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Akpinar Z, Karaoglu H. Characterization of a highly thermostable recombinant xylanase from Anoxybacillus ayderensis. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106478. [PMID: 38570105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Xylanases are the main enzymes to hydrolyze xylan, the major hemicellulose found in lignocellulose. Xylanases also have a wide range of industrial applications. Therefore, the discovery of new xylanases has the potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in many industries. Here, we report a xylanase with thermophilic character and superior biochemical properties for industrial use. The new xylanase is discovered in Anoxybacillus ayderensis as an intracellular xylanase (AAyXYN329) and recombinantly produced. While AAyXYN329 shows significant activity over a wide pH and temperature range, optimum activity conditions were determined as pH 6.5 and 65 °C. The half-life of the enzyme was calculated as 72 h at 65 °C. The enzyme did not lose activity between pH 6.0-9.0 at +4 °C for 75 days. Km, kcat and kcat/Km values of AAyXYN329 were calculated as 4.09824 ± 0.2245 μg/μL, 96.75 1/sec, and 23.61/L/g.s -1, respectively. In conclusion, the xylanase of A. ayderensis has an excellent potential to be utilized in many industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Akpinar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Karaoglu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
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2
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Bhattacharya R, Arora S, Ghosh S. Bioprocess optimization for food-grade cellulolytic enzyme production from sorghum waste in a novel solid-state fermentation bioreactor for enhanced apple juice clarification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120781. [PMID: 38608570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Transforming global agricultural waste into eco-friendly products like industrial enzymes through bioconversion can help address sustainability challenges aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Present study explored the production of high-yield food-grade cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma reesei MTCC 4876, using a novel media formulation with a combination of waste sorghum grass and cottonseed oil cake (3:1). Optimization of physical and environmental parameters, along with the screening and optimization of media components, led to an upscaled process in a novel 6-L solid-state fermentation (SSF)-packed bed reactor (PBR) with a substrate loading of 200 g. Saturated forced aeration proved crucial, resulting in high fungal biomass (31.15 ± 0.63 mg glucosamine/gm dry fermented substrate) and high yield cellulase (20.64 ± 0.36 FPU/g-ds) and xylanase (16,186 ± 912 IU/g-ds) production at an optimal airflow rate of 0.75 LPM. The PBR exhibited higher productivity than shake flasks for all the enzyme systems. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration of the crude cellulolytic extract achieved 94% and 71% recovery, respectively, with 13.54 FPU/mL activity in the cellulolytic enzyme concentrate. The concentrate displayed stability across wide pH and temperature ranges, with a half-life of 24.5-h at 50 °C. The cellulase concentrate, validated for food-grade safety, complies with permissible limits for potential pathogens, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticide residue. It significantly improved apple juice clarity (94.37 T%) by reducing turbidity (21%) and viscosity (99%) while increasing total reducing sugar release by 63% compared with untreated juice. The study also highlighted the potential use of lignin-rich fermented end residue for fuel pellets within permissible SOx emission limits, offering sustainable biorefinery prospects. Utilizing agro wastes in a controlled bioreactor environment underscores the potential for efficient large-scale cellulase production, enabling integration into food-grade applications and presenting economic benefits to fruit juice industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raikamal Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Sidharth Arora
- Fermentech Labs Pvt. Ltd, TIDES Business Incubator, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Li K, Liang Y, Fang J, Peng J, Tan M. Chitin Deacetylase from Bacillus aryabhattai TCI-16: Heterologous Expression, Characterization, and Deacetylation Performance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38597933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chitin deacetylase (CDA) removes the acetyl group from the chitin molecule to generate chitosan in a uniform, high-quality deacetylation pattern. Herein, BaCDA was a novel CDA discovered from our previously isolated Bacillus aryabhattai strain TCI-16, which was excavated from mangrove soil. The gene BaCDA was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to facilitate its subsequent purification. The purified recombinant protein BaCDA was obtained at a concentration of about 1.2 mg/mL after Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of BaCDA was around 28 kDa according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. In addition, BaCDA exhibited a significant deacetylation effect on colloidal chitin, and the deacetylation degree was measured from the initial 25.69 to 69.23% by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the surface of colloidal chitin after