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Ul Haq F, Imran M, Ullah S, Aftab U, Akhtar T, Khan AH, Ullah R, Ejaz H, Gaffar F, Khan I. Morchella conica, Morchella esculenta and Morchella delicosa Induce Apoptosis in Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines via Pro-apoptotic and Anti-apoptotic Regulation. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3819-0. [PMID: 39225882 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential apoptotic mechanisms of 3 Morchella extracts (Morchella conica, Morchella esculenta and Morchella delicosa) on breast and colon cancer cell lines using apoptotic biomarkers. METHODS Human breast cell line (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell line (SW-480) were treated with methanol and ethanol extracts of 3 Morchella species with concentration ranging from 0.0625 to 2 mg/mL. After that their effects on gene expression of apoptosis related markers (pro-apoptotic markers including Bax, caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9, and the antiapoptotic marker including Bcl-2) were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All Morchella extracts reduced breast and colon cancer cells proliferation at half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.02 ±0.01 to 0.68 ±0.30 mg/mL. As expected, all Morchella extracts significantly increased gene expressions of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 and downregulated the gene expression of Bcl-2 in MCF-7 and SW-480 cell lines (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Morchella extracts demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against breast and colon cancer cell lines via an apoptosis induction mechanism. Anticancer activity of Morchella extracts and activation of apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells suggest that it may be used to develop chemotherapeutic agents against cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ul Haq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Usman Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Asif Haleem Khan
- Department of Hematology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Roh Ullah
- Department of Hematology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Gaffar
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
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2
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Yin Z, Zhang J, Qin J, Guo L, Guo Q, Kang W, Ma C, Chen L. Anti-inflammatory properties of polysaccharides from edible fungi on health-promotion: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1447677. [PMID: 39130633 PMCID: PMC11310034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1447677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible fungus polysaccharides have garnered significant attention from scholars due to their safety and potential anti-inflammatory activity. However, comprehensive summaries of their anti-inflammatory properties are still rare. This paper provides a detailed overview of the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of these polysaccharides, as well as their impact on inflammation-related diseases. Additionally, the relationship between their structure and anti-inflammatory activity is discussed. It is believed that this review will greatly enhance the understanding of the application of edible fungus polysaccharides in anti-inflammatory treatments, thereby significantly promoting the development and utilization of edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yin
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
- National R and D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Guo
- National R and D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R and D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Function Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R and D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Function Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Xiaoying M, Zhiming H, Tao Y, Jun X, Ying Z, Na G, Xun C, Guoli L, Hong W. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of Morchella esculenta in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15881. [PMID: 37741847 PMCID: PMC10517965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella esculenta is an edible fungus with a uniquely delicious flavor and remarkable benefits for health. Herein, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of Morchella esculenta was elucidated using molecular docking and network pharmacology. NPASS, Super-pred, SEA, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, DisGeNET, Omim database, and STRING platform were used to select anti-inflammatory targets and construct target protein interaction networks using the active ingredients of Morchella esculenta. The OmicShare cloud platform was used to analyze GO functions and KEGG pathways related to the target, and the AutoDock Vina software was used to perform molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the main target. Based on Cytoscape's "Network Analysis", the degree was used to identify potential key targets, and different inflammatory transcriptome data sets were used to evaluate core targets showing clinical significance. The active ingredient of Morchella esculenta identified from the NPASS database was EOYA, which had 43 anti-inflammatory targets, including NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F2, CYP3A4, TLR4, MAPK1, PLA2G4A, and PTPN11, and was mainly implicated in arachidonic acid metabolism, vascular endothelial growth factor signal pathway, and sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of EOYA were mainly related to these biological processes. The degree was used to select 9 potential effective targets, namely NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F2, CYP3A4, TLR4, MAPK1, PLA2G4A, and PTPN11, among which NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, PLA2G4A, MAPK1, CYP3A4, and TLR4 showed clinical significance. Molecular docking results showed that (E)-Octadec-11-En-9-Ynoic Acid (EOYA) could spontaneously bind to the 9 core targets, and the binding fractions of NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F2, and CYP3A4 were the highest. The MD simulation results showed that EYOA did indeed bind well NR1I2 to PTGS2, and the complex has high stability. Morchella esculenta can regulate the activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase, and affect the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thereby impacting the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Xiaoying
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Huo Zhiming
- Information Center, Guidaojiaotong Polytechnic Institute, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Yang Tao
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Xiao Jun
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Zhao Ying
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Gong Na
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Chen Xun
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Liu Guoli
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Wang Hong
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China.
