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Japri NF, Majid ZA, Ghoshal SK, Danial WH, See HH, Othman MZ. On the versatility of graphene-cellulose composites: An overview and bibliometric assessment. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:121969. [PMID: 38710542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Practical benefits of graphene-cellulose composites (GCC) are categorical. Diverse salient features like thermal and electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and durability make GCC advantageous for widespread applications. Despite extensive studies the basic understanding of various fundamental aspects of this novel complex remains deficient. Based on this fact, a critical overview and bibliometric analysis involving the overall prospects of GCC was made wherein a total of 1245 research articles from the Scopus database published during the year 2002 to 2020 were used. For the bibliometric assessment, various criteria including the publication outputs, co-authorships, affiliated countries, and co-occurrences of the authors' keywords were explored. Environmental amiability, sustainability, economy, and energy efficiency of GCC were emphasized. In addition, the recent trends, upcoming challenges, and applied interests of GCC were highlighted. The findings revealed that the studies on GCC related to the energy storage, adsorption, sensing, and printing are ever-increasing, indicating the global research drifts on GCC. The bibliometric map analysis displayed that among the researchers from 61 countries/territories, China alone contributed about 50 % of the international publications. It is asserted that the current article may offer taxonomy to navigate into the field of GCC wherein stronger collaboration networks can be established worldwide through integrated research activities desirable for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Faraliana Japri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Zaiton Abdul Majid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - S K Ghoshal
- Physics Department & Laser Center, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Hazman Danial
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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2
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Zhang Y, Ye Q, Liu B, Feng Z, Zhang X, Luo M, Yang L. Fermenting Distiller's Grains by the Domesticated Microbial Consortium To Release Ferulic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72. [PMID: 38598779 PMCID: PMC11046480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The microbial consortium FA12 that can release ferulic acid (FA) by fermenting distiller's grains was screened from Daqu. Taibaiella, Comamonadaceae, and Ochrobacum were highly abundant in FA12 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the process of long-term acclimation with distiller's grains as a medium, the biomass of FA12 remained stable, and the pH value of fermentation liquid was also relatively stable. Meanwhile, the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and feruloyl esterase secreted by FA12 were stable in the ranges of 0.2350-0.4470, 0.1917-0.3078, and 0.1103-0.1595 U/mL, respectively, and the release of FA could reach 133.77 μg/g. It is proven that the microbial consortium has good genetic stability. In addition, the structural changes of lignocellulose in distiller's grains before and after fermentation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the changes of distiller's grains weight and lignocellulose content before and after fermentation were also detected. These results all confirmed that FA12 had the function of degrading distiller's grains. In this study, we explored a method to use microbial communities to release FA from distiller's grains and degrade lignocellulose in the waste, which opened up a new way for the application of the high value of lost waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Mingyou Luo
- Xufu
Distillery Co. Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
- Liquor
Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Sichuan University of Science
& Engineering, Yibin 643000, China
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3
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Begum F, Chutia H, Bora M, Deb P, Mahanta CL. Characterization of coconut milk waste nanocellulose based curcumin-enriched Pickering nanoemulsion and its application in a blended beverage of defatted coconut milk and pineapple juice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129305. [PMID: 38262827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a blended beverage enriched with curcumin. The curcumin was incorporated within a Pickering nanoemulsion that was stabilized with nanocellulose. The nanocellulose was synthesized from coconut milk waste residue using 38 %-42 % sulfuric acid (AC) and 5 and 10 min ultrasound (UL) separately and in combination (ACU). While combined treatment showed an increase in particle size with ultrasonication time, PDI was observed to decrease. ACU with 10 min ultrasonication was further used at 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.3 % for stabilization of curcumin enriched Pickering nanoemulsion. The curcumin in Pickering nanoemulsion fabricated with 0.1 % of nanocellulose with an average particle size and PDI value of 259.6 nm and 0.284, respectively was found to be the most stable as compared to other Pickering nanoemulsions at different pH levels and temperatures. RP-HPLC analysis revealed that with 0.1 % of nanocellulose, the Pickering nanoemulsion was most stable at 2 pH and 63 °C temperatures. The in vitro release of curcumin from Pickering nanoemulsion added to a blended beverage in intestinal phase was 51.58 %, which was higher than the stomach phase (38.19 %). The outcomes clearly showed Pickering nanoemulsion to be a promising carrier for curcumin encapsulation in beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fogila Begum
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, 784028, India
| | - Hemanta Chutia
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, 784028, India
| | - Mayuri Bora
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, 784028, India.
| | - Pritam Deb
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, 784028, India.
| | - Charu Lata Mahanta
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, 784028, India.