enzymatic digestion was rough, the crystal fibers disappeared, and the chitin structure was loose and porous with grooves. The results of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) showed that BaCDA had full-deacetylation activity against (GlcNAc)4. Molecular docking revealed that BaCDA had an open active pocket capable of binding to the GlcNAc unit. This study not only provides a novel enzymatic resource for the green and efficient application of chitin but also helps to deepen the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of CDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yingyin Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jianhao Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jieying Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Minghui Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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4
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Salzano F, Aulitto M, Fiorentino G, Cannella D, Peeters E, Limauro D. A novel endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Alicyclobacillus mali FL18: Biochemical characterization and its synergistic action with β-xylosidase in hemicellulose deconstruction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130550. [PMID: 38432267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A novel endo-1,4-β-xylanase-encoding gene was identified in Alicyclobacillus mali FL18 and the recombinant protein, named AmXyn, was purified and biochemically characterized. The monomeric enzyme worked optimally at pH 6.6 and 80 °C on beechwood xylan with a specific activity of 440.00 ± 0.02 U/mg and a good catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM = 91.89 s-1mLmg-1). In addition, the enzyme did not display any activity on cellulose, suggesting a possible application in paper biobleaching processes. To develop an enzymatic mixture for xylan degradation, the association between AmXyn and the previously characterized β-xylosidase AmβXyl, deriving from the same microorganism, was assessed. The two enzymes had similar temperature and pH optima and showed the highest degree of synergy when AmXyn and AmβXyl were added sequentially to beechwood xylan, making this mixture cost-competitive and suitable for industrial use. Therefore, this enzymatic cocktail was also employed for the hydrolysis of wheat bran residue. TLC and HPAEC-PAD analyses revealed a high conversion rate to xylose (91.56 %), placing AmXyn and AmβXyl among the most promising biocatalysts for the saccharification of agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Salzano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - David Cannella
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit, Biomass Transformation lab - BTL, and Crop production and Biostimulation Lab - CPBL, Universitè libre de Brussels, ULB, Belgium
| | - Eveline Peeters
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Iacovelli R, He T, Allen JL, Hackl T, Haslinger K. Genome sequencing and molecular networking analysis of the wild fungus Anthostomella pinea reveal its ability to produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2024; 11:1. [PMID: 38172933 PMCID: PMC10763133 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamentous fungi are prolific producers of bioactive molecules and enzymes with important applications in industry. Yet, the vast majority of fungal species remain undiscovered or uncharacterized. Here we focus our attention to a wild fungal isolate that we identified as Anthostomella pinea. The fungus belongs to a complex polyphyletic genus in the family of Xylariaceae, which is known to comprise endophytic and pathogenic fungi that produce a plethora of interesting secondary metabolites. Despite that, Anthostomella is largely understudied and only two species have been fully sequenced and characterized at a genomic level. RESULTS In this work, we used long-read sequencing to obtain the complete 53.7 Mb genome sequence including the full mitochondrial DNA. We performed extensive structural and functional annotation of coding sequences, including genes encoding enzymes with potential applications in biotechnology. Among others, we found that the genome of A. pinea encodes 91 biosynthetic gene clusters, more than 600 CAZymes, and 164 P450s. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking analysis of the cultivation extracts revealed a rich secondary metabolism, and in particular an abundance of sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones. We also identified the polyketide antibiotic xanthoepocin, to which we attribute the anti-Gram-positive effect of the extracts that we observed in antibacterial plate assays. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results provide a first glimpse into the potential of Anthstomella pinea to provide new bioactive molecules and biocatalysts and will facilitate future research into these valuable metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iacovelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T He
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J L Allen
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, 99004, USA
| | - T Hackl
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Haslinger
