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Essifi K, Brahmi M, Boussetta A, Charii H, Ait Benhamou A, El Bachiri A, Salhi S, Brahmi R, Moubarik A, Tahani A. Synergistic enhancement of chlorophenols removal using eco-friendly alginate@montmorillonite hybrid bio-capsules: insights from encapsulation and kinetic release studies. J Microencapsul 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39185665 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2395968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic effects of alginate@montmorillonite (Alg@Mt) hybrid microcapsules for enhancing water purification, focusing on improving the encapsulation of hydrophobic contaminants. Alg@Mt microcapsules were prepared through ionotropic gelation. Characterisation was performed using SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and release behaviour were also examined. Alg@Mt microcapsules effectively removed phenol and its chlorinated derivatives from water. Incorporating Na-Mt improved structural and thermal properties, EE, and LC. Increasing the clay content to 60% (w/w) raised the EE of phenol and its more hydrophobic derivative, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, from 39.74 ± 3.1% (w/w) and 63.91 ± 2% (w/w) to 60.56 ± 1.6% (w/w) and 82.28 ± 2.3% (w/w), respectively, with more controlled release rates, following Fickian diffusion mechanism. EE increased with phenolic substances hydrophobicity, while LC and release rates were inversely related. This approach is promising for removing hydrophobic contaminants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Essifi
- Coordination and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Brahmi
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Boussetta
- Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Hassan Charii
- Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Anass Ait Benhamou
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Ali El Bachiri
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Samira Salhi
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rachid Brahmi
- Coordination and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Amine Moubarik
- Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abdesselam Tahani
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
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Chalella Mazzocato M, Jacquier JC. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Food-Grade Immobilisation Systems for Enzymes. Foods 2024; 13:2127. [PMID: 38998633 PMCID: PMC11241248 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of enzyme immobilisation is becoming increasingly popular in beverage processing, as this method offers significant advantages, such as enhanced enzyme performance and expanded applications, while allowing for easy process termination via simple filtration. This literature review analysed approximately 120 articles, published on the Web of Science between 2000 and 2023, focused on enzyme immobilisation systems for beverage processing applications. The impact of immobilisation on enzymatic activity, including the effects on the chemical and kinetic properties, recyclability, and feasibility in continuous processes, was evaluated. Applications of these systems to beverage production, such as wine, beer, fruit juices, milk, and plant-based beverages, were examined. The immobilisation process effectively enhanced the pH and thermal stability but caused negative impacts on the kinetic properties by reducing the maximum velocity and Michaelis-Menten constant. However, it allowed for multiple reuses and facilitated continuous flow processes. The encapsulation also allowed for easy process control by simplifying the removal of the enzymes from the beverages via simple filtration, negating the need for expensive heat treatments, which could result in product quality losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Chalella Mazzocato
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-Christophe Jacquier
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Sun R, Lv Z, Wang Y, Gu Y, Sun Y, Zeng X, Gao Z, Zhao X, Yuan Y, Yue T. Preparation and characterization of pectin-alginate-based microbeads reinforced by nano montmorillonite filler for probiotics encapsulation: Improving viability and colonic colonization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130543. [PMID: 38432271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel microbeads can be used to enhance the stability of probiotics during gastrointestinal delivery and storage. In this study, the pectin-alginate hydrogel was enhanced by adding montmorillonite filler to produce microbeads for encapsulating Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (LK). Results showed that the viscosity of biopolymer solutions with 1 % (PAMT1) and 3 % (PAMT3) montmorillonite addition was suitable for producing regular-shaped microbeads. A layered cross-linked network was formed on the surface of PAMT3 microbeads through electrostatic interaction between pectin-alginate and montmorillonite filler, and the surrounding LK with adsorbed montmorillonite was encapsulated inside the microbeads. PAMT3 microbeads reduced the loss of viability of LK when passing through the gastric acid environment, and facilitated the slow release of LK in the intestine and colonic colonization. The maximum decrease in viability among all filler groups was 1.21 log CFU/g after two weeks of storage, while PAMT3 freeze-drying microbeads only decreased by 0.46 log CFU/g, indicating that the gel layer synergized with the adsorbed layer to provide dual protection for probiotics. Therefore, filler-reinforced microbeads are a promising bulk encapsulation carrier with great potential for the protection and delivery of probiotics and can be developed as food additives for dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongyi Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- Chemical Engineering with Biotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuejun Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xubo Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Yin Q, Batbatan CG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Xiao A. Preparation and Characterization of Carrageenase Immobilized onto Polyethyleneimine-Modified Pomelo Peel. