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Falzarano M, Marìn A, Cabedo L, Polettini A, Pomi R, Rossi A, Zonfa T. Alternative end-of-life options for disposable bioplastic products: Degradation and ecotoxicity assessment in compost and soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142648. [PMID: 38906189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Four different end-of-life options for disposable bioplastic cups were investigated and compared based on their environmental implications. Two products with distinct polymeric composition were tested simulating the following scenarios at laboratory scale: i) industrial composting (180 days at 58 °C); ii) anaerobic digestion followed by industrial composting (45 days at 55 °C and 180 days at 58 °C); iii) anaerobic digestion followed by direct digestate use on soil for agricultural purposes (45 days at 55 °C and 180 days at 25 °C); iv) uncontrolled release into a soil environment (180 days at 25 °C). Ecotoxicity tests were run at the end of each experiment to investigate the effects of the materials on three main groups of terrestrial model organisms: plants, earthworms and nitrifying bacteria. Complete biodegradation of the cups was observed in 180 days in the scenarios involving composting environment. A low degree of biodegradation (22.9 ± 4.5%) of the digestates in soil was observed, warning for a potential micro-bioplastics discharge into the environment. No degradation was observed for the cups in soil during the same testing period. Ecotoxicity tests revealed a negative effect on plants biomass growth across all samples, which was 17-30% lower compared to the blank sample. The experimental campaign highlighted the need for a systematic assessment of controlled treatment of bioplastics, as well as the need for a harmonized legislative framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Falzarano
- DICEA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy.
| | - A Marìn
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - L Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain; CEBIMAT LAB S.L, ESPAITEC, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat S/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - A Polettini
- DICEA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - R Pomi
- DICEA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- DICEA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - T Zonfa
- DICEA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
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2
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Parida M, Jena T, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Advancing sustainable agriculture: Evaluation of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) based mulch films and identification of biodegrading microorganisms among soil microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132085. [PMID: 38723836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Non-biodegradable polyolefin based plastic mulch residues in agricultural fields after the end of a crop cycle have raised several concerns as an environmental pollutant in recent years. This study explores the potential of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) based compostable films reactively blended with compatibilizers and chain extenders as a promising solution to environmental challenges associated with traditional plastic mulch films. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and Epoxy-functionalized styrene acrylic copolymer (ESA) have been used as reactive compatibilizers and chain extenders respectively. In-depth analysis of the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of the developed films, revealed that the PLA/PBAT blend films at 75:25 weight ratio in the presence of 5 phr ESO and 0.5 phr ESA exhibit improved performance characteristics for application as mulch films. Furthermore, the films were subjected to 360-h UV exposure to gauge their stability under prolonged exposure, specifically investigating changes in the carbonyl index. Additionally, a rigorous real-time field trial of the mulch films spanning eight months with various crops was carried out to understand their performance in practical agricultural settings. The study also involved the identification of microorganisms responsible for the degradation of the developed mulch films employing 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmath Parida
- Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET): SARP - LARPM, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Tapaswini Jena
- Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET): SARP - LARPM, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET): SARP - LARPM, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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3
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Soo XYD, Jia L, Lim QF, Chua MH, Wang S, Hui HK, See JMR, Chen Y, Li J, Wei F, Tomczak N, Kong J, Loh XJ, Fei X, Zhu Q. Hydrolytic degradation and biodegradation of polylactic acid electrospun fibers. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141186. [PMID: 38215833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Increased use of bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreases energy consumption and lowers pollution, but its degradation efficiency has much room for improvement. The degradation rate of electrospun PLA fibers of varying diameters ranging from 0.15 to 1.33 μm is measured during hydrolytic degradation under different pH from 5.5 to 10, and during aerobic biodegradation in seawater supplemented with activated sewage sludge. In hydrolytic conditions, varying PLA fiber diameter had significant influence over percentage weight loss (W%L), where faster degradation was achieved for PLA fibers with smaller diameter. W%L was greatest for PLA-5 > PLA-12 > PLA-16 > PLA-20, with average W%L at 30.7%, 27.8%, 17.2% and 14.3% respectively. While different pH environment does not have a significant influence on PLA degradation, with W%L only slightly higher for basic environments. Similarly biodegradation displayed faster degradation for small diameter fibers with PLA-5 attaining the highest degree of biodegradation at 22.8% after 90 days. Hydrolytic degradation resulted in no significant structural change, while biodegradation resulted in significant hydroxyl end capping products on the PLA surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of degraded PLA fibers showed a deteriorated morphology of PLA-5 and PLA-12 fibers with increased adhesion structures and irregularly shaped fibers, while a largely unmodified morphology for PLA-16 and PLA-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yun Debbie Soo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Linran Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Qi Feng Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Suxi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hui Kim Hui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Regine See
