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Suyambulingam I, Sudherson DPS, Perumal SN, Perumal SN. Comprehensive characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from lemon grass (Cymbopogan citratus) oil extraction agro-industrial waste for cementitious composites applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132644. [PMID: 38821808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Presently, the construction industry demands components that are exceptionally strong and long-lasting. The initial important construction material is concrete, which contains between 1 % and 2 % of air voids. The structural damage caused by water that enters through the air spaces are improved with filler material. Chemical filler materials are environmentally harmful; therefore, eco-friendly materials are selected for this study. The environmentally benign character of agro-waste byproduct usage is a driving factor in the field of research. Numerous uses can be found for waste materials, especially after they have been repurposed. We used a byproduct of an essential oil extraction company, an extract made from the leaves of lemon grass (Cymbopogan citrus), in our research. Alkalization, slow pyrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and bleaching are only some of the chemical treatments that could be used to easily extract microcrystalline cellulose from the discarded waste material. In our study the chemicals used are mild harmful to the environment and a surface reactant (linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid) is utilised to bleach and purify the microcrystalline cellulose. Thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy were all used to learn more about the cellulose that had been extracted. The extracted cellulose powder comprises a high crystallinity index (68.14 %) and low crystallite size (5.13 nm) found using X-ray diffraction analysis. The smooth and porous surface is observable in scanning electron microscope analysis. The Differential scanning calorimeter curve shows the highest degradation temperature at 218.16 °C. The micro sized particles mostly range between 100 and 120 μm and are found using ImageJ. The surface roughness and permissible skewness of cellulose particles were examined using atomic force microscopy. The density of extracted cellulose is 1.092 g/cm3. The microcrystalline cellulose yield % was notably maximum (40.45 %). This cellulose was introduced in a M30 grade cement concrete as fillers up to 5 % by the weight of cement. The fresh and mechanical properties of the concrete was found to get improved with the addition of cellulose up to 3 %. As a result, the characteristics of cellulose boost its utility within the construction sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunesh Narayana Perumal
- Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Palkulam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 629401, India
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2
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Javed M, Xu Y, Sun H, Hao H, Li D, Matloob A, Xiaowei Y, Luo Z. Camellia Oleifera shells derived nano cellulose crystals conjugated with gallic acid as a sustainable Pickering emulsion stabilizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:131831. [PMID: 38702246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Lately, emulsions with low-fat and natural stabilizers are predominant. This study extracted the nano cellulose crystals (NCs) from Camellia Oleifera shells, and their gallic acid (GA) conjugates were synthesized by free-radical grafting. Pickering emulsions were prepared using NCs 1 %, 1.5 %, 2.5 %, and gallic acid conjugates NC-GA1, NC-GA2, and NC-GA3 as stabilizers. The obtained nano cellulose crystals exhibited 18-25 nm, -40.01 ± 2.45 size, and zeta potential, respectively. The contact angle of 83.4° was exhibited by NC-GA3 conjugates. The rheological, interfacial, and microstructural properties and stability of the Pickering emulsion were explored. NC-GA3 displayed the highest absorption content of 79.12 %. Interfacial tension was drastically reduced with increasing GA concentration in NC-GA conjugates. Rheological properties suggested that the low-fat NC-GA emulsions showed a viscoelastic behavior, increased viscosity, gel-like structure, and increased antioxidant properties. Moreover, NC-GA3 displayed reduced droplet size and improved emulsion temperature and storage stability (28 days) against phase separation. POV and TBARS values were reduced with the NC-GA3 (P < 0.05). This work confirmed that grafting phenolic compounds on NCs could enhance bioactive properties, which can be used in developing low-fat functional foods. NC-GA conjugates can potentially fulfill the increasing demand for sustainable, healthy, and low-fat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Javed
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Sun
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Hao
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Anam Matloob
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiaowei
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Guangxi key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wu C, McClements DJ, Ma B, Lai Z, Wu F, Liu X, Wang P. Composite hydrogels formed from okara cellulose nanofibers and carrageenan: Fabrication and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129079. [PMID: 38161024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is great interest in converting edible agro-waste, such as okara from soybean production, into value-added products. For this study, we focus on fabricating composite hydrogels from okara cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and carrageenan (CA). We also examined the effects of TEMPO oxidation of the okara CNFs, as well as CA concentration, on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the composite hydrogels. The water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, surface tension, gel strength, and viscoelasticity of the composite microgels increased with increasing CA concentration, and it was found that the highest values were obtained for TC-CA2 hydrogel: contact angle = 43.6° and surface tension = 45.12 mN/m, which was attributed to the formation of a more regular and dense three-dimensional gel network. All the CNF-CA microgels had highly anionic ζ-potential values (-38.8 to -50.1 mV), with the magnitude of the negative charge increasing with TEMPO oxidation and carrageenan concentration. These results suggest there would be strong electrostatic repulsion between the composite hydrogels. The composite microgels produced in our work may be useful functional materials for utilization within the food industry, thereby converting a waste product into a valuable commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Wu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311300, China; Suzhou Zuoci Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215100, China.
