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Liu W, Wang K, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Zhang C, Peng Y, Ran X, Guo H, Ding Y, Tang S. Effects of nitrogen application on physicochemical properties of rice starch under elevated temperature. Food Chem 2024; 433:137303. [PMID: 37713937 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization can mitigate the negative effects of high temperatures on rice. In this study, we simulated dynamic field temperature increases using a free-air temperature enhancement system. Changes in the physicochemical properties of starch were investigated under increasing nitrogen fertilization during the grain-filling stage. We observed that the application of nitrogen at elevated temperatures (ETN) did not change the chain length distribution compared with elevated temperatures (ET) alone; however, it did significantly increase the heights of the first and second amylose peaks. Specifically, ETN significantly decreased the height of fifth amylopectin and relative crystallinity, and the changes it introduced in the physicochemical properties of starch were greater than those of ET. Overall, these changes in starch properties may be associated with the ability of nitrogen to facilitate the maintenance of rice quality at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Kailu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingying Shen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xuan Ran
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - She Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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2
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Wu ZW, Huang HR, Liao SQ, Cai XS, Liu HM, Ma YX, Wang XD. Evaluation of Quality Properties of Brown Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) Tubers from Six Major Growing Regions of China: A New Source of Vegetable Oil and Starch. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:147-161. [PMID: 38311405 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tigernut has been recognized as a promising resource for edible oil and starch. However, the research on the quality characteristics of tigernut from different regions is lagging behind, which limits the application of tigernut in food industry. Tigernut tubers were obtained from six major growing regions in China, and the physicochemical properties of their main components, oil and starch, were characterized. Tigernut tubers from Baoshan contained the most oil (30.12%), which contained the most β-carotene (130.4 µg/100 g oil) due to high average annual temperature. Gas chromatography analysis and fingerprint analysis results indicated that tigernut oil (TNO) consists of seven fatty acids, of which oleic acid is the major component. Changchun TNO contained the least total tocopherols (6.04 mg/100 g oil) due to low average annual temperature. Tigernut tubers from Chifeng (CF) contained the most starch (34.85%) due to the large diurnal temperature range. Xingtai starch contained the most amylose (28.4%). Shijiazhuang starch showed the highest crystallinity (19.5%). Anyang starch had the highest pasting temperature (76.0°C). CF starch demonstrated superior freeze-thaw stability (syneresis: 50%) due to low mean annual precipitation. The results could be further applied to support tigernut industries and relevant researchers that looks for geographical origin discrimination and improvements on tigernut quality, with unique physicochemical and technological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
- Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Hong-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Shu-Qiang Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xiao-Shuang Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
- Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
- Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Yu-Xiang Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
- Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
- Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology
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Wang Z, Qu L, Li J, Niu S, Guo J, Lu D. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on starch physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion under heat stress during the grain-filling stage in waxy maize. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127765. [PMID: 38287575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Waxy maize starch serves as a pivotal component in global food processing and industrial applications, while high temperature (HT) during the grain-filling stage seriously affects its quality. Salicylic acid (SA) has been recognized for its role in enhancing plant heat resistance. Nonetheless, its regulatory effect on the quality of waxy maize starch under HT conditions remains unclear. In this study, two waxy maize varieties, JKN2000 (heat-tolerant) and SYN5 (heat-sensitive) were treated with SA after pollination and then subjected to HT during the grain-filling stage to explore the effect of SA on grain yield and starch quality. The results indicate that exogenous SA under HT treatment led to an increase in kernel weight and starch content in both varieties. Moreover, SA reduced the HT-induced holes on the surfaces of starch granules, enlarged the starch granule size, elevated the amylopectin branching degree, and reduced amylopectin average chain length. Consequently, improvements of pasting viscosity and the decrease of retrogradation percentage of starch were observed with SA under HT. Exogenous SA reduced HT-induced rapidly digestible starch content in SYN5, but had no significant effect on that in JKN2000. In summary, SA pretreatment effectively alleviated the detrimental effects of HT on starch pasting and thermal properties of waxy maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Shiduo Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Guo K, Liang W, Wang S, Guo D, Liu F, Persson S, Herburger K, Petersen BL, Liu X, Blennow A, Zhong Y. Strategies for starch customization: Agricultural modification. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121336. [PMID: 37739487 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Raw starch is commonly modified to enhance its functionality for industrial applications. There is increasing demand for 'green' modified starches from both end-consumers and producers. It is well known that environmental conditions are key factors that determine plant growth and yield. An increasing number of studies suggest growth conditions can expand affect starch structure and functionality. In this review, we summarized how water, heat, high nitrogen, salinity, shading, CO2 stress affect starch biosynthesis and physicochemical properties. We define these treatments as a fifth type of starch modification method - agricultural modification - in addition to chemical, physical, enzymatic and genetic methods. In general, water stress decreases peak viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy of starch, and high temperature stress increases starch gelatinization enthalpy and temperature. High nitrogen increases total starch content and regulates starch viscosity. Salinity stress mainly regulates starch and amylose content, both of which are genotype-dependent. Shading stress and CO2 stress can both increase starch granule size, but these have different effects on amylose content and amylopectin structure. Compared with other modification methods, agricultural modification has the advantage of operating at a large scale and a low cost and can help meet the ever-rising market of clean-label foods and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Guo
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wenxin Liang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Bent L Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wei W, Zhu T, Qu H, Liu Y, Xu G. Improving rice eating and cooking quality by enhancing endogenous expression of a nitrogen-dependent floral regulator. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2654-2670. [PMID: 37623700 PMCID: PMC10651157 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Improving rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) is one of the primary tasks in rice production to meet the rising demands of consumers. However, improving grain ECQ without compromising yield faces a great challenge under varied nitrogen (N) supplies. Here, we report the approach to upgrade rice ECQ by native promoter-controlled high expression of a key N-dependent floral and circadian clock regulator Nhd1. The amplification of endogenous Nhd1 abundance alters rice heading date but does not affect the entire length of growth duration, N use efficiency and grain yield under both low and sufficient N conditions. Enhanced expression of Nhd1 reduces amylose content, pasting temperature and protein content while increasing gel consistence in grains. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that increased expression of Nhd1 mainly regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids in the grain filling stage. Moreover, expression level of Nhd1 shows a positive relationship with grain ECQ in some local main cultivars. Thus, intensifying endogenous abundance of Nhd1 is a promising strategy to upgrade grain ECQ in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shunan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongye Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guohua Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Tan X, Li H, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Jin Z, Chen W, Tang D, Wei C, Tang Q. Characterization of the Difference between Day and Night Temperatures on the Growth, Photosynthesis, and Metabolite Accumulation of Tea Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076718. [PMID: 37047691 PMCID: PMC10095163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the effects of the differences between day and night temperatures (DIFs) on tea plant are poorly understood. In order to investigate the influence of DIFs on the growth, photosynthesis, and metabolite accumulation of tea plants, the plants were cultivated under 5 °C (25/20 °C, light/dark), 10 °C (25/15 °C, light/dark), and 15 °C (25/10 °C, light/dark). The results showed that the growth rate of the new shoots decreased with an increase in the DIFs. There was a downward trend in the photosynthesis among the treatments, as evidenced by the lowest net photosynthetic rate and total chlorophyll at a DIF of 15 °C. In addition, the DIFs significantly affected the primary and secondary metabolites. In particular, the 10 °C DIF treatment contained the lowest levels of soluble sugars, tea polyphenols, and catechins but was abundant in caffeine and amino acids, along with high expression levels of theanine synthetase (TS3) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Furthermore, the transcriptome data revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, flavone/flavonol biosyntheses, flavonoid biosynthesis, etc. Therefore, we concluded that a DIF of 10 °C was suitable for the protected cultivation of tea plants in terms of the growth and the quality of a favorable flavor of tea, which provided a scientific basis for the protected cultivation of tea seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huili Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Khan AH, Min L, Ma Y, Zeeshan M, Jin S, Zhang X. High-temperature stress in crops: male sterility, yield loss and potential remedy approaches. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:680-697. [PMID: 36221230 PMCID: PMC10037161 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro‐Environment and Agro‐Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of AgricultureGuanxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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8
