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Mendoza JJ, Arenas-de Valle C, Caldera-Villalobos M, Cano-Salazar LF, Flores-Guía TE, Espinosa-Neira R, Claudio-Rizo JA. Collagen-β-cyclodextrin hydrogels for advanced wound dressings: super-swelling, antibacterial action, inflammation modulation, and controlled drug release. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-34. [PMID: 38913549 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2370208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A key strategy in enhancing the efficacy of collagen-based hydrogels involves incorporating polysaccharides, which have shown great promise for wound healing. In this study, semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (semi-IPN) hydrogels comprised of collagen (Col) with the macrocyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (20-80 wt.%) were synthesised. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful fabrication of these Col/β-CD hydrogels, evidenced by the presence of characteristic absorption bands, including the urea bond band at ∼1740 cm-1, related with collagen crosslinking. Higher β-CD content was associated with increased crosslinking, higher swelling, and faster gelation. The β-CD content directly influenced the morphology and semi-crystallinity. All Col/β-CD hydrogels displayed superabsorbent properties, enhanced thermal stability, and exhibited slow degradation rates. Mechanical properties were significantly improved with contents higher than β-CD 40 wt.%. These hydrogels inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria and facilitated the controlled release of agents, such as malachite green, methylene blue, and ketorolac. The chemical composition of the Col/β-CD hydrogels did not induce cytotoxic effects on monocytes and fibroblast cells. Instead, they actively promoted cellular metabolic activity, encouraging cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, cell signalling modulation was observed, leading to changes in the expression of TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines. In summary, the results of this research indicate that these novel hydrogels possess multifunctional characteristics, including biocompatibility, super-swelling capacity, good thermal, hydrolytic, and enzymatic degradation resistance, antibacterial activity, inflammation modulation, and the ability to be used for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, indicating high potential for application in advanced wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Lucía F Cano-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Tirso E Flores-Guía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús A Claudio-Rizo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
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Aguayo-Morales H, Cobos-Puc LE, Lopez-Badillo CM, Oyervides-Muñoz E, Ramírez-García G, Claudio-Rizo JA. Collagen-polyurethane-dextran hydrogels enhance wound healing by inhibiting inflammation and promoting collagen fibrillogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38623028 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication of uncontrolled diabetes, emphasizing the need to develop wound healing strategies that are not only effective but also biocompatible, biodegradable, and safe. We aimed to create biomatrices composed of semi-interpenetrated polymer networks of collagen, polyurethane, and dextran, to enhance the wound healing process. The hydrogels were extensively characterized by various analytical techniques, including analysis of their structure, crystallinity, thermal properties, gelation process, reticulation, degradation, cell proliferation, and healing properties, among others. Semi-interpenetrated hydrogels containing dextran at levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% exhibited porous interconnections between collagen fibers and entrapped dextran granules, with a remarkable crosslinking index of up to 94% promoted by hydrogen bonds. These hydrogels showed significant improvements in mechanical properties, swelling, and resistance to proteolytic and hydrolytic degradation. After 24 h, there was a significant increase in the viability of several cell types, including RAW 264.7 cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and dermal fibroblasts. In addition, these hydrogels demonstrated an increased release of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 while inhibiting the release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after 72 h. Furthermore, these hydrogels accelerated the wound healing process in diabetic rats after topical application. Notably, the biomaterial with 20% dextran (D20) facilitated wound closure in only 21 days. These results highlight the potential of the D20 hydrogel, which exhibits physicochemical and biological properties that enhance wound healing by inhibiting inflammation and fibrillogenesis while remaining safe for application to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Luis E Cobos-Puc
