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Ma H, Mueed A, Liu D, Ali A, Wang T, Ibrahim M, Su L, Wang Q. Polysaccharides of Floccularia luteovirens regulate intestinal immune response, and oxidative stress activity through MAPK/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in immunosuppressive mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134140. [PMID: 39074695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the novel immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from the rare Floccularia luteovirens, a fungus with significant potential yet unexplored bioactive components, traditionally used in Tibetan medicine. This study employs a wide array of analytical techniques, including HPGPC, HPLC, western blotting, ELISA, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to comprehensively investigate FLP1's effects. The main structure of FLP1 was characterized by IF-TR and NMR spectrometry. The structural backbone of FLP1 was →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and →2,3)-α-D-Manp-(1→. After immunosuppressed mice treated with FLP1, the findings demonstrated that FLP1 stimulated the production of secretory sIgA and secretion of cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in the intestine of Cy-treated mice, resulting in the activation of the MAPK pathway. Additionally, FLP1 protected oxidative stress by triggering Nrf2/Keap1 pathways and antioxidation enzymes (SOD, MDA, T-AOC, CAT, and GSH-Px). It also enhanced the intestinal barrier function by regulating the villous height ratio and expression of tight-junction protein. Furthermore, FLP1 remarkably reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in immunosuppressed mice by increasing the abundance of Oscilliospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and altered the fecal metabolites by increasing LysoPE (0:0/18:0); 0:0/16:0; 18:1(11Z)/0:0, LysoPG (16:0/0:0), LysoPG 18:1 (2n) PE (14:0/20:1), echinenone, 2-(2-Nitroimidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide, and suberic acid which is closely related to the immunity function. These results suggested that FLP1 may regulate the intestinal immune response by modulating the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in immunosuppressed mice thereby activating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daiyao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tianci Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ling Su
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Tang X, Liu L, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Lu C, Zhao R. An inulin-type polysaccharide from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma can relieve psoriasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135667. [PMID: 39278435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR), an herb often found in compounded remedies for psoriasis, is rich in polysaccharides. However, the beneficial effects of AMR polysaccharides on psoriasis remain obscure. In this study, an inulin-type fructan-labelled AMP was extracted from the AMR. AMP has a molecular weight of 5.84 kDa and comprises fructose, glucose, and arabinose at a molar ratio of 93:5:2. Methylation and NMR analyses revealed that AMP comprises a linear backbone of 2,6-linked Fruf or 1,2-linked Fruf with branching 1,2,6-linked Fruf and terminates in T-Glcp. Animal studies verified that AMP can improve imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions and downregulate the Il-17a, Il-23, Il-22, Il-6, Il-12, and Tnf-α gene expression. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying mechanisms using cellular experiments. The ability of AMP to inhibit hyperproliferation and the overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 genes in human immortal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide was demonstrated. These results indicate that AMP may directly target keratinocytes to suppress excessive proliferation and contribute to anti-inflammatory responses, potentially by blocking the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In summary, AMP has demonstrated potential as a prospective treatment strategy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li L, Su Z, He Y, Zhong X, Fu C, Zou L, Li J, Zhang J. Physicochemical characterization and anti-angiogenesis activity of polysaccharides from Amauroderma rugosum, a medicinal and edible mushroom. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133478. [PMID: 38942412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (AR) is commonly recognized as a medicinal fungus, often used as an alternative to Ganoderma lucidum. There is a scarcity of comprehensive and in-depth research on its bioactive polysaccharides and their associated biological activities. Herein, we isolated the polysaccharide fractions extracted from AR (ARPs) and investigated their primary structure and anti-angiogenic activities, given that various diseases are associated with excessive angiogenesis. Four polysaccharide fractions including ARP-0, ARP-1, ARP-2, and ARP-5 were heteropolysaccharides with different molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, and micromorphologies, highlighting their varying bioactive profiles. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with these polysaccharide fractions showed that only ARP-5 inhibited cell proliferation after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation. Similarly, ARP-5 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration, invasion, and tube formation upon VEGF (50 ng/mL) treatment. Moreover, compared with the insignificant effects of ARP-0, ARP-1, and ARP-2, ARP-5 impeded angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Additionally, ARP-5 downregulated the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that ARP-5 exerts its anti-angiogenic activities by blocking the VEGF/VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis signaling pathway. Taken together, the study findings shed light on the primary structure and bioactivity of ARPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Comprehensive Health Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ziye Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yuxin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China..
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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Zhou S, Xiao Z, Sun J, Li L, Wei Y, Yang M, Yang Y, Chen J, Lai P. Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides Prepared from Hypsizygus marmoreus Exhibit Strong Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. Molecules 2024; 29:3393. [PMID: 39064971 PMCID: PMC11280359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypsizygus marmoreus has abundant proteins and is a potential source for the development of bioactive peptides. However, currently, the research on the bioactive components of H. marmoreus mainly focuses on polysaccharides, and there is no relevant research on the preparation of bioactive peptides. In this article, an ultrasound-assisted extraction method was used to extract proteins from H. marmoreus, and then, four peptides with different molecular weight ranges were prepared through protease hydrolysis and molecular classification. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were also studied. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rate of H. marmoreus proteins was 53.6%. Trypsin exhibited the highest hydrolysis rate of H. marmoreus proteins. The optimal parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis were a substrate concentration of 3.7%, enzyme addition of 5700 U/g, pH value of 7, extraction temperature of 55 °C, and time of 3.3 h. Under these conditions, the peptide yield was 59.7%. The four types of H. marmoreus peptides were prepared by molecular weight grading. Among them, peptides with low molecular weight (<1 kDa) had stronger antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient preparation of H. marmoreus peptides and the development of antioxidant and antibacterial peptide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Zhou
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.Y.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Junzheng Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Longxiang Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.Y.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.Y.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Junchen Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Pufu Lai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Z.X.); (J.S.); (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.)