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4
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Liu G, Li Y, Liang L, Liu X, Xu X, Wen C. Advance in Morchella sp. polysaccharides: Isolation, structural characterization and structure-activity relationship: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125819. [PMID: 37455001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Morchella sp. is a kind of precious medicinal and edible fungus with a unique flavor and is rich in various amino acids and organic germanium needed by the human body. Most notably, Morchella sp. polysaccharides have attracted widespread attention due to their significant bioactivity in recent years. At present, extensive studies have been carried out on the extraction methods, structural characterization and activity evaluation of Morchella sp. polysaccharides, which provides a good theoretical basis for its further development and application. However, the systematic summary of the related research of Morchella sp. polysaccharides has not been reported yet. Therefore, this review mainly focused on the isolation and purification methods, structural characterization, biological activities and structure-activity relationship of Morchella sp. polysaccharides. This work will help to have a better in-depth understanding of Morchella sp. polysaccharides and provide a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Youdong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Li Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Chaoting Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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5
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Li W, Cai Z, Schindler F, Bahiraii S, Brenner M, Heiss EH, Weckwerth W. Norbergenin prevents LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages through inhibiting NFκB, MAPK and STAT3 activation and blocking metabolic reprogramming. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117638. [PMID: 37251401 PMCID: PMC10213229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is thought to be a key cause of many chronic diseases and cancer. However, current therapeutic agents to control inflammation have limited long-term use potential due to various side-effects. This study aimed to examine the preventive effects of norbergenin, a constituent of traditional anti-inflammatory recipes, on LPS-induced proinflammatory signaling in macrophages and elucidate the underlying mechanisms by integrative metabolomics and shotgun label-free quantitative proteomics platforms. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified and quantified nearly 3000 proteins across all samples in each dataset. To interpret these datasets, we exploited the differentially expressed proteins and conducted statistical analyses. Accordingly, we found that LPS-induced production of NO, IL1β, TNFα, IL6 and iNOS in macrophages was alleviated by norbergenin via suppressed activation of TLR2 mediated NFκB, MAPKs and STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, norbergenin was capable of overcoming LPS-triggered metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and restrained the facilitated glycolysis, promoted OXPHOS, and restored the aberrant metabolites within the TCA cycle. This is linked to its modulation of metabolic enzymes to support its anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, our results uncover that norbergenin regulates inflammatory signaling cascades and metabolic reprogramming in LPS stimulated macrophages to exert its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhengnan Cai
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Schindler
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sheyda Bahiraii
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Brenner
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Li Y, Chen H, Zhang X. Cultivation, nutritional value, bioactive compounds of morels, and their health benefits: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1159029. [PMID: 37006947 PMCID: PMC10063854 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1159029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Morels are valuable mushrooms being used as foods and medical substances for a long history. The commonly cultivated morel species include M. eximia, M. importuna, and M. sextelata in China, M. conica and M. esculenta in the US. Morels' nutritional profile mainly consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, which are also responsible for its complex sensory attributes and health benefits. The bioactive compounds in morels including polysaccharides, phenolics, tocopherols, and ergosterols contribute to the anti-oxidative abilities, anti-inflammation, immunoprotection, gut health preservation, and anti-cancer abilities. This review depicted on the cultivation of morels, major bioactive compounds of different morel species both from fruit bodies and mycelia, and their health benefits to provide a comprehensive understanding of morels and support the future research and applications of morels as high-value functional food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- Bannerbio Nutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Bannerbio Nutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang
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7
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Antioxidative and Protective Effect of Morchella esculenta against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Alterations in Liver. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051115. [PMID: 36900632 PMCID: PMC10000998 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella esculenta is an edible mushroom with special flavor and high nutritional value for humans, primarily owing to its polysaccharide constituents. M. esculenta polysaccharides (MEPs) possess remarkable pharmaceutical properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-atherogenic activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of MEPs. In vitro activity was determined using free radical scavenging assays, whereas in vivo activity was evaluated through dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced liver injury in mice with acute colitis. MEPs effectively scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis-6-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, DSS-induced mice showed severe liver damage, cellular infiltration, tissue necrosis, and decreased antioxidant capacity. In contrast, intragastric administration of MEPs showed hepatoprotective effects against DSS-induced liver injury. MEPs remarkably elevated the expression levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Additionally, it decreased malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels in the liver. These results indicate that the protective effects of MEP against DSS-induced hepatic injury could rely on its ability to reduce oxidative stress, suppress inflammatory responses, and improve antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver. Therefore, MEPs could be explored as potential natural antioxidant agents in medicine or as functional foods to prevent liver injury.