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:132-140. [PMID: 37957113 PMCID: PMC10840462 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carrageenase immobilization was evaluated with a concise and efficient strategy. Pomelo peel cellulose (PPC) modified by polyethyleneimine (PEI) using the physical absorption method was used as a carrier to immobilize carrageenase and achieved repeated batch catalysis. In addition, various immobilization and reaction parameters were scrutinized to enhance the immobilization efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the enzyme activity recovery rate was more than 50% and 4.1 times higher than immobilization with non-modified pomelo peels. The optimum temperature and pH of carrageenase after immobilization by PEI-modified pomelo peel, at 60°C and 7.5 respectively, were in line with the free enzyme. The temperature resistance was reduced, inconsistent with free enzyme, and pH resistance was increased. A significant loss of activity (46.8%) was observed after reusing it thrice under optimal reaction conditions. In terms of stability, the immobilized enzyme conserved 76.0% of the initial enzyme activity after 98 days of storage. Furthermore, a modest decrease in the kinetic constant (Km) value was observed, indicating the improved substrate affinity of the immobilized enzyme. Therefore, modified pomelo peel is a verified and promising enzyme immobilization system for the synthesis of inorganic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui, 234000, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, Bukidnon, 8710, Philippines
| | | | - Yongxing Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Qiuming Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
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Wang F, Xu H, Wang M, Yu X, Cui Y, Xu L, Ma A, Ding Z, Huo S, Zou B, Qian J. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Juice Clarification. Foods 2023; 12:4258. [PMID: 38231709 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes are currently being rapidly developed and are widely used in juice clarification. Immobilized enzymes have many advantages, and they show great advantages in juice clarification. The commonly used methods for immobilizing enzymes include adsorption, entrapment, covalent bonding, and cross-linking. Different immobilization methods are adopted for different enzymes to accommodate their different characteristics. This article systematically reviews the methods of enzyme immobilization and the use of immobilized supports in juice clarification. In addition, the mechanisms and effects of clarification with immobilized pectinase, immobilized laccase, and immobilized xylanase in fruit juice are elaborated upon. Furthermore, suggestions and prospects are provided for future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Anzhou Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Dwivedi S, Yadav K, Gupta S, Tanveer A, Yadav S, Yadav D. Fungal pectinases: an insight into production, innovations and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:305. [PMID: 37691054 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The fungal system holds morphological plasticity and metabolic versatility which makes it unique. Fungal habitat ranges from the Arctic region to the fertile mainland, including tropical rainforests, and temperate deserts. They possess a wide range of lifestyles behaving as saprophytic, parasitic, opportunistic, and obligate symbionts. These eukaryotic microbes can survive any living condition and adapt to behave as extremophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, or even psychrophile organisms. This behaviour has been exploited to yield microbial enzymes which can survive in extreme environments. The cost-effective production, stable catalytic behaviour and ease of genetic manipulation make them prominent sources of several industrially important enzymes. Pectinases are a class of pectin-degrading enzymes that show different mechanisms and substrate specificities to release end products. The pectinase family of enzymes is produced by microbial sources such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, plants, and animals. Fungal pectinases having high specificity for natural sources and higher stabilities and catalytic activities make them promising green catalysts for industrial applications. Pectinases from different microbial sources have been investigated for their industrial applications. However, their relevance in the food and textile industries is remarkable and has been extensively studied. The focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the current findings on fungal pectinases targeting diverse sources of fungal strains, their production by fermentation techniques, and a summary of purification strategies. Studies on pectinases regarding innovations comprising bioreactor-based production, immobilization of pectinases, in silico and expression studies, directed evolution, and omics-driven approaches specifically by fungal microbiota have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Aiman Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India.