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Rodriguez-Quiroz ES, Olivares-Xometl O, Santacruz-Vázquez V, Santacruz-Vázquez C, Arellanes-Lozada P, Rubio-Rosas E. Production of Cellulosic Microfibers from Coffee Pulp via Alkaline Treatment, Bleaching and Acid Hydrolysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7607. [PMID: 38138748 PMCID: PMC10744440 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the production of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) from coffee pulp. The experimental development corresponds to an experimental design of three variables (concentration, temperature and time) of alkaline treatment for delignification, finding that concentration, temperature and time were the most representative variables. Higher delignification was achieved by bleaching cellulosic fibers, followed by acid hydrolysis, thus producing cellulosic fibers with an average diameter of 5.2 µm, which was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed, via the crystallinity index, the presence of Type I cellulose and removal of lignocellulosic compounds through chemical treatments. The proximate chemical analysis (PChA) of coffee pulp helped to identify 17% of the crude fiber corresponding to the plant cell wall consisting of lignocellulosic compounds. The initial cellulose content of 26.06% increased gradually to 48.74% with the alkaline treatment, to 57.5% with bleaching, and to 64.7% with acid hydrolysis. These results attested to the rich cellulosic content in the coffee pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliud S. Rodriguez-Quiroz
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (E.S.R.-Q.); (O.O.-X.); (V.S.-V.)
| | - Octavio Olivares-Xometl
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (E.S.R.-Q.); (O.O.-X.); (V.S.-V.)
| | - Verónica Santacruz-Vázquez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (E.S.R.-Q.); (O.O.-X.); (V.S.-V.)
| | - Claudia Santacruz-Vázquez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (E.S.R.-Q.); (O.O.-X.); (V.S.-V.)
| | - Paulina Arellanes-Lozada
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (E.S.R.-Q.); (O.O.-X.); (V.S.-V.)
| | - Efraín Rubio-Rosas
- Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prol. 24 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
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Chen Z, Chen L, Khoo KS, Gupta VK, Sharma M, Show PL, Yap PS. Exploitation of lignocellulosic-based biomass biorefinery: A critical review of renewable bioresource, sustainability and economic views. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108265. [PMID: 37783293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has driven the demand for fossil fuels, however, the overly exploited resource has caused severe damage on environmental pollution. Biorefining using abundant lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging strategy to replace traditional fossil fuels. Value-added lignin biomass reduces the waste pollution in the environment and provides a green path of conversion to obtain renewable resources. The technology is designed to produce biofuels, biomaterials and value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In the biorefinery process, the pretreatment step is required to reduce the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose biomass and improve the enzymatic digestion. There is still a gap in the full and deep understanding of the biorefinery process including the pretreatment process, thus it is necessary to provide optimized and adapted biorefinery solutions to cope with the conversion process in different biorefineries to further provide efficiency in industrial applications. Current research progress on value-added applications of lignocellulosic biomass still stagnates at the biofuel phase, and there is a lack of comprehensive discussion of emerging potential applications. This review article explores the advantages, disadvantages and properties of pretreatment methods including physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological pretreatment methods. Value-added bioproducts produced from lignocellulosic biomass were comprehensively evaluated in terms of encompassing biochemical products , cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, potent functional materials from cellulose and lignin, waste management alternatives, multifunctional carbon materials and eco-friendly products. This review article critically identifies research-related to sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass to promote the development of green chemistry and to facilitate the refinement of high-value, environmentally-friendly materials. In addition, to align commercialized practice of lignocellulosic biomass application towards the 21st century, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of lignocellulosic biomass biorefining and the utilization of biorefinery green technologies is further analyzed as being considered sustainable, including having potential benefits in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts. This facilitates sustainability options for biorefinery processes by providing policy makers with intuitive evaluation and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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6
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Mirzaee N, Nikzad M, Battisti R, Araghi A. Isolation of cellulose nanofibers from rapeseed straw via chlorine-free purification method and its application as reinforcing agent in carboxymethyl cellulose-based films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126405. [PMID: 37597636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully isolated from rapeseed straw (RS) whose valorization has been rarely investigated to date. A combined bleaching method without chlorine was applied for the purification of cellulose fibers, previously unexplored for RS. Chemical composition analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the purification method eliminated hemicellulose and reduced lignin content from 24.4 % to 1.8 %. The isolation of CNFs was performed using sulfuric acid hydrolysis under different acid concentrations (55 and 60 % v/v) and hydrolysis times (15, 30, and 45 min). The isolated CNFs were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of CNFs was confirmed by a significant increase in crystallinity index from 46.45 % of RS to >79.41 % of CNFs, depending on acid concentration and isolation duration. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films with different contents of CNFs were prepared by casting method. The mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the prepared films were investigated. The CNFs obtained from RS via a chlorine-free purification method showed promising results for their usage as reinforcement in CMC matrix and film fabrication for various applications such as transdermal medicine and food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mirzaee