| | | | - Bohui Ma
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhiquan Lai
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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4
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Ansari MZ, Banitaba SN, Khademolqorani S, Kamika I, Jadhav VV. Overlooked Promising Green Features of Electrospun Cellulose-Based Fibers in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43388-43407. [PMID: 38027388 PMCID: PMC10666264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are accounted as promising power tools, applicable in a wide range of energy-based equipment, from portable devices to electric vehicles. Meanwhile, approaching a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and safe LIB array has remained sluggish yet. In this regard, cellulose, as a nontoxic natural renewable polymer, has provided a stable and cohesive electrode structure with excellent mechanical stability and reduced electrode cracking or delamination during cycling. Additionally, the porous configuration of the cellulose allows for efficient and faster ion transport as a separator component. Miniaturizing cellulose and its derivatives have revealed more fabulous characteristics for the anode, cathode, and separator resulting from the increased surface-to-volume ratio and superior porosity, as well as their thin and lightweight architectures. The focal point of this review outlines the challenges relating to the extraction and electrospinning of cellulose-based nanofibers. Additionally, the efforts to employ these membranes as the LIBs' components are elucidated. Correspondingly, despite the great performance of cellulose-based LIB structures, a research gap is sensed in this era, possibly due to the difficulties in processing the electrospun cellulose fibers. Hence, this review can provide a source of recent advancements and innovations in cellulose-based electrospun LIBs for researchers who aim to develop versatile battery structures using green materials, worthwhile, and eco-friendly processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zahid Ansari
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam
University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seyedeh Nooshin Banitaba
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University
of Technology, Tehran 159163-4311, Iran
- Emerald
Experts Laboratory, Isfahan Science and
Technology Town, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khademolqorani
- Emerald
Experts Laboratory, Isfahan Science and
Technology Town, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute
for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering,
and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Vijaykumar V. Jadhav
- Guandong
Province Key Laboratory of Materials Science and Technologies for
Energy Conversion, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Guangdong
Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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Dai L, Cui C, Yang M, Jiang S, Lan J, Guo R. Bamboo charcoal fiber bundles loaded MOF-derived magnetic Co/CoO porous polyhedron for efficiently catalytic degradation of tetracyclines hydrochloride. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2033-2053. [PMID: 37906457 PMCID: wst_2023_323 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The health of living things and the ecosystem of the planet have both been negatively impacted by antibiotic residue in the water environment. There has been a lot of interest in the catalyst made of metal-carbon compounds from MOFs as a potential solution for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce reactive oxygen species to catalyze the degradation of residual antibiotics. In this study, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-67) on bamboo fiber bundles (BFB) were pyrolyzed to produce magnetic Co/CoO nanoparticles with porous polyhedrons mounted on bamboo charcoal fiber bundles (BCFB)(BCFB@PCo/CoO). Specific surface area of obtained BCFB@PCo/CoO with abundant active sites arrives at 302.41 m2/g. The catalytic degradation efficiency of Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), a target contaminant, could reach up to 99.94% within 15 minutes (PMS = 0.4g/L, Cat. = 0.2g/L). The effects of potential factors, including PMS dosage, interference ions, and temperature, on catalytic degradation efficiencies were investigated. Magnetic recovery and antimicrobial properties of the BCFB@PCo/CoO were also evaluated and the possible degradation pathways were explored. Catalytic mechanism explorations of BCFB@PCo/CoO/PMS system reveal MOF-derived magnetic Co/CoO nanoparticles embedded in BCFB promote the synergistic interaction of both radicals and non-radical pathways for catalytic degradation of TCH. The novel BCFB@PCo/CoO provides an alternative to deal with wastewater containing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanling Dai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Ce Cui
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianwu Lan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Ronghui Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production (ERC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi, China
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6
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Sharma N, Allardyce BJ, Rajkhowa R, Agrawal R. Rice straw-derived cellulose: a comparative study of various pre-treatment technologies and its conversion to nanofibres. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16327. [PMID: 37770522 PMCID: PMC10539515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice straw is a waste product generated after the harvesting of rice crops and is commonly disposed of by burning it off in open fields. This study explored the potential for the extraction and conversion of cellulose to cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) to be used as smart delivery systems for fertilizers applications. In this study, alkali, steam explosion, and organosolv treatments were investigated for cellulose extraction efficiency. The morphological characterization of cellulose showed smooth fibrillar structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy represented significant removal of non-cellulosic components in treatments. The crystallinity increased from 52.2 to 65% in CNFs after fibrillation. Cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) had an average diameter of 37.4 nm and - 25.2 mV surface charges as determined by SEM and zeta potential, respectively, which have desired properties for holding fertilizers. Therefore, this study paves the way for value-added uses of rice straw as alternatives to current environmentally harmful practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, Gual Pahari, Gurugram, India
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, Gual Pahari, Gurugram, India.