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhou L, Yang X, Wang X, Feng L, Wang Z, Dai J, Zhang H, Xie Y. Effects of bacterial inoculation on lignocellulose degradation and microbial properties during cow dung composting. Bioengineered 2023; 14:213-228. [PMID: 37471462 PMCID: PMC10599258 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2185945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inoculation with exogenous microbial agents is a common method to promote organic waste degradation and improve the quality of compost. However, the biotic effects of different microbial agents are often quite different. To evaluate the potential effects of a complex bacterial agent comprised of three strains (belonging to Bacillus and Geobacillus) on lignocellulose degradation and the underlying microbial mechanisms during cow dung composting, two lab-scale composting experiments, a control and a bacterial inoculation treatment, were established. The results suggest that bacterial inoculation accelerated the rate of temperature increase and extended the thermophilic phase. Compared to those in the negative control group, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation rates in the inoculated group increased from 53.3% to 70.0%, 50.2% to 61.3%, and 46.4% to 60.0%, respectively. The microbial community structure and diversity in the compost were clearly changed by the bacterial inoculation. Moreover, stamp analysis showed that inoculation modulated the key compost microbial functional populations linked to the degradation of lignocellulose. Correlation matrix analysis indicated that the expression of bacterial lignocellulolytic enzymes is closely related to key microbial functional populations. Overall, the results confirm the importance of bacterial inoculation, and have important implications for promoting the efficiency and quality of cow dung compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jinping Dai
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Huitao Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xie
- Institute of Microbiology Applications, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, XinjiangPR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
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7
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Wang K, Huai S, Tan Z, Ngea GLN, Godana EA, Shi J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhang H. A First Expression, Purification and Characterization of Endo-β-1,3-Glucanase from Penicillium expansum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:961. [PMID: 37888217 PMCID: PMC10608044 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanase plays an important role in the biodegradation, reconstruction, and development of β-1,3-glucan. An endo-β-1,3-glucanase which was encoded by PeBgl1 was expressed, purified and characterized from Penicillium expansum for the first time. The PeBgl1 gene was amplified and transformed into the competent cells of E. coli Rosetta strain with the help of the pET-30a cloning vector. The recombinant protein PeBgl1 was expressed successfully at the induction conditions of 0.8 mmol/L IPTG at 16 °C for 16 h and then was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography. The optimum reaction temperature of PeBgl1 was 55 °C and it had maximal activity at pH 6.0 according to the enzymatic analysis. Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer (pH 6.0) and NaCl have inhibitory and enhancing effects on the enzyme activities, respectively. SDS, TritonX-100 and some metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) have an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The results showed that PeBgl1 protein has good enzyme activity at 50-60 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0, and it is not a metal dependent enzyme, which makes it robust for storage and transportation, ultimately holding great promise in green biotechnology and biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (K.W.); (S.H.); (Z.T.); (G.L.N.N.); (E.A.G.); (J.S.); (Q.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Benatti ALT, Polizeli MDLTDM. Lignocellulolytic Biocatalysts: The Main Players Involved in Multiple Biotechnological Processes for Biomass Valorization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010162. [PMID: 36677454 PMCID: PMC9864444 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human population growth, industrialization, and globalization have caused several pressures on the planet's natural resources, culminating in the severe climate and environmental crisis which we are facing. Aiming to remedy and mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment, the use of lignocellulolytic enzymes for biofuel production, food, bioremediation, and other various industries, is presented as a more sustainable alternative. These enzymes are characterized as a group of enzymes capable of breaking down lignocellulosic biomass into its different monomer units, making it accessible for bioconversion into various products and applications in the most diverse industries. Among all the organisms that produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, microorganisms are seen as the primary sources for obtaining them. Therefore, this review proposes to discuss the fundamental aspects of the enzymes forming lignocellulolytic systems and the main microorganisms used to obtain them. In addition, different possible industrial applications for these enzymes will be discussed, as well as information about their production modes and considerations about recent advances and future perspectives in research in pursuit of expanding lignocellulolytic enzyme uses at an industrial scale.
