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Ren Y, Wang Q, Xu W, Yang M, Guo W, He S, Liu W. Alginate-based hydrogels mediated biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135019. [PMID: 39182869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
With the development in the field of biomaterials, research on alternative biocompatible materials has been initiated, and alginate in polysaccharides has become one of the research hotspots due to its advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability and low cost. In recent years, with the further understanding of microscopic molecular structure and properties of alginate, various physicochemical methods of cross-linking strategies, as well as organic and inorganic materials, have led to the development of different properties of alginate hydrogels for greatly expanded applications. In view of the potential application prospects of alginate-based hydrogels, this paper reviews the properties and preparation of alginate-based hydrogels and their major achievements in delivery carrier, dressings, tissue engineering and other applications are also summarized. In addition, the combination of alginate-based hydrogel and new technology such as 3D printing are also involved, which will contribute to further research and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Henan Academy of Sciences Isotope Institute Co., Ltd.7 Songshan South Road, Zhengzhou 450015, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Henan Academy of Sciences Isotope Institute Co., Ltd.7 Songshan South Road, Zhengzhou 450015, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Rubina A, Sceglovs A, Ramata-Stunda A, Pugajeva I, Skadins I, Boyd AR, Tumilovica A, Stipniece L, Salma-Ancane K. Injectable mineralized Sr-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-loaded ɛ-polylysine-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135703. [PMID: 39288854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, multifunctional injectable mineralized antibacterial nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by a homogenous distribution of high content of (up to 60 wt%) Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp) nanoparticles into covalently cross-linked ɛ-polylysine (ɛ-PL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel network. The developed bone-targeted nanocomposite hydrogels were to synergistically combine the functional properties of bioactive Sr-HAp nanoparticles and antibacterial ɛ-PL-HA hydrogels for bone tissue regeneration. Viscoelasticity, injectability, structural parameters, degradation, antibacterial activity, and in vitro biocompatibility of the fabricated nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized. Physical performances of the ɛ-PL-HA hydrogels can be tailored by altering the mass ratio of Sr-HAp. The nanocomposite hydrogels revealed good stability against enzymatic degradation, which increased from 5 to 19 weeks with increasing the mass ratio of Sr-HAp from 40 % to 60 %. The loading of the Sr-HAp at relatively high mass ratios did not suppress the fast-acting and long-term antibacterial activity of the ɛ-PL-HA hydrogels against S. aureus and E. coli. The cell studies confirmed the cytocompatibility and pre-collagen I synthesis-promoting activity of the fabricated nanocomposite hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rubina
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3/3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Sceglovs
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3/3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Ramata-Stunda
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - I Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - I Skadins
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema St. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - A R Boyd
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - A Tumilovica
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3/3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - L Stipniece
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3/3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - K Salma-Ancane
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3/3, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
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Zhang G, Zhang M, Feng Q, Wang R, Mei H, Xing K, Li J. Supramolecular Composite Hydrogel Loaded with CaF 2 Nanoparticles Promotes the Recovery of Periodontitis Bone Resorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45929-45947. [PMID: 39183483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Treatments to reduce periodontal inflammation and rescue periodontitis bone resorption have been of interest to researchers. Bone tissue engineering materials have been gradually used in the treatment of bone defects, but periodontal bone tissue regeneration still faces challenges. Considering the biocompatibility factor, constructing bionic scaffolds with natural extracellular matrix properties is an ideal therapeutic pathway. Based on the pathological mechanism of periodontitis, in this study, short peptide and nanometer inorganic particles were comingled to construct NapKFF-nano CaF2 supramolecular composite hydrogels with different ratios. Material characterization experiments confirmed that the composite hydrogel had suitable mechanical properties and a three-dimensional structure that can function in the resorption region of the alveolar bone and provide spaces for cell proliferation and adhesion. The release of low concentrations of fluoride and calcium ions has been shown to have positive biological effects in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Vitro experiments confirmed that the composite hydrogel had good biocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Microbiological experiments confirmed that the composite