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8
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Kewlani P, Tiwari D, Singh L, Balodi S, Bhatt ID. Food and Antioxidant Supplements with Therapeutic Properties of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycetes): A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:11-29. [PMID: 37824403 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Morchella esculenta, commonly known as yellow morels, is an edible and medicinal mushroom popular worldwide for its unique flavor and culinary purposes. The traditional medical system effectively uses morels against infertility, fatigue, cancer, muscular pain, cough, and cold. The M. esculenta possesses many health-promoting nutritional components such as mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, protein hydrolysates, vitamins, amino acids and minerals. The potential medicinal properties of morels is due to polysaccharides (galactomannan, chitin, β-glucans, and β-1,3-1,6-glucan) present that has high economic importance worldwide. Polysaccharides present possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant. However, the toxicity and clinical trials to prove its safety and efficacy for medicinal uses are yet to be evaluated. Moreover, the separation, purification, identification, and structural elucidation of active compounds responsible for the unique flavors and biological activities are still lacking in M. esculenta. The available information provides a new base for future perspectives. It highlights the need for further studies of this potent medicinal mushroom species as a source of beneficial therapeutic drugs and nutraceutical supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Kewlani
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepti Tiwari
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Laxman Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivani Balodi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
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Liu JP, Wang J, Zhou SX, Huang DC, Qi GH, Chen GT. Ginger polysaccharides enhance intestinal immunity by modulating gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1308-1319. [PMID: 36395935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the immunity-enhancing effect of ginger polysaccharides UGP1 and UGP2 on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice was evaluated. The results showed that ginger polysaccharide could effectively alleviate the symptoms of weight loss and dietary intake reduction induced by CTX, increase fecal water content, reduce fecal pH, and protect immune organs of immunosuppressed mice. In addition, ginger polysaccharides also stimulated the secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and immunoglobulin Ig-G in the serum of mice, increased the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1, and restored the level of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine to improve immune deficiency. Furthermore, ginger polysaccharides significantly reduced the relative abundance ratio of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in mice and increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. At the family level, ginger polysaccharides increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae, and decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that ginger polysaccharides could enhance intestinal immunity by modulating gut microbiota associated with immune function. These results indicated that ginger polysaccharides have the potential to be a functional food ingredients or a natural medicine for the treatment of intestinal barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si-Xuan Zhou
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - De-Chun Huang
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guo-Hong Qi
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Gui-Tang Chen
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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10
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Polysaccharide extracted from Morchella esculenta inhibits carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Investigation of Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica for their antibacterial potential against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:391. [PMID: 35699800 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming problem, especially due to emergence of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). World Health Organization (WHO) has already listed MRSA as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Presently, different therapeutic approaches against bacterial infections are in practice which includes targeting bacterial virulence factors, bacteriophage therapy, and manipulation of the microbiome. Natural products have been efficiently used for centuries to combat bacterial infections. Morchella is a natural fungal product which has been reported to possess broad-spectrum biological activities against bacterial infections. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two macro-fungi against S. aureus, MRSA, and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). The antibacterial potential of both fungal extracts (Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica) was evaluated using disk diffusion and standard broth microdilution methods. The chemical compounds of both fungi were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) analysis. All fungal extracts inhibited growth of tested bacteria with inhibitory zone ranging from 10.66 ± 0.3 to 21.00 ± 1.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested bacterial growth ranged from 03.33 to 16.0 mg/ml. It was noteworthy that Morchella extracts prevented S. aureus growth in a bactericidal manner with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8-16 mg/ml. The extracts were also more effective against MRSA than currently available antibiotics. In conclusion, the growth inhibition of tested bacteria by fungal extracts revealed their potential as antibacterial agents and their compounds may be used as drug candidates.