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Tian W, Zhang Z, Yang C, Li P, Xiao J, Wang R, Du P, Li N, Wang J. Engineering mesophilic GH11 xylanase from Cellulomonas flavigena by rational design of N-terminus substitution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1044291. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1044291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase, a glycoside hydrolase, is widely used in the food, papermaking, and textile industries; however, most xylanases are inactive at high temperatures. In this study, a xylanase gene, CFXyl3, was cloned from Cellulomonas flavigena and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). To improve the thermostability of xylanase, four hybrid xylanases with enhanced thermostability (designated EcsXyl1–4) were engineered from CFXyl3, guided by primary and 3D structure analyses. The optimal temperature of CFXyl3 was improved by replacing its N-terminus with the corresponding area of SyXyn11P, a xylanase that belongs to the hyperthermostable GH11 family. The optimal temperatures of the hybrid xylanases EcsXyl1–4 were 60, 60, 65, and 85°C, respectively. The optimal temperature of EcsXyl4 was 30 C higher than that of CFXyl3 (55°C) and its melting temperature was 34.5°C higher than that of CFXyl3. After the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan, the main hydrolysates were xylotetraose, xylotriose, and xylobiose; thus, these hybrid xylanases could be applied to prebiotic xylooligosaccharide manufacturing.
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Li Y, Song W, Han X, Wang Y, Rao S, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Li J, Liu S, Du G. Recent progress in key lignocellulosic enzymes: Enzyme discovery, molecular modifications, production, and enzymatic biomass saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127986. [PMID: 36126851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose, the most prevalent biomass on earth, can be enzymatically converted into carbohydrates for bioethanol production and other uses. Among lignocellulosic enzymes, endoglucanase, xylanase, and laccase are the key enzymes, owing to their ability to disrupt the main structure of lignocellulose. Recently, new discovery methods have been established to obtain key lignocellulosic enzymes with excellent enzymatic properties. Molecular modification of enzymes to modulate their thermostability, catalytic activity, and substrate specificity has been performed with protein engineering technology. In addition, the enzyme expression has been effectively improved through expression element screening and host modification, as well as fermentation optimization. Immobilization of enzymes, use of surfactants, synergistic degradation, and optimization of reaction conditions have addressed the inefficiency of enzymatic saccharification. In this review, recent advances in key lignocellulosic enzymes are summarized, along with future prospects for the development of super-engineered strains and integrative technologies for enzymatic biomass saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiyan Song
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuyue Han
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yachan Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 214122, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, SINOPEC, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Cruz-Davila J, Perez JV, Castillo DSD, Diez N. Fusarium graminearum as a producer of xylanases with low cellulases when grown on wheat bran. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 35:e00738. [PMID: 35619590 PMCID: PMC9127173 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi of cacao had important xylanase activity when grown on wheat bran. F. graminearum strain Ec220 produced xylanases with low cellulolytic activity. Xylanase production was optimized using response surface methodology. Proteomic analysis revealed similarities with previously reported xylanases.
The xylanolytic potential of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Theobroma cacao was explored for the first time. Four fungal strains showed significant amounts of xylanase activity and low cellulase levels when grown on wheat bran as the sole carbon source. Strain Ec220 of Fusarium graminearum had the highest xylanase production (1.79 U/ml), whereas its cellulase activity was minimal (0.24 U/ml). Optimal conditions for xylanase production were: 154 h of incubation time, pH 5.79 and 29.8 °C. Furthermore, two protein spots detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed molecular weights (26.05 and 27.70 kDa) and isoelectric points (6.18 and 9.20) corresponding to previously reported F. graminearum xylanases, Xyl A and Xyl B, respectively. Therefore, endophytic fungi of T. cacao can be an important source of xylanolytic activities when cultured on wheat bran, and xylanases with low cellulases found in strain Ec220 require further characterization as they show promise for possible industrial applications.