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Laboratory, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jesús A Claudio-Rizo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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Kamrani A, Nasrabadi MH, Halabian R, Ghorbani M. A biomimetic multi-layer scaffold with collagen and zinc doped bioglass as a skin-regeneration agent in full-thickness injuries and its effects in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127163. [PMID: 37778589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the multilayer structure of skin tissue, the fabrication of a 3-layer scaffold could result in planned dermal regeneration. Herein, polyurethane (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL), as a function of their mechanical stability and collagen due to its arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequences, zinc ions because of overcoming the common problems of biological factors were employed. The scaffolds' physical, mechanical, and biological properties were examined by SEM, FTIR, contact angle, mechanical tensile, bacteriocidal efficacy, and hemolysis. Also, after L-929 fibroblast seeding, their biological activity was determined by SEM, DAPI, and MTT assays. Then, the cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted in full-thickness wounds of rats and evaluated by wound closure, histological, and molecular techniques. The in vivo studies showed better wound closure with the composite scaffold containing zinc ions. While its dermal re-organization was retarded in the presence of zinc ions compared to the composite scaffold containing non-doped bioglass. Despite this, the doped composite scaffold indicated better observations with the histological evaluations than the nontreated and bare scaffold groups. Real-time PCR confirmed the higher expression of FGF2 and FGFR genes in rats treated with the zinc-doped composite scaffold. In conclusion, PU/PCL-collagen/PCL-collagen containing the doped or non-doped nanoparticles showed better potential to heal dermal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asefeh Kamrani
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Applied Biotechnoiogy Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Heydari P, Varshosaz J, Kharaziha M, Javanmard SH. Antibacterial and pH-sensitive methacrylate poly-L-Arginine/poly (β-amino ester) polymer for soft tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:16. [PMID: 37036618 PMCID: PMC10085925 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, pH-sensitive biomaterials containing antibacterial agents have grown exponentially in soft tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to synthesize a biodegradable pH sensitive and antibacterial hydrogel with adjustable mechanical and physical properties for soft tissue engineering. This biodegradable copolymer hydrogel was made of Poly-L-Arginine methacrylate (Poly-L-ArgMA) and different poly (β- amino ester) (PβAE) polymers. PβAE was prepared with four different diacrylate/diamine monomers including; 1.1:1 (PβAE1), 1.5:1 (PβAE1.5), 2:1 (PβAE2), and 3:1 (PβAE3), which was UV cross-linked using dimethoxy phenyl-acetophenone agent. These PβAE were then used for preparation of Poly-L-ArgMA/PβAE polymers and revealed a tunable swelling ratio, depending on the pH conditions. Noticeably, the swelling ratio increased by 1.5 times when the pH decreased from 7.4 to 5.6 in the Poly-L-ArgMA/PβAE1.5 sample. Also, the controllable degradation rate and different mechanical properties were obtained, depending on the PβAE monomer ratio. Noticeably, the tensile strength of the PβAE hydrogel increased from 0.10 ± 0.04 MPa to 2.42 ± 0.3 MPa, when the acrylate/diamine monomer molar ratio increased from 1.1:1 to 3:1. In addition, Poly-L-ArgMA/PβAE samples significantly improved L929 cell viability, attachment and proliferation. Poly-L-ArgMA also enhanced the antibacterial activities of PβAE against both Escherichia coli (~5.1 times) and Staphylococcus aureus (~2.7 times). In summary, the antibacterial and pH-sensitive Poly-L-ArgMA/PβAE1.5 with suitable mechanical, degradation and biological properties could be an appropriate candidate for soft tissue engineering, specifically wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Heydari
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Caldera-Villalobos M, Claudio-Rizo JA, Cabrera-Munguía DA, Burciaga-Montemayor NG. Biobased hydrogels and their composite containing MgMOF74 for the removal of textile dyes and wastewater treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10785. [PMID: 36112044 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of a biobased hydrogel comprised of collagen, chitosan, and polyurethane for the removal of textile dyes. The adsorption capacity of this hydrogel was improved by adding a magnesium metal-organic framework to the semi-interpenetrating polymer matrix yielding a composite hydrogel. Removal of Bismarck Brown and Congo red was studied, and the experimental results fit Freundlich's model. Both hydrogel formulations were tested for the removal of textiles dyes from wastewaters. The magnesium-metal organic framework improved the efficiency of the biobased hydrogel for the removal of direct and mordant dyes reaching up to 89 ± 2%. The composite hydrogel was tested for the removal of Congo Red in a fixed bed column observing the breakthrough point after 168 min. Also, a flocculant material was prepared from collagen and chitosan and was tested for the removal of direct red dye from wastewater removing up to 80 ± 1%. The pretreated wastewater by coagulation-flocculation was treated by adsorption yielding a global removal efficiency of 99%. Finally, the studied hydrogels are potentially biodegradable being completely degraded by the proteolytic action after 22 days. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Composite hydrogels of collagen, chitosan, and MgMOF74 removed efficiently textile dyes from wastewater in batch systems and fixed bed columns. A biobased flocculant of collagen and chitosan significantly improved water quality after coagulation flocculation. Hydrogels were reusable for four cycles, and they can be proteolytically degraded after 22 days.
