1
|
Javaid MA, Alanazi YM, Li DQ, Gong Y, El-Harbawi M, Ahmad S, Tahir U, Ullah I, Hussain MT, Iqbal H. Synthesis and optimization of molecular weight of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose based polyurethanes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135709. [PMID: 39362810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
For the first time in this research, using a mixture design approach, polyurethanes (PUs) based on chitosan (CSN) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were synthesized to develop a high molecular weight polymer. In the synthesis process, a reaction between isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene was carried out to synthesize a prepolymer containing free NCO groups at the corners. This prepolymer was further reacted with changing moles ratio of CSN and CMC following the principles of statistical mixture design. The structural confirmation of the developed PUs was carried out through spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and NMR). The molecular weights of the PU specimens were characterized using gel permeation chromatography. The findings demonstrated that the interaction between CMC and CSN led to a notable increase in the molecular weights of the samples, supported by a significant p-value of 0.006. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) disclosed that the employed mixture design and the resulting interaction model effectively account for 98 % of the total variation observed in the molecular weights. The sample labeled as PUS-3 (CMC0.50:CSN0.50) emerged as the most significant formulation, exhibiting a noteworthy 27.9 % improvement in the polymer molecular weight compared to the base sample, denoted as PUS-1 (CMC1.00:CSN0.00).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, -37610, Pakistan
| | - Yousef M Alanazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - De-Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Yumei Gong
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Mohanad El-Harbawi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, -37610, Pakistan
| | - Usama Tahir
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, -37610, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, -37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, -37610, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Iqbal
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, -37610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Usman A, Hussain MT, Akram N, Zuber M, Sultana S, Aftab W, Zia KM, Maqbool M, Alanazi YM, Nazir A, Javaid MA. Modulating alginate-polyurethane elastomer properties: Influence of NCO/OH ratio with aliphatic diisocyanate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134657. [PMID: 39147346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This research addresses the need for enhanced biomaterials by investigating the influence of the NCO/OH ratio on sodium alginate-based polyurethane elastomers(Al-PUEs), offering novel insights into their structural, thermal, mechanical and swelling behavior. Al-PUEs were prepared by blending the chain extenders with key ingredients in a specific molar ratio using aliphatic HMDI and HTPB monomers. The chemical linkages, crystalline behavior, homogeneity, and surface morphology of PUEs were evaluated by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis. Thermo-mechanical studies were performed using TGA, DSC and tensile testing. Swelling behavior and absorption analysis were analyzed in DMSO and water. The analysis indicated that the hydrophilicity and swelling behavior of the prepared PUEs were affected by the addition of sodium alginate content. The results exhibit the tailor-made network structure of Al-PUEs, resulting in better thermal stability, elasticity of materials via stress-strain behavior and marvelous characteristic features than traditional high-tech yields. Furthermore, the resulting Al-PUEs are potential candidates for biomedical implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Usman
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sitwat Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Aftab
- Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Maqbool
- Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yousef M Alanazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Textile Processing, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanveer Z, Ashiq A, Javaid MA, Tanveer B, Cheema SA, Manzoor S, Alvi U, Sabir N, Nasir N, Iqbal H. Transformative enhancement of cellulosic textile properties via metallic oxide deposition: Comprehensive analysis of structural, optical, and thermoelectric traits. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133906. [PMID: 39019364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This novel research addresses the critical need for sustainable and efficient materials, aiming to enhance the optical and thermoelectric properties of Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (Al-doped ZnO) on cellulose fabric for diverse applications. At first stage, Cellulosic fabric of Al-doped ZnO were experimentally studied in detail with respect to varying levels of annealing temperature. Structural analysis unveiled structural evolution in hexagonal crystal formations with a reduction in particle size up to 27.5 % on average, with increased temperature. Further, Raman spectroscopy revealed the doping effects on the vibrational modes of ZnO, potentially due to alterations in lattice structure. The ZnO optical modes are found as E2 (low) = 110 cm-1 with observed phonon frequency in the Raman spectra of ZnO at A1 (TO) = 364 cm-1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of characteristic stretching of developed material. Furthermore, the optical characters revealed a decrement of 43.22 % in bandgap values with increasing annealing temperature. The analysis of thermoelectric attributes documented that the prominent sample annealed at 300°C exhibited the maximum Seebeck coefficient and power factor of 2.1 × 10-3 μV/oC and 5.8 × 10-21 Wm-1 K-2, respectively. At second stage the optical characteristics of experimentally optimized sample were rigorously studied through the application of Material Studio software, while varying the doping ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaighum Tanveer
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Aiza Ashiq
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; Chromohphores, Dyes and Chemicals, National Textile University, Faisalabad-37610, Pakistan.