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Wu X, Shi Z, Tian W, Liu M, Huang S, Liu X, Yin H, Wang L. A thermostable and CBM2-linked GH10 xylanase from Thermobifida fusca for paper bleaching. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:939550. [PMID: 36091429 PMCID: PMC9459120 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.939550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases have the potential to be used as bio-deinking and bio-bleaching materials and their application will decrease the consumption of the chlorine-based chemicals currently used for this purpose. However, xylanases with specific properties could act effectively, such as having significant thermostability and alkali resistance, etc. In this study, we found that TfXyl10A, a xylanase from Thermobifida fusca, was greatly induced to transcript by microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) substrate. Biochemical characterization showed that TfXyl10A is optimally effective at temperature of 80 °C and pH of 9.0. After removing the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and linker regions, the optimum temperature of TfXyl10A-CD was reduced by 10°C (to 70°C), at which the enzyme’s temperature tolerance was also weakened. While truncating only the CBM domain (TfXyl10AdC) had no significant effect on its thermostability. Importantly, polysaccharide-binding experiment showed that the auxiliary domain CBM2 could specifically bind to cellulose substrates, which endowed xylanase TfXyl10A with the ability to degrade xylan surrounding cellulose. These results indicated that TfXyl10A might be an excellent candidate in bio-bleaching processes of paper industry. In addition, the features of active-site architecture of TfXyl10A in GH10 family were further analyzed. By mutating each residue at the -2 and -1 subsites to alanine, the binding force and enzyme activity of mutants were observably decreased. Interestingly, the mutant E51A, locating at the distal -3 subsite, exhibited 90% increase in relative activity compared with wild-type (WT) enzyme TfXyl10A-CD (the catalytic domain of TfXyl110A). This study explored the function of a GH10 xylanase containing a CBM2 domain and the contribution of amino acids in active-site architecture to catalytic activity. The results obtained provide guidance for the rational design of xylanases for industrial applications under high heat and alkali-based operating conditions, such as paper bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zelu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Yin, ; Lushan Wang,
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Yin, ; Lushan Wang,
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Mon ML, Marrero Díaz de Villegas R, Campos E, Soria MA, Talia PM. Characterization of a novel GH10 alkali-thermostable xylanase from a termite microbiome. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:84. [PMID: 38647897 PMCID: PMC10992782 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the biochemical and molecular structural characteristics of a novel alkali-thermostable GH10 xylanase (Xyl10B) identified in a termite gut microbiome by a shotgun metagenomic approach. This endoxylanase candidate was amplified, cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The recombinant enzyme was active at a broad range of temperatures (37-60 ºC) and pH values (4-10), with optimal activity at 50 ºC and pH 9. Moreover, its activity remained at more than 80% of its maximum at 50 °C for 8 h. In addition, Xyl10B was found to be stable in the presence of salt and several ions and chemical reagents frequently used in the industry. These characteristics make this enzyme an interesting candidate for pulp and paper bleaching industries, since this process requires enzymes without cellulase activity and resistant to high temperatures and alkaline pH (thermo-alkaliphilic enzymes). The products of xylan hydrolysis by Xyl10B (short xylooligosaccharides, xylose and xylobiose) could be suitable for application as prebiotics and in the production of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Mon
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Marrero Díaz de Villegas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Campos
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Soria
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INBA UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M Talia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Exploring competitive inhibition of a family 10 xylanase derived from Hu sheep rumen microbiota by Oryza sativa xylanase inhibitor protein: In vitro and in silico perspectives. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110082. [PMID: 35709658 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic domain of family GH10 xylanase, XYN-LXY_CD derived from Hu sheep rumen microbiota was expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The special activity of reXYN-LXY_CD in the culture supernatant was 232.56 U/mg. The optima of reXYN-LXY_CD were 53 °C and pH 7.0. Recombinant Oryza sativa xylanase inhibitor protein (rePOsXIP) competitively inhibited reXYN-LXY_CD with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 237.37 nM. The concentration of hydrolysates released from beechwood xylan by reXYN-LXY_CD reduced when rePOsXIP was added into the hydrolytic system. Fluorescence of reXYN-LXY_CD was statically quenched by rePOsXIP in a dose-dependent manner. The details in intermolecular interaction between XYN-LXY_CD and OsXIP were investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energy computation and non-covalent interactions (NCI) analysis. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals played indispensable roles in the XYN-LXY_CD/OsXIP interaction. The α-7 helix of OsXIP tightly occupied the catalytic pocket of XYN-LXY_CD with hydrogen bonding such as K239OsXIP-N261/Q292/E197XYN-LXY_CD (E197, the acid-base catalytic residue), D236OsXIP-K327XYN-LXY_CD and Q242OsXIP-E211/Q212XYN-LXY_CD. Based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), the Laplacian of electron density and core-valence bifurcation index of HZ3K239-OE2E197 were 0.1025 a.u. and 0.002218, respectively. Elucidating the mechanism underlying xylanase-inhibitor interactions might help construct XYN-LXY_CD mutants that gain resistance to XIPs and high catalytic activity, which would be more efficient in feed additives in livestock.