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikzad
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
| | - Rodrigo Battisti
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, Criciúma Campus, 88813-600, Brazil
| | - Atefeh Araghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Biswal AK, Panda L, Chakraborty S, Pradhan SK, Dash MR, Misra PK. Production of a nascent cellulosic material from vegetable waste: Synthesis, characterization, functional properties, and its potency for a cationic dye removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124959. [PMID: 37247704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the production of cellulose nanocrystals, CNC30 and CNC60, developed using vegetable waste, i.e., bottle gourd peel through sulfuric acid hydrolysis with a 30 and 60 min hydrolysis process coupled with ultrasonication. The FTIR confirmed the absence of hemicellulose and lignin, and XRD confirmed the crystallinity of the cellulose nanocrystals. DLS studies indicated the hydrodynamic diameter of CNC30 and CNC60 to be 195.5 nm and 192.2 nm, respectively. The TEM image and SAED pattern established the shape of CNC60 to be spherical, with an average particle size of 38.32 nm. CNC60 possessed lesser negative potential and higher thermal stability than CNC30, possibly due to the demolition of the crystalline regions containing sulfate groups. The functional properties, such as swelling power, water, and oil holding capacities of CNC60, were superior to that of CNC30. The adsorption batch parameters yielded 95.68 % methylene dye removal by CNC60 against the predicted value of 96.16 % by the RSM-PSO hybrid approach. The analyses of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters revealed the nature of the adsorbed layer and adsorption mechanism. Overall observations recommend that CNC60 could be a good and potent functional agent in paper technology, food technology, water treatment, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyuta Kumar Biswal
- Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar 768 019, Odisha, India
| | - Laxmipriya Panda
- Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar 768 019, Odisha, India
| | - Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda 732141, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Pradhan
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar 768 019, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Dash
- Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pramila Kumari Misra
- Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar 768 019, Odisha, India.
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Liu A, Wu H, Naeem A, Du Q, Ni B, Liu H, Li Z, Ming L. Cellulose nanocrystalline from biomass wastes: An overview of extraction, functionalization and applications in drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124557. [PMID: 37094644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have been extensively used in various fields due to their renewability, excellent biocompatibility, large specific surface area, and high tensile strength. Most biomass wastes contain significant amounts of cellulose, which forms the basis of CNC. Biomass wastes are generally made up of agricultural waste, and forest residues, etc. CNC can be produced from biomass wastes by removing the non-cellulosic components through acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidation hydrolysis, and other mechanical methods. However, biomass wastes are generally disposed of or burned in a random manner, resulting in adverse environmental consequences. Hence, using biomass wastes to develop CNC-based carrier materials is an effective strategy to promote the high value-added application of biomass wastes. This review summarizes the advantages of CNC applications, the extraction process, and recent advances in CNC-based composites, such as aerogels, hydrogels, films, and metal complexes. Furthermore, the drug release characteristics of CNC-based material are discussed in detail. Additionally, we discuss some gaps in our understanding of the current state of knowledge and potential future directions of CNC-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hailian Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qing Du
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Bin Ni
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Liangshan Ming
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Differentiation and Department of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
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DOS SANTOS GS, PERPÉTUO AA, DİAS SOUZA MV. Susceptibility of bacterial species isolated from mares to ozonated sunflower oil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2023. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1167867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunflower oil is known for its therapeutic properties and culinary use. It is an important alimentary source of tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acids, and is used especially for wound healing. Studies on its antimicrobial potential, however, are lacking. The ozonation of oils of vegetable sources has been explored to enhance their therapeutic properties; however, studies that provide evidence of such benefits are still lacking. In the field of veterinary medicine, such data are even more scarce. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of ozonated sunflower oil was compared to that of non-ozonated oil, in an in vitro system, against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, isolated from intrauterine lavages of mares with endometritis. Tests were conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The ozonated oil was effective against S. aureus, whereas it was not against E. coli isolates. Our data open doors for discussion on the use of sunflower oil, with or without ozone treatment, for therapeutic purposes in veterinary medicine.