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350003, China
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Cedro PÉP, Mendes TPS, Miranda ACA, Morbeck LLB, Santana RA, Nascimento Junior BBDO, Valasques Júnior GL. β(1,3) β(1,6) glucogalactan from Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus: extraction, characterization, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230073. [PMID: 38896737 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the Box-Behnken experimental planning was used to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from the cell wall of Rhizopus microspore var. oligosporus, with analysis of the quantitative effects of parameters pH, temperature and extraction time for polysaccharide yield. The optimal conditions for extraction were determined by the regression equation and evaluation of the response surface graphs, which indicated: pH 13, temperature of 120ºC and time of 60 min, with maximum yield around 18.5%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated typical polysaccharide signals. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and monosaccharide analysis indicated a β(1,3) β(1,6) glucogalactan. The polysaccharide exhibited an average molecular weight of 120 kDa and a polymerization degree of 741. Antioxidant assays in vitro revealed the potential of polysaccharide in elimination of ABTS+ radical and hydroxyl radicals. EC50 values for free radical elimination were 7.69 and 17.8 mg/mL, for ABTS+ and hydroxyls, respectively. The polysaccharides showed potential for α-amylase inhibition with an EC50 of 1.66 mg/mL. The results suggest that β(1,3) β(1,6) glucogalactan from Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus can be used in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmala Évelin P Cedro
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Tátilla P S Mendes
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Alana C A Miranda
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Lorena L B Morbeck
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Romário A Santana
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Baraquizio B DO Nascimento Junior
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Gildomar L Valasques Júnior
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
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Nie X, Li J, Cheng Y, Rangsinth P, Wu X, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Li R, Xu N, He Y, Lau BWM, Seto SW, Zhang J, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Characterization of a polysaccharide from Amauroderma rugosum and its proangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132533. [PMID: 38777026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (AR), also known as "Blood Lingzhi" in Chinese, is a basidiomycete belonging to the Ganodermataceae family. Four polysaccharide fractions were systematically isolated and purified from AR. Subsequently, their compositions were examined and analyzed via high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), analysis of the monosaccharide composition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The zebrafish model was then used to screen for proangiogenic activities of polysaccharides by inducing vascular insufficiency with VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI). The third fraction of AR polysaccharides (PAR-3) demonstrated the most pronounced proangiogenic effects, effectively ameliorating VRI-induced intersegmental vessel deficiency in zebrafish. Concurrently, the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF receptors were upregulated by PAR-3. Moreover, the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also stimulated by PAR-3, consistently demonstrating that PAR-3 possesses favorable proangiogenic properties. The activation of the Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and FAK was most likely the underlying mechanism. In conclusion, this study establishes that PAR-3 isolated from Amauroderma rugosum exhibits potential as a bioresource for promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yulin He
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Ye S, Gao Y, Hu X, Cai J, Sun S, Jiang J. Research progress and future development potential of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides in the preparation process, structure analysis, biology, and pharmacology: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131467. [PMID: 38599436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) has attracted consequential attention in various research fields due to its rich composition of proteins, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) are considered as key bioactive components of F. velutipes, demonstrating multiple physiological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Moreover, they offer health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-aging properties, which have exceptionally valuable clinical applications. Polysaccharides derived from different sources exhibit a wide range of biomedical functions and distinct biological activities. The varied biological functions of polysaccharides, coupled with their extensive application in functional foods and clinical applications, have prompted a heightened focus on polysaccharide research. Additionally, the extraction, deproteinization, and purification of FVPs are fundamental to investigate the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the extraction, deproteinization, purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of FVPs. Furthermore, the biological activities and mechanisms of FVPs have been further explored through in vivo and in vitro experiments. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and guide future research and development of FVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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8
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Lv Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang D, Lei Y, Pan M, Wang Z, Xiao W, Dai Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129878. [PMID: 38309394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides, a water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP-2) was isolated by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and further purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-100HR column chromatography. PCP-2 is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 42.0: 35.0: 13.9: 9.1. It exhibits a narrow molecular weight distribution at 2.35 kDa with a branching degree of 37.1 %. The main chain types of PCP-2 include 1,3-β-D-Glc and 1,6-β-D-Glc as the backbone glucans and 1,6-α-D-Gal as the backbone heterogalactan. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PCP-2 directly stimulate RAW264.7 cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors such as NO and TNF-α. In cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice, it promotes the development of thymus and spleen immune organs, elevates the blood levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and CD3+CD4+ T cells, increases the intestinal villus height/ crypt depth ratio and improves gut barrier dysfunctions. These findings suggest that PCP-2 is a natural fungal polysaccharide with broad spectrum of immunoenhancing effects, which can significantly ameliorate the immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Dongfan Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yipeng Lei
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
| | - Yujie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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9
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Liu S, Li M, Liu W, Zhang Z, Wang X, Dong H. Structure and properties of acidic polysaccharides isolated from Massa Medicata Fermentata: Neuroprotective and antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129128. [PMID: 38176512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) is a fermented food with therapeutic effects. Previous studies suggested that after stir-frying, the uronic acid content in MMF crude polysaccharides increases, and the pH value decreases, which is caused by the change in acidic polysaccharides. However, the detailed physicochemical properties and structure-activity correlation of the acidic polysaccharides in MMF have not been fully explored. In this study, two acidic polysaccharides (SMMFAP and CMMFAP) were isolated from the MMF and its stir-fried product, respectively. Their structural characteristics and bioactivities were comparatively studied, and the structure-activity correlation was examined. Our findings revealed that the SMMFAP had a higher average Mw and higher Gal and Man content than the CMMFAP. Both the SMMFAP and CMMFAP were mainly composed of Xyl, Man, and Gal residues, whereas the CMMFAP had fewer linkage types. Additionally, the CMMFAP exhibited stronger neuroprotective activity than the SMMFAP owing to its higher content of 1,6-linked-Galp, while the SMMFAP exhibited better antioxidant activity, which might be related to its higher average Mw. Our findings suggest that acidic polysaccharides may be the active substances that cause differences in effectiveness between the sheng and chao MMF. Furthermore, the research qualified the SMMFAP and CMMFAP with different potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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10
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Fan W, Jiang X, Li Q, Wang J, Lv M, Liu J. Preparation of Phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. Polysaccharide Liposome Gel and Analysis of Its In Vitro Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2024; 13:335. [PMID: 38275702 PMCID: PMC10815469 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharides (ACP) were used as the research object to prepare liposome gel and determine its antioxidant activity in vitro. Phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharides (P-ACP) were prepared via the phosphorylation of ACP by the phosphate method. Additionally, phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharide liposomes (P-ACPL) were prepared using a reverse evaporation method. Finally, phosphorylated Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharide liposome gel (P-ACPLG) was prepared by dispersing the P-ACPL in the gel matrix. The results show that the phosphorylation of the P-ACP was 15.51%, the containment rate of the P-ACPL was 84.50%, the average particle size was (192.2 ± 3.3) nm, and the particle size distribution map had a homogeneous peak, resulting in the particle dispersion being uniform and the polydispersion index (PDI) being 0.134 ± 0.021. The average Zeta potential was (-33.4 ± 0.57) mV. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the P-ACPL was slightly higher than that of the ACP and P-ACP. After the P-ACPL was emulsified into P-ACPLG, the DPPH, hydroxyl radical clearance, and reducing the ability of P-ACPL remained unchanged. In general, the P-ACPLG prepared in this study has good antioxidant activity in vitro and can retain the antioxidant activity of P-ACPL in vitro well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Fan
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.F.); (X.J.)
| | - Xintong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.F.); (X.J.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (M.L.)
- Jilin Province Plant Care Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qinyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Minghui Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.W.); (M.L.)