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7
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Tian J, Zheng C, Khan MR, Guo J, Zhu W, Jin Y, Xiao H, Song J, Rojas OJ. High throughput disassembly of cellulose nanoribbons and colloidal stabilization of gel-like Pickering emulsions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121000. [PMID: 37230640 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a strategy to disintegrate cellulose microfibrils present in the cell walls of plant fibers. The process includes impregnation and mild oxidation followed by ultrasonication, which loosens the hydrophilic planes of crystalline cellulose while preserving the hydrophobic ones. The resultant molecularly-sized cellulose structures (cellulose ribbons, CR) retain a length of the order of a micron (1.47 ± 0.48 μm, AFM). A very high axial aspect ratio is determined (at least 190), considering the CR height (0.62 ± 0.38 nm, AFM), corresponding to 1-2 cellulose chains, and width (7.64 ± 1.82 nm, TEM). The new molecularly-thin cellulose proposes excellent hydrophilicity and flexibility, enabling a remarkable viscosifying effect when dispersed in aqueous media (shear-thinning, zero shear viscosity of 6.3 × 105 mPa·s). As such, CR suspensions readily develop into gel-like Pickering emulsions in the absence of crosslinking, suitable for direct ink writing at ultra-low solids content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcheng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chenyu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Zhao J, Yuan X, Wu X, Liu L, Guo H, Xu K, Zhang L, Du G. Preparation of Nanocellulose-Based Aerogel and Its Research Progress in Wastewater Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083541. [PMID: 37110772 PMCID: PMC10144172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the fast expansion of the economy and industry results in a considerable volume of wastewater being released, severely affecting water quality and the environment. It has a significant influence on the biological environment, both terrestrial and aquatic plant and animal life, and human health. Therefore, wastewater treatment is a global issue of great concern. Nanocellulose's hydrophilicity, easy surface modification, rich functional groups, and biocompatibility make it a candidate material for the preparation of aerogels. The third generation of aerogel is a nanocellulose-based aerogel. It has unique advantages such as a high specific surface area, a three-dimensional structure, is biodegradable, has a low density, has high porosity, and is renewable. It has the opportunity to replace traditional adsorbents (activated carbon, activated zeolite, etc.). This paper reviews the fabrication of nanocellulose-based aerogels. The preparation process is divided into four main steps: the preparation of nanocellulose, gelation of nanocellulose, solvent replacement of nanocellulose wet gel, and drying of nanocellulose wet aerogel. Furthermore, the research progress of the application of nanocellulose-based aerogels in the adsorption of dyes, heavy metal ions, antibiotics, organic solvents, and oil-water separation is reviewed. Finally, the development prospects and future challenges of nanocellulose-based aerogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xushuo Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Kaimeng Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Guanben Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Khan MJ, Karim Z, Charnnok B, Poonsawat T, Posoknistakul P, Laosiripojana N, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Fabrication and Characterization of Functional Biobased Membranes from Postconsumer Cotton Fabrics and Palm Waste for the Removal of Dyes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076030. [PMID: 37047002 PMCID: PMC10094564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile industries currently face vast challenges for the active removal of colored wastewater. Indeed, sustainable, recyclable, and green approaches are still lacking to achieve this aim. Thus, the present study explored the utilization of highly functional, green, recyclable, fully bio-based, and cost-effective composite membranes from post-consumer cotton fabrics and palm waste for wastewater treatment purposes. Highly functional cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were produced from waste cotton fabrics and filter paper using an acid hydrolysis technique. The yield of nanofibers extracted from waste cotton fabrics and filter paper was 76.74 and 54.50%, respectively. The physical, chemical, and structural properties of nanofibers were studied using various advanced analytical techniques. The properties of isolated nanofibers were almost similar and comparable to those of commercial nanofibers. The surface charge densities were -94.0, -80.7, and -90.6 mV for the nanofibers of palm waste, cotton fibers, and filter paper, respectively. After membrane fabrication using vacuum and hot-pressing techniques, the characteristics of the membrane were analyzed. The results showed that the average pore size of the palm-waste membrane was 1.185 nm, while it was 1.875 nm for membrane from waste cotton fibers and filter paper. Congo red and methylene blue dyes were used as model solutions to understand the behavior of available functional groups and the surface ζ-potential of the membrane frameworks' interaction. The membrane made from palm waste had the highest dye removal efficiency, and it was 23% for Congo red and 44% for methylene blue. This study provides insights into the challenges associated with the use of postconsumer textile and agricultural waste, which can be potentially used in high-performance liquid filtration devices for a more sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Zoheb Karim
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, SE-89122 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Boonya Charnnok
- Department of Specialized Engineering, Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90110, Thailand
| | - Thiprada Poonsawat
- Department of Science and Bioinnovation, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Art and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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10
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Extraction and Characterization of Fiber and Cellulose from Ethiopian Linseed Straw: Determination of Retting Period and Optimization of Multi-Step Alkaline Peroxide Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020469. [PMID: 36679349 PMCID: PMC9912263 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flax is a commercial crop grown in many parts of the world both for its seeds and for its fibers. The seed-based flax variety (linseed) is considered less for its fiber after the seed is extracted. In this study, linseed straw was utilized and processed to extract fiber and cellulose through optimization of retting time and a multi-step alkaline peroxide extraction process using the Taguchi design of experiment (DOE). Effects of retting duration on fiber properties as well as effects of solvent concentration, reaction temperature, and time on removal of non-cellulosic fiber components were studied using the gravimetric technique, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal studies. Based on these findings, retting for 216 h at room temperature should offer adequate retting efficiency and fiber characteristics; 70% cellulose yield was extracted successfully from linseed straw fiber using 75% ethanol-toluene at 98 °C for 4 h, 6% NaOH at 75 °C for 30 min, and 6% H2O2 at 90 °C for 120 min.