| | - Bilal Tanveer
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Salman Arif Cheema
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Manzoor
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Umair Alvi
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sabir
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Nasir
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Iqbal
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barrera-Nava MP, Navarro R, Marcos-Fernández Á, Báez JE. Synthesis and characterization of macrodiols and non-segmented poly(ester-urethanes) (PEUs) derived from α,ω-hydroxy telechelic poly(ε-caprolactone) (HOPCLOH): effect of initiator, degree of polymerization, and diisocyanate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27241-27251. [PMID: 39193304 PMCID: PMC11348852 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03951c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nine different macrodiols derived from α,ω-hydroxy telechelic poly(ε-caprolactone) (HOPCLOH) were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) using three linear aliphatic diols (HO-(CH2) n -OH, where n = 4, 8, and 12) as initiators and catalyzed by ammonium decamolybdate (NH4)8[Mo10O34]. The crystallization temperature (T c) and crystallinity (x i) were relatively high for HOPCLOH species with a long aliphatic chain [-(CH2)12-] in the oligoester. Also, HOPCLOH was the precursor of twenty-seven different poly(ester-urethanes) (PEUs) with various degrees of polymerization (DP) of HOPCLOH and three types of diisocyanates such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI). HOPCLOH exhibited the melting temperature (T m) and crystallinity (x i) with a proportional dependency to the degree of polymerization (DP). PEUs showed significant thermal and mechanical properties, which had a direct correlation in terms of the type of DP and diisocyanate. PEUs derived from HDI versus MDI or HMDI exhibited an apparent effect where aliphatic diisocyanate (HDI) induced a significant x i with respect to aromatic and cyclic diisocyanate (MDI or HMDI). The profile of PEUs films according to mechanical properties is mainly a plastic behavior. The chemical nature and properties of HOPCLOH and PEUs were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, GPC, MALDI-TOF, DSC, and mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam P Barrera-Nava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato (UG) Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC C/Juan de la Cierva No. 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Ángel Marcos-Fernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC C/Juan de la Cierva No. 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - José E Báez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato (UG) Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Javaid MA, Cheema SA, Nasir N, Ahmad S, Hussain MT, Tanveer Z, Mustafa MZU, Tahir U, Ali S. Exploring the synergistic effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan in enhancing thermal stability of polyurethanes through statistical mixture design approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131441. [PMID: 38583848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The thermal stability of polyurethanes, known for its limitations, was addressed in this research by seeking improvement through the introduction of carbohydrate-based chain extenders. In this research paper, we systematically sought to improve the thermal resistance of polyurethanes by incorporating carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan, representing a pioneering application of the mixture design approach in their preparation. In this synthesis, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were reacted to prepare -NCO terminated prepolymer, which was subsequently reacted with varying mole ratios of CMC and CSN to develop a series of five PU samples. The prepared PU samples were characterized using the Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopic technique. Thermal pyrolysis of PU samples was examined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was observed that, among all the samples, PUS-3 showed remarkable thermal stability over a wide temperature range. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted to substantiate the experimental findings. It was estimated that CMC and CSN significantly enhance the thermal stability of the samples when involved in an interaction fashion. The ANOVA Table for the mixture design demonstrates that over 90 % of the total variation in thermal stability is explained by the mixture model across a wide temperature range. Moreover, PSU-3 exhibited 4 % more thermal stability over a wide range of temperatures on average, as compared to contemporary samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Salman Arif Cheema
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Nasir
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | - Zaighum Tanveer
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Mustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Usama Tahir
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Shehbaz Ali