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yunjie Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiuwei Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Fengxia Wei
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Junhua Kong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore; Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
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4
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Bartolucci L, Cordiner S, De Maina E, Kumar G, Mele P, Mulone V, Igliński B, Piechota G. Sustainable Valorization of Bioplastic Waste: A Review on Effective Recycling Routes for the Most Widely Used Biopolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097696. [PMID: 37175402 PMCID: PMC10178466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics-based materials have a high carbon footprint, and their disposal is a considerable problem for the environment. Biodegradable bioplastics represent an alternative on which most countries have focused their attention to replace of conventional plastics in various sectors, among which food packaging is the most significant one. The evaluation of the optimal end-of-life process for bioplastic waste is of great importance for their sustainable use. In this review, the advantages and limits of different waste management routes-biodegradation, mechanical recycling and thermal degradation processes-are presented for the most common categories of biopolymers on the market, including starch-based bioplastics, PLA and PBAT. The analysis outlines that starch-based bioplastics, unless blended with other biopolymers, exhibit good biodegradation rates and are suitable for disposal by composting, while PLA and PBAT are incompatible with this process and require alternative strategies. The thermal degradation process is very promising for chemical recycling, enabling building blocks and the recovery of valuable chemicals from bioplastic waste, according to the principles of a sustainable and circular economy. Nevertheless, only a few articles have focused on this recycling process, highlighting the need for research to fully exploit the potentiality of this waste management route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bartolucci
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cordiner
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele De Maina
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pietro Mele
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mulone
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bartłomiej Igliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM, Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Agustin-Salazar S, Ricciulli M, Ambrogi V, Cerruti P, Scarinzi G. Thermomechanical Properties and Biodegradation Behavior of Itaconic Anhydride-Grafted PLA/Pecan Nutshell Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245532. [PMID: 36559900 PMCID: PMC9785769 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lignocellulose-rich biowaste as reinforcing filler in biodegradable polymers represents a sustainable option to obtain cost-effective bio-based materials to be used for several applications. In addition, the scarce polymer-biofiller interaction can be improved by reactive functionalization of the matrix. However, the obtained biocomposites might show high thermal deformability and possibly a slow biodegradation rate. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) was first chemically modified with itaconic anhydride, and then biocomposites containing 50 wt.% of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nutshell (PNS) biowaste were prepared and characterized. Their physical and morphological properties were determined, along with their biodegradation behavior in soil. Moreover, the effects of two environmentally friendly physical treatments, namely ball-milling of the filler and thermal annealing on biocomposites, were assessed. Grafting increased PLA thermal-oxidative stability and crystallinity. The latter was further enhanced by the presence of PNS, achieving a 30% overall increase compared to the plain matrix. Accordingly, the biocomposites displayed mechanical properties comparable to those of the plain matrix. Thermal annealing dramatically increased the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of all materials, and the heat deflection temperature of the biocomposites dramatically increased up to 60 °C with respect to the non-annealed samples. Finally, PNS promoted PLA biodegradation, triggering the swelling of the composites under soil burial, and accelerating the removal of the polymer amorphous phase. These results highlight the potential of combining natural fillers and environmentally benign physicochemical treatments to tailor the properties of PLA biocomposites. The high biofiller content used in this work, in conjunction with the chemical and physico-mechanical treatments applied, increased the thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance of PLA biocomposites while improving their biodegradation behavior. These outcomes allow for widening the application field of PLA biocomposites in those areas requiring a stiff and lightweight material with low deformability and faster biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Agustin-Salazar
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (DIQyM), University of Sonora, Building 5B, Del Conocimiento, Centro, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Ricciulli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Gaetano Previati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Gennaro Scarinzi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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6