hydrogel inhibited the activity of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. In animal studies, composite hydrogel applied to periodontitis rats in vivo can effectively repair alveolar bone resorption. This composite hydrogel has a simple preparation method and is inexpensive to produce, yet it has antibacterial and osteogenesis-promoting incremental effects, which makes it well suited for the treatment of periodontitis bone resorption, providing a new strategy for periodontal bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Third Section, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Third Section, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingchen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Third Section, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Third Section, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Third Section, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Third Section, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Cai G, Li R, Chai X, Cai X, Zheng K, Wang Y, Fan K, Guo Z, Guo J, Jiang W. Catalase-templated nanozyme-loaded microneedles integrated with polymyxin B for immunoregulation and antibacterial activity in diabetic wounds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:529-542. [PMID: 38653074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are characterized by chronic trauma, with long-term non-healing attributed to persistent inflammation and recurrent bacterial infections. Exacerbation of the inflammatory response is largely due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, catalase (CAT) was used as a biological template to synthesize nanozyme-supported natural enzymes (CAT-Mn(SH)x) using a biomimetic mineralization method. Subsequently, polymyxin B (CAT-Mn(SH)x@PMB) was immobilized on its surface through electrostatic assembly. CAT-Mn(SH)x@PMB demonstrates the ability for slow and sustained release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Finally, CAT-Mn(SH)x@PMB loaded microneedles (MNs) substrate were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and named CAT-(MnSH)x@PMB-MNs. It exhibited enhanced enzyme and antioxidant activities, along with effective antibacterial properties. Validation findings indicate that it can up-regulate the level of M2 macrophages and reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Additionally, it promotes angiogenesis and rapid nerve regeneration, thereby facilitating wound healing through its dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Hence,this study introduces a time-space tissue-penetrating and soluble microneedle patch with dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cai
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xubin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Cai
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 451163, China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 451464, China.
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 451464, China; Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 451163, China.
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5
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Wu S, Wu J, Yu H, Zhang J, Huang J, Zhou L, Deng L, Li H. Varying ratios of M/G in alginate to modulate macrophages polarization and its application for wound healing in diabetic. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132387. [PMID: 38759850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Alginate (SA) comprises repeating unis of β-1, 4 linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guloronic acid (G) in varying proportions. The M/G ratio greatly impacts its anti-inflammatory properties in tissue healing wound, as less knowledge reported. This study examined the performances of both SA and SA hydrogel crosslinked with copper ions (SA-Cu) with different M/G ratios are studied. SA with higher M/G ratios stimulated macrophage migration and shifted from M0 to the pro-inflammatory Ml phenotype, while lower M/G ratios shifted from M1 to the pro-repair M2 phenotype. Furthermore, SA-Cu hydrogels with lower M/G ratios exhibited enhanced cross-linking degree, mechanical and rheological properties, as well Cu releasing rate. The reason may be attributed to a relative easy binding between Cu ions and G unit among Cu ions, M unit and G unit. In vitro cell evaluation showed that SA-Cu hydrogel with M/G ratio of 1:1 activated M2 macrophages and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines expression more effectively than those of SA-Cu ratios (2:1) and (1:2). In vivo, SA-Cu hydrogel with M/G ratio of 1:1 expedited diabetic wound healing, accelerating infiltration and phenotype shift of M2 macrophages, and enhancing anti-inflammatory factors, epithelialization and collagen deposition in healing phases. This research highlights the significant role of M/G ratios in SA materials in influencing macrophage behavior and inflammatory responses, which would benefit its application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Jinan University Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Chen Y, Shi J, Qiu H, You L, Xu P, Rao R, Wu M, Jia R. Characterization of Three Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels Derived from Laminaria japonica and Their Hemostatic Properties. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:188. [PMID: 38667805 PMCID: PMC11051284 DOI: 10.3390/md22040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJPs) extracted via water extraction (LJP-W), acid extraction (LJP-A), and enzymatic extraction (LJP-E) were used as raw materials to be cross-linked with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol to prepare hydrogels. Compared with conventional hydrogel systems, all three types of LJP-based polysaccharide hydrogels exhibited better swelling properties (14 times their original weight) and the absorption ability of simulated body fluid (first 2 h: 6-10%). They also demonstrated better rigidity and mechanical strength. Young's modulus of LJP-E was 4 times that of the blank. In terms of hemostatic properties, all three polysaccharide hydrogels did not show significant cytotoxic and hemolytic properties. The enzyme- and acid-extracted hydrogels (LJP-Gel-A and LJP-Gel-E) demonstrated better whole-blood coagulant ability compared with the water-extracted hydrogel (LJP-Gel-W), as evidenced by the whole blood coagulation index being half that of LJP-Gel-W. Additionally, the lactate dehydrogenase viabilities of LJP-Gel-A and LJP-Gel-E were significantly higher, at about four and three times those of water extraction, respectively. The above results suggested that LJP-Gel-A and LJP-Gel-E exhibited better blood coagulation capabilities than LJP-Gel-W, due to their enhanced platelet enrichment and adhesion properties. Consequently, these hydrogels are more conducive to promoting coagulation and have good potential for wound hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Tan YY, Wong LS, Nyam KL, Wittayanarakul K, Zawawi NA, Rajendran K, Djearamane S, Dhanapal ACTA. Development and Evaluation of Topical Zinc Oxide Nanogels Formulation Using Dendrobium anosmum and Its Effect on Acne Vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:6749. [PMID: 37836592 PMCID: PMC10574386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have high levels of biocompatibility, a low impact on environmental contamination, and suitable to be used as an ingredient for environmentally friendly skincare products. In this study, biogenically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Dendrobium anosum are used as a reducing and capping agent for topical anti-acne nanogels, and the antimicrobial effect of the nanogel is assessed on Cutibacterium acne and Staphylococcus aureus. Dendrobium anosmum leaf extract was examined for the presence of secondary metabolites and its total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was determined. Both the biogenically and chemogenic-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were compared using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, XRD, and FTIR. To produce the topical nanogel, the biogenic and chemogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with a carbomer and hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer. The mixtures were then tested for physical and chemical characteristics. To assess their anti-acne effectiveness, the mixtures were tested against C. acne and S. aureus. The biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles have particle sizes of 20 nm and a high-phase purity. In comparison to chemogenic nanoparticles, the hydrogels with biogenically synthesized nanoparticles was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Through this study, the hybrid nanogels was proven to be effective against the microbes that cause acne and to be potentially used as a green product against skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang Tan
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71899, Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Kitiyaporn Wittayanarakul
- Program in Science Technology and Business Enterprise, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand;
| | - Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Kavitha Rajendran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sinovassane Djearamane
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
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Omidian H, Chowdhury SD. Advancements and Applications of Injectable Hydrogel Composites in Biomedical Research and Therapy. Gels 2023; 9:533. [PMID: 37504412 PMCID: PMC10379998 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have gained popularity for their controlled release, targeted delivery, and enhanced mechanical properties. They hold promise in cardiac regeneration, joint diseases, postoperative analgesia, and ocular disorder treatment. Hydrogels enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite show potential in bone regeneration, addressing challenges of bone defects, osteoporosis, and tumor-associated regeneration. In wound management and cancer therapy, they enable controlled release, accelerated wound closure, and targeted drug delivery. Injectable hydrogels also find applications in ischemic brain injury, tissue regeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and personalized cancer immunotherapy. This manuscript highlights the versatility and potential of injectable hydrogel nanocomposites in biomedical research. Moreover, it includes a perspective section that explores future prospects, emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, and underscores the promising future potential of injectable hydrogel nanocomposites in biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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9
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Ahmed KK, Wongrakpanich A. Particles-based medicated wound dressings: a comprehensive review. Ther Deliv 2023; 13:489-505. [PMID: 36779372 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic process that is controlled by many factors. The interest in developing wound dressings capable of providing the required environment for the proper wound healing process is ever expanding, and particles occupy a sizable share of the research area. This comprehensive review reports 10 years of research in terms of current advances, delivery system evaluation, outcomes and future directions. The review follows a clearly defined method of article search and screening. Retrieved papers are reviewed regarding the materials, formulation development, and in vitro/in vivo testing of particles-based wound dressings. The review summarized the current status of medicated wound dressing research, identifies gaps to be addressed, and represents a reference for researchers working on wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Khalid Ahmed