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Kamal S, Rehman S, Bibi I, Akhter N, Amir R, Alsanie WF, Iqbal HMN. Graphene oxide/chitosan composites as novel support to provide high yield and stable formulations of pectinase for industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:683-691. [PMID: 35987366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular pectinase from a mixed consortium of Bacillus sp. (BSP) was immobilized onto graphene oxide/chitosan composite (GO/CS) through covalent binding to enhance its recycling and operational stability features. Different parameters were optimized, including cross-linker concentration (%), time, pH, and GO/CS-pectinase ratios. GO/CS-pectinase was further characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The activity of GO/CS-pectinase was reached up to 804 μmolmin-1 with an immobilization efficiency of 80.64 ± 1.15 % under optimum conditions. GO/CS-pectinase exhibited a 3.0-folds higher half-life (t1/2) than free pectinase at 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. The Vmax and KM values of GO/CS-pectinase were found to be nearly equal to the free pectinase indicating that conformational flexibility was retained. Kd, t1/2, ∆G*, ∆H*, and ∆S* of both free pectinase and GO/CS-pectinase was 0.0339 & 0.0721 min-1, 9.62 and 40.44 min, 81.35, 90.72 kJmol-1, 47.098 & 63.635 kJmol-1, -102.86 & -81.340 Jmole-1 K-1. SEM morphological analysis further confirmed the successful binding of pectinase with GO/CS, which retained about 92 % of its original catalytic activity after ten consecutive reaction cycles. Finally, GO/CS-pectinase was employed for guava juice clarification which exhibited the turbidity reduction up to 81 % after 75 min of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rija Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Composite Aerogel Comprised of Sodium Alginate and Bentonite via Supercritical CO 2 Drying: An Efficient Adsorbent for Lysozyme. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060359. [PMID: 35735703 PMCID: PMC9222501 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the demand for the separation of specific substances, the construction of porous composite aerogels with a high specific surface area and a strong adsorption capacity is still a challenge. Herein, a sodium alginate/bentonite composite aerogel was efficiently prepared through supercritical fluid drying. The aerogel’s volume shrank less during supercritical drying, maintaining its original three-dimensional mesh structure. The resulting aerogel had a large specific surface area (445 m2/g), a low density (0.059 g/cm3), and a large pore volume (3.617 cm3/g). Due to the fixation and intercalation effects, bentonite was uniformly dispersed in the sodium alginate matrixes. The adsorption of lysozyme by the composite aerogel was evaluated, and the results showed that the optimal adsorption pH was 8 when the pH of the phosphoric acid buffer solution was between pH = 5 and 8.5. The time for adsorption to reach equilibrium was 8 h. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase in bentonite content, and when the initial concentration of lysozyme was from 0.2 to 1.2 g/L, the adsorption capacity first increased and then stabilized, and the maximum adsorption amount was 697 mg/g. The adsorption behavior was simulated in the isothermal region, and the linear correlation coefficient of Langmuir isothermal adsorption fitting was found to be 0.997. Thus, this composite aerogel with strong adsorption capacity can be used as a good alternative to enzymatic adsorbents or immobilized materials.
