of hCES2A inhibitors, while B7 is a promising candidate for the development of novel anti-diarrhea agents to ameliorate irinotecan-induced intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Chao Huo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Xue
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hui Shi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Banjare L, Verma SK, Jain AK, Thareja S. Design and pharmacophoric identification of flavonoid scaffold‐based aromatase inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Banjare
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuru Ghasidas Central University Bilaspur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuru Ghasidas Central University Bilaspur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Akhlesh Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuru Ghasidas Central University Bilaspur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural ProductsCentral University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India
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Qian Y, Markowitz JS. Natural Products as Modulators of CES1 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:993-1007. [PMID: 32591414 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the predominant esterase expressed in the human liver and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of therapeutic agents, toxins, and endogenous compounds. Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between the expression and activity of CES1 and the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of CES1 substrate medications (e.g., methylphenidate, clopidogrel, oseltamivir). Therefore, any perturbation of CES1 by coingested xenobiotics could potentially compromise treatment. Natural products are known to alter drug disposition by modulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, but this issue is less thoroughly explored with CES1. We report the results of a systematic literature search and discuss natural products as potential modulators of CES1 activity. The majority of research reports reviewed were in vitro investigations that require further confirmation through clinical study. Cannabis products (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol); supplements from various plant sources containing naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, oleanolic acid, and asiatic acid; and certain traditional medicines (danshen and zhizhuwan) appear to pose the highest inhibition potential. In addition, ursolic acid, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhetic acid, if delivered intravenously, may attain high enough systemic concentrations to significantly inhibit CES1. The provision of a translational interpretation of in vitro assessments of natural product actions and interactions is limited by the dearth of basic pharmacokinetic data of the natural compounds exhibiting potent in vitro influences on CES1 activity. This is a major impediment to assigning even potential clinical significance. The modulatory effects on CES1 expression after chronic exposure to natural products warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulation of CES1 activity by natural products may alter the course of treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have summarized the natural products that can potentially interact with CES1 substrate medications. We have also noted the limitations of existing reports and outlined challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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27
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Hou XD, Guan XQ, Cao YF, Weng ZM, Hu Q, Liu HB, Jia SN, Zang SZ, Zhou Q, Yang L, Ge GB, Hou J. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by the constituents in St. John's Wort: In vitro and in silico investigations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:620-633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sun ZH, Chen J, Song YQ, Dou TY, Zou LW, Hao DC, Liu HB, Ge GB, Yang L. Inhibition of human carboxylesterases by ginsenosides: structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanism. Chin Med 2019; 14:56. [PMID: 31889992 PMCID: PMC6915887 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human carboxylesterases (hCES) are key serine hydrolases responsible for the hydrolysis of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic esters. Although it has been reported that some ginsenosides can modulate the activities of various enzymes, the inhibitory effects of ginsenosides on hCES have not been well-investigated. METHODS In this study, more than 20 ginsenosides were collected and their inhibitory effects on hCES1A and hCES2A were assayed using the highly specific fluorescent probe substrates for each isoenzyme. Molecular docking simulations were also performed to investigate the interactions between ginsenosides and hCES. RESULTS Among all tested ginsenosides, Dammarenediol II (DM) and 20S-O-β-(d-glucosyl)-dammarenediol II (DMG) displayed potent inhibition against both hCES1A and hCES2A, while protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) exhibited strong inhibition on hCES2A and high selectivity over hCES1A. Introduction of O-glycosyl groups at the core skeleton decreased hCES inhibition activity, while the hydroxyl groups at different sites might also effect hCES inhibition. Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that DM and DMG functioned as competitive inhibitors against hCES1A-mediated d-luciferin methyl ester (DME) hydrolysis. In contrast, DM, DMG, PPD and PPT inhibit hCES2A-mediated fluorescein diacetate (FD) hydrolysis via a mixed manner. CONCLUSION The structure-inhibition relationships of ginsenosides as hCES inhibitors was investigated for the first time. Our results revealed that DM and DMG were potent inhibitors against both hCES1A and hCES2A, while PPD and PPT were selective and strong inhibitors against hCES2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221 China