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11
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Kala K, Lazur J, Karnafał J, Pająk W, Sulkowska-Ziaja K, Muszynska B. Beech Mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus, Agaricomycetes) Cultivation and Outstanding Health-Promoting Properties: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:15-26. [PMID: 38505900 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Currently, in many Asian and European countries, a group of mushrooms has been distinguished, which, due to their medicinal and/or dietary properties, are referred to as medicinal mushrooms. Hypsizygus marmoreus is a species valued for its proven nutritional and healing properties. In the scientific literature available so far, mainly from Asian countries, it is possible to find research on the therapeutic effect of H. marmoreus. Biologically active substances, their presence, and in particular, their level in this species have not been the subject of extensive research. The aim of the present review is to describe and summarize the dietary and therapeutic potential of this increasingly popular species among consumers in European countries. Because H. marmoreus is a species with known dietary and health-promoting properties, this species of wood fungi could be commonly obtained from cultivation in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Lazur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Karnafał
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pająk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sulkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bozena Muszynska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Liu S, Liu Y, Geng W, Dong H, Wang X. Isolation, characterization, trypsin inhibition, liver protective and antioxidant activities of arabinoxylan from Massa Medicata Fermentata and its processed products. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127581. [PMID: 37884242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in feed additives and human medicine. In this study, two neutral polysaccharides (SMMFP-1 and CMMFP-1) were isolated from two forms of MMF (sheng and chao MMF), and their structural characteristics and bioactivities were studied. The results showed that CMMFP-1 had higher average Mw compared with that of SMMFP-1. SMMFP-1 had a lower proportion of Ara, Xyl, GalA, and GlcA, but higher levels of Fuc, Gal, Man, and GulA. Compared with CMMFP-1, SMMFP-1 had a triple helix structure. SMMFP-1 had a layered structure, whereas CMMFP-1 had a curly layered structure. More glycosidic linkage types were found in SMMFP-1 than in CMMFP-1, and SMMFP-1 had a greater number of side chains. More importantly, SMMFP-1 showed better trypsin inhibition activity in vitro, liver-protective activity in vivo, and stronger antioxidant activity in vivo than CMMFP-1. Thus, arabinoxylans may be one of the active substances for different efficacies between MMF and its processed product. The results of this study facilitate the exploration of the correlation between the structural characteristics and biological functionalities of MMF arabinoxylans. Moreover, a theoretical basis is established for further study of the unique properties of arabinoxylans and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250300, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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13
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Radzki W, Skrzypczak K, Sołowiej B, Jabłońska-Ryś E, Gustaw W. Properties of Yogurts Enriched with Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated Mushroom. Foods 2023; 12:4033. [PMID: 37959152 PMCID: PMC10648270 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, consumers are looking for products with specific nutritional and health-promoting properties. The answer of the producers for this demand is fortified food. The raw material that can be used to enrich food is, among others, mushrooms. Crude water soluble polysaccharides (cWSP) were isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster) mushroom. Chemical analysis showed that they consisted mainly of carbohydrates (~61%), protein (~9%) and phenolics (~0.8%). The isolated cWSP were used to obtain enriched cow milk set yogurts. cWSP were added at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%, and milk containing no cWSP was prepared as the control. All of the variants were fermented via applying two commercially available culture starters. The addition of cWSP led to a drop in pH in the case of one starter culture. Also, the decline in total soluble solids (TSS) content was higher where cWSP was used for the enrichment. Texture profile analysis (TPA) revealed that parameters of hardness and gumminess increased along with the concentration of cWSP (reaching values approximately 7-8 times higher, compared to the control). A significant increase in syneresis level (proportional to cWSP concentration and ranging from ~10% to ~50%) was also observed after the fermentation. Fortifying milk with cWSP led to a slight increase in antioxidant capacity in FRAP assay (up to ~12%) and ABTS assay (up to ~23%). The results demonstrate that using cWSP to enrich set-type yogurts is fairly limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Radzki
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (E.J.-R.); (W.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Skrzypczak
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (E.J.-R.); (W.G.)
| | - Bartosz Sołowiej
- Department of Dairy Technology and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Jabłońska-Ryś
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (E.J.-R.); (W.G.)
| | - Waldemar Gustaw
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (E.J.-R.); (W.G.)
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14
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Zhang N, Liu Y, Tang FY, Yang LY, Wang JH. Structural characterization and in vitro anti-colon cancer activity of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Agaricus bisporus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126410. [PMID: 37598827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most prevalent cancer and the second most deadly cancer in the world. Anti-colon cancer activity of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides has not been studied. In this paper, Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides were sequentially extracted by room temperature water, hot water, high pressure hot water, dilute alkaline solution and concentrated alkaline solution. A homogeneous polysaccharide (WAAP-1) was obtained using DEAE Cellulose-52 column. Physicochemical properties, structural characterization and anti-colon cancer activity of WAAP-1 were investigated. The results showed that WAAP-1 was a neutral polysaccharide with molecular weight of 10.1 kDa. The monosaccharide composition was glucose, mannose and galactose with a molar ratio of 84.95:8.97:4.50. The main chain was mainly composed of (1,4)-α-D-Glcp and (1,6)-β-D-Manp. In vitro anti-colon cancer results showed that WAAP-1 could significantly inhibit proliferation of colon cancer cell HT-29. It promoted apoptosis and inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition of HT-29 by up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and E-cadherin proteins and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Vimentin proteins. The results provided new potential possibilities for the development of novel functional foods or antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang-Yuan Tang
- The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Tepsongkroh B, Thaihuttakij C, Supawong S, Jangchud K. Impact of high pressure pre-treatment and hot water extraction on chemical properties of crude polysaccharide extract obtained from mushroom ( Volvariella volvacea). Food Chem X 2023; 19:100864. [PMID: 37780333 PMCID: PMC10534237 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An examination of the process of extracting crude polysaccharides from Volvariella volvacea solely through hot water treatment (HWE) at 60, 80, and 100 °C and through an approach involving high pressure processing (HPP) at 200, 400, and 600 MPa followed by HWE. The physiological properties of the polysaccharides could be explained by the structural analysis performed via FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy, which revealed the extract composition of the protein-bound polysaccharides connected by β-glycosidic bonds. Under the extraction conditions investigated in this current study, the recommended extraction condition was a combination of HPP (600 MPa, 10 min) and HWE (60 °C, 2 h). This condition gave high crude polysaccharide yields (with a 2-12% increase), and β-glucan content (with a 15-20% increase) without disrupting the β-glycosidic bond, as compared to using HWE alone. High pressure extraction could be an alternative technique for reduced extraction temperatures of active compounds from mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjarat Tepsongkroh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 12121 Pathumthani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Center of Excellence in Food Science and Innovation, Thammasat University, 12121 Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chuttida Thaihuttakij
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 12121 Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Supattra Supawong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 12121 Pathumthani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Center of Excellence in Food Science and Innovation, Thammasat University, 12121 Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kamolwan Jangchud
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Wang P, Yang Y, Wen H, Li D, Zhang H, Wang Y. Progress in construction and release of natural polysaccharide-platinum nanomedicines: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126143. [PMID: 37544564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are natural biomaterials that have become candidate materials for nano-drug delivery systems due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Platinum (Pt) drugs have been widely used in the clinical therapy for various solid tumors. However, their extensive systemic toxicity and the drug resistance acquired by cancer cells limit the applications of platinum drugs. Modern nanobiotechnology provides the possibility for targeted delivery of platinum drugs to the tumor site, thereby minimizing toxicity and optimizing the efficacies of the drugs. In recent years, numerous natural polysaccharide-platinum nanomedicine delivery carriers have been developed, such as nanomicelles, nanospheres, nanogels, etc. Herein, we provide an overview on the construction and drug release of natural polysaccharide-Pt nanomedicines in recent years. Current challenges and future prospectives in this field are also put forward. In general, combining with irradiation and tumor microenvironment provides a significant research direction for the construction of natural polysaccharide-platinum nanomedicines and the release of responsive drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengge Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 211816, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Breeding Pollution Control and Resource, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China.