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Ameri R, García JL, Derenfed AB, Pradel N, Neifar S, Mhiri S, Mezghanni M, Jaouadi NZ, Barriuso J, Bejar S. Genome sequence and Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire of the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1 T. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:91. [PMID: 35598016 PMCID: PMC9124407 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omics approaches are widely applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes including whole genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify protein encoding genes including CAZymes in order to understand glycans-degrading machinery in the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T strain. Results Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, which grows between the temperatures of 55 °C and 75 °C. Next generation sequencing using Illumina technology was performed on the C. algeriensis strain resulting in 45 contigs with an average GC content of 44.9% and a total length of 2,535,023 bp. Genome annotation reveals 2425 protein-coding genes with 97 ORFs coding CAZymes. Many glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and transcriptional regulators; suggesting that CAZyme encoding genes are organized in clusters involved in polysaccharides degradation and transport. In depth analysis of CAZomes content in C. algeriensis genome unveiled 33 CAZyme gene clusters uncovering new enzyme combinations targeting specific substrates. Conclusions This study is the first targeting CAZymes repertoire of C. algeriensis, it provides insight to the high potential of identified enzymes for plant biomass degradation and their biotechnological applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01818-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Ameri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IBISBA_ES_CSIC_Cell Factory_MM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amel Bouanane Derenfed
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (Équipe de Microbiologie), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiènne, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Sawssan Neifar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Mhiri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Monia Mezghanni
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IBISBA_ES_CSIC_Cell Factory_MM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Valorization of corn cobs for xylanase production by Aspergillus flavus AW1 and its application in the production of antioxidant oligosaccharides and removal of food stain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Bankeeree W, Prasongsuk S, Lotrakul P, Abd‐Aziz S, Punnapayak H. Enzymes for Hemicellulose Degradation. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:199-220. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Gufe C, Ngenyoung A, Rattanarojpong T, Khunrae P. Investigation into the effects of CbXyn10C and Xyn11A on xylooligosaccharide profiles produced from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw and their impact on probiotic growth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126319. [PMID: 34775054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This comparative study investigated the effects of CbXyn10C and Xyn11A on xylooligosaccharide profiles produced from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice straw (RS) and their impact on probiotic growth. Generally, CbXyn10C produced more xylose and a higher total phenolic content than Xyn11A. Interestingly, XOS obtained from SCB with CbXyn10C contained significantly more gallic acid than that produced by Xn11A. All selected probiotics thrived in RS-derived XOS, regardless of the enzyme used. However, probiotics grew differently on SCB-derived XOS depending on the enzyme used. All probiotics thrived in Xyn11A-derived XOS from SCB. Only Lactobacillus plantarum thrived on CbXyn10C-derived XOS, while the other two were inhibited. Gallic acid in CbXyn10C-derived XOS from SCB has been linked to probiotic retardation, and gallic acid-enriched broth has been found to inhibit Bifidobacterium longum and Bacillus subtilis, but not L. plantarum. Consequently, the selection of enzymes and plant biomass is crucial for XOS properties and prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudious Gufe
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Apichet Ngenyoung
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand.