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11
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Mishra S, Prabhakar B, Kharkar PS, Pethe AM. Banana Peel Waste: An Emerging Cellulosic Material to Extract Nanocrystalline Cellulose. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1140-1145. [PMID: 36643532 PMCID: PMC9835158 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained attention due to its versatile properties such as biocompatibility, sustainability, high aspect ratio, and abundance of -OH groups that favor modifications of NCC. The objective of this paper is to develop NCC by extracting and characterizing NCC prepared from banana peel powder (BPP). BPP was subjected to alkali and bleaching treatment to remove lignin and hemicellulose and then subjected to acid hydrolysis to prepare NCC. Under optimal conditions (200 mL of sulfuric acid 55% v/v at 50 °C for 60 min), the NCC yield was found to be 29.9%. The particle size and zeta potential of the NCC were found to be 209 nm and -43 mV, respectively. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose from BPP after the alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed needle-shaped crystals and transmission electron microscopy showed particles in the nano range. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystallinity index of NCC was 64.12% while keeping the cellulose I crystal structure intact. Thermogravimetric analysis showed good stability which paves way for NCC to be explored for various applications. All the parameters evaluated indicated that NCC was successfully prepared from BPP using alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- Shobhaben
Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V. L Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai400056, India
| | - Bala Prabhakar
- Shobhaben
Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V. L Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai400056, India
| | - Prashant S. Kharkar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of
Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai400019, India
| | - Anil M. Pethe
- Datta
Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra442004, India
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12
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Lin P, Xia Y, Liu Z. Influence of Different Activators on the Structure and Properties of Activated Carbon Based on Bamboo Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245500. [PMID: 36559866 PMCID: PMC9788235 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of different activators on the structure and properties of the prepared activated carbon, bamboo fiber-based activated carbons (BFACs) were prepared by four activators of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, zinc chloride, and diammonium biphosphate (BFAC-H3PO4, BFAC-H4P2O7, BFAC-ZnCl2, and BFAC-(NH4)2HPO4) and BFACs adsorption performance and electrochemical properties were investigated. The main conclusions were: the specific surface area of the four BFACs varies greatly, among which BFAC-ZnCl2 was the highest, at 1908.5074 m2/g, and BFAC-(NH4)2HPO4 was the lowest, at 641.5941 m2/g. In terms of the pore structure, BFAC-H3PO4 and BFAC-H4P2O7 are mainly mesopores and BFAC-ZnCl2 and BFAC-(NH4)2HPO4 are mainly micropores. The BFAC-ZnCl2 sample had the largest specific capacitance, with a specific capacitance of 121.2730 F/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g, with a small internal resistance and good electrochemical reversibility and capacitance performance. The adsorption properties were better for BFAC-ZnCl2 and BFAC-H3PO4 and the adsorption amounts were 648.75 and 548.75 mg/g, respectively.