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Tu D, Jiang Y, Salah A, Xi M, Cai M, Cheng B, Sun X, Cao C, Wu W. Variation of rice starch structure and physicochemical properties in response to high natural temperature during the reproductive stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136347. [PMID: 36866379 PMCID: PMC9971927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming affects rice growth at different phenological stages, thereby increasing rice chalkiness and protein content and reducing eating and cooking quality (ECQ). The structural and physicochemical properties of rice starch played important roles in determining rice quality. However, differences in their response to high temperature during the reproductive stage have been rarely studied. In the present study, they were evaluated and compared between two contrasting natural temperature field conditions, namely, high seasonal temperature (HST) and low seasonal temperature (LST), during the reproductive stage of rice in 2017 and 2018. Compared with LST, HST significantly deteriorated rice quality, including increased grain chalkiness, setback, consistence, and pasting temperature and reduced taste values. HST considerably reduced the total starch and increased the protein content. Likewise, HST significantly reduced the short amylopectin chains [degree of polymerization (DP) <12] and increased the long amylopectin chains (DP > 12) and relative crystallinity. The starch structure, total starch content, and protein content explained 91.4%, 90.4%, and 89.2% of the total variations in pasting properties, taste value, and grain chalkiness degree, respectively. In conclusion, we suggested that rice quality variations were closely associated with the changes in chemical composition content (total starch and protein content) and starch structure in response to HST. These results indicated that we should improve the resistance of rice to high temperature during the reproductive stage to improve the fine structure of rice starch in further breeding and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Tu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Akram Salah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xi
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mingli Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaosong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cougui Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenge Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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9
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Ma K, Zhao L, Zhao X, Li X, Dong S, Zhang L, Guo P, Yuan X, Diao X. The relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality of high-quality foxtail millet "Jingu 21". Food Res Int 2023; 163:112225. [PMID: 36596154 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The commercial quality of foxtail millet grain (Setaria italica L.) includes appearance quality, functional quality, and cooking and eating quality, which directly determine whether consumers will purchase the product. We studied the relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality attributes of foxtail millet "Jingu 21" from twelve production areas. The results showed that altitude, latitude, and diurnal temperature range were negatively correlated with b*, total flavones content (TFC), setback (SB), consistence (CS) and pasting temperature (PTM), but positively correlated with L/B and breakdown (BD). In contrast, average temperature, average precipitation, average humidity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium had positive effects on 1,000-grain weight (KGW), b*, TFC, CS, and PTM and had a negative impact on L/B and BD. Climate factors had a greater effect on the commercial quality of foxtail millet than soil factors, and the influence of climatic factors was particularly obvious in the early and middle growth periods. The multivariate equation between ecological factors and the comprehensive score of foxtail millet commercial quality is Y = 1,159.745-4.496X1 (altitude) + 19.529X5 (≥10℃ effective accumulated temperature) - 166.327X10 (organic matters). In conclusion, high temperature and precipitation are conducive to high quality appearance and the accumulation of functional substances, while a high diurnal temperature range and high soil nutrients are conducive to the formation of cooking and eating quality. The impact of ecological factors on foxtail millet quality is complicated and it is essential to select a cultivation site that is matched to the intended use of the foxtail millet being produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiatong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Liguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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10