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Li F, Wang K, Dong X, Xu H. Structure, conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from
Morchella sextelata. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Xiaobo Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Edible Fungi Center Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Huaide Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
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13
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Structure Identification of Two Polysaccharides from Morchella sextelata with Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070982. [PMID: 35407069 PMCID: PMC8997402 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms of the Morchella genus exhibit a variety of biological activities. Two polysaccharides (MSP1-1, 389.0 kDa; MSP1-2, 23.4 kDa) were isolated from Morchella sextelata by subcritical water extraction and column chromatography fractionation. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis determined MSP1-1 as a glucan with a backbone of (1→4)-α-D-glucan branched at O-6, and MSP1-2 as a galactomannan with coextracted α-glucan. Light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed that MSP1-1 possessed a random coil chain and that MSP1-2 had a network chain. This is the first time that a network structure has been observed in a polysaccharide from M. sextelata. Despite the differences in their chemical structures and conformations, both MSP1-1 and MSP1-2 possessed good thermal stability and showed antioxidant activity. This study provides fundamental data on the structure-activity relationships of M. sextelata polysaccharides.
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Zhang NN, Ma H, Zhang ZF, Zhang WN, Chen L, Pan WJ, Wu QX, Lu YM, Chen Y. Characterization and immunomodulatory effect of an alkali-extracted galactomannan from Morchella esculenta. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118960. [PMID: 34973775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our continuous exploration for bioactive polysaccharides, a novel polysaccharide FMP-2 was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta by alkali-assisted extraction. FMP-2 had an average molecular weight of 1.09 × 106 Da and contained mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.10:0.22:1.00:5.75:0.44. The backbone of FMP-2 mainly consisted of 1,2-α-D-Galp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, and 1,4-α-D-Manp, with branches of 1,4,6-α-D-Manp and 1,2,6-α-D-Galp. FMP-2 can stimulate phagocytosis and promote the secretion of NO, ROS, and cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells ranging from 25 to 400 μg/mL. FMP-2 had great repairing effect on the immune injury of zebrafish induced by chloramphenicol. The phagocytosis ability of zebrafish macrophages and the proliferation of neutrophils can be greatly enhanced by polysaccharide FMP-2 with concentrations from 50 to 200 μg/mL. These findings suggest that FMP-2 might be used as a potential immunomodulator in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - He Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhong-Fei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qing-Xi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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15
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Gao Y, Zhang Q, Sun J, Liang Y, Zhang M, Zhao M, Zhang K, Dong C, Ma Q, Liu W, Li W, Chen Y, Han L, Jin F. Extracellular vesicles derived from PM2.5‐exposed alveolar epithelial cells mediate endothelial adhesion and atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22161. [PMID: 35061300 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100927rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Gao
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Department of Urology General Hospital of the Central Theater Command Wuhan China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Geriatrics 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force Kunming China
| | - Minlong Zhang
- Department of Respiration The 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Mingxuan Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Department of Orthopedics Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wangping Li
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Luyao Han
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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16
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Haq FU, Imran M, Saleem S, Waheed Y. Antibacterial activity of different extracts from ascomata of Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta against Salmonella species. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:85-95. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Lee H, Park C, Kwon DH, Hwangbo H, Kim SY, Kim MY, Ji SY, Kim DH, Jeong JW, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Choi YH. Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract attenuates particulate matter 2.5-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses by blocking the activation of the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:686-702. [PMID: 34858548 PMCID: PMC8601940 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.6.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill., has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases, and has proven its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract (SF) on inflammatory and oxidative stress in particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SF in PM2.5-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of SF, the expression of genes involved in the generation of inflammatory factors was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of SF against PM2.5 in the zebrafish model. RESULTS The results indicated that SF treatment significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced release of NO and PGE2, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. SF also attenuated the PM2.5-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, reducing their extracellular secretion. Moreover, SF suppressed the PM2.5-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from the cytosol into nuclei and the degradation of inhibitor IκB-α, indicating that SF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, SF abolished PM2.5-induced generation of ROS, similar to the pretreatment of a ROS scavenger, but not by an inhibitor of NF-κB activity. Furthermore, SF showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in PM2.5-treated zebrafish larvae. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against PM2.5 through ROS-dependent down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that SF can be a potential functional substance to prevent PM2.5-mediated inflammatory and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Da Hye Kwon