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Maheri H, Hashemzadeh F, Shakibapour N, Kamelniya E, Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Mokaberi P, Chamani J. Glucokinase activity enhancement by cellulose nanocrystals isolated from jujube seed: A novel perspective for type II diabetes mellitus treatment (In vitro). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Soleimani S, Heydari A, Fattahi M. Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Waste Cotton Fibers Using Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Soleimani
- Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Amir Heydari
- Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Moslem Fattahi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum University of Technology Abadan Iran
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15
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Zhang Y, Liao J, Li J, Guo S, Mo L, Liu Z, Xiong Q. Synthesis of a robust, water-stable, and biodegradable pulp foam by poly-lactic acid coating towards a zero-plastic earth. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119450. [PMID: 35561800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable cellulosic pulp foams with robustness and water resistance are urgently needed in nowadays to replace petroleum-based plastic foams for environmental sustainability. In this work, a facile protocol to fabricate robust poly-lactic acid (PLA) coated cellulose foams (PCCF) was developed through a combined water-based foaming and PLA melt-coating process using pulp as the raw material. In the synthesis, the so-called PLA coating was realized through melting PLA powders dispersed between fibers by an in-situ heating and post cooling process. Performance tests revealed that the incorporation of PLA coating significantly enhances mechanical strength, water stability, and biodegradability of the synthesized PCCF samples compared with conventional cellulosic foams. Specifically, the low-density PCCF were observed with mechanical strength up to 81.24 kPa, high water stability, and more than 95% degradation in 56 days. As the fabrication process is simple and pulp is highly cost competitive, our proposed synthesis strategy makes the PCCF a promising substitute for petroleum-based plastic foams at large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jianming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Shasha Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Lihuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Qingang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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16
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Li H, Dai J, Hu Y, Zheng H, Ge X, Guo Y, Gao S, Liu C. Improvement of
PVDF
composite membrane performance by using nanocrystals cellulose from waste pineapple leaf and
g‐C
3
N
4
. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Hemp and Product in Cold Region of Ministry of Education Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
| | - Jiliang Dai
- College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
| | - Heshan Zheng
- College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Ge
- College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Guo
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd Lianyungang People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Gao
- College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen People's Republic of China
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17
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Cai B, Mazahreh J, Ma Q, Wang F, Hu X. Ultrasound-assisted fabrication of biopolymer materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1613-1628. [PMID: 35452704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop technologies that can physically manipulate the structure of biocompatible and green polymer materials in order to tune their performance in an efficient, repeatable, easy-to-operate, chemical-free, non-contact, and highly controllable manner. Ultrasound technology produces a cavitation effect that promotes the generation of free radicals, the fracture of chemical chain segments and a rapid change of morphology. The cavitation effects are accompanied by thermal, chemical, and biological effects that interact with the material being studied. With its high efficiency, cleanliness, and reusability applications, ultrasound has a vast range of opportunity within the field of natural polymer-based materials. This work expounds the basic principle of ultrasonic cavitation and analyzes the influence that ultrasonic strength, temperature, frequency and induced liquid surface tension on the physical and chemical properties of biopolymer materials. The mechanism and the influence that ultrasonic modification has on materials is discussed, with highlighted details on the agglomeration, degradation, morphology, structure, and the mechanical properties of these novel materials from naturally derived polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Cai
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Janine Mazahreh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Computer and Electrical Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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18
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Magagula LP, Masemola CM, Ballim MA, Tetana ZN, Moloto N, Linganiso EC. Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084310. [PMID: 35457128 PMCID: PMC9025071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid population and economic growth, excessive use of fossil fuels, and climate change have contributed to a serious turn towards environmental management and sustainability. The agricultural sector is a big contributor to (lignocellulosic) waste, which accumulates in landfills and ultimately gets burned, polluting the environment. In response to the current climate-change crisis, policymakers and researchers are, respectively, encouraging and seeking ways of creating value-added products from generated waste. Recently, agricultural waste has been regularly appearing in articles communicating the production of a range of carbon and polymeric materials worldwide. The extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from biomass waste partially occupies some of the waste-recycling and management space. Further, the new materials generated from this waste promise to be effective and competitive in emerging markets. This short review summarizes recent work in the area of CNCs and CQDs synthesised from biomass waste. Synthesis methods, properties, and prospective application of these materials are summarized. Current challenges and the benefits of using biomass waste are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Precious Magagula
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Clinton Michael Masemola
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
| | - Muhammed As’ad Ballim
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Zikhona Nobuntu Tetana
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Moloto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Ella Cebisa Linganiso
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
- Correspondence: or