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Preparation of cross-linked cell aggregates (CLCAs) of recombinant E. coli harboring glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for efficient asymmetric synthesis of L-phosphinothricin. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sharma T, Xia C, Sharma A, Raizada P, Singh P, Sharma S, Sharma P, Kumar S, Lam S, Nadda AK. Mechano-chemical and biological energetics of immobilized enzymes onto functionalized polymers and their applications. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10518-10539. [PMID: 35443858 PMCID: PMC9208500 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes of commercial importance, such as lipase, amylase, laccase, phytase, carbonic anhydrase, pectinase, maltase, glucose oxidase etc., show multifunctional features and have been extensively used in several fields including fine chemicals, environmental, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, energy, food industry, agriculture and nutraceutical etc. The deployment of biocatalyst in harsh industrial conditions has some limitations, such as poor stability. These drawbacks can be overcome by immobilizing the enzyme in order to boost the operational stability, catalytic activity along with facilitating the reuse of biocatalyst. Nowadays, functionalized polymers and composites have gained increasing attention as an innovative material for immobilizing the industrially important enzyme. The different types of polymeric materials and composites are pectin, agarose, cellulose, nanofibers, gelatin, and chitosan. The functionalization of these materials enhances the loading capacity of the enzyme by providing more functional groups to the polymeric material and hence enhancing the enzyme immobilization efficiency. However, appropriate coordination among the functionalized polymeric materials and enzymes of interest plays an important role in producing emerging biocatalysts with improved properties. The optimal coordination at a biological, physical, and chemical level is requisite to develop an industrial biocatalyst. Bio-catalysis has become vital aspect in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for synthesis of value-added chemicals. The present review describes the current advances in enzyme immobilization on functionalized polymers and composites. Furthermore, the applications of immobilized enzymes in various sectors including bioremediation, biosensor and biodiesel are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
| | - Changlei Xia
- Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry UniversityCo-Innovation, Nanjing,Jiangsu, China
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - SuShiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (Hicoe), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
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Bibi Z, Sattar H, Asif Nawaz M, Karim A, Pervez S, Ali Ul Qader S, Aman A. Polyacrylamide hydrogel carrier (matrix-type macrogel beads): Improvement in the catalytic behavior, stability, and reusability of industrially valuable xylanase from a thermophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Carli S, Salgado JCS, Meleiro LP, Ward RJ. Covalent Immobilization of Chondrostereum purpureum Endopolygalacturonase on Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles: Catalytic Properties and Biotechnological Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:848-861. [PMID: 34553326 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pectinases are widely used in a variety of industrial processes. However, their application is limited by low catalytic processivity, reduced stability, high cost, and poor re-use compatibility. These drawbacks may be overcome by enzyme immobilization with ferromagnetic nanoparticles, which are easily recovered by a magnetic field. In this work, an endopolygalacturonase from Chondrostereum purpureum (EndoPGCp) expressed in Pichia pastoris was immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan ferromagnetic nanoparticles (EndoPGCp-MNP) and used to supplement a commercial enzyme cocktail. No significant differences in biochemical and kinetic properties were observed between EndoPGCp-MNP and EndoPGCp, although the EndoPGCp-MNP showed slightly increased thermostability. Cocktail supplementation with EndoPGCp-MNP increased reducing sugar release from orange wastes by 1.8-fold and showed a synergistic effect as compared to the free enzyme. Furthermore, EndoPGCp-MNP retained 65% of the initial activity after 7 cycles of re-use. These properties suggest that EndoPGCp-MNP may find applications in the processing of pectin-rich agroindustrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Santos Salgado
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.