- University of Baghdad, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Bab-almoadham, P.O.Box 14026, Baghdad, Iraq
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, IA, USA
| | - Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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10
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Falbo F, Spizzirri UG, Restuccia D, Aiello F. Natural Compounds and Biopolymers-Based Hydrogels Join Forces to Promote Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:271. [PMID: 36678899 PMCID: PMC9863749 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and complete wound healing is a clinical emergency, mainly in pathological conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Many therapeutic tools are not resolutive, and the research for a more efficient remedial remains a challenge. Wound dressings play an essential role in diabetic wound healing. In particular, biocompatible hydrogels represent the most attractive wound dressings due to their ability to retain moisture as well as ability to act as a barrier against bacteria. In the last years, different functionalized hydrogels have been proposed as wound dressing materials, showing encouraging outcomes with great benefits in the healing of the diabetic wounds. Specifically, because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural bioactive compounds, as well as biomacromolecules such as polysaccharides and protein, are usually employed in the biomedical field. In this review, readers can find the main discoveries regarding the employment of naturally occurring compounds and biopolymers as wound healing promoters with antibacterial activity. The emerging approaches and engineered devices for effective wound care in diabetic patients are reported and deeply investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Poli-Funzionale, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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11
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Tong S, Li Q, Liu Q, Song B, Wu J. Recent advances of the nanocomposite hydrogel as a local drug delivery for diabetic ulcers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1039495. [PMID: 36267448 PMCID: PMC9577098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1039495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ulcer is a serious complication of diabetes. Compared with that of healthy people, the skin of patients with a diabetic ulcer is more easily damaged and difficult to heal. Without early intervention, the disease will become increasingly serious, often leading to amputation or even death. Most current treatment methods cannot achieve a good wound healing effect. Numerous studies have shown that a nanocomposite hydrogel serves as an ideal drug delivery method to promote the healing of a diabetic ulcer because of its better drug loading capacity and stability. Nanocomposite hydrogels can be loaded with one or more drugs for application to chronic ulcer wounds to promote rapid wound healing. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest progress of delivery systems based on nanocomposite hydrogels in promoting diabetic ulcer healing. Through a review of the recent literature, we put forward the shortcomings and improvement strategies of nanocomposite hydrogels in the treatment of diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tong
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Song, ; Junzi Wu,
| | - Junzi Wu
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Song, ; Junzi Wu,
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12
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An agonistic monoclonal antibody targeting cMet attenuates inflammation and upregulates collagen synthesis and angiogenesis in Type 2 diabetic mouse wounds. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:572e-583e. [PMID: 35759635 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic wounds account for 25%-50% of total diabetic healthcare costs annually, and present overall healing rates of less than 50%. Since delayed diabetic wound healing is associated with impaired fibroblast function, we hypothesize that tyrosine kinase Met (cMet) agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) will promote diabetic wound healing via stable activation of HGF/cMet signaling. METHODS Two 6 mm dorsal wounds were created in each mice (6-week-old, male BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J, n=5). After subcutaneous injections of agonist (20 mg/kg) at 0 and 72h, the wound sizes were measured at days 0, 1, 3, 6, and 10. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at day 10 (cMet, α-SMA, CD68, and TGF-β). In vitro cytotoxicity and migration tests with diabetic fibroblasts were performed with/without agonist treatment (1 or 10 nM). cMet pathway activation of fibroblasts was confirmed through p-p44/42MAPK, p-mTOR, p-cMet, and ROCK-1 expression. RESULTS cMet agonistic mAb-treated group showed 1.60-fold lower wound area (p=0.027), 1.54-fold higher collagen synthesis (p=0.001), and 1.79-fold lower inflammatory cell infiltration (p=0.032) than the saline-treated control. The agonist increased cMet (1.86-fold, p=0.029), α-SMA (1.20-fold, p=0.018), and VEGF (1.68-fold, p=0.029) expression but suppressed CD68 (1.25-fold, p=0.043), TFG-β (1.25-fold, p=0.022), and MMP-2 (2.59-fold, p=0.029) expression. In vitro agonist treatment (10 nM) of diabetic fibroblasts increased their migration by 8.98-fold (p=0.029) and activated HGF/cMet pathway. CONCLUSIONS cMet agonistic mAb treatment improved diabetic wound healing in mice and reduced wound-site inflammatory cell infiltration. These results need to be validated in large animals before piloting human trials.