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Guo J, Qu L, Wei Q, Lu D. Effects of post-silking low temperature on the starch and protein metabolism, endogenous hormone contents, and quality of grains in waxy maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988172. [PMID: 36407592 PMCID: PMC9673756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waxy maize has many excellent characteristics in food and nonfood industries. However, post-silking low temperature (LT) has severe limitations on its grain yield and quality. In this study, field and pot trials were conducted to investigate the effects of post-silking LT on the physiological, biochemical, and functional characteristics of two waxy maize grains. The field and pot trials were performed with sowing date and artificial climate chamber, respectively, for LT treatment from silking stage to maturity. Results in pot trial were used to explain and validate the findings in field trial. Compared with the ambient treatment, the LT treatment significantly reduced kernel weight during the grain filling stage (P < 0.05). LT treatment in both environments resulted in an average decrease in dry weight of SYN5 and YN7 at maturity by 36.6% and 42.8%, respectively. Enzymatic activities related to starch and protein biosynthesis decreased under the LT treatment during the filling stage, accompanied by a decrease in the accumulation amounts and contents of soluble sugar and starch, and a decrease in protein accumulation amount. Meanwhile, the contents of abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellin 3 in grains decreased under the LT treatment during the filling stage. Peak, trough, breakdown, final, and setback viscosities of grains decreased by LT. LT treatment decreased the gelatinization enthalpy of grains and increased the retrogradation percentage. In conclusion, post-silking LT stress altered the content of grain components by inhibiting the production of phytohormones and down-regulating the enzymatic activities involved in starch and protein metabolism, which resulted in the deterioration of grain pasting and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Relation of cooked rice texture to starch structure and physicochemical properties under different nitrogen managements. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Tu D, Wu W, Xi M, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Chen J, Shao C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Effect of Temperature and Radiation on Indica Rice Yield and Quality in Middle Rice Cropping System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2697. [PMID: 36297721 PMCID: PMC9607267 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated in a wide range of climatic conditions, thereby inducing great variations in the rice growth, yield and quality. However, the comprehensive effects of temperature and solar radiation under different ecological regions on the rice growth, yield and quality are not well understood, especially in a middle rice cropping system. The rice growth, yield- and quality-related traits were investigated under different ecological regions. Among different areas, the days before the heading stage and after the heading stage of six cultivars ranged from 80 to 120 and from 30 to 50. The gaps of the grain yield, head rice rate, chalky grain rate and chalkiness level were about 1.2-52.4%, 1.0-3.0%, 2.7-12.7% and 0.3-4.5%, respectively. This study demonstrated that in these regions, temperature is a limiting factor compared with radiation. Moreover, the rice growth, yield and quality were closely associated with daily air (DT), maximum (MaT), minimum (MiT) and effective accumulated temperatures (EAT). An excellent rice growth, a high grain yield and an excellent quality could be achieved if the EAT was higher than 1592 °C·d and the MiT was lower than 23.1 °C before the heading stage, and if the DT, MiT and MaT were lower than 25.7 °C, 22.0 °C and 30 °C after the heading stage, respectively. These findings served as an important reference for optimizing cultivar selection for a specific area and determining suitable areas for a certain variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Tu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenge Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Min Xi
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Youzun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Anhui Agrometeorological Institute, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Caihong Shao
- Red Soil Engineering and Technology Center, Soil and Fertilizer & Resource and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Key Laboratory of Regulation and Control of Crop Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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13
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Nakajima S, Yamamoto M, Kuroki S, Itoh H. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of saffron starches at different growth stages. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Nakajima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho Nada Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho Nada Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho Nada Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Hiromichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho Nada Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
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14
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Gu X, Zhang X, Lu W, Lu D. Starch structural and functional properties of waxy maize under different temperature regimes at grain formation stage. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100463. [PMID: 36217316 PMCID: PMC9547181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive high temperature (>35 °C) enlarges and corrodes the starch granules. Heat stress increases the proportion of amylopectin long chains. Extremely high temperature induces the lowest pasting viscosity and the highest retrogradation of starch. This study provides scientific basis for the deterioration of waxy maize starch under severe high temperature.