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Parra-Campos A, Serna-Cock L, Solanilla-Duque JF. Effect of the addition of fique bagasse microparticles in obtaining a biobased material based on cassava starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:289-298. [PMID: 35259438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate accumulation of plastic waste has prompted research that leads to obtaining biobased materials. The research aim was to evaluate the effect of incorporating fique bagasse microparticles (FBM) in a cassava starch-based foamed material. First, the FBM extraction conditions were established by acid hydrolysis, for which the effect of acid concentration (5, 10 and 15% H2SO4), temperature (70, 80 and 90 °C) and extraction time (3, 5 and 7 h) on particle size, functional groups, color, and thermal properties was evaluated. The addition of FBM to the foamed material was then carried out. To do this, a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25% FBM) was evaluated. The response variables were the apparent density, expansion and spring index, compressibility, water absorption, thermal properties and FTIR. The results showed that the acid concentration, temperature and time had an effect on the morphological, chemical and thermal properties of FBM, with 10%, 70 °C and 7 h being the conditions that allowed obtaining the smallest particle size (61.69 ± 12.88 μm2). Moreover, the FBM concentration had a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the foam, unleashing the treatment properties of 0.75%. This indicates that FBM have potential for use in obtaining biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Parra-Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, 763533, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Liliana Serna-Cock
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, 763533, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
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20
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Patiño Vidal C, Velásquez E, Galotto MJ, López de Dicastillo C. Development of an antibacterial coaxial bionanocomposite based on electrospun core/shell fibers loaded with ethyl lauroyl arginate and cellulose nanocrystals for active food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Potential of Using Amazon Natural Fibers to Reinforce Cementitious Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030647. [PMID: 35160636 PMCID: PMC8840473 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The engineering application of natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) has been intensifying all over the world due to their low cost and abundance, as well as their being eco-friendly and presenting favorable technological properties in polymeric and cementitious composites. Brazil, especially the Amazon region, owing to its climate and geographic position, has an abundant variety of NLFs that are still unexplored with great potential for use in various composite materials and applications such as civil construction, automobile parts and armor. Therefore, this review aims to establish a parallel between the technological properties of cementitious composites reinforced with Amazon NLFs, both in fresh and hardened states, and to analyze, compare results and contribute to a better understanding of the similarities and differences between the types of reinforcements. A relevant contribution of this review is the possibility of improving knowledge about Amazon NLFs, showing their potential for application in eco-friendly materials, in addition to contributing to studies with new NLFs not yet applied in composite. For this, it was necessary to carry out a literature survey on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of cementitious composites reinforced with NLFs, in addition to analyzing case studies involving fibers such as curaua, açai, bamboo, jute and sisal. It can be concluded that the physical and chemical characteristics of the Amazon NLFs directly influence the technological properties of cementitious compounds, such as mechanical strength and water absorption. However, there might be a need for surface treatment aimed at improving adhesion and durability of the cementitious composite. Finally, some suggestions for future research work are highlighted in order to show the need to continue investigations on the application of Amazon NLFs in cementitious composites.
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22
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Kadir NHA, Mohammad M, Alam M, Torkashvand M, Silvaragi TGB, Gururuloo SL. Utilization of nanocellulose fibers, nanocrystalline cellulose and bacterial cellulose in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PAPER AND WOOD ENGINEERING 2022:409-470. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85835-9.00025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Samrot AV, Purohit K, Saigeetha S, Shobana N, Stalin Dhas T, Jane Cypriyana P. Citrus sinensis cellulose fibres incorporated with SPIONs for effective removal of crystal violet dye. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang K, Wang W, Zhao K, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li Y. Recent development in foodborne nanocellulose: Preparation, properties, and applications in food industry. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Debnath B, Haldar D, Purkait MK. A critical review on the techniques used for the synthesis and applications of crystalline cellulose derived from agricultural wastes and forest residues. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118537. [PMID: 34560949 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the growing energy crisis of the 21st century, the utilization of bio-based materials has become a field of high research endeavour. In view of that, the present review paper is focused on different techniques that are frequently explored for the synthesis of value-added crystalline derivatives of cellulose like MCC and NCC from agricultural wastes and forest residues. Moreover, a comparative analysis between thermochemical and biochemical methods is carried out for such valorization of biomass considering the mechanism involved with various reactions. Further, a critical analysis is performed on various individual techniques specifically used for the applications of MCC and NCC in different fields including environmental, polymer industry, pharmaceutical and other emerging sectors. This article will assist the readers not only to explore new biomass sources but also provides an in-depth insight on various green and cost-effective methods for sustainable production of crystalline cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banhisikha Debnath
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Mihir Kumar Purkait
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) dual-layer membranes with cellulose nanowhisker for heavy metal ion separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:654-664. [PMID: 34655581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) dual-layer membranes filled with 0-3 wt% cellulose nanowhisker (CNWs) were fabricated with aim to remove metal ions from wastewater. An integrated method was employed in the membrane fabrication process by combining water vapor-induced and crystallization-induced phase inversions. The membrane thickness was measured in between 11 and 13 μm, which did not pose significant flux deviation during filtration process. The 3% CNW filled membrane showed prominent and well-laminated two layers structure. Meanwhile, the increase in CNWs from 0 to 3% loadings could improve the membrane porosity (43-74%) but reducing pore size (2.45-0.54 μm). The heat resistance of neat membrane enhanced by 1% CNW but decreased with loadings of 2-3% CNWs due to flaming behavior of sulphated nanocellulose. Membrane with 3% CNW displayed the tensile strength (23.5 MPa), elongation at break (7.1%), and Young's modulus (0.75 GPa) as compared to other samples. For wastewater filtration performance, the continuous operation test showed that 3% CNW filled membrane exhibited the highest removal efficiency for both cobalt and nickel metal ions reaching to 83% and 84%, respectively. We concluded that CNWs filled dual-layer membranes have potential for future development in the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater streams.