| | - Haoyu Wen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Wei S, Lian H, Tong L, Yang L, Ren B, Guo D, Huang H. A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of Ophiocordyceps gracilis Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14721. [PMID: 37834168 PMCID: PMC10572349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps gracilis (O. gracilis) is a parasitic fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine and functional foods. In this study, a neutral heteropolysaccharide (GSP-1a) was isolated from spores of O. gracilis, and its structure and antioxidant capacities were investigated. GSP-1a was found to have a molecular weight of 72.8 kDa and primarily consisted of mannose (42.28%), galactose (35.7%), and glucose (22.02%). The backbone of GSP-1a was composed of various sugar residues, including →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →3,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, with some branches consisting of →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ and α-D-Gal-(1→. In vitro, antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that GSP-1a exhibited scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical (•OH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•). Moreover, GSP-1a was found to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, GSP-1a upregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as Ho-1, Gclm, and Nqo1, and regulated the NRF2/KEAP1 and FNIP1/FEM1B pathways. The findings elucidated the structural types of GSP-1a and provided a reliable theoretical basis for its usage as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongsheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Zheng Y, Yan J, Cao C, Liu Y, Yu D, Liang X. Application of chromatography in purification and structural analysis of natural polysaccharides: A review. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300368. [PMID: 37480171 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are widely distributed in natural sources from monocytic microorganisms to higher animals, and are found in a variety of biological activities in recent decades. Natural polysaccharides have the characteristics of large molecular weight, diverse composition, and complex structure, so their purification and structural analysis are difficult issues in research. Chromatography as a powerful separation technique, plays an irreplaceable role in the separation and structural analysis of natural polysaccharides, especially in the purification of polysaccharides, the separation of hydrolysates, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition. The separation mechanisms and application of different chromatographic methods in the studies of polysaccharides were summarized in this review. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of various chromatography methods were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Cuiyan Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
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19
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Yang Y, Wang P, Ji Z, Xu X, Zhang H, Wang Y. Polysaccharide‑platinum complexes for cancer theranostics. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120997. [PMID: 37230639 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Platinum anticancer drugs have been explored and developed in recent years to reduce systematic toxicities and resist drug resistance. Polysaccharides derived from nature have abundant structures as well as pharmacological activities. The review provides insights on the design, synthesis, characterization and associating therapeutic application of platinum complexes with polysaccharides that are classified by electronic charge. The complexes give birth to multifunctional properties with enhanced drug accumulation, improved tumor selectivity and achieved synergistic antitumor effect in cancer therapy. Several techniques developing polysaccharides-based carriers newly are also discussed. Moreover, the lasted immunoregulatory activities of innate immune reactions triggered by polysaccharides are summarized. Finally, we discuss the current shortcomings and outline potential strategies for improving platinum-based personalized cancer treatment. Using platinum-polysaccharides complexes for improving the immunotherapy efficiency represents a promising framework in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Breeding Pollution Control and Resource, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China.
| | - Pengge Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Zengrui Ji
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China.
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20
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Pak U, Cheng H, Liu X, Wang Y, Ho C, Ri H, Xu J, Qi X, Yu H. Structural characterization and anti-oxidation activity of pectic polysaccharides from Swertia mileensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125896. [PMID: 37481190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated the pectic polysaccharide WSMP-A2b (37 kDa) from the stems and leaves of Swertia mileensis, and we investigated its compositional/structural features and antioxidant activity. FT-IR, NMR, monosaccharide composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and methylation analyses indicated that WSMP-A2b is composed of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and homogalacturonan (HG) domains with mass ratios of 2.1:1.0:2.2. The RG-I domain is primarily substituted with α-L-1,5-arabinan and type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chains, as well as minor contributions of β-D-1,4-galactan and/or type I arabinogalactan (AG-I) side chains. The HG domain was released in the form of un-esterified and partly methyl-esterified and/or acetyl-esterified oligogalacturonides with a 1 to 7 degree of polymerization after endo-polygalacturonase degradation. WSMP-A2b showed stronger antioxidant activity in vitro, in part this might due to the presence of galacturonic acid (GalA). In addition, WSMP-A2b exerted a protective effect on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in INS-1 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Our results provide crucial structural information on this pectic polysaccharide from Swertia mileensis, thus prompting further investigation into its structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnHak Pak
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Clinics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianbin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - ChungHyok Ho
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - HyonIl Ri
- Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Qi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China; Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Biology Genetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
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Geng J, Wang G, Guo J, Han X, Qu Y, Zhou Y, Tai G, Sun L, Cheng H. Preparation and structural analysis of fucomannogalactan and β-1,6-glucan from Grifola frondosa mycelium. Front Chem 2023; 11:1227288. [PMID: 37608863 PMCID: PMC10441114 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1227288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polysaccharides, key components present in Grifola frondosa, can be divided into those derived from fruiting bodies, mycelium, and fermentation broth based on their source. The structure of G. frondosa fruiting body-derived polysaccharides has been fully characterized. However, the structure of G. frondosa mycelium-derived polysaccharides remains to be elucidated. Methods: In this study, we obtained mycelia from G. frondosa by liquid fermentation and extracted them with water and alkaline solution. Then, the mycelia were isolated and purified to obtain homogeneity and systematically characterized by methylation and FT infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results and discussion: Structural analysis showed that two neutral fractions (WGFP-N-a and AGFP-N-a1) have a common backbone composed of α-1,6-D-Me-Galp and α-1,6-D-Galp that were substituted at O-2 by 1,2-Manp, α-1,3-L-Fucp, and α-T-D-Manp and thus are identified as fucomannogalactans. WGFP-A-a, AGFP-A-b, and AGFP-A-c are β-1,6-glucans with different molecular weights and are branched with β-1,3-D-Glcp and T-D-Glcp at the O-3 of Glc. Our results provide important structural information about G. frondosa mycelium-derived polysaccharides and provide the basis for their further development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Geng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guining Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Qu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guihua Tai
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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22
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Muhaxi M, Liu F, Ng TB. Structural characterization and in vitro hepatoprotective activity of a novel antioxidant polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus ferulae. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125124. [PMID: 37290546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three novel antioxidant polysaccharides (G-1, AG-1, and AG-2) were isolated and purified from Pleurotus ferulae using mouse erythrocyte hemolysis inhibitory activity as an indicator. These components showed antioxidant activity at the chemical and cellular levels. Given that G-1 displayed superior performance in protecting the human hepatocyte L02 cells against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 compared to AG-1 and AG-2 and had a higher yield and purification rate, the detailed structure of G-1 was further characterized. G-1 mainly contains six kinds of linkage type units as A: →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, B: →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, C: →2,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, d: β-d-Manp(1→, E: →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, F: →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. Finally, the potential in vitro hepatoprotective mechanism of G-1 was discussed and elucidated. Results suggested that G-1 can protect L02 cells from H2O2-induced damage by reducing the leakage of AST and ALT from the cytoplasm, enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT, and suppressing lipid peroxidation and production of LDH. G-1 could further reduce the production of ROS, stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential and maintain cell morphology. Hence, G-1 could be a valuable functional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muguli Muhaxi