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221 China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Da-Cheng Hao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028 China
| | - Hai-Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, 252201 China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Wang YQ, Shang XF, Wang L, Zhang P, Zou LW, Song YQ, Hao DC, Fang SQ, Ge GB, Tang H. Interspecies variation of clopidogrel hydrolysis in liver microsomes from various mammals. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108871. [PMID: 31669218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clopidogrel, a clinically used antiplatelet agent, can be readily hydrolyzed by human carboxylesterase 1A (CES1A) to release an inactive metabolite clopidogrel carboxylic acid (CCA). In this study, clopidogrel was used as a tool substrate to investigate the interspecies variation of clopidogrel hydrolysis in hepatic microsomes from various mammals including human and six laboratory animals (such as mouse, rat, rabbit, beagle dog, minipig and cynomolgus monkey). The results demonstrated that clopidogrel could be hydrolyzed into CCA by all tested hepatic microsomes from human or other mammals, but the hydrolytic rates greatly varied among species. Inhibition assays demonstrated that BNPP (an inactivator of mammalian CES) strongly inactivated clopidogrel hydrolytic activity in all tested hepatic microsomes, suggested that mammalian CES were major contributor(s) responsible for clopidogrel hydrolysis in hepatic preparations from all above-mentioned species. By contrast, the response of a reversible inhibitor of human CES1A on clopidogrel hydrolysis in these liver preparations varied significantly among different species. Moreover, the enzymatic kinetics and the apparent kinetic parameters of clopidogrel hydrolysis in hepatic microsomes from various animal species were evaluated and compared to each other. These findings provide crucial information for deeply understanding the differences in catalytic behaviors of mammalian CES, which will be very helpful for choosing suitable laboratory animal(s) for whole tests of CES1A substrate-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiao Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shang
- Zhangye People's Hospital affiliated to Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China
| | - Da-Cheng Hao
- Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200473, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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Song PF, Zhu YD, Ma HY, Wang YN, Wang DD, Zou LW, Ge GB, Yang L. Discovery of natural pentacyclic triterpenoids as potent and selective inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Song YQ, Guan XQ, Weng ZM, Wang YQ, Chen J, Jin Q, Fang SQ, Fan B, Cao YF, Hou J, Ge GB. Discovery of a highly specific and efficacious inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 2 by large-scale screening. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:261-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Demethylbellidifolin isolated from Swertia bimaculate against human carboxylesterase 2: Kinetics and interaction mechanism merged with docking simulations. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Wei LH, Chen TR, Fang HB, Jin Q, Zhang SJ, Hou J, Yu Y, Dou TY, Cao YF, Guo WZ, Ge GB. Natural constituents of St. John's Wort inhibit the proteolytic activity of human thrombin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:622-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Song YQ, Weng ZM, Dou TY, Finel M, Wang YQ, Ding LL, Jin Q, Wang DD, Fang SQ, Cao YF, Hou J, Ge GB. Inhibition of human carboxylesterases by magnolol: Kinetic analyses and mechanism. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:339-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Yi J, Bai R, An Y, Liu TT, Liang JH, Tian XG, Huo XK, Feng L, Ning J, Sun CP, Ma XC, Zhang HL. A natural inhibitor from Alisma orientale against human carboxylesterase 2: Kinetics, circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis, and docking simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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36
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Fouache A, Zabaiou N, De Joussineau C, Morel L, Silvente-Poirot S, Namsi A, Lizard G, Poirot M, Makishima M, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Trousson A. Flavonoids differentially modulate liver X receptors activity-Structure-function relationship analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:173-182. [PMID: 30959154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) α (NR1H3) and β (NR1H2) are nuclear receptors that have been involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, principally in the control of cholesterol homeostasis, as well as in the control of the cell death and proliferation balance. These receptors are thus promising therapeutic targets in various pathologies such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes and/or cancers. These receptors are known to be activated by specific oxysterol compounds. The screening for LXR-specific ligands is a challenging process: indeed, these molecules should present a specificity towards each LXR-isoform. Because some natural products have significant effects in the regulation of the LXR-regulated homeostasis and are enriched in flavonoids, we have decided to test in cell culture the effects of 4 selected flavonoids (galangin, quercetin, apigenin and naringenin) on the modulation of LXR activity using double-hybrid experiments. In silico, molecular docking suggests specific binding pattern between agonistic and antagonistic molecules. Altogether, these results allow a better understanding of the ligand binding pocket of LXRα/β. They also improve our knowledge about flavonoid mechanism of action, allowing the selection and development of better LXR selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Nada Zabaiou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Université Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, 18000, Jijel, Algeria.