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
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18
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Structure, function and food applications of carboxymethylated polysaccharides: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Abdul Aziz M, Ullah Z, Adnan M, Sõukand R, Pieroni A. The Fading Wild Plant Food-Medicines in Upper Chitral, NW Pakistan. Foods 2021; 10:2494. [PMID: 34681546 PMCID: PMC8536072 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of food-medicines (foods ingested in order to obtain a therapeutic activity or to prevent diseases) is garnering increasing attention from both ethnobiologists and ethnopharmacologists as diet-related chronic diseases are one of the major problems resulting in a large proportion of deaths globally, which calls for interest from the scientific community to make sensible decisions in the field of food and medicine. In this regard, the current study is an important attempt at providing baseline data for developing healthy and curative food ingredients. This study aimed at recording the culinary and medicinal uses of wild food plants (WFPs) in the remote Mastuj Valley, located at the extreme north of Chitral District, Pakistan. An ethnobotanical survey was completed via 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews with local knowledge holders to record the food and medicinal uses of WFPs in the study area. A total of 43 WFPs were recorded, most of which were used as cooked vegetables and raw snacks. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part. A remarkable proportion (81%) of use reports for the recorded wild plant taxa were quoted as food-medicines or medicinal foods, while very few were reported as either food or medicines, without any relationship between uses in these two domains. Previous ethnomedicinal studies from nearby regions have shown that most of the recorded wild plants have been used as medicines, thus supporting the findings of the current study. A literature survey revealed that many of the reported medicinal uses (33%) for the quoted WFPs were not verifiable on PubMed as they have not been studied for their respective medicinal actions. We observed that most of the plants quoted here have disappeared from the traditional food and medicinal system, which may be attributed to the invasion of the food market and the prevalence of allopathic medicine. However, knowledge of these wild plants is still alive in memory, and women are the main holders of cultural knowledge as they use it to manage the cooking and processing of WFPs. Therefore, in this context, we strongly recommend the preservation of local biocultural heritage, promoted through future development and educational programs, which could represent a timely response to the loss of cultural and traditional knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Aziz
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju 19201, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil 4401, Iraq
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20
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Gong P, Cui D, Guo Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Huang Z, Yang W, Chen F, Chen X. A novel polysaccharide obtained from Siraitia grosvenorii alleviates inflammatory responses in a diabetic nephropathy mouse model via the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:9054-9065. [PMID: 34608922 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a novel Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide (SGP-1-1) were investigated in an inflammation-suppressed diabetic nephropathy (DN) mouse model, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress in SGP-1-1-treated mouse models were elucidated. The results demonstrated that DN mouse models treated with SGP-1-1 (50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 d-1) exhibited good inflammation-modulating activity. In addition, histopathological analysis showed that glomerular atrophy, severe glomerular thylakoid hyperplasia, tubular endothelial detachment, basement membrane exposure, cytoplasmic infiltration with inflammatory cells, and interstitial oedema were all alleviated in DN mice after treatment with SGP-1-1. Metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS revealed that a close relationship between the occurrence of DN and the potential 39 biomarkers, especially, leukotriene E3 and arachidonic acid,of which the main invloved metabolic pathways may beglycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis results demonstrated that SGP-1-1 downregulates mRNA and the protein expression of the G protein-coupled cell membrane receptor TLR4 and its downstream protein kinase (NF-κB p65). This, resulted in the inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway in the peritoneum of DN mice by regulating inflammation, while stimulating the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the production of cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Zihan Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
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21