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Naseri E, Ahmadi A. A review on wound dressings: Antimicrobial agents, biomaterials, fabrication techniques, and stimuli-responsive drug release. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hydrogels for Biomedicine Based on Semi-Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks of Collagen/Guar Gum: Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xiang ZX, Gong JS, Li H, Shi WT, Jiang M, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Heterologous expression, fermentation strategies and molecular modification of collagen for versatile applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-22. [PMID: 34907819 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2016599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is a kind of high macromolecular protein with unique tissue distribution and distinctive functions in the body. At present, most collagen products are extracted from the tissues and organs of mammals or marine fish. However, this method exhibits several disadvantages, including low efficiency and serious waste generation, which makes it difficult to meet the current market demand. With the rapid development of synthetic biology and the deepening of high-density fermentation technology, the collagen preparation by biosynthesis strategy emerges as the times require. Co-expression with the proline hydroxylase gene can solve the problem of non-hydroxylated collagen, but the yield may be affected. Therefore, improving the expression through molecular modification and dynamic regulation of synthesis is an entry point for future research. Due to the defects in certain properties of the natural collagen, modification of properties would be benefit for meeting the requirements of practical application. In this paper, in-depth investigations on recombinant expression, fermentation, and modification studies of collagen are conducted. Also, it summarizes the research progress of collagen in food, medicine, and beauty industry in recent years. Furthermore, the future development trend and application prospect of collagen are discussed, which would provide guidance for its preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Wei-Ting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
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9
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León-Campos MI, Claudio-Rizo JA, Rodriguez-Fuentes N, Cabrera-Munguía DA, Becerra-Rodriguez JJ, Herrera-Guerrero A, Soriano-Corral F. Biocompatible interpenetrating polymeric networks in hydrogel state comprised from jellyfish collagen and polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Claudio-Rizo JA, Escobedo-Estrada N, Carrillo-Cortes SL, Cabrera-Munguía DA, Flores-Guía TE, Becerra-Rodriguez JJ. Highly absorbent hydrogels comprised from interpenetrated networks of alginate-polyurethane for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:70. [PMID: 34117933 PMCID: PMC8197714 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing new approaches to improve the swelling, degradation rate, and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels without compromising their biocompatibility for biomedical applications represents a potential area of research. In this work, the generation of interpenetrated networks (IPN) comprised from alginate-polyurethane in an aqueous medium is proposed to design hydrogels with tailored properties for biomedical applications. Aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions can crosslink and interpenetrate alginate chains, forming amide bonds that allow the structure and water absorption capacity of these novel hydrogels to be regulated. In this sense, this work focuses on studying the relation of the PU concentration on the properties of these hydrogels. The results indicate that the crosslinking of the alginate with PU generates IPN hydrogels with a crystalline structure characterized by a homogeneous smooth surface with high capacity to absorb water, tailoring the degradation rate, thermal decomposition, and storage module, not altering the native biocompatibility of alginate, providing character to inhibit the growth of E. coli and increasing also its hemocompatibility. The IPN hydrogels that include 20 wt.% of PU exhibit a reticulation index of 46 ± 4%, swelling capacity of 545 ± 13% at 7 days of incubation at physiological pH, resistance to both acidic and neutral hydrolytic degradation, mechanical improvement of 91 ± 1%, and no cytotoxicity for monocytes and fibroblasts growing for up to 72 h of incubation. These results indicate that these novel hydrogels can be used for successful biomedical applications in the design of wound healing dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Claudio-Rizo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - Nallely Escobedo-Estrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Sara L Carrillo-Cortes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Denis A Cabrera-Munguía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Tirso E Flores-Guía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Juan J Becerra-Rodriguez
- Universidad Politécnica de Pénjamo, Carretera Irapuato - La Piedad Km 44, Pénjamo, 36921, Guanajuato, México
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Li Y, Wang X, Han Y, Sun HY, Hilborn J, Shi L. Click chemistry-based biopolymeric hydrogels for regenerative medicine. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022003. [PMID: 33049725 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc0b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction, but describes ways of generating products which emulate examples in nature. Click reactions occur in one pot, are not disturbed by water, generate minimal and inoffensive byproducts, and are characterized by a high thermodynamic driving force, driving the reaction quickly and irreversibly towards a high yield of a single reaction product. As a result, over the past 15 years it has become a very useful bio-orthogonal method for the preparation of chemical cross-linked biopolymer-based hydrogel, in the presence of e.g. growth factors and live cells, or in-vivo. Biopolymers are renewable and non-toxic, providing a myriad of potential backbone toolboxes for hydrogel design. The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances in the development of click chemistry-based biopolymeric hydrogels, and their applications in regenerative medicine. In particular, various click chemistry approaches, including copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, copper-free click reactions (e.g. the Diels-Alder reactions, the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, the radical mediated thiol-ene reactions, and the oxime-forming reactions), and pseudo-click reactions (e.g. the thiol-Michael addition reactions and the Schiff base reactions) are highlighted in the first section. In addition, numerous biopolymers, including proteins (e.g. collagen, gelatin, silk, and mucin), polysaccharides (e.g. hyaluronic acid, alginate, dextran, and chitosan) and polynucleotides (e.g. deoxyribonucleic acid), are discussed. Finally, we discuss biopolymeric hydrogels, cross-linked by click chemistry, intended for the regeneration of skin, bone, spinal cord, cartilage, and cornea. This article provides new insights for readers in terms of the design of regenerative medicine, and the use of biopolymeric hydrogels based on click chemistry reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Kaczmarek B, Mazur O. Collagen-Based Materials Modified by Phenolic Acids-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3641. [PMID: 32824538 PMCID: PMC7476000 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-based biomaterials constitute one of the most widely studied types of materials for biomedical applications. Low thermal and mechanical parameters are the main disadvantages of such structures. Moreover, they present low stability in the case of degradation by collagenase. To improve the properties of collagen-based materials, different types of cross-linkers have been researched. In recent years, phenolic acids have been studied as collagen modifiers. Mainly, tannic acid has been tested for collagen modification as it interacts with a polymeric chain by strong hydrogen bonds. When compared to pure collagen, such complexes show both antimicrobial activity and improved physicochemical properties. Less research reporting on other phenolic acids has been published. This review is a summary of the present knowledge about phenolic acids (e.g., tannic, ferulic, gallic, and caffeic acid) application as collagen cross-linkers. The studies concerning collagen-based materials with phenolic acids are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaczmarek
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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