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iqbal A, Javaid MA, Hussain MT, Raza ZA. Development of lactic acid based chain extender and soybean oil-derived polyurethanes for ecofriendly sustained drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130717. [PMID: 38479673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, a range of sustainable, biocompatible and biodegradable polyurethanes (PU-1 to PU-4) were synthesized using different combinations of biobased polyol (obtained through the epoxidation of soybean oil, followed by ring opening with ethanol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and isophorone diisocyanate. The sustainable chain extender used in this study was synthesized by the esterification of lactic acid with ethylene glycol (EG). The synthesized PU samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. Wetting ability and thermal degradation analysis (TGA) of the samples were also studied. Subsequently, these PUs were examined as potential drug delivery systems using Gabapentin as a model drug, which was loaded in the polymer matrix using the solvent evaporation method. The drug release studies were carried out in 0.06 N HCl as a release medium according to the method outlined in the United States Pharmacopeia. The maximum drug release was observed for sample PU-P1, which was found to be 53.0 % after 6 h. Moreover, a comparison of different PU samples revealed a trend wherein the values of drug release were decreased with an increase in the PEG content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Iqbal
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad-37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad-37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad-37610, Pakistan.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Raza
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad-37610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arshad N, Javaid MA, Zia KM, Hussain MT, Arshad MM, Tahir U. Development of biocompatible aqueous polyurethane dispersions using chitosan and curcumin to improve physicochemical properties of textile surfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126196. [PMID: 37558043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The present research work aims to synthesize a blend of chitosan (CSN) and curcumin (CRN) based aqueous polyurethane dispersions (CSN-CRN APUDs) for the modification of textile surfaces. A series of anionic CSN-CRN APUDs were prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and extended with chain extenders (CSN and CRN). Structural characterizations of prepared materials were examined through a fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The performances of coated CSN-CRN APUDs on the colorfastness properties (washing, rubbing and perspiration) and the mechanical properties like tensile strength and tearing strength of plain weaved poly/cellulosic textiles (dyed, printed and white) were examined before and after the application of CSN-CRN APUDs. The findings showed that the mechanical and colorfastness properties of all the CSN-CRN APUDs treated poly/cellulosic textile samples were improved significantly as compared with untreated poly/cellulosic textile samples. The newly synthesized CSN-CRN APUD coating materials are sustainable and greener products, particularly derivatized from bio-resources. These coating materials can be utilized as outstanding eco-friendly substitutes for poly/cellulosic textile coatings for surface modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, A/51-A, S.I.T.E., Karachi-75700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | | | - Usama Tahir
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akram N, Shahzadi I, Zia KM, Saeed M, Ali A, Al-Salahi R, Abuelizz HA, Verpoort F. Fabrication and In Vitro Biological Assay of Thermo-Mechanically Tuned Chitosan Reinforced Polyurethane Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:7218. [PMID: 37894696 PMCID: PMC10608899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive trend of utilizing bioactive materials constitutes diverse materials exhibiting biocompatibility. The innovative aspect of this research is the tuning of the thermo-mechanical behavior of polyurethane (PU) composites with improved biocompatibility for vibrant applications. Polycaprolactone (CAPA) Mn = 2000 g-mol-1 was used as a macrodiol, along with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), to develop prepolymer chains, which were terminated with 1,4 butane diol (BD). The matrix was reinforced with various concentrations of chitosan (1-5 wt %). Two series of PU composites (PUT/PUH) based on aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanate were prepared by varying the hard segment (HS) ratio from 5 to 30 (wt %). The Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the absence of an NCO peak at 1730 cm-1 in order to confirm polymer chain termination. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed optimum weight loss up to 500 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the complex modulus (E*) ≥ 200 MPa. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proved the ordered structure and uniform distribution of chain extender in PU. The hemolytic activities were recorded up to 15.8 ± 1.5% for the PUH series. The optimum values for the inhibition of biofilm formation were recorded as 46.3 ± 1.8% against E. coli and S. aureus (%), which was supported by phase contrast microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hatem A. Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morales-González M, Navas-Gómez K, Diaz LE, Gómez-Tejedor JA, Valero MF. Incorporation of Chitosan in Polyurethanes Based on Modified Castor Oil for Cardiovascular Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3733. [PMID: 37765587 PMCID: PMC10535904 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased demand for vascular grafts for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has led to the search for novel biomaterials that can achieve the properties of the tissue. According to this, the investigation of polyurethanes has been a promising approach to overcome the present limitations. However, some biological properties remain to be overcome, such as thrombogenicity and hemocompatibility, among others. This paper aims to synthesize polyurethanes based on castor oil and castor oil transesterified with triethanolamine (TEA) and pentaerythritol (PE) and with the incorporation of 1% chitosan. Analysis of the wettability, enzymatic degradation, mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), and thermal stability was performed. Along with the evaluation of the cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast (L929) and human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cells, the hemolysis rate and platelet adhesion were determined. The castor-oil-based polyurethanes with and without 1% chitosan posed hydrophobic surfaces and water absorptions of less than 2% and enzymatic degradation below 0.5%. Also, they were thermally stable until 300 °C, with tensile strength like cardiovascular tissues. The synthesized castor oil/chitosan polyurethanes are non-cytotoxic (cell viabilities above 80%) to L929 and HDFa cells and non-thrombogenic and non-hemolytic (less than 2%); therefore, they are suitable for cardiovascular applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morales-González
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group (GEMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Kelly Navas-Gómez
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group (GEMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Luis E. Diaz
- Bioprospecting Research Group (GIBP), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - José A. Gómez-Tejedor
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel F. Valero
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group (GEMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Javaid MA, Jabeen S, Arshad N, Zia KM, Hussain MT, Bhatti IA, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Ullah I. Development of amylopectin based polyurethanes for sustained drug release studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125224. [PMID: 37285893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, the crosslinked structure of polyurethane has been exploited for sustained drug delivery. Polyurethane composites have been prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL), which were further extended by varying the mole ratios of amylopectin (AMP) and 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) chain extenders. The progress and completion of the reaction of polyurethane (PU) were confirmed using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that the molecular weights of prepared polymers were increased with the addition of amylopectin into the PU matrix. The molecular weight of AS-4 (Mw ≈ 99,367) was found threefold as compared to amylopectin-free PU (Mw ≈ 37,968). Thermal degradation analysis was done using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and inferred that AS-5 showed stability up to 600 °C which was the maximum among all PUs because AMP has a large number of -OH units for linking with prepolymer resulting in a more cross-linked structure which improved the thermal stability of the AS-5 sample. The samples prepared with AMP showed less drug release (<53 %) as compared to the PU sample prepared without AMP (AS-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Arshad
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, Karachi 75700, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | - Ijaz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Amer Iqbal
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
González-Torres M, Elizalde-Cárdenas A, Leyva-Gómez G, González-Mendoza O, Lima E, Alfonso-Núñez I, Abad-Contreras DE, Del Prado-Audelo M, Pichardo-Bahena R, Carlos-Martínez A, Ribas-Aparicio RM. Combined use of novel chitosan-grafted N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide polyurethane and human dermal fibroblasts as a construct for in vitro-engineered skin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124136. [PMID: 36965555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
A rich plethora of information about grafted chitosan (CS) for medical use has been reported. The capability of CS-grafted poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (CS-g-PHEAA) to support human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in vitro has been proven. However, CS-grafted copolymers lack good stiffness and the characteristic microstructure of a cellular matrix. In addition, whether CS-g-PHEAA can be used to prepare a scaffold with a suitable morphology and mechanical properties for skin tissue engineering (STE) is unclear. This study aimed to show for the first time that step-growth polymerizations can be used to obtain polyurethane (PU) platforms of CS-g-PHEAA, which can also have enhanced microhardness and be suitable for in vitro cell culture. The PU prepolymers were prepared from grafted CS, polyethylene glycol, and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. The results proved that a poly(saccharide-urethane) [(CS-g-PHEAA)-PU] could be successfully synthesized with a more suitable microarchitecture, thermal properties, and topology than CS-PU for the dynamic culturing of fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity, proliferation, histological and immunophenotype assessments revealed significantly higher biocompatibility and cell proliferation of the derivative concerning the controls. Cells cultured on (CS-g-PHEAA)-PU displayed a quiescent state compared to those cultured on CS-PU, which showed an activated phenotype. These findings may be critical factors in future studies establishing wound dressing models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maykel González-Torres
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico.
| | | | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo González-Mendoza
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Israel Alfonso-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - David Eduardo Abad-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María Del Prado-Audelo
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Pichardo-Bahena
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Alberto Carlos-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, 07738, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zafar K, Zia KM, Alzhrani RM, Almalki AH, Alshehri S. Biocompatibility and Hemolytic Activity Studies of Synthesized Alginate-Based Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102091. [PMID: 35631972 PMCID: PMC9147020 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many investigators have focused on the development of biocompatible polyurethanes by chemical reaction of functional groups contained in a spacer and introduced in the PU backbone or by a grafting method on graft polymerization of functional groups. In this study, alginate-based polyurethane (PU) composites were synthesized via step-growth polymerization by the reaction of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). The polymer chains were further extended with blends of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) and alginate (ALG) with different mole ratios. The structures of the prepared PU samples were elucidated with FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystallinity of the prepared samples was evaluated with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results reveal that the crystallinity of the PU samples increases when the concentration of alginate increases. Thermogravimetric (TGA) results show that samples containing a higher amount of alginate possess higher thermal stability. ALG-based PU composite samples show more biocompatibility and less hemolytic activity. Mechanical properties, contact angle, and water absorption (%) were also greatly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Zafar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan;
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan;
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-(300)-6603967; Fax: +92-(41)-9200671
| | - Rami M. Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aslam MR, Khera RA, El-Badry YA, Rafiq M, Naveed A, Shehzad MT, Iqbal J. Tuning of diphenylamine subphthalocyanine based small molecules with efficient photovoltaic parameters for organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 112:108146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Synthesis and molecular characterization of chitosan/alginate blends based polyurethanes biocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:324-331. [PMID: 33737184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to examine the structural properties of polyurethanes bio-composites with mole ratios of alginate and chitosan. For this concern, a two-step reaction mechanism was carried out; in the first step isocyanate (-NCO) terminated pre-polymer was synthesized by the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). The pre-polymer was further extended with 1,4-butanediol (BDO), chitosan (CS) and alginate (ALG) in the second step. Structural and functional group elucidation was done by using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The crystallinity of the prepared samples was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, the maximum observed intensity was 7704 a.u. The thermal properties of polyurethane composites were carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The TGA results showed that thermal stability of RPU-5 was 20 °C more than RPU-1 at each corresponding degradation temperature. It is observed all physical parameters like crystallinity, glass transition temperature, melting point are much dependent on ratio of chain extenders. Overall, CS based samples along with small amount of ALG showed better thermal properties.