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Recent Advances on Bioactive Ingredients of Morchella esculenta. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:4197-4213. [PMID: 34524632 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morchella esculenta (M. esculenta) is a delicious edible mushroom prized for its special flavor and strong health promoting abilities. Several bioactive ingredients including polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, proteins, and protein hydrolysates all contribute to the biological activities of M. esculenta. Different polysaccharides could be extracted and purified depending on the extraction methods and M. esculenta studied. Monosaccharide composition of M. esculenta polysaccharides (MEP) generally includes mannose, galactose, and glucose, etc. MEP possess multiple bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, hypoglycemic activity, atherosclerosis prevention and antitumor ability. Other components like polyphenols, protein hydrolysates, and several crude extracts are also reported with strong bioactivities. In terms of potential applications of M. esculenta and its metabolites as nutritional supplements and drug supplements, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the structural characteristics, biological activities, research progress, and research trends of the active ingredients produced by M. esculenta. Among the various biological activities, the substances extracted from both natural collected and submerged fermented M. esculenta are promising for antioxidants, immunomodulation, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory applications. However, further researches on the extraction conditions and chemical structure of bioactive compounds produced by M. esculenta still need investigations.
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22
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Wang D, Yin Z, Ma L, Han L, Chen Y, Pan W, Gong K, Gao Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Han J, Duan Y. Polysaccharide MCP extracted from Morchella esculenta reduces atherosclerosis in LDLR-deficient mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4842-4854. [PMID: 33950051 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03475d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical application of fungal polysaccharides has been extensively studied based on their multiple biological activities. However, the effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides on the development of atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of a novel polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from Morchella esculenta. The average molecular weight of MCP is 1.69 × 105 Da, and it is composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1 : 1.9 : 0.51. LDLR-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) and administered intragastrically (i.g.) with saline or MCP dissolved in saline for 15 weeks. We found that MCP inhibited en face and sinus lesions. Moreover, serum levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased by MCP. The HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation was also attenuated by MCP. The underlying molecular mechanisms of anti-atherogenic and lipogenic effects of MCP might be attributed to reduced cholesterol synthesis by activating AMPKα signaling pathway and inhibiting SREBP2 expression. In addition, MCP-decreased serum triglyceride level is related to inhibiting LXRα expression. Taken together, these results indicate that MCP markedly alleviates atherosclerosis and M. esculenta can be used as a functional food additive to benefit patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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23
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P. Classification, structure and mechanism of antiviral polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal fungus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1753-1773. [PMID: 34048833 PMCID: PMC8144117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of chemical-synthesized antiviral drugs when applied in clinical therapy, such as drug resistance, and the lack of effective antiviral drugs to treat some newly emerging virus infections, such as COVID-19, promote the demand of novelty and safety anti-virus drug candidate from natural functional ingredient. Numerous studies have shown that some polysaccharides sourcing from edible and medicinal fungus (EMFs) exert direct or indirect anti-viral capacities. However, the internal connection of fungus type, polysaccharides structural characteristics, action mechanism was still unclear. Herein, our review focus on the two aspects, on the one hand, we discussed the type of anti-viral EMFs and the structural characteristics of polysaccharides to clarify the structure-activity relationship, on the other hand, the directly or indirectly antiviral mechanism of EMFs polysaccharides, including virus function suppression, immune-modulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of population balance of gut microbiota have been concluded to provide a comprehensive theory basis for better clinical utilization of EMFs polysaccharides as anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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24