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Wang Y, Liu M, Li J, Wei H, Zhang K. Experimental and in silico studies of competitive inhibition of family GH10 Aspergillus fumigatus xylanase A by Oryza sativa xylanase inhibitor protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1391-1399. [PMID: 34742846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The family GH10 Aspergillus fumigatus xylanase A (AfXylA10) gene, afxyla10 was cloned and recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The optimum temperature and pH of reAfXylA10 was 53 °C and 7.0, and Mn2+ remarkably activated the catalytic activity. The recombinant Oryza sativa xylanase inhibitor protein, rePOsXIP significantly inhibited reAfXylA10 with inhibition constant (Ki) of 177.94 nM via competitive inhibition and decreased the concentration of hydrolysate from beechwood xylan. Optimal inhibition of rePOsXIP on reAfXylA10 occurred at 45 °C for 40 min. The fluorescence of reAfXylA10 was statically quenched by rePOsXIP, indicating the formation of reAfXylA10-rePOsXIP complex during their interaction. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to obtain the detailed information on enzyme-inhibitor interaction. The binding free energy (ΔG) of AfXylA10-OsXIP complex was -30 ± 9 kcal/mol by MM-PBSA calculation, and the α-7 helix of OsXIP anchored in the catalytic cleft of AfXylA10 by competition with the xylan substrate. K239OsXIP stably interacted with the catalytic site E140AfXylA10 through hydrogen bond and vdW interaction. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds T104AfXylA10/V99AfXylA10-Q5OsXIP, R256AfXylA10-E235OsXIP, D155AfXylA10-Y243OsXIP and D145AfXylA10-R194OsXIP on the upper of the TIM barrel were essential for strengthening the stability of complex. Therefore, these non-covalent interactions (NCI) played key role in the interaction between AfXylA10 and OsXIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Keer Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Ajeje SB, Hu Y, Song G, Peter SB, Afful RG, Sun F, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Abdulkhani A, Sun H. Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794304. [PMID: 34976981 PMCID: PMC8715034 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaila Boyi Ajeje
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sunday Bulus Peter
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Richmond Godwin Afful
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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21
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Multi-efficient thermostable endoxylanase from Bacillus velezensis AG20 and its production of xylooligosaccharides as efficient prebiotics with anticancer activity. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Gupta GK, Dixit M, Kapoor RK, Shukla P. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:130-143. [PMID: 34580813 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-D-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddu Kumar Gupta
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Mandeep Dixit
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Wu H, Chen Q, Zhang W, Mu W. Overview of strategies for developing high thermostability industrial enzymes: Discovery, mechanism, modification and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2057-2073. [PMID: 34445912 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1970508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysts such as enzymes are environmentally friendly and have substrate specificity, which are preferred in the production of various industrial products. However, the strict reaction conditions in industry including high temperature, organic solvents, strong acids and bases and other harsh environments often destabilize enzymes, and thus substantially compromise their catalytic functions, and greatly restrict their applications in food, pharmaceutical, textile, bio-refining and feed industries. Therefore, developing industrial enzymes with high thermostability becomes very important in industry as thermozymes have more advantages under high temperature. Discovering new thermostable enzymes using genome sequencing, metagenomics and sample isolation from extreme environments, or performing molecular modification of the existing enzymes with poor thermostability using emerging protein engineering technology have become an effective means of obtaining thermozymes. Based on the thermozymes as biocatalytic chips in industry, this review systematically analyzes the ways to discover thermostable enzymes from extreme environment, clarifies various interaction forces that will affect thermal stability of enzymes, and proposes different strategies to improve enzymes' thermostability. Furthermore, latest development in the thermal stability modification of industrial enzymes through rational design strategies is comprehensively introduced from structure-activity relationship point of view. Challenges and future research perspectives are put forward as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Singh S, Pillai S. Beauveria bassiana Xylanase: Characterization and Wastepaper Deinking Potential of a Novel Glycosyl Hydrolase from an Endophytic Fungal Entomopathogen. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080668. [PMID: 34436207 PMCID: PMC8398892 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus widely used as a biopesticide for insect control; it has also been shown to exist as an endophyte, promoting plant growth in many instances. This study highlights an alternative potential of the fungus; in the production of an industrially important biocatalyst, xylanase. In this regard, Beauveria bassiana SAN01 xylanase was purified to homogeneity and subsequently characterized. The purified xylanase was found to have a specific activity of 324.2 U·mg−1 and an estimated molecular mass of ~37 kDa. In addition, it demonstrated optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 45 °C while obeying Michaelis–Menton kinetics towards beechwood xylan with apparent Km, Vmax and kcat of 1.98 mg·mL−1, 6.65 μM·min−1 and 0.62 s−1 respectively. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Ag2+ and Fe3+ while it was significantly enhanced by Co2+ and Mg2+. Furthermore, the xylanase was shown to effectively deink wastepaper at an optimal rate of 106.72% through its enzymatic disassociation of the fiber-ink bonds as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. This is the first study to demonstrate the biotechnological application of a homogeneously purified glycosyl hydrolase from B. bassiana.