Global warming affects crop productivity, but the influence is uncertain under different temperature regimes. The impact of growth temperatures (T0, 28 °C/20 °C; T1, 32 °C/24 °C; T2, 36 °C/28 °C; T3, 40 °C/32 °C) at grain formation stage on the waxy maize starch physicochemical properties of Suyunuo5 (heat-sensitive hybrid) and Yunuo7 (heat-tolerant hybrid) was studied. Compared with T0, T2 and T3 resulted in a higher number of starch granules with more pitted or uneven surface due to the enhanced enzymatic activities of α-amylase and β-amylase. Meanwhile, large starch granule size, long amylopectin chain-length, and high relative crystallinity under T2 and T3 resulted in low pasting viscosities and gelatinization enthalpy and high retrogradation percentage, especially under T3. The low coefficient variation of gelatinization temperatures indicated that the differences were meaninglessness. The influence of T1 on the pasting viscosities were more obvious in Suyunuo5. In conclusion, high temperatures at grain formation stage deteriorated the starch pasting and retrogradation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Corresponding author at: Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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15
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Naveed A, Zubair M, Baig A, Farid M, Ahmed W, Rehman R, Ayub MA, Hassoun A, Cropotova J. Effect of storage on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of brown Basmati rice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:2086-2098. [PMID: 37181322 PMCID: PMC10171549 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of storage time and temperature on the nutritional and antioxidant values of different varieties of brown rice. PARB approved indigenous Basmati varieties (Basmati 86, Basmati 515, Basmati super, Basmati super fine and Basmati kainat) were procured and initially tested for physicochemical parameters, including moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and fibers from the brown rice powder. Similarly, antioxidant capacity of these brown rice samples was assessed in terms of total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging potential. Samples of brown rice were stored for 3 and 6 months at 25 and 5°C. On increasing the storage time and temperature, antioxidant activity of rice decreases up to 50%. Nutritional parameters, such as minerals, carbohydrates, and fatty acids were characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, ICP-OES, GC-MS, and HPLC, revealing significant changes in the chemical composition of brown rice. Observation indicates that storage at high temperatures leads to a rapid decrease in carbohydrate and moisture content than at lower temperatures. The protein and ash content remains controlled and integrate with the mineral composition found. Decrease in the glucose and fructose amount was observed in brown rice varieties except for Basmati super fine and Basmati kainat at 5°C. Regarding fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids were prominent in oils extracted from the different brown rice varieties, and their content was reduced during the storage due to conversion to behenic, and erucic acids, respectively. From the present study, it can be concluded that low storage temperatures reduce the loss of nutrients, offering better nutritional quality for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Naveed
- Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR) Arras France
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Science University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Rafia Rehman
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | | | - Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR) Arras France
- Syrian Academic Expertise (SAE) Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Janna Cropotova
- Department of Biological Sciences Alesund Faculty of Natural Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
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16
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Tu D, Jiang Y, Salah A, Cai M, Peng W, Zhang L, Li C, Cao C. Response of Source-Sink Characteristics and Rice Quality to High Natural Field Temperature During Reproductive Stage in Irrigated Rice System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911181. [PMID: 35865292 PMCID: PMC9294507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming greatly affects the development of rice at different growth stages, thereby deteriorating rice quality. However, the effect of high natural field temperature during reproductive stages on rice quality is unclear. Thus, grain filling dynamics, source-sink characteristics and quality-related traits were compared between two contrasting natural field temperature conditions namely normal (low temperature) (LRT) and hot (high temperature) growth season (HRT) during reproductive stage. Compared with LRT, HRT significantly increased chalky grain rate (about 