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Rang Y, Liu H, Cheng X, Li W, Shi J, Ou G, Huang H, Chen C, Xiao X, Liu C. Structural characterization of pectic polysaccharides from Amaranth caudatus leaves and the promotion effect on hippocampal glucagon-like peptide-1 level. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124967. [PMID: 37217047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, decolorized pectic polysaccharides (D-ACLP) with molecular weight (Mw) distribution of 3483- 2,023,656 Da were prepared from Amaranth caudatus leaves. Purified polysaccharides (P-ACLP) with the Mw of 152,955 Da were further isolated from D-ACLP through gel filtration. The structure of P-ACLP was analyzed by 1D and 2D NMR spectra. P-ACLP were identified as rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing dimeric arabinose side chains. The main chain of P-ACLP was composed of →4)-α-GalpA-(1→, →2)-β-Rhap-(1→, →3)-β-Galp-(1 → and →6)-β-Galp-(1→. There was a branched chain of α-Araf-(1 → 2)-α-Araf-(1 → connected to the O-6 position of →3)-β-Galp-(1→. The GalpA residues were partially methyl esterified at O-6 and acetylated at O-3. The 28-day consecutive gavage of D-ALCP (400 mg/kg) significantly elevated the hippocampal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in rats. The concentrations of butyric acid and total short chain fatty acids in the cecum contents also increased significantly. Moreover, D-ACLP could significantly increase the gut microbiota diversity and dramatically up-regulated the abundance of Actinobacteriota (phylum) and unclassified Oscillospiraceae (genus) in intestinal bacteria. Taking together, D-ACLP might promote the hippocampal GLP-1 level through the beneficial regulation of butyric acid-producing bacteria in gut microbiota. This study contributed to making full use of Amaranth caudatus leaves for cognitive dysfunction intervention in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Xianbo Cheng
- Nanning Higher Education Base, Guangxi Vocational College of Technology and Business, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Weiye Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Genghua Ou
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Congying Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueman Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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24
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Liuzzi GM, Petraglia T, Latronico T, Crescenzi A, Rossano R. Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081913. [PMID: 37111131 PMCID: PMC10145943 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has seen an increase in our life expectancy. As a result, various age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), have emerged, representing new challenges to society. Oxidative stress (OS), a condition of redox imbalance resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species, represents a common feature that characterizes the brains of elderly people, thus contributing to NDs. Consequently, antioxidant supplementation or dietary intake of antioxidant-containing foods could represent an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention to maintain the integrity and survival of neurons and to counteract the neurodegenerative pathologies associated with aging. Food contains numerous bioactive molecules with beneficial actions for human health. To this purpose, a wide range of edible mushrooms have been reported to produce different antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, ergothioneine, and others, which might be used for dietary supplementation to enhance antioxidant defenses and, consequently, the prevention of age-related neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative stress in age-related NDs, focusing on the current knowledge of the antioxidant compounds present in edible mushrooms, and highlighting their potential to preserve healthy aging by counteracting age-associated NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tania Petraglia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Aniello Crescenzi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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25
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Zeng FS, Yao YF, Wang LF, Li WJ. Polysaccharides as antioxidants and prooxidants in managing the double-edged sword of reactive oxygen species. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114221. [PMID: 36634589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, a class of naturally occurring carbohydrates, were widely presented in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Recently, health benefits of polysaccharides have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics in reactive oxygen species (ROS) management. ROS, by-products of aerobic metabolism linked to food consumption, exhibited a dual role in protecting cells and fostering pathogenesis collectively termed double-edged sword. Some interesting studies reported that polysaccharides could behave as prooxidants under certain conditions, besides antioxidant capacities. Potentiation of the bright side of ROS could contribute to the host defense that was vitally important for the polysaccharides acting as biological response modifiers. Correspondingly, disease prevention of polysaccharides linked to the management of ROS production was systematically described and discussed in this review. Furthermore, major challenges and future prospects were presented, aiming to provide new insight into applying polysaccharides as functional food ingredients and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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26
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Petraglia T, Latronico T, Fanigliulo A, Crescenzi A, Liuzzi GM, Rossano R. Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052176. [PMID: 36903422 PMCID: PMC10005153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of an enriched polysaccharide fraction (EPF) obtained from the fruiting body of cultivated P. eryngii was evaluated. Proximate composition (moisture, proteins, fat, carbohydrates and ash) was determined using the AOAC procedures. The EPF was extracted by using, in sequence, hot water and alkaline extractions followed by deproteinization and precipitation with cold ethanol. Total α- and β-glucans were quantified using the Megazyme International Kit. The results showed that this procedure allows a high yield of polysaccharides with a higher content of (1-3; 1-6)-β-D-glucans. The antioxidant activity of EPF was detected from the total reducing power, DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities. The EPF was found to scavenge DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals with a IC50 values of 0.52 ± 0.02, 1.15 ± 0.09, 0.89 ± 0.04 and 2.83 ± 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. As assessed by the MTT assay, the EPF was biocompatible for DI-TNC1 cells in the range of 0.006-1 mg/mL and, at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 mg/mL, significantly counteracted H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production. This study demonstrated that polysaccharides extracted from P. eryngii might be used as functional food to potentiate the antioxidant defenses and to reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Petraglia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Fanigliulo
- Bioagritest Srl-Centro Interregionale di Diagnosi Vegetale, 85010 Pignola, Italy
| | - Aniello Crescenzi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.L.); (R.R.)
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27
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LIU H, LIU X, XIE J, CHEN S. Structure, function and mechanism of edible fungus polysaccharides in human beings chronic diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan LIU
- Guizhou Medical University, China; Guizhou Medical University, China
| | | | - Jiao XIE
- Guizhou Medical University, China; Guizhou Medical University, China
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Yang G, Su F, Hu D, Ruan C, Che P, Zhang Y, Wang J. Optimization of the Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide Extracted from Centipeda minima. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200626. [PMID: 36448941 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction process and study antioxidant activity of Polysaccharide extracted from Centipeda minima. The Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Centipeda minima. We purified the crude polysaccharides from Centipeda minima, as well as determined the purity, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight of the purified fraction. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural features of the polysaccharides. Further, we investigated the antioxidant activities of different fractions of polysaccharides. Consequently, the results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for polysaccharides were: a liquid-solid ratio of 26 mL/g, extraction temperature of 85.5 °C, and extraction time of 2.4 h. Moreover, the yield of polysaccharides measured under these conditions was close to the predicted value. After purification, we obtained four components of Centipeda minima polysaccharides (CMP). The purity, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and structural characteristics of CMP were different, but with similar infrared absorption spectra. CMP exhibited a typical infrared absorption characteristic of a polysaccharide. Besides, CMP displayed good antioxidant activity, with potential to scavenge DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical. Therefore, this study provides a reference for future research on the structure and biological activity of CMP, and lays a theoretical foundation for food processing and medicinal development of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
| | - Fan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
| | - Datong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
| | - Ping Che
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, P. R. China
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29