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Cui F, Li H, Chen C, Wang Z, Liu X, Jiang G, Cheng T, Bai R, Song L. Cattail fibers as source of cellulose to prepare a novel type of composite aerogel adsorbent for the removal of enrofloxacin in wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:171-181. [PMID: 34509521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cattail was researched as a natural cellulose source to extract cellulose. Dewaxing, alkali and bleaching treatments were carried out for the cattail fibers (CFs). The FTIR, SEM and XRD results indicated that hemicellulose and lignin were successfully removed from the CFs, and the content of cattail cellulose increased from 41.66 ± 1.11% to 89.72 ± 1.07%. Subsequently, cellulose aerogel was prepared by the extracted cattail cellulose. The Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was uniformly loaded onto the surface of cellulose aerogel by the in situ growth, and ZIF-8 Cattail Cellulose Aerogel (ZCCA) was finally prepared. The SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA results further confirmed the successful preparation of ZCCA. Additionally, the results of the adsorption experiment showed that ZCCA had excellent adsorption performance for enrofloxacin, and the maximum adsorption capacity of enrofloxacin reached 172.09 mg·g-1 while showing good reusability. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of enrofloxacin was a spontaneous endothermic reaction and that the adsorption mechanism involves the interaction of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and π-π stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Huidong Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Zhixia Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Gang Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Tianjia Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Runying Bai
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
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Handoko F, Yusuf Y. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Poly(vinyl) Alcohol Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Waste. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237154. [PMID: 34885307 PMCID: PMC8658244 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to utilize cellulose from tea waste as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is used as a filler in poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. To obtain the NCC, a chemical process was conducted in the form of alkali treatment, followed by bleaching and hydrolysis. Nanocomposites were formed by mixing PVA with various NCC suspensions. With chemical treatment, lignin and hemicellulose can be removed from the tea waste to obtain NCC. This can be seen in the functional groups of cellulose and the increase in crystallinity. The NCC had a mean diameter of 6.99 ± 0.50 nm. Furthermore, the addition of NCC to the PVA nanocomposite influenced the properties of the nanocomposites. This can be seen in the general increase in opacity value, thermal and mechanical properties, and crystallinity, as well as the decrease in the value of the swelling ratio after adding NCC. This study has revealed that NCC from tea waste can be used to improve the physicochemical properties of PVA film.
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Pavalaydon K, Ramasawmy H, Surroop D. Comparative evaluation of cellulose nanocrystals from bagasse and coir agro-wastes for reinforcing PVA-based composites. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2021; 24:9963-9984. [PMID: 34629941 PMCID: PMC8490967 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase resilience of planters against climate change and bring additional economic benefits, agro-wastes can be exploited for extracting nanocellulose to produce eco-friendly composites. This paper focused on extracting nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse and coir (cocos nucifera) using chemical methods including mercerisation, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. Taguchi Design of Experiment showed that the optimum alkaline treatment conditions of bagasse were at 2 wt% NaOH at 90 °C for 16 h. The morphological changes occurring along each treatment stage were observed using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The differences in the nanoparticles extracted from the two biomass were studied through the determination of crystallinity indexes and particle size. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from coir exhibited a total crystallinity index (TCI) of 1.03 and an average particle size of 137.3 nm while CNCs extracted from sugarcane bagasse under similar treatment conditions had a TCI of 0.85 and an average particle size of around 48 µm. Dynamic Light Scattering findings showed risks of agglomeration after freeze drying. Bio-nanocomposite films with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as matrix were manufactured by the solvent casting process. The highest tensile strength (38.2 MPa) was obtained for CNCs extracted from coir at a CNC/PVA loading of 0.5 wt%, representing a 96.9% increase in the tensile strength as compared to the unreinforced PVA matrix. This study showed that sugarcane bagasse and coir are suitable sources of nanocellulose and can be used to prepare bio-composites with considerably high tensile strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnavani Pavalaydon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Hareenanden Ramasawmy
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Dinesh Surroop
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
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Yang K, Li L, Lou Y, Zhu C, Li X, Gao Z. A regulatory network driving shoot lignification in rapidly growing bamboo. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:900-916. [PMID: 34608957 PMCID: PMC8491019 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Woody bamboo is environmentally friendly, abundant, and an alternative to conventional timber. Degree of lignification and lignin content and deposition affect timber properties. However, the lignification regulatory network in monocots is poorly understood. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of lignification in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), we conducted integrated analyses using transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome sequencing followed by experimental verification. The lignification degree and lignin content increased with increased bamboo shoot height, whereas phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and Laccase activities first increased and then decreased with shoot growth. Moreover, we identified 11,504 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different portions of the 13th internodes of different height shoots; most DEGs associated with cell wall and lignin biosynthesis were upregulated, whereas some DEGs related to cell growth were downregulated. We identified a total of 1,502 miRNAs, of which 687 were differentially expressed. Additionally, in silico and degradome analyses indicated that 5,756 genes were targeted by 691 miRNAs. We constructed a regulatory network of lignification, including 11 miRNAs, 22 transcription factors, and 36 enzyme genes, in moso bamboo. Furthermore, PeLAC20 overexpression increased lignin content in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Finally, we proposed a reliable miRNA-mediated "MYB-PeLAC20" module for lignin monomer polymerization. Our findings provide definite insights into the genetic regulation of bamboo lignification. In addition to providing a platform for understanding related mechanisms in other monocots, these insights could be used to develop strategies to improve bamboo timber properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lichao Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yongfeng Lou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