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Biodegradation of PLA/CNC composite modified with non-ionic surfactants. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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7
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Abotbina W, Sapuan SM, Ilyas RA, Sultan MTH, Alkbir MFM, Sulaiman S, Harussani MM, Bayraktar E. Recent Developments in Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Based Biocomposites and Their Potential Industrial Applications: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6992. [PMID: 36234333 PMCID: PMC9571773 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid use of petroleum resources coupled with increased awareness of global environmental problems associated with the use of petroleum-based plastics is a major driving force in the acceptance of natural fibers and biopolymers as green materials. Because of their environmentally friendly and sustainable nature, natural fibers and biopolymers have gained significant attention from scientists and industries. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a plant that has various purposes for use. It is the primary source of food in many countries and is also used in the production of biocomposites, biopolymers, and biofibers. Starch from cassava can be plasticized, reinforced with fibers, or blended with other polymers to strengthen their properties. Besides that, it is currently used as a raw material for bioethanol and renewable energy production. This comprehensive review paper explains the latest developments in bioethanol compounds from cassava and gives a detailed report on macro and nano-sized cassava fibers and starch, and their fabrication as blend polymers, biocomposites, and hybrid composites. The review also highlights the potential utilization of cassava fibers and biopolymers for industrial applications such as food, bioenergy, packaging, automotive, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abotbina
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Sustainable Waste Management Research Group (SWAM), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. T. H. Sultan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. M. Alkbir
- Advanced Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (MITEC), University Kuala Lumpur, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, Masai 81750, Johor, Malaysia
- Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (MITEC), Universitiy Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru 81750, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S. Sulaiman
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8552, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emin Bayraktar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, ISAE-SUPMECA Institute of Mechanics of Paris, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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8
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Comparative study on mechanical properties of virgin and recycled polylactic acid aging in natural weathering and seawater environment. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Salazar-Sánchez MDR, Immirzi B, Solanilla-Duque JF, Zannini D, Malinconico M, Santagata G. Ulomoides dermestoides Coleopteran action on Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid) films biodegradation: a novel, challenging and sustainable approach for a fast mineralization process. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 279:118989. [PMID: 34980348 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ulomoides dermestoides (UL) are macroinvertebrates insects belonging to Tenebrionidae Coleopteran family. They were used to hasten, in five days, the biodegradation-mineralization of thermoplastic starch (TPS)-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films, otherwise biodegradable under composting conditions. After the contact of TPS-PLA film with UL for five days, TPS was metabolized and PLA was hydrolysed, as evidenced by decreasing of hydroxyl and carbonyl group peaks intensity by FTIR spectra, increasing of 13% of PLA crystallinity by DSC thermograms, reduction of PLA and TPS thermal stability by TGA analysis; faecal residues evidenced two glass transition temperature Tg, at 33 °C and 57 °C, associated with depolymerized TPS and PLA, respectively. SEM micrographs highlighted consumption of TPS-PLA surface, while GPC analysis showed a decrease in PLA concentration by 20% during contact by UL. Mineralization tests evidenced UL boosted effect on TPS biodigestion-biodegradation (80%) and PLA biodisintegration (50%), envisaging a challenging perspective for end-life management of bioplastics in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Immirzi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Zannini
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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10
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A Review of Nonbiodegradable and Biodegradable Composites for Food Packaging Application. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7670819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependency on nonbiodegradable-based food packaging, increase in population growth, and persistent environmental problems are some of the driving forces in considering the development of biodegradable food packaging. This effort of green packaging has the potential to solve issues on plastic wastes through the combination of biodegradable composite-based food packaging with plant extracts, nanomaterials, or other types of polymer. Modified biodegradable materials have provided numerous alternatives for producing green packaging with mechanical strength, thermal stability, and barrier performance that are comparable to the conventional food packaging. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of nonbiodegradable and biodegradable composites as food packaging in terms of the above properties has not yet been reviewed. In this context, the capability of biodegradable polymers to substitute the nonbiodegradable polymers was emphasized to enhance the packaging biodegradation while retaining the mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial or antibacterial activity. These are the ultimate goal in the food industry. This review will impart useful information on the properties of food packaging developed from different polymers and future outlook toward the development of green food packaging.