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Jiang H, Wu S, Zhou J. Preparation and modification of nanocellulose and its application to heavy metal adsorption: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123916. [PMID: 36898461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are a notable pollutant in aquatic ecosystems that results in many deadly diseases of the human body after enrichment through the food chain. As an environmentally friendly renewable resource, nanocellulose can be competitive with other materials at removing heavy metal ions due to its large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, biocompatibility and low cost. In this review, the research status of modified nanocellulose for heavy metal adsorbents is primarily reviewed. Two primary forms of nanocellulose are cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The preparation process of nanocellulose was derived from natural plants, and the preparation process included noncellulosic constituent removal and extraction of nanocellulose. Focusing on heavy metal adsorption, the modification of nanocellulose was explored in depth, including direct modification methods, surface grafting modification methods based on free radical polymerization and physical activation. The adsorption principles of nanocellulose-based adsorbents when removing heavy metals are analyzed in detail. This review may further facilitate the application of the modified nanocellulose in the field of heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, PR China.
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11
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Petraru A, Amariei S. Sunflower Oilcake as a Potential Source for the Development of Edible Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:789. [PMID: 36005704 PMCID: PMC9412850 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower oilcake flour (SFOC) resulting from the cold extraction of oil is a rich source of valuable bio-components that stimulated the development of novel, biodegradable and edible films. The films were prepared by incorporating different concentration of sunflower oilcakes (0.1-0.5 g). The obtained films were characterized in terms of physical, water-affinity, antimicrobial and morphological properties. The edible-film properties were affected significantly by the presence and the level of SFOC added. The water vapor permeability and water vapor transmission rate improved with the amount of SFOC added. However, the solubility, oxygen and grease barrier were slightly lower than control film. SEM analysis revealed a rougher but continuous structure with the increases in sunflower oilcake. Moreover, the films with different SFOC levels were opaque, thus presenting good protection against UV radiation. Overall, the SFOC can be use as raw material to produce edible films with suitable properties and microbiological stability for food-packaging applications.
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12
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Zhang C, Wu J, Qiu X, Zhang J, Chang H, He H, Zhao L, Liu X. Enteromorpha cellulose micro-nanofibrils/poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite films with excellent hydrophilic, mechanical properties and improved thermal stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:229-242. [PMID: 35788004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation of cellulose micro-nanofibrils (CMNFs) from Enteromorpha (EP) and the application in PVA/acetylated distarch phosphate (ADSP)/CMNFs composite films. The Micro-nano scale, hydrophilicity, and strong hydrogen bond characteristics of CMNFs prepared form EP by acid hydrolysis were confirmed through the granular statistics, XRD analysis and chemical structure analysis. With the addition of CMNFs, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break of composite films are increased by 42.4 % and 90.3 %. An original Weibull statistical analysis shows the impact of CMNFs' added amount on strength distribution and ultimate stress. SEM and polarizing microscope images show the CMNFs' dispersion state in that films is optimal, when their addition was to be 2 %-3 % of total dry weight of PVA/ADSP matrix, which is consistent with the results of Weibull modulus analysis. The main thermal weight-loss process of the composite film is divided into four stages, CMNFs can significantly increase the thermostability at 280 °C to 400 °C. The experiment of water contact angle and water vapor transmission rate of the composite films confirmed that CMNFs can improve films' hydrophilicity. This study provides basis for the preparation of hydrophilic CMNFs and mechanism of modification study PVA-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Xu Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Huiqi Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Haifeng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
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Han Z, Zhu H, Cheng JH. Structure modification and property improvement of plant cellulose: Based on emerging and sustainable nonthermal processing technologies. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111300. [PMID: 35651060 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose has attracted high attention due to its advantages of abundant resources, renewable and biodegradable. Modification of natural plant cellulose has become a hot topic worldwide. Conventional chemical modification methods commonly cause great damage to the environment. The current review presents the effects of innovative, eco-friendly and sustainable nonthermal processing technologies on cellulose structure and properties. Typical techniques include high pressure processing, cold plasma, ultrasonic and irradiation treatment. Their superiorities in the modification of cellulose are highlighted, and the advantages and limitations of nonthermal processing technologies for plant cellulose modification are also discussed. Nonthermal processing technologies can improve cellulose functional properties by playing an important role in the chemical bonds of the molecular chains, crystalline regions or amorphous parts through energy or active particles generated in the process, or promoting the crosslinking and graft copolymerization of cellulose molecules. The development of modified cellulose functional materials will have wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuorui Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Exploring the adsorption efficiency of a novel cellulosic material for removal of food dye from water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Perumal AB, Nambiar RB, Sellamuthu PS, Sadiku ER, Li X, He Y. Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from areca waste and its application in eco-friendly biocomposite film. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132084. [PMID: 34500331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Areca nut husk fibers are easily available and they are abundant agricultural waste, whose utilization to high value products needs more attention. The present study aims at the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from areca nut husk fibers and the evaluation of its reinforcement capacity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) film. The CNC showed rod-like structures, which were confirmed by TEM and AFM analysis. The diameter of the isolated CNC was 19 ± 3.3 nm; the length was about 195 ± 24 nm with an aspect ratio of 10.2 ± 6.8. The zeta potential of CNC was -15.3 ± 1.2 mV. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed that the non-cellulosic compounds were effectively eliminated, and the X-ray diffraction results showed that CNC had higher crystallinity than the raw, alkali, and the bleached fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed good thermal stability for the CNC. Moreover, the effects of the incorporation of CNC on the optical and tensile behaviours of the bionanocomposite film were investigated. The bionanocomposite film retained the same transparency as the PVA/CS film, indicating that the CNC was disseminated evenly in the film. The incorporation of CNC (3 wt%) to the PVA/CS film enhanced the tensile strength of the bionanocomposite film (9.46 ± 1.6 MPa) when compared to the control films (7.81 ± 1.4 MPa). Furthermore, the prepared nanobiocomposite film exhibited good antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and postharvest pathogenic fungi. These findings suggest that the bionanocomposite film might be suitable for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Babu Perumal
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Postharvest Research Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Reshma B Nambiar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Postharvest Research Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India; College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Periyar Selvam Sellamuthu
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Postharvest Research Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
- Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER) and Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria, 0183, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Siva Sankari M, Vivekanandhan S, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Oil Cakes as Sustainable Agro‐Industrial Feedstock for Biocarbon Materials. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Siva Sankari
- V. H. N. S. N. College (Autonomous) Virudhunagar Sustainable Materials and Nanotechnology Lab (SMNL), Department of Physics 626 001 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Vivekanandhan
- V. H. N. S. N. College (Autonomous) Virudhunagar Sustainable Materials and Nanotechnology Lab (SMNL), Department of Physics 626 001 Tamil Nadu India
| | - M. Misra
- University of Guelph, Crop Science Building Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture 117 Reynolds Walk N1G 1Y4 Guelph Ontario Canada
- University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building School of Engineering 80 South Ring Road E N1G 1Y4 Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - A. K. Mohanty
- University of Guelph, Crop Science Building Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture 117 Reynolds Walk N1G 1Y4 Guelph Ontario Canada
- University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building School of Engineering 80 South Ring Road E N1G 1Y4 Guelph, Ontario Canada
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17
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Picot-Allain MCN, Emmambux MN. Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Nanocellulose from Agro-industrial By-products: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Bahloul A, Kassab Z, El Bouchti M, Hannache H, Qaiss AEK, Oumam M, El Achaby M. Micro- and nano-structures of cellulose from eggplant plant (Solanum melongena L) agricultural residue. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253:117311. [PMID: 33278959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, agriculture sector produces enormous quantity of residues, creating severe environmental problems. These agricultural residues are rich in lignocellulosic fibers, making them sustainable sources to produce high added-value materials. This investigation aims to transform the eggplant plant residue (EPR) into purified cellulose microfibers (CMF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). CMF with a yield of 54 %, diameter of 13.6 μm and crystallinity of 71 % were successfully obtained from raw EPR using alkali and bleaching treatments. By subjecting CMF to phosphoric and sulfuric acid hydrolysis, phosphorylated (P-CNC) and sulfated (S-CNC) were produced. P-CNC and S-CNC exhibited an aspect ratio of 89.4 and 74.2, zeta potential value of - 39.4 and - 28.7 mV, surface charge density of 116.7 and 218.2 mmol/kg cellulose and a crystallinity of 73 % and 80 %, respectively. Herein, the obtained cellulosic structures with excellent properties could be used in various applications, such as bio-derived fillers for polymer composites development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Bahloul