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Rahimian Gavaseraei H, Hasanzadeh R, Afsharnezhad M, Foroutan Kalurazi A, Shahangian SS, Aghamaali MR, Aminzadeh S. Identification, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cellulase-free xylanase B from the thermophilic bacterium Cohnella sp.A01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Liu Z, Shao T, Li Y, Wu B, Jia H, Hao N. Expression, Characterization and Its Deinking Potential of a Thermostable Xylanase From Planomicrobium glaciei CHR43. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:618979. [PMID: 33681158 PMCID: PMC7928332 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.618979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome mining is more and more widely used in identifying new enzymes from database. In the present study, we reported a putative xylanase, Pg-Xyn (WP_053166147.1), which originated from a psychrotolerant strain Planomicrobium glaciei CHR 43, and was identified from Genbank by genome mining. Sequence analysis and homology modeling showed that Pg-Xyn belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 10. On the basis of heterologous expression in E. coli and biochemical characterization, we found Pg-Xyn was most active at pH 9.0 and 80°C and exhibited good stability from pH 5.0 to 12.0 and below 90°C. Pg-Xyn was slightly activated in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, while it was strongly inhibited by Mn2+. The analysis of hydrolysis products showed that Pg-Xyn was an endo-β-1,4-xylanase. In addition, Pg-Xyn performed good deinking ability in a paper deinking test. In consideration of its unique properties, Pg-Xyn might be a promising candidate for application in the paper and pulp industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Wang J, Liang J, Li Y, Tian L, Wei Y. Characterization of efficient xylanases from industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment microbiota. AMB Express 2021; 11:19. [PMID: 33464408 PMCID: PMC7815853 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are widely used enzymes in the food, textile, and paper industries. Most efficient xylanases have been identified from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota, such as the microbiota of the cow rumen and the termite hindgut. Xylanase genes from efficient pulp and paper wastewater treatment (PPWT) microbiota have been previously recovered by metagenomics, assigning most of the xylanase genes to the GH10 family. In this study, a total of 40 GH10 family xylanase genes derived from a certain PPWT microbiota were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Among these xylanase genes, 14 showed xylanase activity on beechwood substrate. Two of these, PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37, showed high activities, and were purified to evaluate their xylanase properties. Values of optimal pH and temperature for PW-xyl9 were pH 7 and 60 ℃, respectively, while those for PW-xyl37 were pH 7 and 55 ℃, respectively; their specific xylanase activities under optimal conditions were 470.1 U/mg protein and 113.7 U/mg protein, respectively. Furthermore, the Km values of PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37 were determined as 8.02 and 18.8 g/L, respectively. The characterization of these two xylanases paves the way for potential application in future pulp and paper production and other industries, indicating that PPWT microbiota has been an undiscovered reservoir of efficient lignocellulase genes. This study demonstrates that a metagenomic approach has the potential to screen efficient xylanases of uncultured microorganisms from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota. In a similar way, other efficient lignocellulase genes might be identified from PPWT treatment microbiota in the future.
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