1.6-3.1%), chalkiness level (about 4.7-22.4%), protein content (about 0.93-1.07%), pasting temperature, setback, and consistence, and decreased total starch content (about 4.6-6.2%). Moreover, HRT significantly reduced the leaf area index (LAI, about 0.54-1.11 m2 m-2), specific leaf weight (SLW, about 1.27-1.44 mg cm-2) and source-sink ratio (leaf-sink ratio and/or stem-sink ratio), shortened the active grain filling period by 3.1-3.2 days, and reduced the rations of dry matter translocation to grain (RDMs). In conclusion, we suggested that significant reduction in assimilate translocation after flowering, resulting in the reduced active grain-filling duration and the poor rice quality (high chalkiness and the poor eating and cooking quality), modulated by source-sink characteristics in response to high natural field temperature during reproductive stage. These results enriched the study of high temperature-stressed rice and served as an important reference for selecting high-quality, heat-tolerant varieties and protecting rice quality under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Akram Salah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingli Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengfang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cougui Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Gu X, Yang S, Li G, Lu W, Lu D. Starch morphological, structural, pasting, and thermal properties of waxy maize under different heat stress durations at grain formation stage. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou China
| | - Siling Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety The Ministry of Education of China Yangzhou China
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18
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Zhang H, Xu H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Wang F, Zhu Y. Genetic Control and High Temperature Effects on Starch Biosynthesis and Grain Quality in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:757997. [PMID: 34975940 PMCID: PMC8718882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Grain quality is one of the key targets to be improved for rice breeders and covers cooking, eating, nutritional, appearance, milling, and sensory properties. Cooking and eating quality are mostly of concern to consumers and mainly determined by starch structure and composition. Although many starch synthesis enzymes have been identified and starch synthesis system has been established for a long time, novel functions of some starch synthesis genes have continually been found, and many important regulatory factors for seed development and grain quality control have recently been identified. Here, we summarize the progress in this field as comprehensively as possible and hopefully reveal some underlying molecular mechanisms controlling eating quality in rice. The regulatory network of amylose content (AC) determination is emphasized, as AC is the most important index for rice eating quality (REQ). Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of REQ, especially AC influenced by high temperature which is concerned as a most harmful environmental factor during grain filling is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Yang L, Liu Y, Yang J, Du C, Zhai L. Changes in the multi-scale structure and physicochemical properties of starch during potato growth. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5927-5937. [PMID: 33818781 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth stage contributes critically to the physicochemical properties of starches, which make achieving desired functional properties by controlling the growth period possible. Thus, this study investigated the changes in multiscale structure and physicochemical properties of potatoes starches harvested at different growth stages. RESULTS The amylose and phosphate content varied over the growth period, with the ranges 2.756-2.998 g kg-1 and 0.0058-0.0077 g kg-1 , respectively. The starch granules were round or oval, and the size increased with growth. X-Ray diffraction indicated the B-type crystalline structure of samples. Time-dependent changes in crystallinity were observed. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw ) showed a tendency to decrease first and then increase, and presented the lowest Mw (1.105 × 108 g mol-1 ) at 35 days. A higher proportion of long chains were noted in starch from earlier harvested potatoes than that in later harvested ones. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that starch gelatinization temperature decreased, and gelatinization enthalpy decreased from 16.39 to 14.89 J g-1 . All samples possessed weak elastic gel-like structure, and starches harvested at early stage possessed highest viscosity and stronger gel behaviour. Resistant starch showed a decreasing trend on the whole, and presented highest value (10.69%) at earliest harvest time. Starch from the potatoes harvested at 35 days after tuberization exhibited excellent light transmittance (up to 62.47%). CONCLUSION Potato starches harvested at different growth period presented extremely different structures and physicochemical properties. The results will provide fundamental data in terms of changes of potato starch during growth which will affect the choice of harvest time. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jianting Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Chuanlai Du