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Le TH, Le LS, Nguyen DGC, Tran TVT, Vu Ho XA, Tran TM, Nguyen MN, Nguyen VT, Le TT, Nguyen THC, Nguyen CC, Le QV. Rich d-Fructose-Containing Polysaccharide Isolated from Myxopyrum smilacifolium Roots toward a Superior Antioxidant Biomaterial. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47923-47932. [PMID: 36591194 PMCID: PMC9798761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The presented study attempts to unveil and evaluate the antioxidant activity of a novel heteropolysaccharide separated from the roots of Myxopyrum smilacifolium (denoted as PS-MSR). The molecular weight of PS-MSR is found to be 1.88 × 104 Da and contains two principal sugars, which are d-glucose and d-fructose, in the backbone. Decoding the structure of the obtained PS-MSR sample has disclosed a novel polysaccharide for the first time. Indeed, the PS-MSR is composed of (1 → 3)-linked glucosyl units and (2 → 3)-linked fructosyl units. In addition, the 1D and 2D NMR spectra of the PS-MSR sample display the repeating unit of the isolated polysaccharide, [→3)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-d-Frucf-(2 → 3)-β-d-Frucf-2 → 3)-)-β-d-Frucf-β-(2→] n . Interestingly, the PS-MSR sample exhibits outstanding antioxidant activity, signifying the potential utilization of the explored polysaccharide for antioxidant-based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Lam Son Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Van Thi Tran
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Anh Vu Ho
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Tran
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Nhung Nguyen
- Department
of Science and Technology of Thua Thien Hue, Technical Center for Quality Measurement Standards, Hue City530000, Vietnam
| | - Viet Thang Nguyen
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Trang Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute
of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Republic
of Korea
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30
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Liu S, Chen L, Duan W, Meng Z, Dong H, Wang X. Comparison of Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Polysaccharides from Massa Medicata Fermentata and Its Processed Products. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46833-46842. [PMID: 36570240 PMCID: PMC9773791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides were separately extracted and purified from different types of medicinal slices of Massa Medicata Fermentata (Sheng Massa Medicata Fermentata and Chao Massa Medicata Fermentata). The physicochemical properties of these polysaccharides were studied, including the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic linkage. Moreover, inhibition of trypsin, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase by the polysaccharides and their antioxidant activity were investigated. Compared with polysaccharides from Sheng Massa Medicata Fermentata, polysaccharides from Chao Massa Medicata Fermentata had a lower molecular weight, higher uronic acid content, and a lower proportion of side chains. Polysaccharides from Sheng Massa Medicata Fermentata displayed stronger trypsin, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity, whereas the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides from Chao Massa Medicata Fermentata was higher. These results indicated that stir-frying changes the physicochemical properties of the polysaccharides significantly, leading to reduced enzyme inhibition activity and an increase in antioxidant activity. This research provides a guide for the selective application of Massa Medicata Fermentata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Shandong
analysis and test center, Qilu university
of technology (Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250014, P.R. China
- College
of pharmacy, Qilu University of technology
(Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250300, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Shandong
analysis and test center, Qilu university
of technology (Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250014, P.R. China
- College
of pharmacy, Qilu University of technology
(Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250300, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- Shandong
analysis and test center, Qilu university
of technology (Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250014, P.R. China
- College
of pharmacy, Qilu University of technology
(Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250300, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Shandong
Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD., Jinan, Shandong250100, P.R. China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong
analysis and test center, Qilu university
of technology (Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250014, P.R. China
- College
of pharmacy, Qilu University of technology
(Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong
analysis and test center, Qilu university
of technology (Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250014, P.R. China
- College
of pharmacy, Qilu University of technology
(Shandong academy of science), Jinan, Shandong250300, P.R. China
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31
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Bai L, Xu D, Zhou YM, Zhang YB, Zhang H, Chen YB, Cui YL. Antioxidant Activities of Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives for Biomedical and Medicinal Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2491. [PMID: 36552700 PMCID: PMC9774958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are closely related to in vivo oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural polysaccharides, as a kind of biomacromolecule with good biocompatibility, have been widely used in biomedical and medicinal applications due to their superior antioxidant properties. In this review, scientometric analysis of the highly cited papers in the Web of Science (WOS) database finds that antioxidant activity is the most widely studied and popular among pharmacological effects of natural polysaccharides. The antioxidant mechanisms of natural polysaccharides mainly contain the regulation of signal transduction pathways, the activation of enzymes, and the scavenging of free radicals. We continuously discuss the antioxidant activities of natural polysaccharides and their derivatives. At the same time, we summarize their applications in the field of pharmaceutics/drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial food additives/packaging materials. Overall, this review provides up-to-date information for the further development and application of natural polysaccharides with antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yong-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi-Bing Chen
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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32
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Liu X, Luo D, Guan J, Chen J, Xu X. Mushroom polysaccharides with potential in anti-diabetes: Biological mechanisms, extraction, and future perspectives: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1087826. [PMID: 36590224 PMCID: PMC9794872 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health threat. Searching for anti-diabetic components from natural resources is of intense interest to scientists. Mushroom polysaccharides have received growing attention in anti-diabetes fields due to their advantages in broad resources, structure diversity, and multiple bioactivities, which are considered an unlimited source of healthy active components potentially applied in functional foods and nutraceuticals. In this review, the current knowledge about the roles of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DM, the extraction method of mushroom polysaccharides, and their potential biological mechanisms associated with anti-diabetes, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota modulatory actions, were summarized based on a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, with aiming at better understanding the roles of mushroom polysaccharides in the prevention and management of DM and its complications. Finally, future perspectives including bridging the gap between the intervention of mushroom polysaccharides and the modulation of insulin signaling pathway, revealing structure-bioactivity of mushroom polysaccharides, developing synergistic foods, conducting well-controlled clinical trials that may be very helpful in discovering valuable mushroom polysaccharides and better applications of mushroom polysaccharides in diabetic control were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang, China
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33
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Hu YB, Hong HL, Liu LY, Zhou JN, Wang Y, Li YM, Zhai LY, Shi ZH, Zhao J, Liu D. Analysis of Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Aralia continentalis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121545. [PMID: 36558996 PMCID: PMC9783608 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We extracted, purified, and characterized three neutral and three acidic polysaccharides from the roots, stems, and leaves of Aralia continentalis Kitigawa. The results of the analysis of monosaccharide composition indicated that the polysaccharides from the roots and stems were more similar to each other than they were to the polysaccharides from the leaves. The in vitro antioxidant results demonstrated that the acidic polysaccharides had stronger antioxidant activity than the neutral fractions. Therefore, we investigated the primary purified acidic polysaccharide fractions (WACP(R)-A-c, WACP(S)-A-c, and WACP(L)-A-d) by NMR and enzymatic analysis. The structural analytical results indicated that WACP(R)-A-c contained homogalacturonan (HG); WACP(S)-A-c contained HG and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), and WACP(L)-A-d contained HG, RG-II, and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domains. Our findings offer insights into the screening of natural polysaccharide-based antioxidants and provide a theoretical basis for the application of A. continentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-bo Hu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hui-li Hong
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li-yang Liu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jia-ning Zhou
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yi-ming Li
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li-yuan Zhai
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zeng-hui Shi
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-85115751 (J.Z.)
| | - Duo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-85115751 (J.Z.)