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11
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Starch engineered with Moringa oleifera seeds protein crosslinked Fe 3O 4: A synthesis and flocculation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2006-2020. [PMID: 34752794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to utilize cationic protein extracted from the Moringa oleifera seed in the fabrication of cationic starch crosslinked with magnetic nanoparticles (MagCS). Important synthesis parameters include starch to cationic protein volume ratio, magnetic nanoparticles mass fraction, reaction and crosslinking time, reaction and crosslinking temperature and crosslinker concentration. At optimum synthesis conditions, MagCS yield a 38.55% amide content, 2.46 degree of substitution, 1.1 mmol/g charge density and 78.6% crosslinking, which are much higher compared to other starch derivatives. A series of characterization analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer concluded that MagCS was embedded with amide group, has high crystallinity structure, is thermally stable and shows a promising magnetic characteristic. Based on the synthesis parameters and characterization studies, the synthesis mechanism of MagCS was also postulated. The flocculation performance of MagCS was successfully assessed for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent. At optimum dosage, initial pH and settling time of 1.0 g/L, 9.0 and 15 min, the MagCS flocculant was able to remove 90.48, 83.95 and 58.19% of turbidity, color and chemical oxygen demand, respectively. This study provides an alternative eco-friendly materials in the wastewater treatment application.
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12
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Aworinde AK, Taiwo OO, Adeosun SO, Akinlabi ET, Jonathan H, Olayemi OA, Joseph OO. Biodegradation profiles of chitin, chitosan and titanium reinforced polylactide biocomposites as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2021.1971865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham K. Aworinde
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi O. Taiwo
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samson O. Adeosun
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Esther T. Akinlabi
- Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hassana Jonathan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Odunlami A. Olayemi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O. Joseph
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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13
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De Falco F, Avolio R, Errico ME, Di Pace E, Avella M, Cocca M, Gentile G. Comparison of biodegradable polyesters degradation behavior in sand. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126231. [PMID: 34492985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sandy beaches represent environmental compartments particularly vulnerable to litter pollution, and they reflect the magnitude of pollution of adjacent compartments: water and coastal areas. The substitution of conventional polymers by biodegradable materials is generally considered as an alternative for reducing environmental accumulation of plastic debris. The present study is aimed to investigate the degradation of poly(lactic acid), poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(butylenesuccinate adipate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) buried in sand for 267 days, simulating them as beach litter. The analysed polyesters showed different degradation mechanisms and kinetics. PLA is mainly subjected to weathering by physical aging; after an initial faster degradation of the amorphous phase, PCL showed a decrease of its degradation rate; similarly to PCL, the degradation of PBSA started from the amorphous phase; PHB is clearly subjected to biological degradation. The degradation trend of the investigated materials in sand decreased in the order PHB > PBSA > PCL > PLA. PLA, PCL and PBSA did not undergo complete degradation in sand during the testing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Roberto Avolio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Errico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Emilia Di Pace
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maurizio Avella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Mariacristina Cocca
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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14
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Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Cao M, Li J, Wu M, Zhang H, Zheng S, Liu H, Yang M. Combining 'grafting to' and 'grafting from' to synthesize comb-like NCC-g-PLA as a macromolecular modifying agent of PLA. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:385601. [PMID: 34130270 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0b63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of nano particles is very important in nanotechnology. Grafting from (GF) and grafting to (GT) are two main methods to prepare surface modified nanoparticles like nanocellulose crystalline (NCC) grafted with polylactic acid (PLA) chains. In the GF method, the NCC can get high grafting degree but short side chains to improve its compatibility with the polymer matrix. The GT method can help obtain long side chains to increase the chain entanglements but owns low grafting density. To take the advantage of both methods, a mixed modification method combining GT and GF methods was put forward to synthesize comb-like NCC-g-PLA (NP) as a macromolecular modifying agent of PLA. Firstly, GT Method was used to obtain long side-chain NP to improve chain entanglement. Secondly, the GF method was applied to obtain NP-g-PLA (NPL) and NP-g-PDLA (NPD) with additional short side chains to improve its dispersion and compatibility in the PLA matrix. The products showed an enhanced nucleation effect, the degree of crystallinity (Xc) of PLA composites increased almost four times with only 1 wt% NPD or NPL. What's more, the storage modulus and loss modulus of the composite melts also increased with 1 wt% NPL or NPD. The NPD/PLA shows a higher effect than NPL/PLA owning to stronger interaction originated from the stereocomplex (SC) network of PLA matrix with PDLA short chains in NPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodi Zheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