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Chen C, Fu R, Wang J, Li X, Chen X, Li Q, Lu D. Genome sequence and transcriptome profiles of pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces penicillatus reveal its interactions with edible fungus Morchella importuna. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2607-2617. [PMID: 34025947 PMCID: PMC8120865 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces penicillatus is one of the pathogens of morels, which greatly affects the yield and quality of Morchella spp.. In the present study, we de novo assembled the genome sequence of the fungus P. penicillatus SAAS_ppe1. We analyzed the transcriptional profile of P. penicillatus SAAS_ppe1 infection of Morchella importuna at different stages (3 days and 6 days after infection) and the response of M. importuna using the transcriptome. The assembled genome sequence of P. penicillatus SAAS_ppe1 was 39.78 Mb in length (11 scaffolds; scaffold N50, 6.50 Mb), in which 99.7% of the expected genes were detected. A total of 7.48% and 19.83% clean transcriptional reads from the infected sites were mapped to the P. penicillatus genome at the early and late stages of infection, respectively. There were 3,943 genes differently expressed in P. penicillatus at different stages of infection, of which 24 genes had increased expression with the infection and infection stage, including diphthamide biosynthesis, aldehyde reductase, and NAD (P)H-hydrate epimerase (P < 0.05). Several genes had variable expression trends at different stages of infection, indicating P. penicillatus had diverse regulation patterns to infect M. importuna. GO function, involving cellular components, and KEGG pathways, involving glycerolipid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction were significantly enriched during infection by P. penicillatus. The expression of ten genes in M. importuna increased during the infection and infection stage, and these may regulate the response of M. importuna to P. penicillatus infection. This is the first comprehensive study on P. penicillatus infection mechanism and M. importuna response mechanism, which will lay a foundation for understanding the fungus-fungus interactions, gene functions, and variety breeding of pathogenic and edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rongtao Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
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25
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Li M, Wei X, Li Y, Feng T, Jiang L, Zhu H, Yu X, Tang J, Chen G, Zhang J, Zhang X. PM2.5 in poultry houses synergizes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aggravate lung inflammation in mice through the NF-κB pathway. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e46. [PMID: 32476320 PMCID: PMC7263920 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jinxiu Tang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264000, China.
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26
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Xue Z, Li A, Zhang X, Yu W, Wang J, Li Y, Chen K, Wang Z, Kou X. Amelioration of PM 2.5-induced lung toxicity in rats by nutritional supplementation with biochanin A. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110878. [PMID: 32585486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is closely associated with human health issues, especially pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. In this study, particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbeam energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A rat model of PM2.5 exposure was established by nonsurgical intratracheal instillation, and the effects of biochanin A (BCA) treatment were examined. BCA showed a protective effect; it reduced PM2.5-induced apoptosis and the production of proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), as measured using ELISA. These effects were accompanied by increases in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). Furthermore, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based analytical techniques and bioinformatics tools were used to identify putative biomarkers, including XRCC1, MP2K5, IGJ, and F1LQ12, and the results were verified by Western blot analysis. In conclusion, our findings have scientific significance for the application of flavonoids in preventive and therapeutic strategies for PM2.5-associated pulmonary diseases and for the promotion of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xueya Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medical Plant Lab, Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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27
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Han X, Bai B, Zhou Q, Niu J, Yuan J, Zhang H, Jia J, Zhao W, Chen H. Dietary supplementation with polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Pozao intervenes in immune response via regulating peripheral immunity and intestinal barrier function in cyclophosphamide-induced mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:5992-6006. [PMID: 32697211 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Pozao has been consumed as a traditional fruit with regional characteristics in China for a long time; however, fewer studies on polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Pozao (JP) have been documented. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of JP on cyclophosphamide-induced ICR mice for 28 days. The results showed that oral administration of JP could significantly improve the lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen and decrease the proportion of CD3+ and CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in cyclophosphamide-induced mice in a dose-dependent manner. JP treatment also increased the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in serum and the intestine, and the improvement effects were proportional to the dose of JP. Similarly, JP significantly increased the levels of IgA and SIgA, as well as the expressions of Claudin-1 and Occludin in the intestine. Particularly, the expressions of Claudin-1 and Occludin were the best in the M-JP group. Furthermore, JP positively regulated the gut microbiota as indicated by the enriched microbiota diversity. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased by JP, while that of Bacteroidetes was increased by JP treatment. More importantly, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was significantly increased. And a high dose of JP is the most effective. At the genus level, the abundances of the Bacteroidales-S24-7-group, Lachnospiraceae, Alloprevotella, Alistipes and Bacteroides were increased by JP treatment. These results provided evidence for the regulating effect of JP on the peripheral immunity and intestinal barrier function in cyclophosphamide-induced hypoimmune mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Nutritional and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China.