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ligong Zhai
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
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20
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Influence of dynamic high temperature during grain filling on starch fine structure and functional properties of semi-waxy japonica rice. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Yan Q, Xu Y, Chen L, Cao Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Yu Y, Fang C, Zhu Z, Feng G, Chen M. Irrigation with secondary municipal-treated wastewater: Potential effects, accumulation of typical antibiotics and grain quality responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124655. [PMID: 33257130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using secondary treated wastewater to irrigate paddies presents an exposure pathway for antibiotics to enter the terrestrial food chain. To date, there has been no information on the biochemical reactions and antibiotic uptake in rice plants irrigated with secondary treated wastewater. The present study investigated antibiotic uptake and concentration-response trends in rice tissues and evaluated the effects of typical antibiotics (tetracycline, roxithromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole) on rice growth, grain yield and quality, and rice physiobiochemical characters via irrigation using treated wastewater augmented with varying concentrations (0-500 µg/L) in paddies. The results showed that the antibiotic accumulation in rice plants irrigated with treated wastewater was limited, and the studied antibiotics were not detected in rice grains (edible parts). The ability of rice to withstand certain antibiotics and grow in a healthy manner is attributed to the capacity to maintain reasonably normal photosynthesis activity and to elevate antioxidative defenses. The highest antibiotic concentration (500 µg/L) did not reduce the processing quality of the rice grain, but it enhanced the cooking and eating quality. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that secondary treated wastewater for paddy irrigation is an alternative water resource securing protection from the environment and rice grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Long Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yafang Shao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yonghong Yu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - ZhiWei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mingxue Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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22
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Monitoring Hybrid Rice Phenology at Initial Heading Stage Based on Low-Altitude Remote Sensing Data. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of hybrid rice phenology (RP) is crucial for breeding rice cultivars and controlling fertilizing amount. The aim of this study is to monitor the exact date of hybrid rice initial heading stage (IHSDAS) based on low-altitude remote sensing data and analyze the influence factors of RP. In this study, six field experiments were conducted in Ezhou city and Lingshui city from 2016 to 2019, which involved different rice cultivars and nitrogen rates. Three low-altitude remote sensing platforms were used to collect rice canopy reflectance. Firstly, we compared the performance of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red edge chlorophyll index (CIred edge) for monitoring RP. Secondly, double logistic function (DLF), asymmetric gauss function (AGF), and symmetric gauss function (SGF) were used to fit time-series CIred edge for acquiring phenological curves (PC), the feature: maximum curvature (MC) of PC was extracted to monitor IHSDAS. Finally, we analyzed the influence of rice cultivars, N rates, and air temperature on RP. The results indicated that CIred edge was more appropriate than NDVI for monitoring RP without saturation problem. Compared with DLF and AGF, SGF could fit CIred edge without over fitting problem. MC of SGF_CIred edge from all three platforms showed good performance in monitoring IHSDAS with good robustness, R2 varied between 0.82 and 0.95, RMSE ranged from 2.31 to 3.81. In addition, the results demonstrated that high air temperature might cause a decrease of IHSDAS, and the growth process of rice was delayed when more nitrogen fertilizer was applied before IHSDAS. This study illustrated that low-altitude remote sensing technology could be used for monitoring field-scale hybrid rice IHSDAS accurately.