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Deng Y, Ouyang J, Liu H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Li D, Ma K. An effective immobilization of β-glucosidases by partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1035-1043. [PMID: 35015605 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2024848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization provides ideal operating conditions for enzymes stabilization and sustainable recycling. In this work, as a kind of clay material, montmorillonite (MTL) was chosen for immobilizing the β-glucosidase extracted from Agrocybe aegirit. The immobilized β-glucosidase via partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates (pCLEAs) formed by self-catalysis provided biocatalysts with satisfactory thermal and pH stability. Compared to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked, the immobilized β-glucosidase (β-G-pCLEAs@MTL) exhibited significantly higher immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY), which were 80.6% and 76.9%, respectively. The β-G-pCLEAs@MTL also showed better stability and preferable reusability. And the activity of the β-G-pCLEAs@MTL remained 85.0% after 5 cycles and 74.7% after 10 cycles. Therefore, the method based on the pre- crosslinking to form pCLEAs and after-immobilization can effectively improve IY and IE. In addition, MTL seems to be a good alternative carrier to immobilize other enzymes for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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14
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Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Utilization of Clay Materials as Support for Aspergillus japonicus Lipase: An Eco-Friendly Approach. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipase is an important group of biocatalysts, which combines versatility and specificity, and can catalyze several reactions when applied in a high amount of industrial processes. In this study, the lipase produced by Aspergillus japonicus under submerged cultivation, was immobilized by physical adsorption, using clay supports, namely, diatomite, vermiculite, montmorillonite KSF (MKSF) and kaolinite. Besides, the immobilized and free enzyme was characterized, regarding pH, temperature and kinetic parameters. The most promising clay support was MKSF that presented 69.47% immobilization yield and hydrolytic activity higher than the other conditions studied (270.7 U g−1). The derivative produced with MKSF showed high stability at pH and temperature, keeping 100% of its activity throughout 12 h of incubation in the pH ranges between 4.0 and 9.0 and at a temperature from 30 to 50 °C. In addition, the immobilized lipase on MKSF support showed an improvement in the catalytic performance. The study shows the potential of using clays as support to immobilized lipolytic enzymes by adsorption method, which is a simple and cost-effective process.
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16
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Immobilization of α-amylase on modified magnetic zeolite (MAZE) coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite and its properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Nano-organic supports for enzyme immobilization: Scopes and perspectives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111774. [PMID: 33932893 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of organic nanomaterials and organic polymers are used for enzyme immobilization to increase enzymes stability and reusability. In this study, the effects of the immobilization of enzymes on organic and organic-inorganic hybrid nano-supports are compared. Immobilization of enzymes on organic support nanomaterials was reported to significantly improve thermal, pH and storage stability, acting also as a protection against metal ions inhibitory effects. In particular, the effects of enzyme immobilization on reusability, physical, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were considered. Due to their biocompatibility with low health risks, organic support nanomaterials represent a good choice for the immobilization of enzymes. Organic nanomaterials, and especially organic-inorganic hybrids, can significantly improve the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of immobilized enzymes compared to macroscopic supports. Moreover, organic nanomaterials are more environment friendly for medical applications, such as prodrug carriers and biosensors. Overall, organic hybrid nanomaterials are receiving increasing attention as novel nano-supports for enzyme immobilization and will be used extensively.
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18
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Zhang S, Bilal M, Zdarta J, Cui J, Kumar A, Franco M, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Biopolymers and nanostructured materials to develop pectinases-based immobilized nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109979. [PMID: 33648214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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19
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Lipase immobilization on ceramic supports: An overview on techniques and materials. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Zhao W, Xu T. Preliminary engineering for in situ in vivo bioprinting: a novel micro bioprinting platform for in situ in vivo bioprinting at a gastric wound site. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045020. [PMID: 32784271 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba4ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We first proposed the concept of in situ in vivo bioprinting in order to address the existing deficiencies in conventional bioprinting. Herein we verified this concept taking the case of the treatment for gastric wall injury and presented this work as a preliminary step towards a new method in the field of bioprinting. In this study, a micro bioprinting platform which can be installed to an endoscope was developed to enter the human body and process bioprinting. Printed circuit micro-electro-mechanical-system techniques were used in the design and fabrication of the platform. Control system with high accuracy was developed and performance tests were carried out to verify the feasibility of the platform. The 2-layer tissue scaffolds were printed in a stomach model. Gelatin-alginate hydrogels with human gastric epithelial cells and human gastric smooth muscle cells were used as bioinks to mimic the anatomical structure of a stomach. A 10 d cell culture showed that printed cells remained a high viability and a steady proliferation, which indicated good biological function of cells in printed tissue scaffolds. This work presents an innovative advance not only in the field of bioprinting but also in the clinical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhao