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28
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Cong Z, Li D, Tao Y, Lv X, Zhu X. α 2A -AR antagonism by BRL-44408 maleate attenuates acute lung injury in rats with downregulation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p65 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6905-6914. [PMID: 32003020 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by acute hypoxic respiratory dysfunction or failure, is a manifestation of multiple organ failure in the lung, and the most common risk factor is sepsis. We previously showed that blocking α2 -adrenoceptor (α2 -AR) could attenuate lung injury induced by endotoxin in rats. α2A -adrenoceptor (α2A -AR), a subtype of α2 -AR plays a key role in inflammatory diseases, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we explored the effect of BRL-44408 maleate (BRL), a specific α2A -AR antagonist, on cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced ARDS in rats and the underlying mechanism. Preadministration of BRL-44408 maleate significantly alleviated CLP-induced histological injury, macrophage infiltration, inflammatory response, and wet/dry ratio in lung tissue. However, there was no statistical difference in survival rate between the CLP and CLP+BRL groups. Extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), p38MAPK, and p65 were activated in the CLP group, and BRL-44408 maleate inhibited the activation of these signal molecules, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and protein kinase A (PKA) showed no changes in activation between these two groups. BRL-44408 maleate decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of cytokines in NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages and reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p65. JNK and PKA were not influenced by LPS. Together, these findings suggest that antagonism of α2A -AR improves CLP-induced acute lung injury and involves the downregulation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p65 pathway independent of the activation of JNK and PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhukai Cong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangpeng Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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29
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Morchella esculenta against Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury in the C57BL/6 Mouse Related to Nrf-2 and NF- κB Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6029876. [PMID: 31396303 PMCID: PMC6664553 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6029876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Morchella esculenta fruit body (ME) and the underlying mechanisms in mice with alcohol-induced acute liver injury. Systematic analysis revealed that ME contained 21 types of fatty acid, 17 types of amino acid, and 12 types of mineral. Subsequently, a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury was established by oral administration of alcohol for 14 days. Fourteen-day administration of ME prevented alcohol-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and reduced the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in blood serum and liver tissue. ME appears to regulate lipid metabolism by suppressing triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein in the liver. ME inhibited the production of inflammatory factors including chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL 40), interleukin-7 (IL-7), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in blood serum and/or liver tissue. ME treatment relieved the alcohol-induced imbalance in prooxidative and antioxidative signaling via nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), as indicated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase-1, superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and heme oxygenase-2 expression and downregulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) in the liver. Moreover, ME reduced the levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α/β, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the liver. The hepatoprotective effects of ME against alcohol-induced acute liver injury were thus confirmed. The mechanism of action may be related to modulation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, partially via regulation of Nrf-2 and NF-κB signaling.
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30
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Zheng Y, Fan J, Chen HW, Liu EQ. Trametes orientalis polysaccharide alleviates PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Funct 2019; 10:8005-8015. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trametes orientalis polysaccharide (TOP-2) could alleviate PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
| | - Hong-wei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
| | - En-qi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe
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