- East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Montilla‐Buitrago CE, Gómez‐López RA, Solanilla‐Duque JF, Serna‐Cock L, Villada‐Castillo HS. Effect of Plasticizers on Properties, Retrogradation, and Processing of Extrusion‐Obtained Thermoplastic Starch: A Review. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo E. Montilla‐Buitrago
- Research Group in Science and Technology of Agroindustrial Interest – CYTBIA, Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Universidad del Cauca Cauca 190002 Colombia
| | - Rudy A. Gómez‐López
- Research Group in Science and Technology of Agroindustrial Interest – CYTBIA, Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Universidad del Cauca Cauca 190002 Colombia
- Faculty of Engineering and Administration Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira Valle del Cauca 763533 Colombia
| | - José F. Solanilla‐Duque
- Research Group in Science and Technology of Agroindustrial Interest – CYTBIA, Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Universidad del Cauca Cauca 190002 Colombia
| | - Liliana Serna‐Cock
- Faculty of Engineering and Administration Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira Valle del Cauca 763533 Colombia
| | - Héctor S. Villada‐Castillo
- Research Group in Science and Technology of Agroindustrial Interest – CYTBIA, Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Universidad del Cauca Cauca 190002 Colombia
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16
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Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends Modified with Acid Agents. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a functionalization strategy of starch-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with organic acids. Lactic and acetic acid were used as acid agents, and oleic acid was also included in the previous acids, with the aim of finding a synergy that thermodynamically benefits the products and provides hydrophobicity. The ratio of starch and sorbitol was 70:30, and the added acid agent replaced 6% of the plasticizer; meanwhile, the thermoplastic starch (TPS)–PLA blend proportion was 70:30 considering the modified TPS. The mixtures were obtained in a torque rheometer at 50 rpm for 10 min at 150 °C. The organic acids facilitated interactions between TPS and PLA. Although TPS and PLA are not miscible, PLA uniformly dispersed into the starch matrix. Furthermore, a reduction in the surface polarity was achieved, which enabled the wettability to reach values close to those of neat PLA (TPS–L-PLA increased by 55% compared to TPS–PLA). The rheological results showed a modulus similar to that of TPS. In general, there were transitions from elastic to viscous, in which the viscous phase predominated. The first and second-order thermal transitions did not show significant changes. The structural affinity of lactic acid with biopolymers (TPS–L-PLA) allowed a greater interaction and was corroborated with the mechanical properties, resulting in a greater resistance with respect to pure TPS and blended TPS–PLA (28.9%). These results are particularly relevant for the packaging industry.
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17
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Santos TA, Spinacé MAS. Sandwich panel biocomposite of thermoplastic corn starch and bacterial cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:358-368. [PMID: 33278430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate disposition and long period for degradation of Petroleum-derived polymers promote damages in the environment, which could be minimized by the use of biodegradable polymers such as starch and cellulose. Films of thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) and bacterial cellulose (BC) were used to produce sandwich panel biocomposite. RXD, SEM and FTIR were used to verify the transformation of TPS from native corn starch. TPS/BC is flexible and transparent, but it is less transparent that TPS and BC due to its multilayer format. TPS/BC presented similar thermal events to TPS and BC samples and thermal stability similar to TPS. The FTIR spectrum of the TPS/BC showed bands observed in the BC and TPS spectra. BC, TPS and TPS/BC showed faster water absorption in the initial stage reaching a stability at about 50 h and presenting Fickian behavior. TPS/BC showed lower water absorption and a good adhesion between the phases observed by SEM images, which can be associated to hydrogen interactions in the interface improving mechanical properties. TPS/BC showed an increase of about 3.6 times in the tensile strength compared to TPS, indicating that BC is a good reinforcement for TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita A Santos
- Federal University of ABC, Natural and Human Sciences Center, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bangu, 09.210-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia A S Spinacé