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13
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Algal sulfated polysaccharide-based hydrogels enhance gelling properties and in vitro wound healing compared to conventional hydrogels. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Estes Bright LM, Garren MRS, Ashcraft M, Kumar A, Husain H, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Dual Action Nitric Oxide and Fluoride Ion-Releasing Hydrogels for Combating Dental Caries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21916-21930. [PMID: 35507415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Demineralization and breakdown of tooth enamel are characterized by a condition called dental caries or tooth decay, which is caused by two main factors: (1) highly acidic food intake without proper oral hygiene and (2) overactive oral bacteria generating acidic metabolic byproducts. Fluoride treatments have been shown to help rebuild the hydroxyapatite structures that make up 98% of enamel but do not tackle the bacterial overload that continues to threaten future demineralization. Herein, we have created a dual-function Pluronic F127-alginate hydrogel with nitric oxide (NO)- and fluoride-releasing capabilities for the two-pronged treatment of dental caries. Analysis of the hydrogels demonstrated porous, shear-thinning behaviors with tunable mechanical properties. Varying the weight percent of the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) within the hydrogel enabled physiologically actionable NO release over 4 h, with the fabricated gels demonstrating storage stability over 21 days. This NO-releasing capability resulted in a 97.59% reduction of viable Streptococcus mutans in the planktonic state over 4 h and reduced the preformed biofilm mass by 48.8% after 24 h. Delivery of fluoride ions was confirmed by a fluoride-sensitive electrode, with release levels resulting in the significant prevention of demineralization of hydroxyapatite discs after treatment with an acidic demineralization solution. Exposure to human gingival fibroblasts and human osteoblasts showed cytocompatibility of the hydrogel, demonstrating the potential for the successful treatment of dental caries in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Estes Bright
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Mark R S Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Morgan Ashcraft
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Huzefa Husain
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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15
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Xu Z, Li Y, Xu D, Li L, Xu Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Sun J. Improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of porous nHA scaffolds by fluorinated graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25405-25414. [PMID: 36199313 PMCID: PMC9450491 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material due to its good bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties, undesirable antimicrobial activity and other disadvantages that affect its clinical application. FG was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Novel porous composite scaffolds were prepared by adding different weight ratios (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of FG to nHA using the 3D printing technique. The morphology, phase composition and mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds were characterized. In addition, the degradation performance of the composite scaffolds, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and cytocompatibility were also investigated. The results showed that the nHA/FG composite scaffold was successfully prepared with a uniform distribution of FG on the scaffold. The mechanical properties showed that the compression strength of the nHA/FG composite scaffold was significantly higher than that of the nHA scaffold (7.22 ± 1.43 MPa). The porosity of all composite scaffolds was above 70%. The addition of FG significantly improved the mechanical properties of the nHA scaffold without affecting the porosity of the scaffold. In addition, the 0.5 wt% nHA/FG scaffold exhibited satisfactory cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Therefore, the constructed nHA/FG composite scaffold can be considered as a novel antimicrobial bone substitute material with good application prospects. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties and undesirable antimicrobial activity that affect its clinical application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yali Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoxiang Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
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16