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34
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Yuan Q, Liu W, Huang L, Wang L, Yu J, Wang Y, Wu D, Wang S. Quality evaluation of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from
Agaricus bisporus
by an integrated fingerprint technique. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety College of Food Science Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Liju Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Zhangzhou China
| | - Juan Yu
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Zhangzhou China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Ding‐Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macao China
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35
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Anticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Ganoderma aff. australe against Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314807. [PMID: 36499132 PMCID: PMC9737215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild mushrooms have gained great importance for being a source of biologically active compounds. In this work, we evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble crude polysaccharide extract isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Ganoderma aff. australe (GACP). This mushroom was collected in San Mateo (Boyacá, Colombia) and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization. GACP was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The antiradical and antioxidant activity were evaluated by different methods and its anticancer activity was verified in the osteosarcoma MG-63 human cell line. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis indicated that GACP consisted of β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→ residues. The results of the biological activity showed that GACP exhibited high antioxidant activity in the different methods and models studied. Moreover, the results showed that GACP impaired cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay) and cell proliferation (clonogenic assay) in a dose-response manner on MG-63 cells. The findings of this work promote the use of mushroom-derived compounds as anticancer and antioxidant agents for potential use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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36
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Ali HS, Badr AN, Alsulami T, Shehata MG, Youssef MM. Quality Attributes of Sesame Butter (Tahini) Fortified with Lyophilized Powder of Edible Mushroom ( Agaricus blazei). Foods 2022; 11:foods11223691. [PMID: 36429283 PMCID: PMC9689749 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame butter (tahini) is a common appetizer and food additive in the Mediterranean basin. Pathogenic strains and mycotoxin content are the most hazardous issues in the final product. This investigation aimed to enhance the quality and safety properties of tahini products against microbial hazards and mycotoxins. Local samples of tahini were evaluated for natural contamination, including mycotoxin level determinations. Agaricus blazei was utilized as a bioactive source and evaluated for the bioactive content of laccase, B-glucan, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant potency. Two fortification ratios (0.5% and 1.0%) were chosen to apply Agaricus in tahini sesame as a model. Chemical composition, color attributes, sensory properties, emulsion, and oxidative stability were evaluated for the fortified samples versus the control. The results reflected increments of protein (22.91 ± 0.64% to 29.34 ± 0.96%), fiber content (3.09 ± 0.05% to 6.27 ± 0.06%), emulsion stability (84.9 ± 1.24% to 95.41 ± 0.56%), oxidative stability, and bioactive group content. The fortification process is reflected by the absence of Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli bacteria from contaminated samples after 30 days of storage. The water activity for 1.0% fortification (0.154 ± 0.001) was recorded as lower than the control sample (0.192 ± 0.002). Moreover, the degradation of aflatoxins and zearalenone content was recorded during storage. The degradation ratio reached 68% and 97.2% for 0.5% and 1.0% fortifications, respectively, while zearalenone degradation recorded a decline of 26.7% and 33.7%, respectively, for the same fortification ratios. These results recommended 1.0% lyophilized mushroom fortification as a quality and ameliorative safety treatment for tahini products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Salama Ali
- Food Technology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Noah Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-100-032-764-0
| | - Tawfiq Alsulami
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Food and Agriculture Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Gamal Shehata
- Food Science Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
- Food Research Section, R&D Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Youssef
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
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37
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang S, Chen F, Chen X. Isolation, Structural Characterization, and Hypoglycemic Activities In Vitro of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207140. [PMID: 36296732 PMCID: PMC9609144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus eryngii (PE) is an edible mushroom with high nutritional value. Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides (PEPs) are one of the main active ingredients and manifest a great variety of biological activities. This study mainly focused on the chemical characterization and biological activities of PEPs, which were separated into two fractions (named WPS and P-1). WPS is mainly dominated by β-glycosidic bonds and contains α-glycosidic bonds, and P-1 only contains α-glycosidic bonds. The molecular weights of WPS and P-1 were 4.5 × 105 Da and 2.2 × 104 Da. The result of GC indicated that two the fractions were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose, with a ratio of 0.35:0.24:0.45:0.24:28.78:1.10 for WPS and 0.95:0.64:0.66:1.84:60.69:0.67 for P-1. The advanced structure studies indicated that the two fractions had no triple-helical structure, where WPS had a dense structure and P-1 had a loose structure. In addition, the antioxidant activity of WPS surpassed P-1, and the two fractions also exhibited a high hypoglycemic activity via inhibiting α-glycosidase activities and promoting the expression of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway based on in vitro assay and cell experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13772196479
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38
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Pressurized hot water extraction of crude polysaccharides, β-glucan, and phenolic compounds from dried gray oyster mushroom. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Zhu L, Yu T, Yang L, Liu T, Song Z, Liu S, Zhang D, Tang C. Polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis to ameliorate drug-induced kidney injury via Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Qi X, Yu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Wang X, Feng Z, Zhou Y, Xiao H, Sun L. Structural characterization and anti-oxidation activity evaluation of pectin from Lonicera japonica Thunb. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998462. [PMID: 36204375 PMCID: PMC9530389 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are nutrient components of plants and are widely used in the food industry. In this study, one major pectin fraction (WLJP-A0.2b) with Mw of 40.6 kDa was purified from Lonicera japonica Thunb. The structural feature and antioxidant activity of it was investigated. Monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, enzymatic hydrolysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra analysis indicated that WLJP-A0.2b consisted of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), and homogalacturonan (HG) domains, with mass ratio of 0.4:1.0:2.1. The RG-I domain contained highly branched α-L-1,5-arabinan, β-D-1,4-galactan and type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chains. The HG domain was released in the form of un-esterified and partly methyl-esterified and/or acetyl-esterified oligogalacturonides with degree of polymerization 1–8 after degradation by endo-polygalacturonase. Radical scavenging assays indicated that WLJP-A0.2b exhibited antioxidant activity through the synergistic effects of different pectin domains. Oligogalacturonides, especially de-esterified oligogalacturonides, showed better antioxidant activities than RG-II and RG-I domains. Moreover, de-esterified oligogalacturonides remarkably reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production in HEK-293T cells. These results provide useful information for screening of natural antioxidants from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and application of pectin in functional food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jialei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhangkai Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxing Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxing Xiao,
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Lin Sun,
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41
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Yang Y, Li J, Hong Q, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang T. Polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus Fruiting Bodies: Structural Characterization, Immunomodulatory Activity and Mechanism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183721. [PMID: 36145096 PMCID: PMC9503163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Five fractions from crude Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs), including HEP-1, HEP-2, HEP-3, HEP-4 and HEP-5, were obtained through column chromatography with a DEAE Cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column. The contents of total carbohydrates and uronic acid in HEPs were 53.36% and 32.56%, respectively. HEPs were mainly composed of Fuc, Gal and Glu in a molar ratio of 7.9:68.4:23.7. Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. HEP-1 contains the backbone composed of (1→6)-linked-galactose with branches attached to O-2 of some glucose. The immunological activity assay indicated that HEP-1 significantly promoted the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules. Collectively, these results suggested that HEP-1 could improve immunity via NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides might be explored as an immunomodulatory agent for use in dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-66553178 (Z.L.); +86-0431-87836361 (T.Z.)
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-66553178 (Z.L.); +86-0431-87836361 (T.Z.)
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42
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Nataraj A, Govindan S, Ramani P, Subbaiah KA, Sathianarayanan S, Venkidasamy B, Thiruvengadam M, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Lorenzo JM, Pateiro M. Antioxidant, Anti-Tumour, and Anticoagulant Activities of Polysaccharide from Calocybe indica (APK2). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091694. [PMID: 36139769 PMCID: PMC9495384 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial structural features and in vitro biological study of crude polysaccharides from Calocybe indica (CICP) extracted by hot water followed by ethanol precipitation was investigated. High-performance gel permeation chromatography, HPLC-DAD, UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Congo red methods were used to determine structural features. The results revealed that CICP is a hetero-polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 9.371 × 104 Da and 2.457 × 103 Da which is composed of xylose, mannose, fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. The antioxidant activity of CICP was evaluated using radical scavenging activity (three methods), reducing ability (three methods), metal chelating activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (two methods). It was found that the antioxidant capacity is concentration-dependent and EC50 values were found to be 1.99–3.82 mg/mL (radical scavenging activities), 0.78–2.78 mg/mL (reducing ability), 4.11 mg/mL (metal chelating activity), and 0.56–4.18 mg/mL (lipid peroxidation inhibition activity). In vitro anticoagulant assay revealed that CICP could prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), but not prothrombin time (PT). CICP exhibited antiproliferative activity on HeLa, PC3, HT29, HepG2, and Jurkat cell lines with IC50 (μg/mL) values of 148.40, 143.60,151.00, 168.30, and 156.30, respectively. The above findings suggested that CICP could be considered a natural antioxidant and cancer preventative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Nataraj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
| | - Sudha Govindan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.R.); (M.P.)
| | | | - S. Sathianarayanan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, 26 Talalikhin st., 109316 Moscow, Russia
- Biophotonics center, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 38 Vavilov st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Semey Branch of the Institute, Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, 238«G» Gagarin Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.R.); (M.P.)