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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21
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Barbosa GSDS, Oliveira MEPS, dos Santos ABS, Sánchez OC, Soares CMF, Fricks AT. Immobilization of Low-Cost Alternative Vegetable Peroxidase ( Raphanus sativus L. peroxidase): Choice of Support/Technique and Characterization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163668. [PMID: 32806564 PMCID: PMC7466051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was used as the low-cost alternative source of peroxidase. The enzyme was immobilized in different supports: coconut fiber (CF), calcium alginate microspheres (CAMs) and silica SBA-15/albumin hybrid (HB). Physical adsorption (PA) and covalent binding (CB) as immobilization techniques were evaluated. Immobilized biocatalysts (IBs) obtained were physicochemical and morphologically characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA. Also, optimum pH/temperature and operational stability were determined. For all supports, the immobilization by covalent binding provided the higher immobilization efficiencies-immobilization yield (IY%) of 89.99 ± 0.38% and 77.74 ± 0.42% for HB and CF, respectively. For CAMs the activity recovery (AR) was of 11.83 ± 0.68%. All IBs showed optimum pH at 6.0. Regarding optimum temperature of the biocatalysts, HB-CB and CAM-CB maintained the original optimum temperature of the free enzyme (40 °C). HB-CB showed higher operational stability, maintaining around 65% of the initial activity after four consecutive cycles. SEM, FTIR and TGA results suggest the enzyme presence on the IBs. Radish peroxidase immobilized on HB support by covalent binding is promising in future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Souza da Silva Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Tiradentes University, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.B.); (M.E.P.S.O.); (A.B.S.d.S.); (C.M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Technology and Research, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Maria Emanuela P. S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Tiradentes University, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.B.); (M.E.P.S.O.); (A.B.S.d.S.); (C.M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Technology and Research, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz S. dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Tiradentes University, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.B.); (M.E.P.S.O.); (A.B.S.d.S.); (C.M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Technology and Research, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Osmar Calderón Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, La Habana University, 10400 La Habana, Cuba;
| | - Cleide Mara Faria Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Tiradentes University, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.B.); (M.E.P.S.O.); (A.B.S.d.S.); (C.M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Technology and Research, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Alini Tinoco Fricks
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Tiradentes University, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; (G.S.d.S.B.); (M.E.P.S.O.); (A.B.S.d.S.); (C.M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Technology and Research, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-79-32182190
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22
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Immobilization and stabilization of pectinase on an activated montmorillonite support and its application in pineapple juice clarification. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Oktay B, Demir S, Kayaman-Apohan N. Immobilization of pectinase on polyethyleneimine based support via spontaneous amino-yne click reaction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Porfiri MC, Melnichuk N, Braia MJ, Brinatti C, Loh W, Romanini D. Analysis of the structure-function relationship of alpha amylase complexed with polyacrylic acid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110787. [PMID: 31954269 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amylase is frequently used in technologies that require its immobilization, stabilization or encapsulation. Polyacrylic acid is a very suitable polymer for these purposes because it can bind to enzymes and then be released under certain conditions without altering the functional capacity of enzymes. The consequences produced by polyacrylic acid on alpha-amylase structure and function have been investigated through various techniques. Calorimetric measurements allowed examining the nature of the binding reaction, stoichiometry and affinity, while spectroscopic techniques provided additional information about functional and structural perturbations of the enzyme. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed a mixed interaction and a binding model with a large number of molecules of protein per molecule of polyacrylic acid. One the one hand circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that alpha-amylase loses its secondary structure in the presence of increasing concentrations of polyacrylic acid, while it is stabilized by the polyelectrolyte at low pH. On the other hand, fluorescence spectra revealed that the three-dimensional enzyme structure was not affected in the microenvironment of tryptophan residues. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms showed that only one domain of alpha-amylase is affected in its conformational stability by the polymer. The unfolding process proved to be partially reversible. Finally, the enzyme retained more than 90 % of its catalytic activity even in excess of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Porfiri
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natasha Melnichuk
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio J Braia
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César Brinatti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Romanini
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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25
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Immobilization of xylanase on modified grafted alginate polyethyleneimine bead based on impact of sodium cation effect. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1284-1295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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