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Mellati A, Hasanzadeh E, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Enderami SE. Injectable nanocomposite hydrogels as an emerging platform for biomedical applications: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112489. [PMID: 34857275 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have attracted much attention for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to the similarity of their biomimetic structure to the extracellular matrix of natural living tissues, tunable soft porous microarchitecture, superb biomechanical properties, proper biocompatibility, etc. Injectable hydrogels are an exciting type of hydrogels that can be easily injected into the target sites using needles or catheters in a minimally invasive manner. The more comfortable use, less pain, faster recovery period, lower costs, and fewer side effects make injectable hydrogels more attractive to both patients and clinicians in comparison to non-injectable hydrogels. However, it is difficult to achieve an ideal injectable hydrogel using just a single material (i.e., polymer). This challenge can be overcome by incorporating nanofillers into the polymeric matrix to engineer injectable nanocomposite hydrogels with combined or synergistic properties gained from the constituents. This work aims to critically review injectable nanocomposite hydrogels, their preparation methods, properties, functionalities, and versatile biomedical and pharmaceutical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cancer labeling and therapy. The most common natural and synthetic polymers as matrices together with the most popular nanomaterials as reinforcements, including nanoceramics, carbon-based nanostructures, metallic nanomaterials, and various nanosized polymeric materials, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mellati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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17
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Wang H, Xu Z, Zhao M, Liu G, Wu J. Advances of hydrogel dressings in diabetic wounds. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1530-1546. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogel dressings with various functions for diabetic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Zejun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Shenzhen Lansi Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
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18
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Shin DY, Park JU, Choi MH, Kim S, Kim HE, Jeong SH. Polydeoxyribonucleotide-delivering therapeutic hydrogel for diabetic wound healing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16811. [PMID: 33033366 PMCID: PMC7546631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes experience delayed wound healing because of the uncontrolled glucose level in their bloodstream, which leads to impaired function of white blood cells, poor circulation, decreased production and repair of new blood vessels. Treatment using polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which is a DNA extracted from the sperm cells of salmon, has been introduced to accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. To accelerate the wound-healing process, sustained delivery of PDRN is critical. In this study, taking advantage of the non-invasive gelation property of alginate, PDRN was loaded inside the hydrogel (Alg-PDRN). The release behavior of PDRN was altered by controlling the crosslinking density of the Alg hydrogel. The amount of PDRN was the greatest inside the hydrogel with the highest crosslinking density because of the decreased diffusion. However, there was an optimal degree of crosslinking for the effective release of PDRN. In vitro studies using human dermal fibroblasts and diabetes mellitus fibroblasts and an in ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay confirmed that the Alg-PDRN hydrogel effectively induced cell proliferation and expression of angiogenic growth factors and promoted new blood vessel formation. Its effectiveness for accelerated diabetic wound healing was also confirmed in an in-vivo animal experiment using a diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yong Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ha Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gwanggyo, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Ha Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Tissue Engineering Strategies for Intervertebral Disc Treatment Using Functional Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050872. [PMID: 31086085 PMCID: PMC6572548 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) is the fibrocartilage between the vertebrae, allowing the spine to move steadily by bearing multidirectional complex loads. Aging or injury usually causes degeneration of IVD, which is one of the main reasons for low back pain prevalent worldwide and reduced quality of life. While various treatment strategies for degenerative IVD have been studied using in vitro studies, animal experiments, and clinical trials, there are unsolved limitations for endogenous regeneration of degenerative IVD. In this respect, several tissue engineering strategies that are based on the cell and scaffolds have been extensively researched with positive outcomes for regeneration of IVD tissues. Scaffolds made of functional polymers and their diverse forms mimicking the macro- and micro-structure of native IVD enhance the biological and mechanical properties of the scaffolds for IVD regeneration. In this review, we discuss diverse morphological and functional polymers and tissue engineering strategies for endogenous regeneration of degenerative IVD. Tissue engineering strategies using functional polymers are promising therapeutics for fundamental and endogenous regeneration of degenerative IVD.
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