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P.7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Zineb Kassab
- Materials Science and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Mehdi El Bouchti
- Laboratory REMTEX, Hight School of Textile and Clothing Industries, km 8, Route d'El Jadida, B.P. 7731, Oulfa, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Hannache
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P.7955, Casablanca, Morocco; Materials Science and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Abou El Kacem Qaiss
- Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mina Oumam
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P.7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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Kassab Z, Abdellaoui Y, Salim MH, Bouhfid R, Qaiss AEK, El Achaby M. Micro- and nano-celluloses derived from hemp stalks and their effect as polymer reinforcing materials. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Wang N, Wang C, Chen H, Bai L, Wang W, Yang H, Wei D, Yang L. Facile fabrication of a controlled polymer brush-type functional nanoprobe for highly sensitive determination of alpha fetoprotein. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4438-4446. [PMID: 32856029 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As robust functional polymers, polymer brush-based hybrid nanomaterials have potential application in the highly sensitive determination of tumor markers (TMs). Currently, there are plentiful reports on the polymerization methods of functional polymer brushes. Low ppm ATRP (activators (re)generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (A(R)GET ATRP), initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) and electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP)) is a facile and robust methodology with the advantages of simplicity, eco-friendliness and wide applicability to prepare well-defined polymeric materials. In this work, a controlled polymer brush-type functional nanoprobe is successfully fabricated by functional AGET ATRP and used as a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for precise detection of TMs (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP). Using graphene oxide (GO) as an excellent conductive matrix, a GO-based poly-heterozygosis pyridine nanomaterial (GO@PHPY) is obtained by surface-initiated AGET ATRP and photocatalytic modification. The nanoprobe is assembled using GO@PHPY and a detection antibody (Ab2) to detect AFP, in which Cu(ii) serves as a signal label to coordinate with the pyridyl group. Under optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor exhibits a good detection effect on AFP, with a detection range of 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.08 pg mL-1. It is worth noting that the detection platform can be applied to the detection of real human serum samples. Thus, it is a desirable platform for AFP detection in clinical diagnosis and practical applications. Meanwhile, this work proves that designing and constructing functional polymer brushes is one of the most effective methods for developing new materials for analytical scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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21
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Characteristics of sulfated and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals extracted from Juncus plant stems. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1419-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Sumesh KR, Kanthavel K, Kavimani V. Peanut oil cake-derived cellulose fiber: Extraction, application of mechanical and thermal properties in pineapple/flax natural fiber composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:775-785. [PMID: 32061697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work peanut oil cake extracted Cellulose Micro Filler (CMF) is used for the advancement of mechanical and thermal properties in natural fiber composites. This fiber powder was used in enhancing the applications of Pineapple (P)/Flax (F) natural fiber epoxy composites. The X Ray Diffraction (XRD) results of CMF showed improved Crystalline Index (Crl) of 70.25° and crystalline size of 5.5 nm. FTIR results confirmed the rich cellulose content in functional groups of filler with peaks at 1058 cm-1, 1162 cm-1, 1370 cm-1 and 1428 cm-1. Mechanical results showed a positive impact with incorporation of CMF in PF hybrid fiber composites. Thermal stability results showed enhancement in the degradation temperature, residual %, endothermic peak and enthalpy by the incorporation of CMF. In the 30% PF combinations degradation temperature T50, T70, T70 enhanced from 387.73-391.08°, 434.81-454.81° and 468.91-553.36° by the filler substitution. Similarly residual % increased from 17.69-24.35%. The combination with 35% PF showed enhancement in degradation temperature, residual percentage, endothermic peak and enthalpy with filler addition up to 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Sumesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - K Kanthavel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - V Kavimani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamilnadu, India.
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