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43
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Liu L, Wang L, Li X, Zhu S, Pan N, Wang X, Li C, Li Y. Effects of Different Bud Thinning Methods on Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus eryngii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917010. [PMID: 35783955 PMCID: PMC9244624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii was studied by different methods, such as puncturing and fixed-point mushroom production, shading treatment at the top of the bag, and pulling the top of the bag. The agronomic characters, yield, nutritional components, and antioxidant activities in vitro of fruiting bodies of P. eryngii were determined. The results showed that the number of buds in the perforated treatment was less than that in the production method of traditional fruiting bodies to a certain extent. When a circular hole with a diameter of 1.5 cm was drilled in the perforated treatment, the number of buds was 5, which was less than that in the control group. The efficiency of artificial removal of buds was significantly higher than that of the control group, but the harvesting date was longer than that of other methods. The number of buds in shading treatment and bag opening treatment was significantly less than that in the control group, which could effectively control the number of buds and reduce the cost of manpower and material resources. In terms of nutritional components, the A3 treatment group with a hole diameter of 1.0 cm and a quantity of one had the highest crude protein content of 151.34 g, and a significant difference was observed in crude fiber content compared with other treatments. The extraction rate of B5 crude polysaccharide was the highest, and the extraction rate was 12.90%. The antioxidant activities in vitro increased with the increase of crude polysaccharide concentration. Using A3 treatment to cultivate fruiting bodies is conducive to meeting people's requirements for improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lupeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shurui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Niangang Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Changtian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Joint Research Center, Creation of New Edible Mushroom Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Joint Research Center, Creation of New Edible Mushroom Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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44
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Structure and antioxidant activity of six mushroom-derived heterogalactans. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1439-1449. [PMID: 35461867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterogalactans with weight-average molecular weights ~20 kDa were purified from several species of mushroom: Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko, Agrocybe cylindracea, Hygrophorus lucorum and Hericium erinaceus, and structurally characterized and assessed for antioxidant activity in vitro. Methylation analysis, combined with NMR spectral analysis, indicates that these glycans have a common backbone composed of (1 → 6)-linked-α-D-galactopyranosyl residues that are substituted at O-2. The (1 → 6)-α-D-galactans, branched primarily with β-D-mannopyranosyl (Manp) or α-L-fucopyranosyl (Fucp) residues, have been assigned to mannogalactans or fucogalactans, respectively, as well as to β-D-Manp and α-L-Fucp residues attached in tandem to the main chain as fucomannogalactans. In addition, 3-O-methylated-α-D-galactopyranosyl (3-O-Me-Galp) residues within the mannogalactan chains, exhibit strong reducing power and radical scavenging activity suggesting that this sugar moiety functions as an antioxidant. Our results provide important structural information on mushroom heterogalactans and prompt further investigations into their structure-activity relationships.
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45
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Wang X, Qu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zhao H, Zheng D, Sun L, Tai G, Zhou Y, Cheng H. β-1,6-Glucan From Pleurotus eryngii Modulates the Immunity and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859923. [PMID: 35585984 PMCID: PMC9108243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii exhibit a variety of biological activities. Here, we obtained a homogeneous branched β-1,6-glucan (APEP-A-b) from the fruiting bodies of P. eryngii and investigated its effect on immunity and gut microbiota. Our results showed that APEP-A-b significantly increases splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell activity and phagocytic capacity of peritoneal cavity phagocytes. Furthermore, we found that the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lamina propria are significantly increased upon APEP-A-b treatment. Additionally, APEP-A-b supplementation demonstrated pronounced changes in microbiota reflected in promotion of relative abundances of species in the Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae families. Consistently, APEP-A-b significantly increased the concentration of acetic and butyric acid in cecum contents. Overall, our results suggest that β-1,6-glucan from P. eryngii might enhance immunity by modulating microbiota. These results are important for the processing and product development of P. eryngii derived polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifa Zhou
- *Correspondence: Yifa Zhou, ; Hairong Cheng,
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46
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Guo Q, Liang S, Ge C, Xiao Z. Research progress on extraction technology and biological activity of polysaccharides from Edible Fungi: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2039182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangmin Liang
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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47
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Wang J, Liu B, Qi Y, Wu D, Liu X, Liu C, Gao Y, Shi J, Fang L, Min W. Impact of Auricularia cornea var. Li polysaccharides on the physicochemical, textual, flavor, and antioxidant properties of set yogurt. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:148-158. [PMID: 35227703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated quality attributes and in vivo antioxidant activity of Auricularia cornea var. Li polysaccharide (ACP)-fortified set yogurt during 21 days of storage (4 °C). Set yogurt was manufactured using a commercial yogurt culture, and 3% (w/v) ACP was added. Physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, and water-holding capacity), textural, rheological, microstructural, flavor, and antioxidant properties of set yogurt were investigated. The results showed that the addition of ACP significantly enhanced WHC, viscosity, firmness, and cohesiveness, while inhibiting post-acidification of set yogurt during storage. The yogurt supplemented with ACP showed a larger hysteresis area and higher G' and G″ values, formed a porous, dense, mesh-like structure and exhibited a unique mushroom flavor. Antioxidant results showed that administration of ACP-fortified yogurt significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity in the liver and hippocampus of the mice. ACP-fortified yogurt might alleviate hepatic damage and hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by d-galactose. Additionally, ACP-fortified yogurt downregulated the expression of Keap1 and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver. In conclusion, ACP may be used as an ingredient to produce yogurt with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Bingying Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuan Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Junhua Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China.
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48
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Guo X, Guo H, Wu S, Yu X. Extraction, Bioactive Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from the Mushroom
Rugiboletus Extremiorientalis. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ying Guo
- College of Biological Science and Technology Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China
| | - Hong‐Bo Guo
- College of Life Engineering Shenyang Institute of Technology Fushun 113122 China
| | - Shuang‐Yan Wu
- College of Biological Science and Technology Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China
| | - Xiao‐Dan Yu
- College of Biological Science and Technology Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China
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49
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Hu Y, Wang S, Shi Z, Zhai L, Fu J, Zhao J. Purification, characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Okara. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Zenghui Shi
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhai
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Fu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
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50
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Wan X, Jin X, Wu X, Yang X, Lin D, Li C, Fu Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Lv J, Gontcharov AA, Yang H, Wang Q, Li Y. Structural characterisation and antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus vaninii. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118798. [PMID: 34823804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Sanghuangporus vaninii can be cultivated in large scale and has outstanding antitumour activity. In this study, water-soluble S. vaninii polysaccharides (SVPs) were extracted from fruiting bodies. Four polysaccharide sub-fractions (SVP-W, SVP-1, SVP-2 and SVP-3) were isolated, with molecular weights from 90.50 kDa to 261.70 kDa, and all inhibited the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549, 95-D and NCI-H460, especially the acidic SVP-1. SVP-1 affected cell morphology and colony formation in NCI-H460 cells. It also promoted cell apoptosis following nuclear fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that SVP-1 is a heteroglycan with the main chain →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and the branched chain α-D-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. The findings indicate that this natural acidic polysaccharide has potential for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Wan
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Electric Diagnosis Department, Jilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Changtian Li
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yongping Fu
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Liu
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinze Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jianhua Lv
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Andrey A Gontcharov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, FEB RAS, 100-letia Vladivostoka Prospect, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qi Wang
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yu Li
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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