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31
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Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Microcrystalline Cellulose of Date Palm Fibers as a Promising Candidate for Bio-Nanocomposites: Isolation and Characterization. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185313. [PMID: 34576536 PMCID: PMC8472803 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Date palm fiber (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a natural biopolymer rich in lignocellulosic components. Its high cellulose content lends them to the extraction of tiny particles like microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). These cellulose-derived small size particles can be used as an alternative biomaterial in wide fields of application due to their renewability and sustainability. In the present work, NCC (A) and NCC (B) were isolated from date palm MCC at 60 min and 90 min hydrolysis times, respectively. The isolated NCC product was subjected to characterization to study their properties differences. With the hydrolysis treatment, the yields of produced NCC could be attained at between 22% and 25%. The infrared-ray functional analysis also revealed the isolated NCC possessed a highly exposed cellulose compartment with minimized lignoresidues of lignin and hemicellulose. From morphology evaluation, the nanoparticles’ size was decreased gradually from NCC (A) (7.51 nm width, 139.91 nm length) to NCC (B) (4.34 nm width, 111.51 nm length) as a result of fragmentation into cellulose fibrils. The crystallinity index was found increasing from NCC (A) to NCC (B). With 90 min hydrolysis time, NCC (B) showed the highest crystallinity index of 71% due to its great cellulose rigidity. For thermal analysis, NCC (B) also exhibited stable heat resistance, in associating with its highly crystalline cellulose structure. In conclusion, the NCC isolated from date palm MCC would be a promising biomaterial for various applications such as biomedical and food packaging applications.
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Okara nanocellulose fabricated using combined chemical and mechanical treatments: Structure and properties. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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33
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Changling Wu, McClements DJ, He M, Fan Z, Li Y, Teng F. Preparation of okara cellulose hydrogels using ionic liquids: Structure, properties, and performance. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rasheed M, Jawaid M, Parveez B. Bamboo Fiber Based Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1076. [PMID: 33805433 PMCID: PMC8038013 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 1 wt.%; however, their elongation at break decreases. Thus, CNC addition in PLA-PBS matrix improves structural and thermal properties of the composite. The composite, thus developed, using CNC (a natural fiber) and PLA-PBS (biodegradable polymers) could be of immense importance as they could allow complete degradation in soil, making it a potential alternative material to existing packaging materials in the market that could be environment friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrat Rasheed
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Bisma Parveez
- Kulliyan of Engineering (KOE), Islamic International University Malaysia, Gombak 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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Mohamed SH, Hossain MS, Mohamad Kassim MH, Ahmad MI, Omar FM, Balakrishnan V, Zulkifli M, Yahaya ANA. Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040626. [PMID: 33669623 PMCID: PMC7922772 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an interest in the sustainable utilization of waste cotton cloths because of their enormous volume of generation and high cellulose content. Waste cotton cloths generated are disposed of in a landfill, which causes environmental pollution and leads to the waste of useful resources. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from waste cotton cloths collected from a landfill. The waste cotton cloths collected from the landfill were sterilized and cleaned using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) technology. The cellulose was extracted from scCO2-treated waste cotton cloths using alkaline pulping and bleaching processes. Subsequently, the CNCs were isolated using the H2SO4 hydrolysis of cellulose. The isolated CNCs were analyzed to determine the morphological, chemical, thermal, and physical properties with various analytical methods, including attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the isolated CNCs had a needle-like structure with a length and diameter of 10–30 and 2–6 nm, respectively, and an aspect ratio of 5–15, respectively. Additionally, the isolated CNCs had a high crystallinity index with a good thermal stability. The findings of the present study revealed the potential of recycling waste cotton cloths to produce a value-added product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Mohamed
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.); (M.I.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (A.N.A.Y.); Tel.: +60-46535206 (M.S.H.); +60-65512146 (A.N.A.Y.); Fax: +60-46533678 (M.S.H.); +60-65512001 (A.N.A.Y.)
| | | | - Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Fatehah Mohd Omar
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Muzafar Zulkifli
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur-Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL-MICET), Melaka 78000, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur-Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL-MICET), Melaka 78000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (A.N.A.Y.); Tel.: +60-46535206 (M.S.H.); +60-65512146 (A.N.A.Y.); Fax: +60-46533678 (M.S.H.); +60-65512001 (A.N.A.Y.)
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