Cross-linking of partially hydrolyzed sesbania gum, property and characterization

Properties of OSA-esterified insoluble fraction of Persian gum and its application in dairy cream

BACKGROUND

In the present study, the insoluble fraction of Persian gum (IFPG) was modified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and its various properties were assessed. In addition, the effect of OSA-IFPG on the rheological and textural properties of dairy cream was investigated.

RESULTS

Suitable conditions for achieving a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.023 were found at pH 9, IFPG concentration 4 wt%, OSA concentration 10 wt% and a temperature of 40 °C, within 120 min. The carbonyl group attachment in OSA-IFPG was also confirmed via Fourier transform infrared and H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR). While the X-ray diffraction test indicated no significant changes in the structure of the IFPG after modification with OSA, esterification increased the negative charge density, decreased thermal decomposition temperature and increased the emulsifying capacity to 100%, which was obtained for the first time. The use of OSA-modified IFPG in creams augmented the complex viscosity, loss and storage modulus, while also demonstrating the creation of a pseudo-gel network. The hardness and adhesiveness of the texture increased, which can be explained by the formation of a compact structure and reduced particle size.

CONCLUSION

Overall, OSA-IFPG with hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections may function as an emulsifier and be recommended as a safe source of hydrocolloids for emulsion stability. It can also provide a positive physical structure when added to dairy cream, even if the fat concentration is lower than usual. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

A novel efficient wet process for preparing cross-linked starch: Impact of urea on cross-linking performance

Although wet processes are promising for preparing cross-linked starch, they are currently challenged by lower cross-linking efficiency and the requirement of large amounts of salts. Herein, an efficient and greener wet process was proposed, in which the cross-linking performance between sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and starch was enhanced with the aid of urea. The maximum degree of substitution (DS) of the urea-phosphorylated cross-linked starch (UPCS) was 0.040 at 35 °C, while that of the conventional phosphorylated cross-linked starch (CPCS) was 0.031 at 45 °C. Compared with CPCS, the maximum DS of UPCS was elevated by 29.03 %, but its optimum cross-linking temperature was reduced by 10 °C, indicating that the cross-linking efficiency of this novel wet process was greatly improved by urea. The structural difference between UPCS and CPCS was confirmed by using a series of techniques including 31P NMR and 13C NMR. Zeta potential results suggested that urea may promote starch cross-linking by preventing the closure of active sites through hydrophobic interactions. Due to the structural reinforcement of starch by urea, UPCS showed better thermal stability, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and steady shear tolerance properties. This study provides a facile wet process for the fabrication and application of cross-linked starch materials.

Recent Advances and Prospects for Plant Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review

This work is an effort to first introduce plant-based gums and discussing their drug delivery applications. The composition of these plant gums and their major characteristics, which make them suitable as pharmaceutical excipients are also described in detail. The various modifications methods such as physical and chemical modifications of gums and polysaccharides have been discussed along with their applications in different fields. Consequently, plant-based gums modification such as etherification and grafting is attracting much scientific attention to satisfy industrial demand. The evaluation tests to characterize gum-based drug delivery systems have been summarized. The release behavior of drug from plant-gum-based drug delivery is being discussed. Thus, this review is an attempt to critically summarize different aspect of plant-gum-based polysaccharides to be utilized in drug delivery systems having potential industrial applications.

A dual-functional layer modified GO@SiO2 membrane with excellent anti-fouling performance for continuous separation of oil-in-water emulsion

As the most significant target of membrane separation, the inadequacy of permeability and anti-fouling frequently constrain the application of the membrane in actual oily wastewater. Herein, a novel concept of membrane surface construction was proposed to mitigate this intractable problem, using SiO₂ as the support layer and graphene oxide (GO) as the isolation layer. The best co-localization proportion of the support layer (56 mg/L) and isolation layer (3.5 mg/L) was determined by the separation performance of the modified membranes for the simulated emulsion. The thin GO layer could effectively prevent contaminants from entering the membrane pores without affecting its roughness. Based on the synergistic action of the isolation layer and support layer, the GO@SiO₂ membrane could well implement emulsion purification with a stable permeability (654.11 LMHB) and high separation efficiency (99.41%). The superior anti-fouling performance of the membrane ensures its long-term cycling stability, with the permeability recovery rate of 89.75% (low-density oil) and 90.41% (high-density oil) after 10 repeated cycles. The storage stability also indirectly increases its value in practical applications. More importantly, the GO@SiO₂ membrane also shows great potential for industrial emulsion treatment with excellent purification and cycling stability (permeability recovery rate of 84.01%).