Collapse
|
15
|
González-Torres M, Serrano-Aguilar IH, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Pichardo-Bahena R, Melgarejo-Ramírez Y, Leyva-Gómez G, Cortés H, de Los Angeles Moyaho-Bernal M, Lima E, Ibarra C, Velasquillo C. Gamma radiation-induced grafting of poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) onto chitosan: A comprehensive study of a polyurethane scaffold intended for skin tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:117916. [PMID: 34364636 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel brush-like poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAEMA) was grafted onto chitosan (CS) through gamma radiation-induced polymerization. The copolymer (CS-g-PAEMA) was used to prepare a sodium acetate leached poly(urethane-urea) scaffold. The above derivatives were developed, synthesized, and characterized to meet the specific characteristics of biomaterials. The results revealed that this method is an easy and successful route for grafting PAEMA onto CS. The feasibility of preparing a CS-g-PAEMA polyurethane foam was confirmed by mechanical, morphometric, spectroscopic, and cytotoxic studies. The scaffold showed high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The first experiment proved that CS-based polyurethane efficiently allows the dynamic culturing of human fibroblast cells. Additionally, an in vivo study in a murine model indicated a complete integration of the scaffold to surrounding subcutaneous tissue as supported by the histological and histochemical assessments. The aforementioned results support the use of CS-g-PAEMA poly(saccharide-urethane) as a model of in vitro-engineered skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maykel González-Torres
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Ilian Haide Serrano-Aguilar
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Laboratorio de Tejido Conjuntivo, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Pichardo-Bahena
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Yaaziel Melgarejo-Ramírez
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Clemente Ibarra
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Cristina Velasquillo
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", 14389, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li C, Qin W, Lakshmanan S, Ma X, Sun X, Xu B. Hydroxyapatite based biocomposite scaffold: A highly biocompatible material for bone regeneration. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2143-2148. [PMID: 32742182 PMCID: PMC7384365 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional approaches for treating bone defects such as autografts donor tissue shortages and allografts transmission of diseases pose many shortcomings. The objective of this study was to design a nano strontium/magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (Sr/Mg-HA) with chitosan (CTS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (Sr/Mg-HA/MWCNT/CTS) biocomposite was created to support the growth of osteoblasts using a solvent evaporation method. To help the growth of osteoblasts, a solvent evaporation technique was used to design a nano strontium/magnesium doped hydroxyapatite with chitosan and multi-walled carbon nanotubes biocomposite. We studied the biocompatibility and efficiency in vitro of biocomposite following physicochemical analyzes. Tests of biocompatibility, cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation have shown that in-vitro safety and effectiveness of biocomposite are good. The performance of biocomposite was more efficient in in-vitro as well as in vivo experiments than in Sr/Mg-HA nanoparticles. Briefly, the Sr/Mg-HA/MWCNT/CTS biocomposite is an ideal candidate for effective bone repair in clinics with excellent mechanical properties with durable multi-biofunctional antibacterial properties and osteoinductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou city, Hubei Province 434000, China
| | - Weiguang Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Zhanhua District People's Hospital of Binzhou, Binzhou city, Shandong Province 256800, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Tai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai'an city, Shandong Province 271000 China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Office of Academic Research, Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou city, Hubei Province 434000, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai city 200120, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Amjed N, Bhatti IA, Zia KM, Iqbal J, Jamil Y. Synthesis and characterization of stable and biological active chitin-based polyurethane elastomers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1149-1157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Javaid MA, Zia KM, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Akram N, Liu X, Nawaz H, Khosa MK, Awais M. Utilization of waxy corn starch as an efficient chain extender for the preparation of polyurethane elastomers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:415-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Javaid MA, Zia KM, Zafar K, Khosa MK, Akram N, Ajmal M, Imran M, Iqbal MN. Synthesis and molecular characterization of chitosan/starch blends based polyurethanes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:243-252. [PMID: 31891704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Starch/chitosan modified polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized by step growth polymerization reaction between -NCO terminated prepolymer and chain extenders (1,4-Butanediol/starch/chitosan). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was reacted with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) to synthesize prepolymer and was further reacted with different moles ratio of starch/chitosan to produced five samples of polyurethane (PU). These samples were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The surface characterizations of PUs were done by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of PUs was higher when the mixture of both natural materials was used at equal amounts. It is concluded that combination of both starch and chitosan are efficient for the synthesis of PUs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Kashif Zafar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spanemberg FEM, Korzenowski AL, Sellitto MA. Effects of sugar composition on shelf life of hard candy: Optimization study using D‐optimal mixture design of experiments. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio E. M. Spanemberg
- Production and System Engineering Graduate ProgramUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos–UNISINOS São Leopoldo RS Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Graduate ProgramInstituto Federal Sul‐rio‐grandense–IFSUL Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - André L. Korzenowski
- Production and System Engineering Graduate ProgramUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos–UNISINOS São Leopoldo RS Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Sellitto
- Production and System Engineering Graduate ProgramUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos–UNISINOS São Leopoldo RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Evaluation of cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility and spectral studies of chitosan assisted polyurethanes prepared with various diisocyanates. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:116-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|