| | - Cyrille De Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | - Amira Namsi
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Lab. 'Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology', 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-peroxIL, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" (EA7270)/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Flavonoids as human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors: Inhibition potentials and molecular docking simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:201-208. [PMID: 30872054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In our search for natural human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE 2) inhibitors from natural products, we investigated inhibitory effects and mechanisms of flavonoids (1-16) against hCE 2. The results demonstrated that kurarinone (1), baicalein (2), 2-[(2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-7'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2',3'-dihydrobenzofuran)-5-yl]-7-hydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)chroman-4-one (5), luteolin (6), kushenol X (9), and kushenol C (11) displayed significantly inhibitory effects against hCE 2 with IC50 values of 1.46 ± 0.43, 5.22 ± 0.89, 1.13 ± 0.19, 9.78 ± 0.98, 3.05 ± 0.46, and 2.61 ± 0.52 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 were all uncompetitive inhibitors with Ki values of 1.73, 1.59, 16.89, 1.72, and 0.79 μM, respectively, and their Km values ranged from 2.08 μM to 5.41 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking was conducted for investigating mechanisms of compounds 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 with hCE 2. These results suggested that compounds 1, 5, 6, 9, and 11 could be served as lead compounds for the development of novel hCE 2 inhibitors.
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38
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Ding L, Wang L, Zou K, Li B, Song Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Xu Z, Ge G, Zhao B, Zhu W. Discovery of dihydrooxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinoliniums as highly specific inhibitors of hCE2. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35904-35912. [PMID: 35528066 PMCID: PMC9074662 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE2) is one of the most abundant esterases distributed in human small intestine and colon, which participates in the hydrolysis of a variety of ester-bearing drugs and thereby affects the efficacy of these drugs. Herein, a new compound (23o) with a novel skeleton of dihydrooxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinolinium has been discovered with strong inhibition on hCE2 (IC50 = 1.19 μM, Ki = 0.84 μM) and more than 83.89 fold selectivity over hCE1 (IC50 > 100 μM). Furthermore, 23o can inhibit hCE2 activity in living HepG2 cells with the IC50 value of 2.29 μM, indicating that this compound has remarkable cell-membrane permeability and is capable for inhibiting intracellular hCE2. The SAR (structure–activity relationship) analysis and molecular docking results demonstrate that the novel skeleton of oxazolinium is essential for hCEs inhibitory activity and the benzyloxy moiety mainly contributes to the selectivity of hCE2 over hCE1. Novel oxazoliniums are highly specific inhibitors of hCE2 over hCE1 and have good cell-membrane permeability for inhibiting intracellular hCE2.![]()
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Liu XY, Lv X, Wang P, Ai CZ, Zhou QH, Finel M, Fan B, Cao YF, Tang H, Ge GB. Inhibition of UGT1A1 by natural and synthetic flavonoids. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:653-661. [PMID: 30594625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed phytochemicals in vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants. Recent studies demonstrate that some natural flavonoids are potent inhibitors of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), a key enzyme in detoxification of endogenous harmful compounds such as bilirubin. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 56 natural and synthetic flavonoids on UGT1A1 were assayed, while the structure-inhibition relationships of flavonoids as UGT1A1 inhibitors were investigated. The results demonstrated that the C-3 and C-7 hydroxyl groups on the flavone skeleton would enhance UGT1A1 inhibition, while flavonoid glycosides displayed weaker inhibitory effects than their corresponding aglycones. Further investigation on inhibition kinetics of two strong flavonoid-type UGT1A1 inhibitors, acacetin and kaempferol, yielded interesting results. Both flavonoids were competitive inhibitors against UGT1A1-mediated NHPN-O-glucuronidation, but were mixed and competitive inhibitors toward UGT1A1-mediated NCHN-O-glucuronidation, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations showed that the binding areas of NHPN, kaempferol and acacetin on UGT1A1 were highly overlapping, and convergence with the binding area of bilirubin within UGT1A1. In summary, detailed structure-inhibition relationships of flavonoids as UGT1A1 inhibitors were investigated carefully and the findings shed new light on the interactions between flavonoids and UGT1A1, and will contribute considerably to the development of flavonoid-type drugs without strong UGT1A1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Ai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Qi-Hang Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Bin Fan
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices Research (NPFPC), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China.
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