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Iqbal A, Xie H, He L, Ahmad S, Hussain I, Raza H, Khan A, Wei S, Quan Z, Wu K, Ali I, Jiang L. Partial substitution of organic nitrogen with synthetic nitrogen enhances rice yield, grain starch metabolism and related genes expression under the dual cropping system. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1283-1296. [PMID: 33613058 PMCID: PMC7878691 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving grain filling in the presernt farming systems is crucial where grain filling is a concern due to the extreme use of chemical fertilizers (CF). A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China in 2019 to test the hypothesis that cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF could improve rice grain filling rate, yield, biochemical and qualitative attributes. A total of six treatments, i.e., no fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6) were used in this study. Results showed that the combined treatment T6increased starch metabolizing enzymes activity (SMEs), such as ADP-glucose phosphorylase (ADGPase) by 8 and 12%, soluble starch synthase (SSS) by 7 and 10%, granule bound starch synthesis (GBSS) by 7 and 9%, and starch branching enzyme (SBE) by 14 and 21% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, higher rice grain yield, grain filling rate, starch, and amylose content were also recorded in combined treatments. In terms of seasons, higher activity of SMEs , grain starch, and amylose content was noted in the late-season compared to the early season. The increment in these traits was mainly attributed to a lower temperature in the late season during the grain filling period. Furthermore, our results suggested that an increment in starch accumulation and grain filling rate were mainly associated with the enhanced sink capacity by regulating key enzyme activities involved in Suc-to-starch conversion. In-addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed higher expression levels of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b genes, which resultantly increased the activities of SMEs during the grain filling period under combined treatments. Linear regression analysis revealed that the activity of ADGPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE were highly positively correlated with starch and amylose accumulation. Thus, we concluded that a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option in terms of improving rice grain yield and quality. Our study provides a sustainable fertilizer management strategy to enhance rice grain yield and quality at the lowest environmental cost.
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Key Words
- AC, amylose content
- AGPase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
- Amylose content
- CF, chemical fertilizer
- CM, cattle manure
- DAA, days after anthesis
- DBE, starch debranching enzyme
- Enzyme
- GBBS, granule bound starch synthase
- Grain yield
- N, nitrogen
- PM, poultry manure
- Rice
- SBE, starch branching enzyme
- SS, sucrose synthase
- SSS, soluble starch synthase
- Starch synthesis
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Hussain
- Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China.,University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Raza
- University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shangqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
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Sunoj VSJ, Prasad PVV, Ciampitti IA, Maswada HF. Narrowing Diurnal Temperature Amplitude Alters Carbon Tradeoff and Reduces Growth in C 4 Crop Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1262. [PMID: 32973831 PMCID: PMC7466774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Effect of diurnal temperature amplitude on carbon tradeoff (photosynthesis vs. respiration) and growth are not well documented in C4 crops, especially under changing temperatures of light (daytime) and dark (nighttime) phases in 24 h of a day. Fluctuations in daytime and nighttime temperatures due to climate change narrows diurnal temperature amplitude which can alter circadian rhythms in plant, thus influence the ability of plants to cope with temperature changes and cause contradictory responses in carbon tradeoff, particularly in night respiration during dark phase, and growth. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a key C4 cereal crop grown in high temperature challenging agro-climatic regions. Hence, it is important to understand its response to diurnal temperature amplitude. This is the first systematic investigation using controlled environmental facility to monitor the response of sorghum to different diurnal temperature amplitudes with same mean temperature. Two sorghum hybrids (DK 53 and DK 28E) were grown under optimum (27°C) and high (35°C) mean temperatures with three different diurnal temperature amplitudes (2, 10, and 18°C) accomplished by modulating daytime and nighttime temperatures [optimum daytime and nighttime temperatures (ODNT): 28/26, 32/22, and 36/18°C and high daytime and nighttime temperatures (HDNT): 36/34, 40/30, and 44/26°C]. After exposure to different temperature conditions, total soluble sugars, starch, total leaf area and biomass were reduced, while night respiration and specific leaf area were increased with narrowing of diurnal temperature amplitude (18 to 2°C) of HDNT followed by ODNT. However, there was no influence on photosynthesis across different ODNT and HDNT. Contradiction in response of foliar gas exchange and growth suggests higher contribution of night respiration for maintenance rather than growth with narrowing of diurnal temperature amplitude of ODNT and HDNT. Results imply that diurnal temperature amplitude has immense impact on the carbon tradeoff and growth, regardless of hybrid variation. Hence, diurnal temperature amplitude and night respiration should be considered while quantifying response and screening for high temperature tolerance in sorghum genotypes and comprehensive understanding of dark phase mechanisms which are coupled with stress response can further strengthen screening procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. John Sunoj
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro−bio−resources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ignacio A. Ciampitti
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Hanafey F. Maswada
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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