- Federal University of ABC, Natural and Human Sciences Center, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bangu, 09.210-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Reducing cytotoxicity of poly (lactic acid)-based/zinc oxide nanocomposites while boosting their antibacterial activities by thymol for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4556-4565. [PMID: 32941912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, ternary blends based on poly (lactic acid)/poly (ε-caprolactone)/thermoplastic starch were prepared at different concentrations of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and thymol. The sizes of ZnO-NPs with an average diameter of about 30-50 nm were detected by FE-SEM analysis. Moreover, the effect of ZnO-NPs and thymol on morphological, FT-IR spectrum, UV absorption, thermal stability, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties of neat blend was investigated. TGA analysis showed that the addition of ZnO-NPs and/or thymol diminished thermal stability of the system. Incorporating ZnO-NPs improved antibacterial activities of the neat blend, but MTT-assay and AO fluorescent staining test results depicted a decrease in cell viability to less than 20% by the addition of 5 wt% ZnO-NPs. In such a condition, the addition of thymol to the nanocomposites exhibited a dose-dependent increase in cell survival mostly due to thymol antioxidant properties. Interestingly, the antibacterial performance of compounds was also improved by the presence of thymol. Therefore, the obtained nanocomposites have potential to extend applications of innovative biomedical devices for future research in which both high cell viability and superior antibacterial properties are needed such as an antibacterial wound healing film.
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19
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Chotiprayon P, Chaisawad B, Yoksan R. Thermoplastic cassava starch/poly(lactic acid) blend reinforced with coir fibres. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:960-968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Liu Y, Jiang S, Yan W, He M, Qin J, Qin S, Yu J. Crystallization Morphology Regulation on Enhancing Heat Resistance of Polylactic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071563. [PMID: 32679673 PMCID: PMC7407181 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To expand the use of polylactic acid (PLA) in high-temperature environments, crystallization morphology regulation was studied to enhance the heat resistance of PLA. PLA crystallinity was controlled using heat treatment and nucleating agent (zinc phenylphosphonate, brand TMC). The heat deflection temperatures of PLAs with same crystallinities considerably varied using different treatments. The crystallization morphology of PLA (4032D) and PLA/TMC composites was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopy. XRD test results show that TMC can improve the crystallization rate and heat treatment can enhance the crystallinity and thickness of PLA, suggesting that the crystallization morphology improved after heat treatment. Nucleating agents can increase the crystallinity of PLA but cannot improve its crystallization morphology. The findings indicate that at the same crystallinity, PLAs exhibit improved crystallization morphology and high heat resistance; these results can provide guidance for improving the heat resistance of PLAs and facilitate the design of new nucleating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.L.); (S.J.); (J.Q.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China;
| | - Siyuan Jiang
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.L.); (S.J.); (J.Q.)
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;
| | - Min He
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.L.); (S.J.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.L.); (S.J.); (J.Q.)
| | - Shuhao Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China;
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (J.Y.)
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21
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Dai F, Huang J, Liao W, Li D, Wu Y, Huang J, Long Y, Yuan M, Xiang W, Tao F, Cheng Y, Deng H. Chitosan-TiO 2 microparticles LBL immobilized nanofibrous mats via electrospraying for antibacterial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:233-239. [PMID: 31128182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial materials with biodegradable and biocompatible nature have unveiled novel prospects to combat the bacterial infection, which has always been a troubling and challenging issue in the biomedical field. In this study, chitosan (CS) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) microparticles were well immobilized on polylactic acid (PLA) mats by electrospinning-electrospraying hybrid technique. The surface morphology, chemical composition and characteristic group of the mats were characterized. The results indicated that CS/TiO2 microparticles were successfully immobilized on the surface of PLA mats. In addition, the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the composite mats were investigated to confirm that the layer-by-layer immobilization of CS/TiO2 microparticles via electrospraying could enhance the antibacterial effect and biocompatibility of the mats. At the same time, the PLA-(CS/TiO2-1.5%)1.5 mats exhibited the best performance in antibacterial effect (up to about 95%) and cell viability (nearly 92% and 95% at 3 d and 5 d). The composite mats have great potential as an effective antibacterial material for the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Division of Energy & Environment Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenling Liao
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Youmei Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fenghua Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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